{^LIBRARY 

UNtVERSITY  OF 
CALIFORNIA 

SAN  DIEGO          i 

V    ^ 


— 1 


A  SPECIAL 


VOCABULARY  TO  VIRGIL, 


COVERING  HTS  COMPLETE   WORKS. 


BY  J.  B.  GREENOUGH. 


BOSTON: 

PUBLISHED   BY   GINN   &   COMPANY. 

1885. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1882,  by 

JAMES   B.   GREENOUGH, 
in  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington. 


J.  S.  GUSHING  &  Co.,  PRINTERS,  BOSTON. 


PREFACE. 


T^HE  author,  in  preparing  this  Vocabulary  to  accompany  his 
Virgil,  or  for  use  with  other  editions,  has  had  two  things  in 
view :  first,  to  supply  as  much  information  as  was  possible  in 
regard  to  the  history  and  uses  of  the  Latin  words,  so  that  the  book 
should  not  be  a  mere  key  to  translate  by,  but  should  also  furnish 
means  for  the  study  of  the  language  itself;  and,  secondly,  at  the 
same  time  to  give  or  suggest  a  suitable  English  expression  for 
every  passage. 

In  every  language  which  is  to  be  rendered  into  another,  there 
may  be  said  to  be  three  classes  of  meanings  to  the  words :  first,  the 
etymological  meaning,  i.e.,  the  idea  that  a  word  presented  when  it 
was  first  formed  or  used  ;  second,  the  literal  meanings,  i.e.,  the  ideas 
which  a  word  came  to  have  to  those  who  used  it  in  its  later  develop- 
ment; and,  third,  the  foreign  meaning  or  translation,  i.e.,  the  word 
expressing  the  nearest  equivalent  idea  in  the  language  into  which  one 
wishes  to  translate.  Of  course  these  three  classes  of  meanings  may 
happen  to  coincide ;  a  word  may  not  have  deviated  essentially  from 
its  primitive  force,  and  this  same  force  may  happen  to  belong  to  some 
similar  word  in  the  other  language.  It  is,  however,  oftener  other- 
wise ;  words  have  often  diverged  very  far  and  in  many  directions 
from  the  primitive  conception  underlying  them,  and  it  is  rare  that 
a  word  in  one  language  exactly  covers  the  group  of  ideas  which 
belongs  to  the  nearest  corresponding  word  in  another ;  and  this  is 
especially  true  in  poetry.  The  author  has  aimed  to  keep  these 
classes  of  meanings  separate  so  far  as  space  would  permit.  For 


4  Preface. 

this  purpose  the  etymological  meaning,  whero  it  may  not  be  directly 
deduced  from  the  etymology,  has  been  given  first  in  a  parenthesis. 
Then  follow  the  literal  meanings,  as  nearly  as  possible  in  the  sup- 
posed order  of  development,  with  such  hints  as  could  be  given  of 
the  connection  of  ideas.  Such  renderings  as  seemed  to  be  neces- 
sary in  English,  but  which  did  not  accord  with  the  Latin  concep- 
tion, have  been  given  in  their  connection  as  examples.  In  this 
way  it  is  hoped  the  pupil  or  teacher  may  find  a  good  English 
expression  without  losing  sight  of  the  Latin  conception,  which  is, 
after  all,  the  most  important  of  the  three  classes  of  meanings. 

Further,  an  expression  rendered  by  a  bare  representation  of  its 
ultimate  mechanical  equivalent,  often  loses  not  only  all  its  poetry, 
but  also  the  whole  conception  as  it  presented  itself  to  the  mind  of 
the  original  speaker. 

Take  such  a  case  zsfors  dicta  refutct ;  the  poet  undoubtedly  means 
"  may  fate  avert  the  calamity  I  suppose,"  but  he  is  far  from  saying 
so,  nor  could  refuto  to  a  Roman  convey  any  such  idea.  What  he 
does  say  is,  "  May  fate  annul  (make  void)  my  words,"  i.e.,  contra- 
dict, or  prove  false,  the  supposition  which  I  make.  For,  in  ancient 
times,  it  must  be  remembered  any  supposition  or  suggestion  of 
calamity  was  regarded  as  ominous,  and  as  tending  to  bring  about 
the  calamity  supposed  ;  a  force  which  vaguely  underlies  the  expres- 
sion in  English,  "  Oh,  don't  speak  of  it."  It  can  hardly  be  hoped 
that  the  desired  result  has  been  attained  in  all  cases,  but  the  idea 
has  been  constantly  kept  in  view.  Nor  is  it  supposed  that  the 
expressions  given  ^are  the  only  suitable  ones,  but  it  is  hoped  that 
they  will  be  found  suggestive. 

In  regard  to  the  etymology,  which  occupies  more  space  than  is 
usual  in  such  books,  the  author  has  wished  to  show  not  merely 
the  kinship  of  words  loosely,  but,  if  possible,  the  precise  manner 
in  which  one  word  has  been  formed  from  another.  The  fact  is 
often  overlooked  that  the  Latin  language,  as  we  have  it,  is  the  growth 
of  many  centuries,  during  which  forms  have  grown  up  and  given 


Preface.  5 

rise  to  new  formations,  while  they  themselves  have  disappeared. 
The  new  formations  have  given  rise  by  analogy  to  others  seeming 
to  be  formed  like  them  from  lost  stems,  which,  however,  perhaps 
never  existed  at  all.  For  instance,  the  forms  in  -bundus  and 
-cundus  are  unquestionably  originally  formations  from  stems  in 
-bon  and  -con,  which  are  themselves  formations  from  stems  in  -bo 
and  -co,  and  these  in  turn  have  been  formed  by  adding  -bus  and  -cm 
(bo  and  co)  to  simpler  stems  or  roots.  It  has  been  attempted  by 
hints  and  cross  references  to  indicate  these  gradual  developments, 
and  it  is  hoped  that  the  treatment  will  present  to  many  persons 
new  views  of  Latin  stem-formation.  It  is  not  desired  that  all  pupils 
should  learn  this  etymological  matter ;  but  the  author  has  been  led 
to  insert  it  on  account  of  the  want  of  any  such  means  of  information 
in  an  accessible  form. 

The  actual  quantity  of  vowels,  where  known,  has  been  indicated, 
irrespective  of  syllabic  quantity,  in  order  to  aid  the  proper  pronun- 
ciation of  Latin  words. 

J.  B.  GREENOUGH. 

CAMBRIDGE,  NOVEMBER  i,  1882. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


a.  —  Actually  long  vowels  are  marked  without  reference  to  syllabic  quantity, 
and  all  vowels  (in  the  words  when  first  presented)  not  marked  long  are 
supposed  to  be  naturally  short,  although  the  syllable  may  be  long  by 
position.  The  pronunciation  will  of  course  depend  on  the  rules  learned 
from  the  grammar. 

[  ].  —  All  matter  in  square  brackets  is  etymological. 

[Gr.  AtoXos] .  —  A  Greek  word  in  brackets  preceded  by  Gr.  indicates  that  the 
Latin  word  is  borrowed  from  the  Greek  one  given. 

[?] .  —  The  interrogation  in  brackets  marks  a  doubtful  etymology ;  after  a  word 
or  suggestion  it  indicates,  as  usual,  a  doubt,  or  a  suggestion  not  yet  gen- 
erally received. 

•j-servo.  —  A  dagger  marks  a  stem,  or,  in  some  cases,  a  word  not  found  in  Latin, 
but  which  must  once  have  existed.  Such  stems  and  words  are  printed 
in  different  type. 

DHA.  —  Capitals  indicate  Indo-European  words  or  roots. 

Vfer.  —  The  radical  sign  is  used  for  convenience  to  indicate  a  root.  By  this 
is  meant  the  simplest  Latin  form  attainable  by  analysis ;  though,  strictly 
speaking,  a  root  is  impossible  in  Latin,  as  roots  had  ceased  to  exist,  as 
such,  ages  before  Latin  was  a  separate  language. 

as  if.  —  The  words  as  if  indicate  that  a  word  is  formed  according  to  such  an 
analogy,  though  the  actual  growth  of  the  word  may  have  been  different. 

wh.  —  whence  is  derived. 

cf .  —  Compare,  either  for  resemblance,  contrast,  or  etymological  kinship. 

poss.  —  possibly. 

prob.  — probably. 

unc.  —  uncertain. 

(-).  —  A  hyphen  indicates  composition. 

(-)-).  —  The  plus  sign  indicates  derivation  by  addition  of  a  termination;  the 
process  originally,  of  course,  was  one  of  composition. 

reduced.  —  The  word  reduced  indicates  the  loss  of  a  stem  vowel  either  in 
composition,  derivation,  or  inflection. 

Strengthened.  —  The  word  strengthened  indicates  a  vowel  change  by  which 
the  length  of  a  root  vowel  is  increased ;  as  ./div.,  fDyau,  -v^snu,  -f-nau. 

weakened.  —  The  word  weakened  means  that  a  vowel  has  descended  the 
vowel  scale ;  astrom  a  to  o  or  e,  o  to  e  or  *',  etc. 

p.  —  present  participle. 

p.p.  —  past  participle. 

p.f .  —  future  participle. 

p.  ger. — gerundive. 

abl.  —  ablative. 

dat.  —  dative. 

ace.  —  accusative. 

compar.  —  comparative. 

superl.  —  superlative. 

Italics.  — Matter  in  Italics  is  for  translation  ;  in  Roman,  is  explanatory  only. 


VOCABULARY. 


VOCABULARY. 


a ;  see  ab. 

ab  (a,  abs),  [reduced  case  form  of 
unc.  stem:  cf.  Gr.  curb;  Eng.  off, 
of],  prep,  with  abl.,  away  from  (cf. 
ex,  out  of) .  —  Used  of  place,  time, 
and  abstract  ideas,  with  words  of 
motion,  separation,  and  the  like, 
from,  off  from  :  ducite  ab  urbe  ; 
a  me  abducere ;  defendo  a  fri- 
gore.  —  With  words  not  implying 
motion,  on  the  side  of,  on.  —  Of 
succession,  from,  after,  beginning 
with,  since :  omnes  a  Belo ;  nascor 
ab ;  a  primis  mensibus.  —  Irregu- 
larly, from  (out  of}  :  agnae  ab 
ovilibus.  —  With  passives,  by,  on 
the  part  of. —  Fig.,  from,  in  rela- 
tion to,  in  accordance  with  (cf.  ex, 
de)  :  spectare  ab  annis.  —  Ad- 
verbial phrase  :  ab  integro,  afresh, 
anew.  —  With  usque,  all  the  way 
from  ;  see  usque. 

abactus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  abigo. 

Abaris,  -is,  [Gr.  *Aj3«pjs] ,  m.,  a  war- 
rior in  Turnus'  army. 

Abas,  -aiitis,  [Gr.'A/Sas],  m. :  I.  A 
mythic  king  of  Argos,  grandson 
of  Danaus,  possessor  of  a  famous 
shield  which  was  sacred  to  Juno, 
whence  the  use  of  his  name  in 
^En.  Hi.  286 ;  2.  A  companion  of 
tineas  ;  3.  An  Etrurian  hero. 

abditus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  abdo. 

abdo  [ab-do  (put)],  -didi,  -dltum, 
-dere,  3.  v.  &.,put  away,  remove.  — 
With  reflexive,  go  away,  take  one's 
self  off,  withdraw,  retire.  —  Also, 
hide,  conceal:  (with  dat.)  later! 
abdidit  ensem,  i.e.,  plunged  the 
sword  deeply  into  his  side.  —  With 
reflexive,  conceal  or  hide  one's  self 


by  withdrawing,  withdraw  and 
hide,  hide  away. 

abduco,  -xi,  -etiuii,  -cere,  [ab- 
duco],  3.  v.  a.,  leadur  conduct  away 
or  from;  take  or  bring  with  one: 
colon!  abducti.  —  draw  back  or 
away :  capita  ab  ictu.  —  carry 
off  or  away,  get  away. 

abductns,  -a,  -am,  p.p.  of  abdaco. 

Abella  (Av-),  -ae,  f.,  Abella  or 
Avella  ;  a  town  of  Campania  (now 
Avella  Vecchia)  famous  for  its  fruit. 

abeo,  ivi  or  ii,  it  um,  ire,  [ab-eo], 
v.  n.,  go  from  a  place,  &c.,  go 
away,  depart,  withdraw, pass  away, 
disappear,  vanish,  go  doiun. 

abfore ;  see  absum. 

abl,  etc. ;  see  abeo. 

abicio,  -ieci,  -iectum,  -icere,  [ab- 
iacio],  3.  v.  a.,  throw  from  or  away, 
throw  down. 

abiectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  abicio. 

abies,  -ietis,  [?],  I.,  fir  or  spruce,  a 
coniferous  tree.  Also  the  wood,  a 
favorite  material  for  shipbuilding 
and  the  like.  —  a  ship  (made  of  the 
wood),  a  spear-handle,  a  spear. 

abigo,  -egi,  -actum,  -ere,  [ab- 
ago],  3.  v.  a.,  drive  away,  dispel, 
remove :  nox  abacta. 

abitus,  -as,  [ab-itus],  m.  (abstr.  of 
abeo),  a  going  away,  departure, 
retirement. — Concretely,  an  outlet, 
place  of  egress,  way  of  escape, escape. 

abiungo,  -xi,  -ctuin,  -gere,  [ab- 
iungo], 3.  v.  a.,  unyoke,  unhar- 
ness :  iuvencum. 

abiiiratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  abiuro. 

abiuro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ab- 
iuro], I.  v.  a.,  swear  off,  abjure,  — 
deny  on  oath  :  abiuratae  rapinae. 


Vocabulary. 


ablatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  aufero. 

abluu,  -ui,  -lit um,  -uere,  [abluo], 
3.  v.  a.,  wash,  off,  out,  or  away :  cae- 
dem. —  remove  filth  from  any  thing 
by  washing,  cleanse,  purify,  wash. 

ablut  us,  -a,  -am,  p.p.  of  ablao. 

abnego,  -avi,  at  um,  -are,  [ab- 
nego] ,  I .  v.  a.,  deny  (with  accessory 
notion  of  refusal),  refuse,  deny  : 
medicas  adhibere  manus. 

abnuo,  -ui,  -nit HIM  or  -Otuin, 
-uere  (-uiturus),  [ab-nuo],  3.  v. 
a.  and  n.,  make  a  sign  with  the  head 
in  token  of  refusal,  refuse,  deny, 
decline,  forbid :  omen. 

aboleo,  -evi  or  -ui,  -Itum,  -ere, 
[ab-oleo],  2.  v.  a.  (properly,  out- 
grow, but  only  used  in  the  causative 
sense),  to  destroy,  cause  to  perish : 
monumenta.  —  Pass.,  die.  —  Fig., 
take  away,  extirpate,  blot  out,  re- 
move,&£.:  Sychaeum  (from  Dido's 
mind) . 

abolesco,  -evi,  no  sup.,  -escere, 
[ab-olesco],  3.  v.  n.  (outgroiv), 
be  destroyed,  decay,  waste,  vanish, 

abreptus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  abripio. 

abripiu,  -ripui,  -reptuni,  -ere, 
[ab-rapio],  3.  v.  a.,  snatch  from 
or  away,  drag  off,  carry  off,  tear 
away  or  from. 

abrumpo,  -  ru  pi,  -ruptuin,  -ruin- 
pere,  [ab-rumpo],  3-v.a.  (in  cau- 
sative sense),  break  off  or  away 
from,  tear  away,  rend  asunder, 
break  away  (clouds). —  Of  dis- 
course, &c.,  break  off :  sermonem. 
—  Of  law,  &c.,  violate,  trample  on  : 
fas.  —  Of  life,  &c.,  tear  or  rend 
away,  destroy,  put  an  end  to :  vi- 
tam ;  invisam  lucem  {abandon) ; 
somnos  cura  (JianisK) .  —  abrup- 
tus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.,  stcffi,  precipi- 
tous,violent :  procellae;  abrupto 
sidere.  —  In  abruptum,  precipi- 
tously. 

abruptus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ab- 
rumpo. 

abs,  fuller  form  of  ab  (cf.  ex,  uls). 

abscessus,  -as,  [abs-fcessus, 
Y/ced+tus],  m.,  a  going  away, 
departure. 


abscido,  -cidi,  -risum,  -cidere, 
[abs-caedo],  3.  v.  a.,  cut  off  or 
away,  destroy. 

absclndo,  -scidi,  -scissum,  -scin- 
dere,  [ab-scindo],  3.  v.  a.,  cut  or 
tear  off or  away,  tear  apart,  sever, 
rend  asunder :  arva  et  urbes ; 
tear:  flaventes  abscissa  comas ; 
tear  or  rend  away  from  one  ;  de- 
prive one  of:  umeris  vestem. 

abscissus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ab- 
scindo^ 

abscondo,  -di  and  -didi,  -ditum 
and  -sum,  -dere,  [abs-condo], 
3.  v.  a.,  put  away,  put  out  of  sight, 
secrete,  conceal.  —  Pass,  in  reflex- 
ive force,  of  the  heavenly  bodies : 
hide,  disappear,  vanish,  set:  Atlan- 
tides  abscondantur.  —  Of  places 
as  objects,  lose  sight  of,  leave  be- 
hind: Phaeacum  arces.  —  Fig., 
conceal,  hide :  furto  fugam. 

absens,  -entis,  p.  of  absura. 

absilio,  -li  or  -ui,  no  sup.,  -ire, 
[ab-salio],  4.  v.  n.  and  a.,  leaf  or 
spring  away,  fly  off ':  scintillae. 

absisto,  -stiti,  no  sup.,  -sistcrc, 
[ab-sisto],  3.  v.  n.,  stand  away  or 
apart  from  ;  withdraw,  depart  or 
go  away,  fly  from.  —  Fig.,  desist 
or  cease  from,  leave  off,  forbear, 
refrain  (abs.  or  with  inf.) :  moveri. 

abstineu,  -ti  u  ui,  -tentu  in,  -tliie  re, 
[abs-teneo],  2.  v.  a.  and  n.,  hold 
or  keep  away  from  ;  hold  or  Xv</> 
off.  —  With  reflexive,  restrain  one's 
self,  refrain,  keep  off  or  away.  — 
Without  reflexive,  refrain,  abstain 
(abs.  or  with  abl.)  :  tactu  (refuse 
to  touch). 

abstractus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  abs- 
traho. 

abstraho,  -xi,  -ctum,  -here,  [abs- 
traho],  3.  v.  a.,  draw  or  drag 
away,  carry  off. 

abstrudo,  -Osi,  -fisum,  -udere, 
[abs-trudo],  3.  v.  a.,  thrust  away, 
hide,  conceal.  —  With  reflexive  or 
in  passive,  hide  or  conceal  one's  self. 

abstrusus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  abs- 
trudo. 

abstuli;  see  aufero. 


Vocabulary. 


absum,  -ful,  -esse,  [ab-sum],  (in- 
stead of  abfui,  abforem,  etc., 
aful,  aforem,  etc.,  are  also 
found),  v.  n.,  be,  away  from,  be 
absent  or  distant  (in  place  or 
time):  hinc  aberat.  —  absens, 
-ntis,  p.  as  adj.,  absent,  away; 
with  adv.  force,  in  one's  absence. 

\bsumo,  -nipsi,  -inptum  (better 
than  -nisi,  -intum),  -mere,  [ab- 
sumo],  3.  v.  a.,  take  away  (to 
spend,  or  by  spending,  cf.  sump- 
tus) ;  devour,  consume  :  mensas, 
—  Of  persons,  kill,  destroy,  &c.  : 
me  ferro.  —  Of  property,  &c.,  de- 
vour, consume  :  salus  absumpta 
(gone) ;  absumptae  vires  (ex- 
hausted, all  used), 

absumptus,  -a,  -inn  (less  correctly 
-nitus,  etc.),  p.p.  of  absuiiuK 

abundans,  -ntis,  p.  of  abuudo. 

abunde  [tabundo-(ab-unda+us)], 
adv.,  copiously,  abundantly,  in  pro- 
fusion ;  in  a  very  great  or  high 
degree,  amply,  in  plenty,  &c.  — 
With  gen.  =  noun  or  adj.,  plenty 
of,  sufficient :  fraudis. 

abiindu,  -avi,  -atuni,  -are,  [tab- 
undo-],  I .  v.  n.,flow  off,  away,  over- 
flow, i.e.,  be  very  abundant  or  nu- 
merous; to  be  in  abundance  ;  over- 
floiv  with  ;  to  have  an  abundance 
or  superabundance. —  abuudaus, 
-utis,  p.  as  adj.,  abundans  lactis. 

ab  usque ;  see  ab. 

Abydus  (-dos),  -i,  [Gr.  "A£t/5os], 
f.  and  m.,  a  town  in  Asia,  opposite 
Sestos  (now  Avido),  famous  for 
its  oysters. 

ac1,  reduced  form  of  atque,  \vh.  see. 

acalanthis,-idis,[Gr.  a.Ka\av0is~\,  f., 
flie  acalanthis  (perhaps  the  thistle- 
finch  or  gold-finch),  a  small  bird 
(fabled  to  have  been  changed  from 
a  girl  of  that  name  by  the  Muses, 
with  whom  she  contended  in  song) . 

Acamas,  -antis,  [Gr.  'A/co^as],  m., 
a  son  of  Theseus  and  Pluedra,  a 
hero  in  the  Trojan  war. 

acanthus,  -I,  [Gr.  &/cai/0os],  in.  and 
f.  Masc.,  the  plant  beards-breech, 
bear's-foot,  or  brank-ursine,  of 


which  the  leaf  conventionalized 
appears  on  Corinthian  capitals.  — 
Fern.,  the  acanthus,  a  thorny  ever- 
green tree  in  Egypt. 

Acarnan, -anis,[Gr.'A(capi/o«'],adj., 
of  Acarnania.  — Masc.,  a  native  of 
that  country.  —  Plur.,  the  inhabi- 
tants, Acarnanians. 

Acarnania,  -ae,  [f.  of  adj.  Acar- 
uauius],  f.,  a  province  of  central 
Greece  (now  Carnia). 

Acca,  jae,  f.,  a  friend  of  Camilla. 

accedo  (ad-),  -cessi,  -cessuin, 
-cedere,  (perf.  ind.  accestis  for 
accessistis),  [ad-cedo],  3.  v.  n., 
go  towards,  draw  near,  approach, 
come  to,  visit  (persons  or  things). 

—  With  ace. :  scopulos. 
accelero  (ad-),  -avi,  -atum,  -are, 

[ad-celero],  i.v.  a.  and  n.  Act, 
hasten,  accelerate.  —  Neut.,  haste, 
hasten,  make  haste. 

acceiido  (ad-),  -di,  -sum,  -dere, 
[ad-fcando  (cf.  incendo  and 
candeo)],  3.  v.  a.,  set  on  fire,  kin- 
dle :  tantum  ignem.  —  Fig.,  i n- 
Jlame  a  person  or  thing,  set  on  fire, 
kindle,  excite,  fire,  rouse :  quos 
merita  accendit  Mezentius  ira. 

accensus  (ad-),  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
accendo. 

acceptus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  accipio. 

at'cerso,  see  arcesso. 

accessus  (ad-),  -us,  [ad-fcessus, 
cf.  abscessus],  m.  Abstr.,  a  going 
to  or  near,  an  approach,  entrance, 
access:  ventorum.  —  Concr.,  an 
approach,  an  entrance. 

accido  (ad-),  -eidi,  no  sup.,  -ci- 
dere,  [ad-caedo],  3.  v.  a.,  cut  into. 

—  Of   food,  consume.  —  Of  trees, 
hew,  cut,  fell :  ornas. 

accinctus  (ad-),  -a,  -um,  p.p. 
of  aecingo. 

acciugo  (ad-),  -xi,  -ctum,  -gere, 
(inf.  pass,  aceingier),  [ad-cin- 
go],  3.  v.  a..,  gird  on,  gird  around 
or  about :  later!  ensem.  —  Pass., 
gird  one's  self  about  with,  gird  <<//, 
arm  one's  self  with  :  accingitur 
ense ;  aceingier  artes  (have  re- 
course to,  as  arms). —  With  al>l 


Vocabulary. 


of  means,  arm,  equip,  furnish, 
provide,  &c. :  paribus  armis, — 
gird,  i.e.  prepare,  make  ready.  — 
With  reflexive  or  in  passive,  pre- 
pare one's  self,  get  ready,  make 
one's  self  ready,  &c. :  se  praedae 
accingunt. 

accio  (ad-),  -Ivi,  -I turn,  -ire,  [ad- 
cio,  cf.  cieo],  4.  v.  a.,  cause  to 
come  or  go  to  a  person  or  place ; 
summon,  call. 

accipio  (ad-),  -cepi,  -ceptum, 
-cipere,  [ad-capio],  3.  v.  a.,  take 
a  person  or  thing  to  one's  self,  &c.; 
take,  receive :  te  gremio.  —  re- 
ceive or  entertain  as  a  guest,  &c. : 
Aenean.  —  Gen.,  take,  get,  receive, 
attain,  take  in,  take  up :  vulnera 
tergo ;  vitam  deorum ;  aequora 
(of  ships) ;  me  annus  (/  enter 
upon) ;  animum  quietum ;  ac- 
cipe  daque  fidem.  —  Mentally, 
perceive,  hear,  observe,  learn,  re- 
ceive intelligence  of  anything:  so- 
nitum.  —  take  or  regard  a  thing 
in  any  way;  consider,  interpret, 
explain.  —  accipere  omen;  also, 
without  omen :  regard  a  thing  as 
a  {favorable)  omen,  take  as  an 
omen.  —  acceptus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p., 
acceptable,  -welcome. 

acclpiter,  -tris,  [stem  akin  to  ocior- 
stem  akin  to  peto],  m.,  a  hawk. 

accisus,  -a,  -uui,  p.p.  of  accido. 

accitus  (ad-),  -us,  [ad-citus],  m. 
(only  in  abl.  sing.),  a  summoning, 
summons,  call. 

accitus,  -a,  -inn,  p.p.  of  accio. 

acclinls  (ad-),  -e,  [ad-fclinus 
(weakened),  cf.  clino],  adj.,  lean- 
ing against  or  towards,  leaning 
on  :  arboris  trunco. 

acclivis,  -e,  (-us,  -a,  -um),  [ad  + 
clivus  (weakened)],  adj.,  slanting 
upwards  (opp.  to  de-cllvis) ;  in- 
clining upivards,ascending,  up  hill. 

accola  (ad-),  -ae,  [ad-fcola  (cf. 
Incola)],  comm.,  a  dweller  by  or 
near  a  place;  a  neighbor ,  dwelling 
near  by. 

accolo  (ad-),  -colui,  -cultuiu, 
-colere,  [ad-colc],  3.  v.  a.  and  n., 


dwell  by  or  near  a  place,  &c.,  with 
or  without  jicc. 

accommodu  (ad-),  -avi,  -atuiii, 
-are,  [ad-commodo],  \.\.&.,fit 
or  adapt ;  adjust :  later!  accom- 
modat  ensem. 

accommodus  (ad-),  -a,  -um,  [ad- 
commodus],  adj.,  suitable,  fit: 
fraudi. 

accubo  (ad-),  -ui,  -itum,  -are, 
[ad-cubo],  I.  v.  n.,  lie,  lie  down 
or  recline,  at,  by  or  near:  iuxta 
accubaj,.  —  Of  shade,  fall. 

accumbo  (ad-),  -cubui,  -cubi- 
tuin,  -cumbere,  [ad-cumbo], 
3.  v.  n.,  lay  one's  self  down  upon, 
lie  on  ;  recline  (at  table)  :  epulis 
divum.  _ 

acoumulo  (ad-),  -avi,  -atum, 
-are,  [ad-cumulo],  i.  v.  a.,  heap 
upon,  heap  up,  accumulate,  load: 
animam  donis. 

accurro  (ad-),  -cucurri  and  -cur- 
ri,  -cursum,  -currere,  [ad-cur- 
ro],  3.  v.  n.,  run  to,  come  toby  run- 
ning, hasten  to. 

acer,  -eris,  n.,  the  maple. 

acer,  -cris,  -ere,  [^&c  +  ris],  adj., 
(sharp,  pointed,  edged),  sharp  : 
sonitus. — Fig.,  violent,  vehement, 
strong,  passionate,  lively,  bitter, 
consuming:  dolor;  metus.  —  Of 
intellectual  qualities,  subtle,  acute, 
penetrating,  sagacious,  shrewd. — 
Of  moral  qualities,  in  a  good  sense, 
active,  ardent,  spirited,  zealous  : 
Orontes ;  acrior  successu  (in- 
spired) ;  —  in  a  bad  sense,  violent, 
hasty,  hot,  fierce,  severe,  fiery  : 
equus. — Of  things:  areas  (pow- 
erful). 

acerbo,  no  perf.,  -atum,  -are, 
[facerbo-],  I.  v.  a.,  to  make  harsh 
or  bitter,  to  embitter,  augment  or 
aggravate  anything  disagreeable, 
&c. :  crimen. 

acerb  us,  -a,  -um,  [acer  +  bus], 
adj.,  {pointed,  sharp). — To  the 
taste,  or  to  the  feelings,  harsh, 
biting,  salt,  bitter.  —  Of  persons, 
rough,  repulsive,  morose,  violent, 
harsh,  rigorous,  hostile,  severe.— 


Vocabulary. 


5 


Neut.  plur.  as  adv.,  harshly,  sourly, 
morosely,  grimly,  violently  :  tuens 
(furiously,  bitterly).  —  Of  things, 
harsh,  heavy,  disagreeable,  bitter, 
troublesome,  rigorous,  grievoiis, 
sad. — Neut.,  calamity,  misfortune. 
—  Poetic,  painful,  violent,  sad; 
causing  pain  (to  others),  afflictive, 
distressing. 

acernus,  -a,-um,  [acer+nus],  adj., 
made  of  maple,  maple-  :  trabes. 

acerra,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  an  incense-box. 

Acerrac,  -arum,  f.,  a  town  of  Cam- 
pania, near  Naples  (now  Acerra} . 

acervus,  -I,  [acer  +  vus],  m.,  (a 
pointed  mound'),  a  heap. 

Acesta,  -ae,  (-e,  -es),  f.,  a  town  of 
Sicily,  named  after  King  Acestes 
(earlier  Egesta,  later  Segesla~). 

Acestes,  -ae,  [Gr.  'A/ce'oTTjs],  m.,  a 
son  of  the  river-god  Crimisus  by  a 
Trojan  woman  Egesta,  or  Segesta. 
He  received  tineas  as  a  kinsman. 

Achaemenides,  -ae,  [Gr.  'Axc"Mf- 
vt5i}s],m.,a  supposed  companion  of 
Ulysses,  left  on  the  island  of  Sicily. 

Ac hu ic i is,  -a,  -urn,  [Gr.  'Axcm'KcJs], 
adj.,  Achaan,  Grecian. 

AchaJus,-a,-um,[Gr.'Axai'os],adj., 
Achaan,  Grecian. — Fern,  as  subst., 
Achaia,  a  country  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  Peloponnesus,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Corinth.  —  Less  exactly, 
Greece. 

Achates,  -ae,  [Gr.  'AxaTTjs],  m.,  the 
trusty  squire  of  /Eneas. 

Acheloi'us, -a,  -um, [Gr  ' AxeAcoi'os] , 
adj.,  belonging  to  the  river  Acheloiis 
in  Greece. 

Achelous,  -i,  [Gr.  'AXSA.&JOS],  m., 
Acheloiis,  a  river  of  central  Greece 
(now  the  Aspropotamd). 

Acheron,  -ntis,  [Gr.  >Ax6V&)>/]>  m-> 
a  river  in  Epirus,  which  flows 
through  the  Lake  Acherusia  into 
the  Ambracian  Gulf  (now  the  Ver- 
lichi  or  Delika~).  —  Hence,  a  river 
in  the  infernal  regions.  —  Also,  the 
infernal  regions,  the  world  below. 

Acheruns,  -untis,  m.,  the  infernal 
rt'^ions,  the  world  below. 

Achilles,  -is,  (-i  or  -ei),  [Dor.  Gr. 


m-»  t^e  famous  hero  of 
the  Iliad,  son  of  Peleus  and  Thetis. 

Aehllle  us,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.'  AXI  AAeios]  , 
adj.,  belonging  or  pertaining  to 
Achilles,  of  Achilles,  Achilles'. 

Achi  vus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  '  AXCJJFOS  (not 
found)],  adj.,  Achcean,  Grecian, 
Greek.  —  Plur.,  Achivi,  -orum, 
m.,  the  Greeks. 

Acidalia,  -ae,  [f.  of  adj.  Acida- 
lins],  f.,  a  name  of  Venus  from  a 
fountain  (AcidaKus)  in  Boeotia. 

acidus,  -a,  -um,  [lost  stem  faci- 
or  faco-  (cf.  aciculus,  aceo)  + 
dus],  adj.,  (pointed,  sharp}.  —  Of 
taste,  sour,  hard,  acid  :  sorba. 

acies,  -ei,  [^/ac+  ies],  f.,  (point}, 
edge,  sharp  edge  of  a  sword,  sickle, 
&c.  :  acies  ferri  ;  falcis.  —  Of  sight, 
keen  look  or  glance,  poiver  of  vision, 
the  sight,  the  eye  :  geminas  flecte 
acies  ;  —  brightness  of  the  heavenly 
bodies  :  stellis  acies  obtusa  vi- 
detur.  —  line  or  order  of  battle, 
battle-array  of  land  or  sea  forces; 
a  similar  line  of  boys  ;  an  army 
drawn  up  in  order  of  battle  ;  the 
action  of  troops  drawn  up  in  bat- 
tle-array ;  a  battle  :  acie  certare  ; 
an  army  :  eoas  acies. 

aclis,  -Idls,  [Gr.  aynvXis'],  f.,  a  small 


Acmoii,  -onis,  [Gr.  *  \KIJ.U>V~\,  m.,  a 

companion  of  ^Eneas. 
Acoetes,  -is,  [Gr.  "AKO^TTJS],  m.,  an 

armor-bearer  of  Evander. 
aconitum,   -i,    [Gr.    d/cocn-oj/],  n., 

aconite,  wolfs-bane  or  monk's-hood 

(a  poisonous  herb). 
Aconteus,  -el,  [Gr.  'AKoireik],  m., 

a  Latin  warrior. 
acquire,  see  adquiro. 
Acragas,  -antis,  [Gr.  'AKpdyas'],  m., 

a   mountain   and   town  in   Sicily, 

called  also  Agrigentum  (now  Gir- 
_  genti\. 
Acrisione,  -es,  [Gr.  '  \Kpi<n<I>vri~\,  f., 

the  daughter  of  Acrisius,  i.e.  Da  na'e. 
Acrisioneus,-a,  -um,  adj.,/^r/ai«- 

ing  to  Acrisione  :  coloni. 
Acrisius,   -I,    [Gr.   '  A.Kplffios'],  m., 

Acrisius,   fourth    king  of  Argos, 


6 


Vocabulary. 


father  of  Danae,  unintentionally 
killed  by  his  grandson  Perseus. 

Acron,  -onis,  m.,  an  Etruscan  war- 
rior slain  by  Mezentius. 

act  a,  -ae,  [Gr.  aK'Hj] ,  f.,  the  sea-shore. 

Actaeus,  -a,  -urn,  [Gr.  'AKTCUOS], 
adj.,  of  Attica,  Attic. —  Masc.  pi., 
Actaei,  the  Athenians. 

Actias,  -adis,  [Gr.  'A/crfus],  adj.  f., 
Attic,  Athenian. 

Actium,  -I,  (n.  of  Actius),  [Gr. 
&K-TIOV,  sea-coast},  n.,  a  promontory 
and  town  of  Greece  on  the  Ambra- 
cian  Gulf,  off  which  the  great  vic- 
tory of  Octavius  over  Antony  was 
gained. 

Actius,  -a,  -11  ni,  [Gr.  &KTIOS],  adj., 
of  Actium  (prop,  same  word  as 
Actium,  but  used  as  adj.  from  it). 

Actor,  -oris,  [Gr.  "Ajcrwp],  m.,  a 
Trojan. 

act  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ago. 

actus,  -ns,  [  v/ag-f  tus],  m.,  a  driv- 
ing, impulse  :  fertur  mons  mag- 
no  actu. 

actutum  [n.  ace.  of  factutus  (cf. 
cornutus)],  adv.,  with  speed, 
hastily,  immediately,  speedily,  in- 
stantly. 

acuo,  -ui,  iif um,  -ere,  [facu-], 
3.  v.  a.,  make  sharp,  sharpen  :  fer- 
rum.  —  Fig.,  spur  on,  incite,  drive 
on,  rouse,  disquiet :  lupos ;  curia 
mortalia  corda.  —  Of  passions, 
rouse,  excite :  iras.  —  acutus,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  sharpened,  sharp 
(in  all  senses):  saxum;  hinni- 
tus  (shrill). 

acus,  -us,  [  ^/ac  +  us],  f.,  (a pointed 
thing"),  a  needle:  acu  pingere 
(embroider). 

acutus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  acuo. 

ad  [unc.  case-form],  prep,  with  ace., 
to,  toward,  against  (cf.  in).  —  Of 
motion,  direction,  and  tendency 
in  all  senses :  tendens  ad  sidera 

E  almas;  spectaread;  respicead 
aec;  canit  ad  auras  (<»i  the 
air) ;  ad  unum  (to  a  man).  —  Of 
rest,  near  by,  near  to,  at,  by:  erran- 
tem  ad  flumina ;  ad  Troiam ;  ad 
lunam  (=  in  the  moonlight) .  — 


Mere  end,  purpose,  or  reference, 
to,  for,  in  respect  to,  according  to, 
on  :  ad  frena  leones  (broken  to 
the  bit).  —  Of  time,  at. 

adactus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  adigo. 

adamas,  -antis,  [Gr.  dSo/tas,  un- 
yielding'], m.,  adamant,\}\e  hardest 
of  metals,  supposed  to  be  steel, 
used  loosely  for  a  hard  material : 
solido  adamante  columnae. 

Adamastus,  -I,  [Gr.  'A8a/*a<TTos], 
m.,  father  of  Achasmenides,  and 
Ithacan. 

adc-,  see  ace-. 

adcedo,  see  accedo. 

adcerso,  see  arcesso. 

addenseo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -ere, 
[ad-denseo],  2.  v.  a.,  thicken,  close 
up:  acies.  Others  read  addeii- 
sant. 

addico,  -xi,  -ctum,  -ere,  [ad- 
dico],  3.  v.  a.,  (speak  in  favor  of), 
award,  adjudge,  —  deliver,  make 
over,  yield:  me  huic  class!  (sur- 
render) . 

additns,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  addo. 

addo,-didi,-ditum,  -ere,  [ad-do], 
3.  v.  a.,  put  near,  by,  or  to,  add, 
attach,  join  :  cognomen  (give)  ; 
se  sociam ;  noctem  addens  operi 
(employ  in) ;  addere  gradum 
(press  the  pace) .  —  So  :  quadri- 
gae addunt  se  in  spatia  (consume 
the  space). 

addiieo,  -xi,  -ctum,  -ere,  [ad- 
duce], 3.  v.  a.,  lead  to,  bring. — 
To  one's  self,  draw  back  :  arcus 
(draw) ;  a,ri\is((/rti7i>uJ>,cflu/>-<ii/). 

addiictus, -a,-mn,  p.p. of  addoco. 

adedo,  -edi,  -esuin,  -edere,  [ad- 
edo],  3.  v.  a.,  eat  into,  gn<i;i',  <\it 
up  :  favos  stellio.  —  Of  fire,  con- 
sume, bunt  up. 

ademptus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  adimo. 

ademtus,  sec  ademptus. 

adco,  -ii  (-ivi),  -Hum,  -ire,  [ad- 
eo],  v.  n.  and  a.,  go  to  or  towards, 
approach,  accost.  —  With  hostile 
intent,  go  against,  attack,  set  upon. 
—  Of  things  immaterial,  enter  on, 
arrive  at,  attain,  incur  :  labores ; 
sales;  astra. 


Vocabulary. 


adeo  [ad-eo],  adv.,  to  that  point,  to 
that  degree,  so  (in  space,  time,  or 
degree) :  usque  adco  turbatur ; 
non  obtusa  adeo  gestamus  pec- 
tora  (to  such  a  degree  as  is 
indicated  by  the  context) ;  nee 
sum  adeo  informis  (so  very)  ; 
adeo  consuescere  multum  est 
(such  power  has  habit).  —  With 
weakened  force,  in  fact,  just,  pre- 
cisely, really,  indeed,  full  (with 
numbers) :  haec  adeo  ex  illo 
speranda  fuerunt  (just  this} ; 
nee  me  adeo  fallit  (at  all) ;  iam 
adeo  {just  noiv);  vix  adeo 
adgnovit  (really  he  could  scarce- 
ly, &c.)  ;  nunc  adeo  (but  just  at 
this  moment);  teque  adeo  con- 
sule  (and  precisely  in  your  con- 
sulship); totae  adeo  acies  (ab- 
solutely entire') ;  haec  adeo  (this 
is  just  what) . 

adesus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  adedo. 

adfabilis  (aff-),  -c,  [adf a-  (stem 
of  adfor)  +  bills],  adj.,  to  bespoken 
to,  courteous :  dictu  (in  speech). 

adfatus  (aff-),  -us,  [ad-fatus],m., 
an  address,  accosting.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, mode  of  address. 

adfatus  (aff-),  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
adfor. 

adfecto  (aff-),  -avi,  -atuin,  -are, 
[ad-facto,  or  fadfecto],  i.  v.  a., 
{make  for),  strive  for,  aim  at, grasp 
at,  catch,  seize  :  viam  Olympo. 

adfero  (aff-),  -tull  (att-),  -latum 
(all-),  ferre,  bring  to,  bring: 
honorem. —  In  pass.,  or  with  re- 
flexive, come,  arrive. 

adfioiu  (aff-),  -feel,  -fectum, 
-ere,  [ad-facio],  3.  v.  a.,  do  to 
some  one,  affect,  treat.  —  With  abl., 
treat  with  something,  give  some- 
thing to  :  pretio  (to  reward). 

adf  igo  (aff-),  -f  ixi,  -f  ixum,  -ere, 
[ad-flgo],  3.  v.  a.,  fasten  to,  fix  to 
or  in,  fasten :  radicem  terrae ; 
flammam  lateri. 

adfixns,  (aff-),  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
adfigo. 

adflatus  (aff-),  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
adflo. 


adflictus  (aff-),  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
adfligo. 

adfligo  (aff-),  -flixi,  -flictum, 
-ere,  [ad-nigo],  3.  v.  a.,  (dash 
against),  dash  down,  overthrow. — 
adflictus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
ruined,  overwhelmed,  wretched, 
miserable :  vita  ;  res. 

adflo  (af-),  -avi,  -atuin,  -are,  [ad- 
flo] ,  I .  v.  a.  and  n.,  blow  on,  breathe 
on.  :  me  ventis.  —  inspire:  adflata 
est  numine  dei. — breathe  some- 
thing on  one,  bestow,  impart  : 
oculis  adflarat  honores. 

adflno  (aff-),-fluxi,-fluxum,-ere, 
[ad-fluo] ,  3.  v.  n.,flow  to,  towards, 
or  into.  —  Less  exactly,  pour  in, 
flock  to,  throng  to. 

adfor  (aff-),  -atus,-ari,  [ad-for], 
speak  to,  address,  accost. 

adfore  (aff-)  ;  see  adsum. 

adf  ul ;  see  adsum. 

adgero  (agg-),  essi,  -estum,  -erere, 
[ad-gero],  3.  v.  a.,  bear  to,  heap 
upon  :  adgeritur  tumulo  tellus. 

adglomero  (ag-),  -avi,  atuin, 
are  [ad-glomero],  v.  a.  and  n., 
roll  together,  gather  together,  heap 
up.  —  Of  a  band  of  men,  join,  at- 
tach themselves  to  :  lateri  adglo- 
merant  nostro. — gather,  crowd  to- 
gether, close  up :  cuneis  se  coactis. 

adgnosco  (ag-),  -novi,  -nltum, 
-ere,  [ad-(g)nosco],  3.  v.  a.,  rec- 
ognize :  matrem. 

adgredior  (agg-),  -grcssus,  -gre- 
di,  [ad-gradior],v.  dep.,£tf  to,  ap- 
proach.—  attack,  assault:  turrim. 
— accost :  aliquem  dictis.  —  Seize 
upon,  lay  hold  of  (cf.  "go  at ")  : 
hastilia.  —  Fig.,  undertake  (with 
inf.). 

adgressus  (agg-),  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
adgredior. 

adhaereo,  -haesi,  -haesum,  -ere, 
[ad-haereo],  2.  v.  n.,  stick  to, 
cleave  to,  hang  on,  adhere  :  sudor. 

adhibeo,  -bui,  -bitum,  -ere,  [ad- 
habeo],  I.  v.  a.,  haiie  by  or  near, 
apply,  turn,  employ,  adopt:  manus 
medicas  ad  vubiera  ;  animos ; 
hos  castris  socios  (secure). — 


8 


Vocabulary. 


F.sp.,  invite  to  a  banqiiet,  invite  : 
Penates. 

adhuc  [ad-huc,  cf.  ad-eo],  adv., 
to  this  point.  —  Of  place,  time,  or 
degree,  neque  adhuc  {never  thus 
far,  never  yet) .  —  still,  yet,  longer  : 
quis  adhuc  precibus  locus  ? 

adicio  (adj-),  -leci, -iectum, -ere, 
[ad-iacio],  3.  v.  a.,  throw  to  or  at. 
—  Fig.,  add. 

adigo,  -egi,  -actum,  -ere,  [ad- 
ago],  3.v.  a.,  drive  to,  force,  send, 
hurl,  plunge  :  me  fulmine  ad  um- 
bras ;  alte  volnus  &d.&ci\jim.(deeply 
planted). —  Fig.,  force,  impel,  com- 
pel, bring  (force),  drive.  —  With 
inf.,  oblige:  vertere  morsus  in 
exiguam  Cererem. 

adimo,  -emi,  -empturn,  -ere,  [ad- 
emo  {take)'],  {take  at  or  by),  take 
from  or  away :  lumen  ademp- 
tum  {put  out). — Fig.,  somnos 
{deprive  of). 

aditus,  -us,  [ad-itus],  m.  Abstr., 
a  going  in,  approach,  access.  — 
Concr.,  an  entrance,  approach, 
means  of  access,  way  of  approach. 

adiunctus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ad- 
iungo. 

adiungo,  -unxi,  -unctum,  -ere, 
[ad-iungo],  3.  v.  a.,  join  to,  fas- 
ten, yoke,  harness,  attach:  ulmis 
vites.  —  Fig.,  place  beside,  attach  : 
later!  castrorum  adiuncta  clas- 
sis.  —  Less  exactly,  add,  slate 
further. 

adluro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ad- 
iuro],  I.  v.  a.,  swear  to,  swear. — 
With  ace.,  swear  by:  caput  fontis. 

adiuvo,  -iiivi,  iutum,  -are,  [ad- 
iuvo],  I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  give  help  to, 
aid,  assist,  help. 

adlabor  (all-),  -lapsus,  -lain", 
[ad-labor],  3.  v.  dep.,  fall  to  or 
towards,  glide  to  or  towards,  ap- 
proach or  reach  (with  smooth  or 
sliding  motion) :  viro  adlapsa 
sagitta.^ 

adlacrimo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ad- 
lacrimo],  i.  v.  n.,  weep. 

adlapsus  (all-),  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
adlabor. 


adligo  (all-),  -avi,  -atum,  -aro, 

[ad-ligo],  I.  v.  a.,  bind  or  tie  («, 
bind,  fasten,  moor:  ancora  naves. 

—  Fig.,  detain,  confine. 
adloquor  (all-),  locutus,  -loqui, 

[ad-loquor],  v.  dep.,  speak  to,  ad- 
dress, accost,  pray  to :  deos. 

adlndo  (all-),  -lusi,  -lusum,  -ere, 
[ad-ludo],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  play 
with,  or  at;  refer  in  jest,  jest. 

adluo  (all-),  -lui,  -ere,  [ad-luo], 
3.  v.  a.,  wash  against,  wash  (of  a 
river  or  sea). 

ad  m  j  ra  rid  us,  -a,  -um,  part,  of  ad- 
mlror,  used  as  adj. 

admiror,  -situs,  -ari,  [ad-miror], 
I .  v.  dep.,  wonder  at,  be  surprised, 
admire,  marvel  at,  gaze  with  sur- 
prise or  admiration.  —  adinirau- 
dus,  -a,  -um,  ger.  as  adj.,  ad- 
mirable, marvellous,  wonderful. 

—  admirans,  p.  as  adj.,  admir- 
ing, with,  surprise,  with  admira- 
tion. 

admlsceo,-lscui,-lxtum(-Istnin), 
ere,  [ad-misceo],  2.  v.  a.,  mix 
with,  intermingle,  unite  with : 
stirpem  Phrygiam.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, of  persons,  add  to,  unite, 
intermingle,  join. 

admisti,  contr.  perf.  of  admltto. 

a  <  I  m  i  ssus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  admltto. 

admltto,  -misi,  -mlssum,  -ere, 
[ad-mitto],  3.  v.  a.,  let. go  to,  ad- 
mit, allow  to  approach,  let  in. 

admoneo,  -nui,  -nitum,  ere,  [ad- 
moneo],  2.  v.  a..,  give  'i'arniitg  to, 
admonish,  warn,  remind, 

—  With  inf.,decedere  campis. — 
Less  exactly,  urge  on :  telo  ad- 
monuit  Jjiiugos. 

admordco,  -momordi,  -morsum, 
-ere,  [ad-mordeo],  2.  v.  a.,  bite 
into,  gnaw  :  admorsa  stirpe. 

admorsus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ad- 
morde_o. 

admoveo,  -movi,  -motum,  -ere, 
[ad-moveo],  3.  v.  a.,  move  to,  con- 
duct, apply,  bring  to  :  te  ventus 
{waft);  admorunt  ubera  tigres 
{offer, give  suck). 

admoram,  etc. ;  see  admoveo. 


Vocabulary. 


adniNiis  (ami-),  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of 
aduitor. 

adnltor  (aim-),  -iiisus  (-nixus), 
-ti,  [ad-nitor  j,  3.  v.  a.,  struggle  to, 
towards,  or  against,  lean  against, 
support  one's  self  by,  lean  on  :  cu- 
bito. —  Fig.,  struggle  for,  strive, 
exert  one's  self. 

acini x us  (aim-),  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
adnitor. 

adiiu  (aim-),  -avi-,  -atum,  -are, 
[ad-no],  i.  v.  a.,  swim  to,  float  to  : 
terrae. 

admin,  -ul,  -Stum,  -uere,  [ad- 
nuo],  3.  v.  n.  and  a.,  nod  to,  nod. 
— Act.,  indicate  by  a  nod,  nod{  with 
inf.) .  —  Neut.,  nod  assent,  assent, 
agree:  petenti. — With  inL,  grant, 
permit,  vellere  signa.  —  So  of  ap- 
proval, approve,  favor:  audacibus 
coeptis. — promise  (by  a  nod). 

adoleo,  -ui,  -ultum,  -ere,  [ad- 
oleo],  2.  v.  a.  (jadd  by  growth  ;  cf. 
adolesco). —  Fig.,  magnify  (in 
religious  language),  sacrifice  to  : 
flammis  adolere  Penatis.  — 
Transferred,  burn,  kindle,  light, 
sacrifice  :  verbenas  pinguis  ; 
honores  ;  altaria  taedis. 

adolesco  (adul-),  -evi,  (-ul), 
-ultum,  -ere,[ad-olesco],  3.  v.  n., 
grow  up,  mature :  prima  aetas. 
—  Fig.  (relig.  term),  be  kindled, 
burn,  flame :  ignibus  arae.  — 
adultus,  p.p.,  groivn  up,  mature, 
full  grown,  adult :  fetus. 

Adonis,  -is,  (-idis),  [Gr.  *A5o>i/, 
'ASco^is],  m.,  a  youth  beloved  by 
Venus.  Pie  was  changed  by  her 
into  a  flower,  and  supposed  to  be 
mourned  by  her  at  a  yearly  sacred 
day  in  spring. 

adoperio,  -erul,  -ertum,  -ire,  [ad- 
operio],  4.  v.  a.,  cover  over,  cover. 

adopertus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ado- 
perio. 

adoreus  (-ins),  -a,  -um,  [ador  + 
eus],  adj.,  of  spelt  (a  peculiar  ce- 
real used  by  the  Romans  as  food, 
Triticum  spelta)  :  liba. 

adorior,  -ortus,  -Iri,  (cf.  orior), 
[ad-orior],  4.  v.  dep.,  rise  up 


against  (perhaps  from  ambush), 
attack.  —  Less  exactly,  accost.  — 
Fig.,  enter  upon,  take  up,  under- 
take, attempt,  essay  (with  inf.). 

adoro,  -avi,  -at urn,  -are,  [ad-oro], 
I.  v.  a.,  pray  to,  worship,  adore. 
—  Less  exactly,  beg,  intreat,  im- 
plore :  vos  adoro. 

adortus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  adorior. 

adpareo  (app-),  -ul,  -itum,  -ere, 
[ad-pareo],  2.  v.  n.,  appear  at 
some  place,  appear.  —  Fig.,  be  visi- 
ble, manifest,  evident,  apparent. 

adparo  (app-),  -avi,  -alum,  -are, 
[ad-paro],  i.  v.  a.,  prepare  for, 
make  ready  for,  put  in  order,  pro- 
vide. —  Fig.,  prepare,  be  ready, 
make  ready,  be  about  (with  inf.). 

1 .  adpello  (app-),  -puli,  -pulsum, 
-pcllere,  [ad-pello],  3.  v.  a.,  drive, 
move,  bring  to  or  towards.  —  With 
navem  (or  alone),  bring  to  land, 
land. 

2.  adpello    (app-),  -avi,    -atum, 
-are,  [akin  to  I.  adpello,  but  diff. 
formation],  I.  v.  a.,  address,  speak 
to,  accost  (cf.  adgredior) .  —  name, 
call,  hail:  Acesten  victorem. 

adpeto  (app-),  -IvI  or  -ii,  -itum, 
-ere,  [ad-peto],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,fall 
upon,  attack,  assail :  ferro  cae- 
lestia  corpora. 

adplico  (app-), -avi  or  -ui,  -atum 
or  -itum,  -are,  [ad-plico],  i .  v.  a. 
and  n.  (fold  upoti),  join, fix,  fas- 
ten, attach,  gird  on  :  ensem.  — 
Fig.,  drive,  force,  bring  to  (nauti- 
cal term). 

adpouo  (app-),  -posui,  -positum, 
-ponere,  [ad-pono],  3.  v.  a.,/«/, 
place  at,  beside,  or  near,  serve  up, 
serve,  stipply  (of  food)  :  pabula 
(for  bees). 

adquiro  (ac-),  slvl,  situm,  rere, 
[ad-quaero],  3.  v.  a.,  get  or  pro- 
cure in  addition,  add  to,  acquire  : 
viresque  adquirit  eundo. 

Adrastus,  -I,  [Gr.  "ASpao-ros],  m.,  a 
king  of  Argos,  father-in-law  of 
Tydeus. 

adrectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  adrigo. 

adreptus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  adripio. 


IO 


Vocabulary. 


Adriacus,  -a,-um;  see  Hadriacus. 

adrigo  (arr-),  -rexi,  -rectum, 
-rigere,  [ad-rego],  3.  v.  a.,  set  up, 
raise,  erect :  leo  comas ;  adrectus 
in  digitos  (rising  on) ;  currus 
(tipped  up,  with  the  poles  in  the 
air)  ;  aures  (prick  up}  ;  adrectis 
auribus  (listening) ;  adrecti  oculi 
(staring). —  Fig.,  rouse,  excite: 
animum  (encourage}. 

adripio  (arr-),  -ripui,  -reptum, 
-rlpere,  [ad-rapio] ,  3.  v.  a.,  snatch, 
catch,  seize,  grasp :  hanc  terram 
veils  (make  for). 

adscendo  (asc-),  -scendl,  -scen- 
s u in,  -scendere,  [ad-scando], 
3.  v.  n.  and  a.,  ascend,  mount  up, 
climb:  collem. 

1.  adscensus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ad- 
scendo. 

2.  adscensus,  -us,  [ad-fscansus], 
m.  ascending,  ascent. 

adscio  (asc-),  no  perf.,  no  sup., 
-scire,  [ad-scio],  4.  v.  a.,  take  to 
one's  self,  receive,  admit. 

adsclsco  (asc-),  adscivi,  adsci- 
tum,  adsciscere,  [ad-fscisco], 
3.  v.  a.  inch.,  receive,  admit,  adopt. 
—  Fig.,  take  or  draw  to  one's  self, 
receive,  take,  adopt,  appropriate. 

i.adsensus  (ass-),  -a,  -urn,  p.p. 
of  assent  iu  and  assent  ior. 

2.  adseusus  (ass-),  -us,  [ad-sen- 
sus],  m.,  an  assenting,  assent, 
agreement,  approval,  assent  to  or 
belief  in  any  thing.  —  Esp.  (with 
expression),  assent,  approbation, 
sign  of  assent.  —  Fig.,  echo  (as 
answering  in  accord). 

adsentio  (ass-),  -sensi,  -sensum, 
sentire,  [ad-sentio],  4.  v.  n.  (think 
in  accordance  with),  assent,  give 
assent,  approve.  Also  deponent. 

adservo  (ass-),  -avi,  -atum,  -are, 
[ad-servo],  r.  v.  a.  (watch  over), 
guard  with  care,  preserve,  protect, 
defend.  —  In  hostile  sense,  guard, 
watchjover,  keep  in  custody. 

adsldeo  (ass-),  -sedi,  -sessum, 
-ere,  [ad-sedeo],  2.  v.  a.  and  n.,  sit 
by  or  near.  —  Act.,  besiege,  belea- 
guer :  muros  hostis. 


adsidue  (ass-),  adv.  [abl.  of  ad- 
siduus],  continually,  constantly, 
incessantly,  persistently. 

adsiduus,  -a,  -urn,  [ad-fsiduus 
(  Y/sed  +  uus)],  adj.  (sitting  by}. 
Fig.,  permanent,  constant,  increas- 
ing, perpetual,  incessant :  sal  (of 
the  waves)  ;  voces ;  fuligo. 

adsimilis  (ass-),  -e,  [ad-similia], 
adj.,  like,  resembling,  similar. 

adsimulo(ass-), -avi, -atum, -are, 
[ad-simulo],  I.  v.  a.  (make  like}, 
compare,  liken. —  copy,  imitate. — 
counterfeit:  clipeum  divini  capi- 
tis ;  formam  adsimulata  Camerti 
(assuming  the  form). 

adsisto  (as-),  -titi,  no  sup.,  -sis- 
tere,  [ad-sisto],  3-v.  n.,  stand  at, 
by,  or  near  :  super  (stand  over} . 

adspecto,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ad- 
specto],  I.  v.  a.  intens.,  gaze  at 
(with  some  emotion).  —  Fig.,  of  a 
place,  look  towards,  look  out  on,  lie 
towards,  lie  opposite. 

1.  adspectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ad- 
spiclo. 

2.  adspectus  (asp-), -us,  [ad-spec- 
tus],  m.     Act.,  a  seeing,  looking 
at;  a  glance,  look;  the  faculty  or 
sense  of  seeing,  sight. —  Pass.,  visi- 
bility,   appearance.  —  Of    things, 
appearance,  look. 

adspergo  (asp-),  -ersi,  -ersum, 
-ergere,[ad-spargo],  3.  v.  ^scat- 
ter, cast,  strew,  spread:  pecori 
virus.  —  Less  exactly,  strew,  sprin- 
kle about :  sapores. — Transferred, 
bestrew,  strew  (with  something), 
sprinkle,  bedew. 

adspergo  (aspargo),  -Inls,  [ad- 
tspargo-  (Vsparg  +  o)],  f.,  a 
sprinkling,  besprinkling. — Concr., 
drops,  spray. 

adspernor, -atus, -arl,  [ad-(or  ab- ) 
spernor],  I.  v.  dep.  (spurn  from 
one's  self}. —  Fig.,  disdain,  reject, 
despise :  baud  adspernanda  (not 
to  be  despised,  not  despicable}. 

adspersus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ad- 
spergo. 

adspicio  (asp-),  -exi,  -ectum, 
-icere,  [ad-specio],  3.  v.  a.  and 


Vocabulary. 


II 


n.,  look  upon  or  at,  behold,  see.  — 
Esp.,  look  with  respect,  admiration, 
or  regard ' :  aspice  nos  (regard}. 
—  Neut.,  look,  glance  :  aspice  ! 
(seef).  —  Act.,  catch  sight  of,  espy. 

adspiro  (asp-),  -avi,  -atum,  -are, 
[ad-spiro],  i.  v.  n.  and  a.  Neut., 
breathe  or  blow  to  or  upon :  Auster 
in  altum.  —  Fig.,  be  favorable, 
assist,  smile  on  :  labori.  —  Of 
winds,  l>/ow :  aurae  in  noctem 
(blow  on  into  the  night).  —  aspire 
to  :  equis  Achillis  (poet.  dat.  for 
ad).  —  Act.,  breathe  something  up- 
on :  ventos  eunti  (of  Juno). — 
Fig.,  canenti  (inspire).  —  infuse, 
instil,  impart :  dictis  amorem.  — 
Of  odors :  amaracus  (breathe  its 
fragrance) . 

adsto  (ast-),  -stiti,  -stitum, -are, 
[ad-sto],  I.  v.  n.,  stand  at,  by,  or 
near:  adstitit  oris  (reached}, — 
Less  exactly,  stand  up,  stand  out. 

adstriiigo  (ast-),  -iiixi,  -ictuni, 
-ingere,  [ad-stringo],  3.  v.  a., 
bind,  tie,  or  fasten,  to,  bind. 

adsuesco  (ass-),  -evi,  -etuin, 
-escere,  [ad-suesco],  3.  v.  a.  and 
n.,  accustom  to  :  ne  tanta  animis 
adsuescite  bella  {become  accus- 
tomed in  your  thoughts).  —  Neut., 
become  accustomed,  be  wont  (with 
inf.). —  Pass.,  be  accustomed  or 
habituated:  silvis. 

adsuetus  (ass-),  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
adsuesco. 

adsultus,  -us,  [ad-saltus],  m.,  a 
bounding  towards.  —  an  attack, 
assault. 

adsuiu(ass-),  -fui  (aff-),  -fu turns 
(aff-),  -esse,  [ad-sum],  be  at, 
near,  or  by,  be  here,  be  there,  be  in, 
be  present :  coram  adest  (is  here 
before  you). —  Esp.,  with  idea  of 
assisting  (cf.  "stand  by"),  aid, 
assist,  defend,  favor.  —  In  special 
sense,  come  (and  be  present),  ap- 
proacly  hue  ades  {come  hither} . 

adsurgo  (ass-),  -rexi,  -reetum, 
-gere,  [ad-surgo],  3.  v.  n.,  rise 
up,  lift  one's  self  up.  —  Esp.,  rise 
up  out  of  respect,  pay  respect, 


(fig.),  yield  the  palm  to. — Of  things, 
mount  or  rise  in  height,  increase 
in  size,  stand  (of  high  objects)  : 
turres. — rise  (in  the  heavens): 
Orion.  —  rise  up  in  or  for  some- 
thing :  querelis  (break  out  in) .  — 
Of  degree,  increase,  rise  :  irae. 

adulter,  -era,  -erum,  [ad-ulter ; 
cf.  ultra,  etc.],  ad].(going  beyond, 
abroad,  with  special  sense  of  il- 
licit love).  —  Masc.,  a  paramour. 

adulteriuin,  -i,  [adulter  +  ium, 
n.  of  -ius],  n.,  adultery. 

adult  us,  -a, -urn,  part. of  adolcsco. 

aclinic  us,  -a,  -um,  [ad-uncus], 
adj.,  hooked  towards  one,  curved 
inward:  rostrum.  —  Less  exactly, 
curved  upwards. 

adiiro,  -ussi,  -ustum,  -ere,  [ad- 
uro],  3.  v.  a.,  burn  into,  scorch, 
singe,  parch,  dry  up.  —  From  simi- 
lar effect,  nip,  freeze,  bite  (with 
frost) . 

ad  usque ;  see  ad  and  usque. 

advectus,  -a,  -nin,  p.p.  of  adveho. 

adveho,  -vexi,  -vectum,  -ere,  [ad- 
veho], 3.  v.  a.,  carry  to,  convey, 
bear :  advecta  classis  (by  the 
winds).  —  Pass.,£0  by  any  convey- 
ance, ride,  sail,  arrive,  reach.  — 
With  reflexive  (rarely  alone),  go 
to,  arrive,  reach. 

advelo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ad- 
velo],  I.  v.  a.,  cover  over,  wrap, 
encircle, surround,  deck  :  tempera 
lauro. 

advena,  -ae,  [ad-fvena ;  cf.  ad- 
venio],  m.,  one  who  arrives,  a 
stranger,  foreigner,  new-comer, 
chance-comer.  —  In  adj.  sense, for- 
eign :  exercitus. 

advenio,  -veni,-venttim,-ire,  [ad- 
venio],  4.  v.  n.,  come  to,  arrive  at, 
arrive,  reach  :  Tyriam  urbem. 

advento,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ad- 
vento],  I.  v.  n.,  come  to  often,  fre- 
quent.— Less  exactly,  come,  arrive. 

adventus,  -us,  [ad-fventus ;  cf. 
eveiitus],  m.,  a  coming  to,  arri- 
val, approach,  coming. 

adversatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ad- 
versor. 


12 


Vocabulary. 


adversor,  -at  us, -ai-i,  [ad-versor], 
I.  v.  dep.,  turn  or  act  against,  op- 
pose, resist,  withstand ' :  non  ad- 
versata  petenti  {refusing). 

adversus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  adverto. 

adversus,  prep. ;  see  adverto. 

adverto,  -verti,  -versum,  -ere, 
[ad-verto],  3.  v.  a.  —  Act.,  turn 
towards  or  against:  pedem  ripae. 
—  Pass.,  or  with  reflexive,  (urn,  di- 
rect one's  course.  —  Less  exactly, 
direct,  steer,  sail :  classem  in  por- 
tum. —  Fig.,  turn,  direct :  numen 
mails.  —  With  anlmum  or  animo 
{turn  the  mind  or  turn  with  the 
mind'),  notice,  recognize,  attend  to, 
give  heed,  heed,  give  ear  (with  or 
without  object) :  animis  advertite 
vestris.  —  adversus,  -a,  -uin, 
p.p.,  turned  towards,  facing,  in 
front  •  obluctus  adversae  arenae 
{against  the  sand) ;  sol  adversus 
(opposite};  flumine  (up  a  river}. 
—-Also,  opposing,  unfavorable*,  hos- 
tile, adverse  :  venti  adversi.  — 
in  adversum,  adv.,  against.  — 
adversus,  as  prep,  with  ace., 
against. 

advoco,  -avi,  -at u in,  -are,  [ad- 
voco],  I.  v.  a.,  call  to  one,  sum- 
mon. —  Less  exactly,  call  to  one's 
aid,  call  for  :  arma. 

advolo,  -avi,  -alum,  -are,  [ad- 
volo] ,  fly  to,  come  flying  :  fania. 

advolvo,  -volvi,  -volutus,  -ere, 
[ad-volvo],  3.  v.  a.,  roll  to  or 
to-Mards,  roll  up  :  ulmos. 

adytum,  -i,  [Gr.  &SUTOV  (unap- 
proacha/>lej],-n.,  the  sanctuary  of  a 
temple,  inner  shrine  whence  ora- 
cles were  delivered.  —  Less  exactly, 
of  a  tomb  as  a  temple  of  the  Ma- 
nes: ex  imis  adytis  (recesses). 

Aearides,  -ae,  [Gr.  patronymic], 
m.,  son  ofsEacus  (Achilles  and  his 
son  1'yrrhus,  and  Perseus). 

Aeaeus,  -a,  -uin,  adj.,  of  *-Ka,  an 
island  of  the  river  Phasis,  in 
Colchis. 

aedes,  -Is,  f.  [cf.  aestas,  and  aWos, 
Jire],  (lit.,  fireplace},  temple.  — 
Plur.,  apartments,  house:  cavae 


aedes   (the   interior  rooms).     So 
of  bees,  hive,  home. 

aedifico,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [faedi- 
fic-,  cf.  opifex],  I.  v.  a.,  be  a 
house-builder,  build.  —  Less  exact- 
ly, of  other  things,  construct  : 
equum. 

Aegaeon,  -onis,  [Gr.  AfyaiW],  in. 
a  giant,  callejd  also  Briareus,  who 
attempted  to  scale  the  heavens. 

Aegaeus  (-eus),  -a,  -uin,  adj.  [Gr. 
Afycuoy],  Aegean  (i.e.  of  the  .  Kgc- 
an  Sea,  between  Greece  and  Asia 
Minor):  Neptunus.  —  Neut., with 
or  without  mare,  the  Aegean  Sea. 

aeger,  -gra,  -grum,  adj.,  (-rior, 
-rimus),  [unc.  root  +  rus],  sick, 
weak,  ill,  suffering,  weary,  worn, 
feeble.  —  Fig.,  sick  at  heart,  troub- 
led, sad,  dispirited,  dejected :  mor- 
tales.  —  Transferred,  feeble,  sad, 
sorrowful,  unfortunate :  anheli- 
tus ;  amor.  _ 

Aegeria,  see  Kgeria. 

aegis,  -idis,  [Gr.  aiyis~],  f.,  the  icgis 
(shield  or  breastplate)  of  Zeus, 
worn  also  by  Pallas. 

Aegle,  -es,  [Gr.  AfyArj],  f.,  a  Naiad. 

Aegon,  -oiiis,  [Gr.  Alyocv],  m.,  a 
shepherd. 

aegre  [abl.  of  aeger],  adv.,  weakly, 
with  difficulty,  hardly,  scarcely. 

aegreseo,  -ere,  [faegre-  (stem  of 
aegreo)  +  sco],  3.  v.  &., grow  sick, 
sicken.  —  Fig.,  grow  worse,  in- 
crease :  violentia  Turni. 

Aegyptius,  -a,  -uin,  [Gr.  Aiywr- 
TIOS],  adj.,  of  Egypt,  Egyptian  : 
coniunx  (Cleopatra,  called  wife 
of  Antony). 

At'gyptus,  -i,  [Gr.  Afyyirros],  f., 
Egypt. 

Aemoiiides,  see  Haemonides. 

arm uhis  -a,  -uin,  [faemo  +  lus, 
cf.  imitor],  adj.  In  good  sense, 
vying  with,  emulating,  rivalling: 
patriae  laudis.  —  In  bad  sense, 
envious,  jealous,  grudging :  Tri- 
ton.—  Transf.,  of  tilings,  grudg- 
ing: senectus. 

rs,    -ae,    [Gr.    patronymic 
from  Aeneas],  m.,  descendant  of 


Vocabulary. 


s.  —  Plur.,  the  Trojans,  his 
companions. 

Aeneas,  -ae,  [Gr.  AiWas],  m.,  the 
hero  of  the  /Eneid.  See  Silvius. 

Aeneis,  -idis,  [adj.  of  Gr.  form],f., 
the  sEneiii,  Virgil's  great  epic. 

Aeiiei'us,  -a,  -um,  [borrowed  or 
imitated  form  from  Gr.  adj.],  adj., 
belonging  to  ALneas,  of  sEneas. 

Aenldes,  -ae,  m.,  son  of  sEneas. 

acniis  (ahe-),  -a,  -um,  [aes+nus], 
adj.,  of  copper  or  bronze,  copper, 
bronze :  falces ;  lux  (such  as 
bronze  gives). — Neut.,  copper  or 
bronze  kettle,  kettle :  litore  aena 
locant. 

Aeolides,  -ac,  [Gr.  patronymic 
from  Aeolus],  m.,  son  of  ALolus. — 
Esp.,  Sisyphus,  Ulysses  (as  the  son 
of  Sisyphus). — -Surname  of  Cly- 
tius,  a  warrior  under  Turnus. — Sur- 
name of  Misenus  (perhaps  as  son 
of  2.  /Eoius). 

Aeolins,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Al6\ios,  from 
AWA.os],  adj.,  belonging  to  ^Eolus. 
—  Fern.,  ^olia,  the  country  of 
the  winds,  a  group  of  islands  off 
the  Italian  coast  (now  Lipari 
Islands}. 

Aeolus,  -I,  [Gr.  AlfoAos],  m. :  I.  The 
god  of  the  winds ;  2.  A  companion 
of  .-Eneas. 

aeqnaevus  (-os),  -a,  -um  (-om), 
[faequo-aevo  (stem  of  aevum)], 
adj.,  of  equal  age. 

aequalis,  -e,  [faequo  (reduced)+ 
alis],  adj.,  even,  equal,  of  like  size : 
corpus.  —  Of  degree  of  amount, 
&c.,  like,  equal :  aevum. —  In  age, 
coeval,  of  same  age  :  catervae.  — 
Masc.,  comrade,  crony. 

aequatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  aequo. 

aeque  (-ins,  -issime),  [abl.  of 
aequus],  adv.,  evenly,  equally, 
justly. 

Aequi,  see  Faliscus. 

Aequiculus,  -a,  -um,  [fAequico  + 
lus],  adj.,  sEquian,  belonging  to 
the  /Ei/uj.  (a  people  of  Italy). 

aequiparo,  -avi,  -atiim,  -are, 
[faequo-par  (as if  fparo)],  i.v.a., 
make  equal.  —  equal,  match. 


aequo,  -avi,   -atum,  -are,   [fae- 

quo-],  I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  make  equal, 
equalize:  laborem  partibus  iustis 
(divide) ;  caeloaequatamachina 
(raised  to);  nocti  ludum  (pro- 
long through}  •  aequare  caelo 
(extol  to). —  equal:  ducem  va- 
dentem  (keep  pace  with)  ;  lacri- 
mis  labores  (do  justice  to). — 
acquatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.,  level, 
uniform,  even,  regular  :  aurae  ; 
aequatis  velis  (before  the  wind). 
aequor,  -oris,  [unc.  root  (in  ae- 
quus) +  or],  n.,  (the  level),  the 
smooth  sea.  —  Less  exactly,  the  sea, 
the  waves  :  pascentur  in  aequore 
cervi; — thesurfaceoi other  waters; 

—  also,  a  level  plain,  a  field. 
aequoreus,   -a,    -um,    [aequor  + 

eus],  adj.,  of  the  sea,  sea-,  -watery  : 
genus  (tribes  of  the  sea). 
aequus  (-os),  -a,  -um  (-om),(-ior, 
-Issimus),  [?],  adj.,  even,  equal, 
level.  —  Neut.,  a  plain,  a  level.  — 
Fig.,  fair,  equitable,  just,  impar- 
tial, kindly,  favorable :  oculi ;  ae- 
quo foedere  amantes  (with  re- 
quited love) ;  aequius  fuerat ; 
aequo  Marte  (on  equal  terms,  in 
a  drawn  battle)  ;  aer  (wholesome) . 

—  Neut.,  justice,  equity.  — Of  feel- 
ings,   calm,    unmoved,    tranquil, 
resigned:  sorti.  —  With  reference 
to  something  else  implied,  equal : 
pars  (to  the  other). 

aer,  -eris,  [Gr.  a?)p],  m.,  (he  air 
(nearer  the  earth  than  aether). 

—  Less    exactly,    cloud,    mist. — 
Poetically :  summus  .  .  .  arboris 
(the  top} . 

a  era  t  us,  -a,  -um,  [aes  (as  if  faera- ) 
-f  tus,  cf.  annatus],  adj.,  pro- 
vided with  bronze,  bronze  -  clad, 
bronze  -  plated  :  postes  ;  navis  ; 
acies  (mail-clad). 

aereus,  -a,  -urn,  [aes-  (r  for  s)  -f 
eus] ,  adj.,  brazen,  of  bronze,  bronze, 
copper  :  cornua.  —  Less  exactly, 
bronze-  or  coffer-clad :  clipeus. 

aeripes,  -edis,  [aes  (as  if  faeri) 
-pes],  adj.,  bronze-footed. 

aerius,  -a,  -um,  [aer  +  ius],  adj., 


Vocabulary. 


belonging  to  the  air,  aerial :  mel 
(from  heaven)  ;  palumbes  (of  the 
air}.  —  Less  exactly,  aerial,  lofty.: 
ulmus. 

aes,  aeris,  [?],  n.,  copper,  bronze 
(an  alloy  of  copper  and  tin). — 
Things  made  of  bronze,  trumpet, 
beak,  cymbals,  statues,  arms,  &c. 
—  Esp.,  money. 

aesculus  (esc-),  -I,  [faesco  (per- 
haps Y/ed  +  cus)  +  lus],  f.,  oak 
(of  a  particular  kind),  Quercus 
esculus. 

aestas,  -ails,  [stem  akin  to  aedes 
+  tas],  f.,  (heat),  summer,  sum- 
mer air. 

aestifer,  -era,  -erum,  [faestu 
(weakened)  -fer  (^/fer+us)], 
adj.,  heat-bringing,  burning,  hot. 

aestlvus,  -a,  -um,  [faestu  (re- 
duced) +  ivus],  adj.,  belonging  to 
heat  or  summer,  summer,  hot.  — 
N.  plur.  (sc.  castra),  a  summer 
camp.  —  Less  exactly,  a  summer 
pasture,  cattle  (in  pasture)'. 

aest  no,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [faes- 
tu-J,  I.  v.  n.,  be  hot,  boil,  be  aglow: 
ager.  —  be  heated,  heat,  be  fired  : 
umor.  —  From  similarity,  seethe, 
roll  in  waves,  ebb  and  flow  (cf. 
aestus,  tide),  fluctuate :  nebula 
specus  (be  filled  with  clouds  of 
smoke)  ;  gurges ;  in  corde  pudor. 

aestus,  -us,  [root  akin  to  aedes  + 
tus  (cf.  aestas)],  m.,  heat,  boil- 
ing, the  sun. —  From  similarity, 
tide,  sea,  waves,  roll  (of  fire),  surge. 

aetas,  -atis,  [faevo  +  tas],  f.,  age 
(young  or  old)  :  ambo  norentes 
aetatibus  ;  firmata  (mature). — 
Esp.,  old  age,  age.  —  Less  exactly, 
time,  lapse  of  time.  —  Fig.,  an  age, 
a  generation. 

aeternus,  -a,  -um,  [faevo  +  ter- 
nus,  cf.  hesternus],  adj.,  everlast- 
ing, eternal,  endttring,  immortal, 
nn living:  ignes ;  vulnus ;  im- 
peria.  —  Adv.  phr.,  in  aeternum, 
aeternum,  for  ever,  eternally, 
unceasingly. 

aether,  -eris,  [Gr.  aiftfip ;  same 
root  as  aestas],  m.,  the  upper  air 


(conceived  as  a  fiery  element), 
the  ether.  —  the  sky,  the  //. 
heaven.  —  the  atmosphere,  the  air, 
the  open  air  (opp.  to  the  lower 
world).  —  Personified,  the  Sky  (Ju- 
piter). 

aetherius,  -a,  -um,  [faether + ius], 
adj.,  belonging  to  the  ether  or  upper 
air,  heavenly,  celestial. — of  the  air, 
of  the  sky  :  plaga  ;  aura  (of  the 
air,  opp.  to  the  world  below). 

Aethiops,  -op!s,[Gr.  Ai0/ot//],  m.,  an 
Ethiopian  (inhabitant  of  Africa). 

Aethon,  -onis,  [Gr.  AW<av,  burn- 
ing'], m.,  (originally,  no  doubt,  a 
name  of  one  of  the  horses  of  the 
sun),  a  horse  of  Pallas. 

aethra,  -ae,  [Gr.  AWpa,  cf.  aether], 
f.,  clear  weather,  clear  sky. 

Aetna,  -ae,[Gr.  A.lrvri'],  f.,  Ml.  Etna, 
the  famous  volcano  in  Sicily  (now 
Monte  Gibello). 

Aetnaeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  AITI/OUOS], 
adj .,  belonging  to  Ml.  Etna,  of  Etna: 
fratres  (the  Cyclops).  —  Less  ex- 
actly, Etnaean,  Etna-like,  fire- 
belching :  ignes;  antra. 

Aetolia,  -ae,  (f.  of  adj.),  a  district 
of  Central  Greece  ;  see  Aetolus. 

Aetolus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  AiVwAtfc], 
adj.,  Aetolian,  of  Aetolia :  urbs 
(Arpi,  built  by  Diomedes). — Masc. 
plur.,  the  inhabitants  of  sEtolia, 
sEtolians. 

aevum,  -i,  [\/i  (increased)  +  vum 
(n.  of  -vus)],  n.,  age  (young  or 
old),  life:  integer  aevi  sanguis 
(fresh  blood  of  youth)  ;  aequum 
(the  same  age).  —  Esp.,  ol</  age, 
age.  —  Less  exactly,  any  season  or 
period  of  life.  —  an  age,  a  genera- 

_  tion  (in  both  senses  as  in  Eng.). 

Afer,  -fra,  -frum,  [?],  adj.,  Afri- 
can.—  Masc.  plur.,  the  Africans, 
inhabitants  of  Africa. 

art-,  see  atlf-. 

affore,  see  adsum. 

alt'iii,  etc.,  see  adsum. 

Africns,  -a,  -um,  [fafro  +  cus], 
adj.,  African.  —  Masc.,  the  .V.  \V. 
wind  (l)l(jwing  from  that  region). 
—  Fern.,  the  country  Africa. 


Vocabulary. 


Agamcmnonius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr. 
' \yafj.ffj.v6vtos"] ,  adj.,  of  Agamem- 
non :  phalanges  (the  forces  under 
him  at  Troy). 

Aganippe,  -es,  [Gr. ' A-yew'irirTj] ,  f., 
a  fountain  in  Boeotia,  a  favorite 
resort  of  the  Muses. 

Agathyrsus,  -a,  -uni,  [Gr.  "Aya- 
OvpiTos],  adj.  Only  in  plur.,  a  peo- 
ple in  Scythia. 

age,  see  ago. 

agellus,  -i,  [dim.  fagro  +  lus],  m., 
a  little  field  QI  farm. 

Agenor,  -oris,  [Gr.  '  \yT]v<ap],  m.,  a 
king  of  Phoenicia,  father  of  Cad- 
mus and  ancestor  of  Dido. 

ager,  -ri,  [^/ag  +  rus,  cf.  acre], 
m.,  afield.  —  Plur.,totisturbatur 
agris.  —  Collectively,  land,  soil. 

agger,  -eris,[cf.  adgero],m.,  («//*«/ 
is  heaped  up),  a  mound,  heap, 
levee,  dyke,  rampart,  wall:  Alpini 
(the  Alps) ;  viae  (the  bed}  ;  tumu- 
li. —  Less  exactly,  a  drift  of  snow. 

aggero,  3.  v.  a.,  see  adgero. 

aggero,  -avi,  -atuni,  -are,  [fag- 
ger],  I.  v.  a.,  heap  up,  pile  up: 
cadavera. — Y\g., gather,  increase  : 
iras. 

agglomero,  see  adglomero. 

aggredior,  see  adgredior. 

Agis,  -idis,  [Gr.'A7ir],  m.,  a  Lycian 
warrior. 

agito,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fagito, 
as  if  p.  of  ago],  I.  v.  a.  Freq. 
of  ago,  drive  violently  or  fre- 
quently. —  hunt,  pursue.  —  drive, 
tend.  —  Fig.,  rouse,  move,  drive  : 
gentes.  —  trouble,  vex,  pursue, 
drive  mad  (esp.  of  the  Furies), 
persecute.  —  Of  abstract  things, 
engage  in,  pursue,  press  on  in  : 
fugam.  — pass,  spend  :  aevum.  — 
consider,  revolve,  meditate,  be 
moved :  mens  agitat  (with  inf., 
is  moved  to) . 

agitator,  -oris,  [fagitfi  +  tor],  m., 
a  driver,  charioteer. 

agitatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  agito. 

agnu'ii,  -inis,  [  Y/ag  +  men],  n., 
a  driving,  a  inarch,  line  of  inarch, 
course,  flow  (of  a  stream) ,  falli ng, 


fall  (of  rain),  movement  (of  oars). 
—  The  thing  which  moves,  band, 
army,  throng, flock:  turba agmi- 
nis  aligeri.  —  Phrase,  agmine 
facto,  in  column  (of  attack). 

agna,  -ae,  [cf.  agnus,  m.],  f.,  a  ewe- 
lamb. 

agnosco,  see  adgnosco. 

agnus,  -I,  [cf.  agna,  f.],  m.,  a  lamb. 

ago,  egi,  actum,  -ere,  [x/ag], 
3.  v.  a.,  drive,  lead,  drive  away. 

—  Of  living  beings :  capellas ;  ali- 
quem  pelago  (force  upon)  ;  acti 
fatis  ;  metus  agit  (inspires).— 
pursue,  chase:  apros.  —  With  re- 
flexive (or  without)  :  proceed,  move, 
go. — Imp.,  age,  agite,  come,  come 
on  .  —  Fig. :    Lucifer    diem   age 
(bring  in)  ;   ratem  (steer) ;  nox 
acta  horis.  —  Of  things :  tempes- 
tates    actae    (driving)  ;     venis 
acta    sitis    (coursing    through) ; 
pinus  ad  sidera  acta  (towering 
up) ;  sepalmes  &gii(/>ursfs forth); 
undam  (roll) ;  vias  (traverse) ; 
testudo  acta  (worked,  formed). 

—  With    inf.,    urge,    impel.  —  Of 
acts,    do,    act,   perform :    id    ago 
(aim  at);    gemitum   (raise). — 
Of  time,  pass,  spend.  —  nullo  dis- 
crimine  agetur  (shall  be  treated) . 

agrestis,  -e,  [unc.  stem  (prob.  in  t, 
cf.  eques)  +  tis  (cf.  Carmen- 
tis)],  adj.,  (of  the  field),  belonging 
to  the  country  (as  opposed  to  the 
town),  country,  rustic,  woodland  : 
calamus.  —  Masc.  and  fern.,  a  rus- 
tic, a  countryman.  —  Less  exactly, 
rough,  rude,  wild:  poma. 

agrieola,  -ae,  [fagro-fcola,  cf.  in- 
cola],  m.,  cultivator  of  the  land, 
husbandman,  farmer. 

Agrippa,  -ae,  [  ?],  m.,  M.  Vipsanius 
Agrippa,  son-in-law  of  Augustus, 
and  his  most  distinguished  general 
and  supporter. 

Agyllinus,  -a,  -um,  [Agylla  (re- 
duced) +  Tnus],  adj.,  of  Agylla  (a 
town  in  Etruria,  more  commonly 
known  by  its  later  name  Caere, 
now  Cervetri).  —  Masc.  plur.,  its 
inhabitants,  people  of  Agylla. 


r6 


Vocabulary. 


ah  (a),  interj.  (chiefly  of  surprise, 
but  used  also  in  many  other  states 
of  mind),  ah,  oh. 
ah  en  us,  see  aenus. 
Aiax,  -acis,  [dialectic  or  corrupted 
form  of  Alas,  -VTOS],  m.,  Ajax, 
name  of  two  heroes  of  the  Trojan 
war:  i.  Telamonius,  son  of  Tela- 
mon  and  brother  of  Teucer,  who 
contended  with  Ulysses  for  the  arm 
of  Achilles  ;  2.  O'tleus,  a  less  dis- 
tinguished warrior,  son  of  Oileus. 
He  offered  violence  to  Cassandra, 
and  was  punished  by  Pallas. 

aio  [perhaps  -v/ag,  cf.  nego],  v. 
defect.,  only  pres.  stem,  say,  speak. 
—  Esp.,  say  yes,  affirm  (opp.  to 
nego) .  —  aiunt,  (hey  say. 

ala,  -ae,  [perhaps  for  faxla,  cf. 
axilla],  f.,  a  wing.  —  the  -wing  of 
an  army,  cavalry  (as  the  cavalry 
originally  formed  the  wings). — 
riders  in  a  hunt,  huntsmen. 

alacer  (-crls),  -cris,  -ere,  [?], 
(-crlor,  -cerrimus),  adj.,  active, 
lively,  quick.  —  eager.  — joyous, 
happy,  cheerful.  —  Transf.,  lively, 
eager  :  voluptas. 

iilatus,  -a,  -um,  [tala  +  tus  (cf. 
annatus,  arrno)],  adj.,  winged. 

Alba,  -ae,  [f.  of  albus,  the  white 
town'],  {.,  Alba  Longa  (the  sup- 
posed mother  city  of  Rome). 

Albanus,  -a,  -um,  [albii  +  nus], 
adj.,  Alban,  belonging  to  Alba. — 
Masc.,  Ml.  Albanus. 

albco,  -ere,  no  perf.  nor  sup., 
[falbo-],  2.  v.  n.,  be  white  :  campi 
ossibus. 

albeseo,  -ere,  no  perf.  nor  sup., 
[falbe  -(stem  of  albeo)  +  sco], 
3.  v.  n.,  grow  white,  whiten,  gleam  : 
fluctus;  lux  (if aw  it). 

Albulus,  -a,  -um,  [falbo  -f  lus], 
adj.,  dim.,  white.  —  Albula,  f., 
ancient  name  of  the  Tiber,  from 
the  yellow  paleness  of  its  water. 

Albiiiiea,  -ae,  [f.  of  falbuim-  (fr. 
albus)  -f  eus],  f.,  a  fountain  at 
Tibur  (Tivoli)  in  a  sacred  grove. 
—  Also,  the  grove  itself  (?). 

Al biirinis,  -i,  [?],  m.,  a  mountain 


in  Lucania  (now  Monte  di  Posti- 
glione) . 

albus,  -a, -um,  [cf.  &\c/>os],adj.,  (no 
comparison),  pale  while  (opp.  to 
ater,  dull  black,  cf.  raiididus, 
shining  white):  ligustra;  scopuli 
ossibus. —  Neut.  (as  subst.),?.'/;?'/,-. 

Alexander,  -dri,  m.,  a  companion 
of  /Eneas. 

Alcanor,  -oris,  m. :  I.  a  Trojan, 
father  of  Pandarus ;  2.  a  Latin. 

Alcathous,  -oi,  [Gr.  'AA*co0oor],  m., 
a  companion  of  ./Eneas. 

Alcides,  -ae,  [Gr.  'A\/c«»5jjr],  m., 
descendant  of  Aloeus. —  Esp.,  a 
name  of  Hercules,  his  grandson. 

Alclmedon,  -ontis,  [Gr.  'AAKi/ie- 
5o»/],  m.,  a  famous  wood-carver, 
mentioned  only  by  Virgil. 

Alclnous,  -oi,  [Gr.  'AA/c/i/oos],  m., 
king  of  the  Phoeacians  (Corf if), 
whose  gardens  became  proverbial. 

Alcippe,  -es,  [Gr.  'AAKh-jrr;],  f.,  a 
female  slave. 

Alcon,  -onls,  [Gr.  *A.\KUV~\,  m.,  a 
Cretan  bowman. 

alcyon,  -onis,  [Gr.  aXKvciv],  f.,  the 
kingfisher,  halcyon. 

Alcyone,  -es,  [Gr.  ' A.\Kv6vrj'] ,  f.,  a 
woman  who  with  her  husband  Ceyx 
was  changed  by  Thetis  into  a  king- 
fisher. 

Alecto,  see  Allecto. 

ales,  -itis,  [ala  (weakened)  +  tua 
(reduced)],  adj.,  winged.  —  Subst., 
a    bird:    Jovis     (the    eagle). — 
Transf.,  sivift,  winged :  Auster. 

Alesus,  see  Halacsus. 

Aletes,  -Is,  [Gr.  'AATJTTJS],  m.,  a 
companion  of  /Eneas. 

Alexis,  -is,  [Gr.  'AAffir],  m.,  a  beau- 
tiful slave,  loved  by  the  shepherd 
Corydon. 

alga,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  seaweed. 

alias  [unc.  case-form  of  alius],  adv., 
els&vhere.  —  Of  time,  at  another 
time  :  non  alias  (never  before,  or 
again). 

alibi  [dat.  or  loc.  of  alius,  cf.  ibt], 
adv.,  in  another  place,  else-Mhere. 

alirmis,  -a,  -um,  [unc.  stem  (akin 
to  alius)  +  nus],  adj.,  belonging  to 


Vocabulary. 


another,  of  another,  another''! : 
volnus  (meant  for  another}. — 
strange,  foreign  :  custos ;  arva ; 
menses  (unusual).  —  Masc.,  a 
stranger. 

aliger,  -era,  -erum,  [fala  (weak- 
ened) +  ger  (  Vger  +  U3)]>  acU-> 
wing-bearing,  winged. 

alio  [old  dat.  of  alias,  cf.  eo],  adv., 
elsewhither,  to  another  place,  in 
another  direction. 

alipes,  -edis,  [ala  (weakened)  + 
pes],  adj.,  with  winged  feet,  'ann^- 
footcd.  —  Masc.,  a  horse  (as  swift 
of  foot). 

aliqua  [ahl.  f.  of  aliquis,  cf.  qua], 
adv.,  by  some  way,  in  some  way, 
somehow. 

aliqui,  see  aliquis. 

aliquando  [fali-quando,  cf.  ali- 
quis and  quaiido],  adv.,  at  some 
time  (indef.  affirmative),  some  time, 
ever,  once,  formerly,  hereafter.  — 
Emphatically,  at  last,  at  length. 

aliquis(qul),  -qua,  -quid(quod), 
indef.  adj.  (and  subst.)  [fali- 
quis],  some,  some  one  (indef.  affir- 
mative, cf.  quisquam  with  neg.). 
—  Neut.,  something.  —  With  si 
and  relative  words,  any,  any  one, 
anything. 

aliquot  [fali-quot],  indec.  adj., 
several,  a  number,  a  few  (affir- 
matively, cf.  panel,  only  a  few). 

aliter  [fali  +  ter,  cf.  forti-ter], 
adv.,  otherwise  :  baud  aliter  (just 
so). 

alitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  alo. 

;il  it  u urn,  irr.  gen.  plu.of  ales,  from 
another  stem  alitu- ;  see  ales. 

alius,  -a,  -urn,  -ins,  (stem  alio, 
often  ali),  [y'al  +  ius,  cf.  aAAoj 
for  aAyos] ,  other  (not  all,  cf.  ceteri, 
the  rest),  another,  some  other  (of 
many,  cf.  alter,  of  two)  :  haec 
inter  alias  urbes.  —  Esp.,  alius 
.  .  .  alius  (one  .  .  .  another} ;  alii 
pars  (some  .  .  .  another  part}. — 
Usually  agreeing  with  its  noun, 
rarely  with  partitive  or  equivalent 
construction :  aliud  mercedis  (a 
different  reward). 


allabor,  see  adlabor. 

Allecto,  -us,  [Gr.  'AAij/crti],  f.,  a 
Fury. 

Allia,  -ae,  f.,  a  river  near  Rome, 
famous  for  a  defeat  of  the  Romans 
by  the  Gauls. 

alligo,  see  adligo. 

allium  (al-),  -I  (-11),  [?],  n.,  gar- 
lic.—  Also  plur.,  same  sense. 

alloquor,  see  adloquor. 

allfido,  see  adludo. 

alluo,  see  adluo. 

Almo,  -orris,  m.,  a  Latin,  son  of 
Tyrrhus. 

alinus,  -a,  -um,  [  -^/al  +  mus],  adj., 
nourishing,  fostering,  bountiful : 
Ceres ;  ager ;  vitis.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, propitious,  kind,  kindly,  re- 
freshing. 

alnus,  -I,  [cf.  al-der~\,  f.,  alder.  — 
a  vessel  or  boat  (made  of  the  wood). 

alo,  alui,  alitum  (altum),  -ere, 
[  -y/al,  cf.  adoleo,  alums],  3.  v.  a., 
nourish,  feed.  —  Less  exactly,  sus- 
tain, support,  feed,  bring  up  :  Af- 
rica ductores  (produce}  ;  volnus 
venis  (of  Dido,  feeds,  i.e.,  is  con- 
sumed by) . 

Aloides,  -ae,  [Gr.  'A.\(adSr]s,  patr. 
of  "AAweus],  m.,  descendant  of  Alo- 
eus.  —  Plur.,  Otus  and  Ephialtes, 
giants. 

Alpes,  -ium,  [a  foreign  word  akin 
to  albus],  m.  plur.,  the  Alps. 

Alphesiboeus,  -I,  [Gr.],  m.,  a 
herdsman. 

Alpheus,  -el,  [Gr.  'AA^e^s,  cf.  al- 
bula],  m.,  a  river  of  Elis  which 
disappears  under  ground,  and  was 
fabled  to  reappear  again  in  Sicily. 

Alpheus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  'AA^ejos], 
adj.,  of  the  river  Alpheus,  Alphean  : 
Pisa  (founded  by  a  colony  from 
Elis). 

Alpinus,  -a,  -um,  [falpi  (length- 
ened) 4-  nus],  adj.,  of  the  Alps, 
Alpine  :  Boreae. 

Alsus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  Latin. 

altare,  -is,  [n.  of  adj.,  falto-  (re- 
duced) +  firis],  n.,  an  altar  (high- 
er than  ara). 

alte  [old  abl.  of  altus],  (-ius,  -is- 


Vocabulary. 


sime),  adv.,  highly,  on  high,  high, 

—  deeply,  deep. 

alter,  -era,  -erum,  -ius,  [  -y/al  (c/. 
alius)  +  ter  (cf.  uter)],  pron. 
adj.,  other  (of  two,  cf.  alius, 
other  of  many),  the  of  her.  —  Alter 
. . .  alter,  one . . .  the  other.  —  alter 
.  .  .  alterius,  one  of  another  (re- 
ciprocally), of  one  another.  —  In 
order,  the  second,  a  second :  pri- 
mus .  .  .  alter.  —  Opposed  to  both, 
one  or  the  other.  —  Fig.,  the  sec- 
ond, next :  alter  ab  illo.  —  With 
negative :  nee  alter  (another,  any 
other) .  —  Plur.,  of  a  number  or  set, 
&c. :  alterae  decem  (ten  more, 
another  ten). 

alterno,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fal- 
terno-] ,  i .  v.  n.,  do  by  turns,  alter- 
nate. —  alternantes,  p.,  by  turns, 
alternately. — wavering,vacillating. 

alternus,  -a,  -urn,  [alter  +  nus], 
adj.,  belonging  to  the  other,  alter- 
nate, by  turns,  responsive,  recip- 
rocal.— Neut.  pi.,  alternate  strains, 
alternate  acts,  alternation  :  alter- 
nis.  —  Masc.  pi.,  matched  man  for 
man. 

altrix,  -icis,  [yal  +  trix],  f.,  a 
nurse.  —  As  adj.,  nourishing,  fos- 
tering :  terra. 

alt  us,  -a,  -uin,[p.p.  of  a\.o~\,(groivn 
up*),  adj.,  high,  lofty,  great  (in  all 
senses)  :  montes ;  rex  lupiter.  — 
Neut.,  the  heavens,  heaven,  the 
sky:  in  altum  (on  high).  —  Also, 
deep  :  gurges ;  quies.  —  Neut.,  the 
deep,  the  sea,  the  high  sea,  the  main. 

—  ex  alto  (from  far,  far). 
alumnus,  -i,  m.,  -a,  -ae,  f.,  [falo- 

(stem  of  alo)  +  mnus  (cf.  -ptvos, 
Gr.  p.)],  (fostered,  nursed),  foster 
child,  nursling. 

alvearium,  -i,  [falveo  (reduced) 
-f  arium,  n.  of  -arius],  n.,  a  bee- 
hive. 

ulveus,  -i,[falvo  (reduced)  +  eus], 
m.,  a  hollow,  cavity,  channel.  —  a 
boat,  skiff.  —  bed of  a  river,  channel 
=  (current). 

alvus,  -i,  [ -y/al  +  vus],  f.,  the  belly, 
the  body  (inner  or  lower  part). 


amans,  -fintis,  p.  of  amo. 

amaracus,  -i,  [fir.  d/xopaicos],  m. 
and  f.,  marjoram. 

ama rant  us,  -i,  [Or.  a/j.dpavros,  un- 
fading'}, m.,  amaranth,  an  unfading 
flower,  prob.  coxcomb. 

amare  [old  abl.  of  amarus],  adv., 
bitterly. 

amaror,  -oris,  [unc.  stem  (cf. 
amarus)  +  or],  m.,  bitterness. 

amarus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  (-lor,  -issi- 
mus),  adj.,  bitter:  salices.  —  Of 
smell,  harsh,  ill-smelling,  pungent. 

—  Fig.,  sad,  melancholy,  unfortu- 
nate, unhappy :  amores ;  rumor. 

—  bitter,  implacable :  hostis.  —  ( >f 
words,  bitter,  severe,  harsh :  dicta. 

Amaryllis,  -idis,  [Gr.  'AjtopuAAfj], 
f.,  a  rustic  maid. 

Amasenus,  -1,  [?],  m.,  a  river  in 
Latium. 

Amaster,  -tri,  [?],  m.,  a  Trojan. 

Amata,  -ae,  [f.  of  amatus],  f.,  wife 
of  King  Latinus. 

Amathus,  -flntis,  [Gr.'A/ttafloSs],  f., 
a  town  of  Cyprus  (now  Limisso). 

amatus,  p.p.  of  amo. 

Amazon,  -onis,  [Gr.  'A.fj.a(d>v,  an- 
ciently supposed  to  mean  bosom- 
less],  f.,  an  Amazon,  one  of  a 
fabled  nation  of  Scythia,  composed 
only  of  women.  —  Plur.,  the  Ama- 
zons. 

Amazonicus,  -a,  -um,  [fAmazon 
+  icus],  adj.,  of  the  Amazons, 
Amazonian. 

Am  a /.on  ins,  -a,  -um,  [f  Amazon 
-f  ius],  adj.,  Amazonian,  of  the 
Amazons. 

Aina/.oiiis,  -Idis,  [Gr.  'A^a^oi//*], 
adj.,  Amazonian,  an  Amazon. 

amb-  (am-,  an-),  [fambi,  cf.  am- 
bo,  Gr.  bfupl,  Germ.  um~\,  insep. 
prep.  Only  in  composition,  around, 
on  both  sides,  double. 

amba»es,-ls,  [amb-5gcs  ( y'ag  ?, 
cf.  ambigo)],  f.,  a  circuit,  *«<i>iil- 
ing,  circuitous  way.  —  Of  speech, 
circumlocution,  a  long  story,  long 
details.  —  Less  exactly,  obscurity, 
anything  perplexing,  mystery,  mys- 
terious expression,  obscure  oracle. 


Vocabulary, 


ambedo,     -edi,    -esum,    -edere, 

[amb-edo],  3.  v.  a.,  eat  around, 
gnaw,  nibble,  eat.  —  Fig.,  consume, 
devour. 

ambesus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  amb- 
edo. 

ambiguus,  -a,  -um,  [fambigo  (cf. 
prodigus)  +  vus],  adj.,  uncer- 
tain, doubtful,  dark,  mysterious, 
dubious,  perplexing,  ambiguous  : 
domus;  proles;  voces  (dark 
hints). 

ambio,  -ii  (-ivf),  -Itum  (cf.  amb- 
itus), -ire,  [amb-eo],  4.  v.  a. 
and  n.,  go  around.  —  Less  exactly, 
encircle,  surround :  aliquid  auro 
(rim,  edge) .  —  For  a  special  pur- 
pose, entreat,  solicit :  reginam  ; 
conubiisLatinum  (gain  La  anus's 
consent  to) . 

ambo,  -ae,  -o,  [cf.  amb-],  pron. 
adj.,  both  (of  two  together,  cf. 

"  .  uterque,  both  separately) .  —  Less 
'  exactly,  tioo. 

ambrosius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  a.fj.$po- 
ffios,  immortal],  adj.,  divine,  di- 
vinely beautiful.  —  Fern.,  the  food 
of  the  gods,  ambrosia. 

amburo,  -ussi,  -ustiiin,  -urere, 
[amb-uro],  3.  v.  a.,  burn  around, 
scorch,  burn. 

ambustus,  p.p.  of  amburo. 

amellus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  starwort. 

iuiiciis.  -entis,  [ab-mens,  having 
the  mind  away~\,  adj.,  senseless, 
distracted,  frenzied,  frantic,  mad- 
dened. 

amentum,  -i,  [unc.  root  +  men- 
turn],  n.,  thong  (attached  to  a  spear 
and  unwinding,  so  as  to  give  a  rifle- 
hall  motion  to  it). 

Amerinus,  -a,  -um,  [simpler  stem 
akin  to  Ameria  +  inus] ,  adj.,  of 
Ameria  (a  town  of  Umbria;  now 
Amelia'),  Amerian. 

amice  [old  abl.  of  amicus],  adv., 
in  a  friendly  manner,  as  a  friend, 
kindly. 

amicio,  -icui  (-fad),  -Ictum,  -ire, 
[amb-iacio]  ,4.  v.  a.,  throw  u  round, 
wr<ip  ar'ound. — Transferred,  wrap, 
cover,  conceal :  nube  cava. 


amicitia,  -ae,  [famico  +  tia],  f., 
friendship. 

amictus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  amicio. 

amictus,  -us,  [as  if  amic  (cf.  ami- 
cio) +  tus],  m.,  an  outer  garment, 
wrap,  robe,  covering:  nebulae. 

amicus,  -a,  -um,  [unc.  stem  from 
-y/am  +  cus],  adj.,  loving,  friendly. 

—  Of  things,  friendly,  favoring, 
favorable.  —  Masc.,  a  friend. 

Aminaeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  'A/ui/cuot], 
adj.,  of  Amituea  (a  district  of  Pi- 
cenum,  famous  for  its  vineyards), 
Amimean. 

iiiuissiis,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ainitto. 

Amiternus,  -a,  -um,  [?],adj.,  of 
Amiternum  (a  Sabine  town,  now 
San  Vittorino),  Amiternian. 

amitto,  -misi,  -missum,  -ere, 
[ab-mitto],  3.  v.  a.,  let  go,  send  off 
or  away,  abandon,  lose :  anna ; 
Anchisen  (by  death). 

Ammon,  see  Hammon. 

amnis,  -is,  [?],  m.  and  f.,  a  river, 
a  stream,  body  (of  water)  :  aquae 
(of  water  in  a  kettle).  —  Gen., 
water. 

amo,  -a vi,  -a turn,  -are,  [y'am, 
but  prob.  fr.  a  noun-stem,  cf.  ami- 
cus], I.  v.  a.,  love,  be  fond  'of,  cher- 
ish, regard.  —  Of  things,  delight 
in,  love. —  Fig.,  keep  close  to  :  litus 
(hug).  —  amaiis,  -ntis,  m.  or  f., 
a  lover,  loving  man  or  woman. 

amoenus,  -a,  -um,  [lost  noun-stem, 
akin  to  amo  +  nus,  cf.  amicus], 
adj.  Of  objects  of  sight,  pictu- 
resque, lovely,  pleasant,  charming: 
piorum  concilia. 

an  ionium  (-on),  -i,  [Gr.  fytw/wj/], 
n.,  amomuin,  an  aromatic  shrub. 

amor,  -oris,  [  -^am  +  or],  m.,  love, 
desire,  longing :  casus  cognoscere 
nostros ;  edendi  (appetite,  crav- 
ing for  food}. —  Transferred,  an 
object producinglove,  a  love-charm. 

—  Concretely,  an  object  of  love.  — 
Personified,  the  god  of  love,  Cupid, 
Love. 

amoveo,  -movi,  -motum,  -ere, 
[ab-moveo],  2.  v.  a.,  move  away, 
remove,  take  away. 


20 


Vocabulary. 


Amphion,  -onls,  [Gr. ' A/«f>tW] ,  m., 
Amp/lion,  a  king  of  Thebes,  hus- 
band of  Niobe,  famous  for  his  per- 
formances on  the  lyre. 

Amphitryoniades,  -ae,  m.,  a  de- 
scendant of  Amphitryo  (king  of 
Thebes,  husband  of  Alcmene),  son 
of  Amphitryo  (Hercules). 

Amphrysius,  -a,  -11111,  adj.,  belong- 
ing to  Amphrysus,  Amphrysian, 
of  Apollo:  vates  (i.e.  the  Sibyl). 

Amphrysus  (-os),  -i,  [Gr.  'Aptypv- 
<ros],  m.,  Amphrysus  or  Amphry- 
sos,  a  small  river  of  Phthiotis,  near 
which  Apollo  fed  the  flocks  of  King 
Admetus. 

ample  [abl.  of  amplus],adv.,tfw//j'. 

—  Comp.,  ampliiis,  more,  longer, 
again  :  non  amplius  unam  (only 
one). 

amplector,  -exus,  -ecti,  [amb- 
plecto],  3.  v.  dep.,  wz'Wor  twine 
around,  surround,  encompass,  en- 
circle, embrace  :  limina ;  tumu- 
lum  (of  a  snake)  ;  ansas  acantho 
(wreathe,  in  carving). — In  speech, 
comprehend,  —  discuss  particular- 
ly, handle,  treat :  non  ego  cuncta 
meis  amplecti  versibus  opto. 

amplexus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  am- 
plector, 

amplexus,  -us,  [amb-plexus],  m., 
an  encircling.  —  Esp.,  an  embrace, 
caress. 

amplus,  -a,  -urn,  (-lor,  -issimus) , 
[?],  adj.,  of  large  extent,  great, 
ample,  spacious,  roomy  :  Elysium. 

—  I'ig.,  magnificent,  splendid,  glo- 
rious, superb.  —  In  fame,  illustri- 
ous, noble,  renowned,  distinguished. 

A msam-l  us,  -I,  [amb-sanctus],  m., 
a  lake  in  Italy,  fabled  as  an  en- 
trance to  the  world  below  (now 
Lago  d'Ansante). 

amurca,  -ae,  [Gr.  b.\il>p*(i\\,  f.,  the 
scum  of  oil. 

Amyclae,  arum,  [Gr.  "A/zwcAoi], 
plur.  f . :  i.  A  town  in  Latium  ;  2.  A 
town  of  Laconia.  See  Amyolaoiis. 

Amyclaeus,  -a,  -um,  (Gr.  'A/J.V- 
KAeuof],  adj.,  of '  Atnyclie  (in  Laco- 
nia), Amyclcean :  canis. 


Amyous,  -i,  [Gr. "A^uwoj],  m. :  i.  A 
Trojan,  father  of  Mimas;  2.  The 
name  of  two  followers  of  /Kneas, 
killed  by  Turnus. 

Amyiitas,  -ae,  [Gr.  'A/xiWar] ,  m., 
a  shepherd. 

Amythaonius,  -a,  -um,  [Aray- 
thaon  +  ius],  adj.,  of  Amythaon 
(the  father  of  Melampus),  Amy- 
thaonian. 

an  [?],  conj.  In  disjunctive  inter- 
rogations introducing  the  second 
part,  or,  or  rather,  or  on  Ike  other 
hand,  or  in  fact.  — Often  with  the 
first  part  suppressed,  or,  or  indeed, 
or  can  it  be  that,  why  !  tell  me  ! 

—  a  n  n  on,    or    not.  —  an  lie   (an 
ne),  same  as  an  alone. 

Anagnia,  -ae,  f.,  a  town  of  Latium, 
the  chief  seat  of  the  Hernici  (now 
Anagni). 

anceps,  -itis,  [amb-caput] ,  (with 
head  on  both  sides),  adj.,  with  two 
heads,  double-headed.  —  Of  weap- 
ons, two-edged  :  ferrum.  —  Fig., 
double,  two-fold:  formido. — doubt- 
ful, uncertain,  undecided,  dubious: 
fortuna  pugnae  ;  dolus  (treach- 
erous uncertainty). —  Of  persons, 
wavering;  doubtful.  —  Of  an  ora- 
cle, ambiguous. 

Anchomolus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  son  of 
khujtus,  king  of  the  Marsians.  lie 
fled  to  Turnus'  father  on  account 
of  an  incestuous  crime. 

Anehises,  -ae,  [Gr.  'Ayxtffi)*],  m., 
a  son  of  Capys,  father  of  /Kneas. 

Anrliiseiis,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  belonging 
to  Anehises,  Anchisean. 

Anchislades,  -ae,  in.,  the  son  of 
Anehises,  i.e.  /Eneas. 

anchora,  see  ancora. 

ancile  (-ule),  -Is,  [fanco  +  ills,  cf. 
ayKu\As],  n.,  a  small  oval  shield. 

—  Esp.,  the  shield  which  was  said 
to  have  fallen  from  heaven  in  the 
reign  of  Xuina,  and  on  the  contin- 
ued preservation  of  which  the  pros- 
perity of  Rome  was  declared  to  de- 
pend.—  Also  the  others  made  like 
it,  which  were  carried  in  procession 
at  Rome  in  a  religious  ceremony. 


Vocabulary. 


21 


ancora  (anch-),  -ae,  [Gr.  S-y/cupa], 
f.,  an  anchor. 

Aucus,  -I,  [=  ancus,  bent,  said  to 
refer  to  crooked  arms,  cf.  aiicu- 
lus],  m.,  Ancus  Martius,  fourth 
king  of  Rome. 

Aiidrogeos  (-eus),  -I,  [Gr.  'AvSpo- 
7«ft)s],  m. :  I.  A  son  of  Minos,  king 
of  Crete,  killed  by  the  Athenians 
and  Megarians ;  2.  A  Greek  at 
the  sack  of  Troy. 

Andromache,  -es,  (-a,  -ae),  [Gr. 
'Ac5po/*axi?] ,  f-,  a  daughter  of  King 
Eetion,  and  wife  of  Hector. 

anethum,  -I,  [Gr.  amiOov'],  n.,  dill, 
anise,  a  sweet-smelling  herb. 

anfractus  (am-),  us,  [amb-frac- 
tus] ,  m.,  a  bending,  turning,  wind- 
ing. 

Angitia(Angui-), -ae,  [prob.  akin 
to  ango],  f.,  a  sorceress,  sister  of 
Medea  and  Circe,  worshipped  by 
the  Marsi. 

ango,  -xi,  -ctum  (-xum),  -gere, 
[  -y/ang],  3.  v.  a.,  squeeze,  compress : 
guttura.  —  Of  living  creatures, 
choke,  strangle. 

anguis,  -is,  [  y/ang  +  is,  with  para- 
sitic u],  m.  and  f.,  a  snake  or  ser- 
pent. —  Esp.,  as  constellations,  the 
Dragon,  the  Hydra,  the  Serpent. 

Aiiguitia,  see  Angitia. 

aiigusttis,  -a,  -um,  [fangus  (noun- 
stem  akin  to  angor)  +  tus,  cf. 
barbatus],  adj.,  close,  narrow, 
strait,  contracted.  —  Neut.  with 
gen. :  angusta  viarum  (narrow 
ways).  —  Fig.,  narrow,  slight, 
scanty :  spes.  —  Less  exactly,  nar- 
rcnv,  trivial :  res. 

anhelitus,  -us,  [fanheli-  (weaker 
stem  of  anhelo)  -f  tns],  m.,  pant- 
ing, quick  or  diffictilt  breathing. 

anhelo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fan 
(unc.  prep.)  -hal§  (cf.  exhalo)], 
I.  v.  n.  and  a.  Neut.,  breathe  with 
difficulty,  breathe  heavily,  gasp, 
pant. —  Of  flame,  roar:  fornaci- 
bus  ignis. 

anhelus,  j-a,  -um,  [an  ( ?)  -halus 
(cf.  halo)],  adj.,  panting,  puffing, 
gasping:  equi ;  pectus  (/leaving) ; 


Mars  (breathless) ;  senes  (short- 
breathed)  ;  tussis  (hacking) . 

Anicii,  see  Auio. 

A  iii  en  us,  -a,  -um,  [fAnien-f  us], 
adj.,  pertaining  to  the  Anio,  of  the 
Anio. 

anilis,  -e,  [fanu  +  flis],  adj.,  of  an 
old  woman,  anile,  an  old  woman's. 

an  i  in  a,  -ae,  [fani  (treated  as  root?) 
-f  ma,  f.  of  -mus ;  cf.  animus  and 
&vffj.os,  Y/an,  blow],  f.,  a  breeze, 
breath,  blast  (in  Vulcan's  bellows). 

—  As  inhaled  or  exhaled,  breath  : 
viperea.  —  Fig.,  breath  (as   vital 
principle),  life :  effundere;  proi- 
cere  (throw  away  life) ;  purpurea 
(crimson  stream  of  life). — Of  living 
persons,  soul  (cf.  Eng.  "souls"). 

—  Of   the    departed,   shade,   soul, 
spirit. 

animadversus,  see  animadverto. 

animadverto  (vort-),  -ti,  -sum, 
-tere,  [animum,  adverto],  3.  v.  a., 
turn  the  mind  or  attention  to,  at- 
tend to,  consider,  regard.  —  More 
simply,  notice,  perceive,  see. 

animal,  -alls,  [n.  of  adj.  animalis 
(with  loss  of  e)],  n.,  living  crea- 
ture (incl.  man  and  beast),  animal. 

animalis,  -e,  [fanimii  +  lis],  adj., 
pertaining  to  life,  animate,  living. 

ammo,  -avi,  -utum,  -are,  [ani- 
ma],  i.  v.  a.,  animate,  quicken, 
give  life  to. 

auimosus,  -a,  -um,  [fanimo  (re- 
duced) -f-  osus],  adj.,  courageous, 
bold,  spirited :  Eurus  (wild,  vio- 
lent). 

animus,  -I,  [fani-  (as  root)  +  mus ; 
cf.  anima,  oj/fjtos,  y'an,  Mow],  m., 
breath,  life,  soul  (cf.  Eng.  spirit), 
mind  (including  all  the  powers ; 
cf.  mens,  intellect ) .  —  Esp.  of 
thought  or  feeling,  intention,  pur- 
pose, will,  desire,  inclination, 
mind,  impulse :  omnibus  idem, 
animus  est  (cf.  "have  a  mind"). 

—  Also  esp.  in  plur.,  feeling,  senti- 
ment, courage,  heart,  spirit  :  suc- 
cessu    animisque   (the  spirit  of 
s net  ess).  —  Instead  of  mens,   the 
mind,  the  intellect.  —  Less  exactly, 


22 


Vocabulary. 


nature,  character,  —  Of  the  winds 
(personified),  wrath.  —  In  bad 
sense,  arrogance,  pride,  passion, 
wrath  (esp.  in  plur.). 

Anio  (Anien),  -enls  or  -on is,  also 
An  ic  mis,  -i,  m.,  a  tributary  stream 
of  the  Tiber,  which,  taking  its  rise 
in  the  Apennines,  passes  along  the 
southern  Sabine  country,  separat- 
ing it  from  Latium  (now  Teverone) . 

Auius,  -I  (-11),  m.,  a  king  and  priest 
of  Delos,  who  hospitably  enter- 
tained JEnezs. 

Anna,  -ae,  [a  Phoenician  word],  f., 
Anna,  the  sister  of  Dido,  honored 
as  a  goddess  after  her  death,  under 
the  name  Anna  Perenna. 

anualis,  -e,  [fanno-  (reduced)  + 
alls],  adj.,  belonging  to  a  year, 
yearly,  annual.  —  Masc.  (sc.  li- 
ber), a  record (by  years),  a  chron- 
icle, a  report:  laborum  (details}. 

anne,  see  an. 

annisus,  see  adnisus. 

annitor,  see  adnitor. 

anno,  see  adno. 

aniinsus,  -a,  -um,  [fanno-  (re- 
duced) +  osus],  ad}.,  full  of  years, 
aged,  old:  bracchia  (aged  limbs} . 

annuo,  see  adnuo. 

aiiniis,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  year.  —  Less 
exactly,  season :  nunc  formosis- 
simus  annas.  — Adv.,  quotannis 
(as  many  years  as  there  are), 
yearly,  every  year. 

a  n  n  u  us,  -a,  -urn,  [fanno  +  us], 
adj.,  pertaining  to  a  year,  that 
lasts  a  year,  of  a  year's  duration. 
—  that  returns,  recurs,  or  happens 
every  year, yearly,  annual :  sacra. 

aiisa,  -ae, [  ?] ,  f.,  a  handle  :  molli  cir- 
cum  est  ansas  amplexusacantho. 

5nser,  -erls,  [cf.  Gr.  xh"i  Eng. 
goose"],  m.,  a  goose. 

Antaeus,  -I,  [Gr.  'AvToTos] ,  m. :  i.  A 
Libyan  giant  slain  by  Hercules  ; 
2.  A  Rutulian. 

Antandros  (-us),  -i,  [Gr.  'Avrav- 
Spos~],  f.,  a  maritime  town  of  Mysia, 
at  the  foot  of  Ida. 

ante  (old  form  antld),  [abl.  of 
fanti  (cf.  antes,  Gr.  di/n')],  adv. 


and  prep.  Adv.,  of  place,  before, 
in  front,  forward.  —  Of  time,  be- 
fore, sooner,  first:  ut  ante  (as 
hitherto);  ante  .  .  .  quam  (see 
antequam).  —  With  abl.  of  dill". : 
multo,  etc.  (long before}. — As  adj., 
like  Greek :  ante  malorum  (of  for- 
mer trials).  —  Prep.,  of  place,  be- 
fore, in  front  of:  focum.  —  ( >f 
estimation  or  rank,  before,  in  pref- 
erence to,  above :  ante  alios ; 
ante  omnia  (more  than  all  else, 
above  all) .  —  Of  time,  before,  ere. 

anteeo,  -ivi  (-li),  no  sup.,  -Ire, 
[ante-eo],  4.  v.  n.,go  before,  pre- 
cede.—  Of  time,  anticipate,  precede. 
Of  degree,  excel,  svrpass,  outdo, 
outstrip  :  candore  nives ;  cursi- 
bus  auras. 

antefero,  -tuli,  -latuin,  -ferre, 
[ante-fero],  3.  v.  a.,  bear  or  c arry 
before  one,  &c.  —  Of  estimation, 
place  before,  prefer  :  quae  quibus 
anteferam. 

Anteninae,  -arum,  [  ?] ,  f.,  a  town 
of  the  Sabines,  perhaps  so  called 
from  its  situation  on  the  river  Anio, 
where  it  falls  into  the  Tiber. 

antenna  (-nina),  -ae,  [probably 
borrowed  from  Greek],  f.,  a  sail- 
yard. 

Antenor,  -orls,  [Gr.  'A.m^vup'],  m., 
a  noble  Trojan  who  was  in  favor 
of  restoring  Helen  and  making 
peace  with  the  Greeks;  after  the 
fall  of  Troy  he  went  to  Italy  and 
founded  Patavium  (Padua). 

Antenorides,  -ae,  [Gr.  patrony- 
mic], m.,  a  son  or  descendant  of 
Antenor. 

anteqaam  [ante,  quam],  rel.  adv., 
sooner  than,  before,  first  before,  ere. 

antes,  -him,  [  Van  +  ^is,  cf.  ante], 
m.,  rows  or  ranks  of  vines,  &c. 

antevenlo,  -veni,  -ventum,  -ve- 
nire, [ante-venio],  4.  v.  n.  and  a., 
come  or  arrive  before. — get  the 
start  of,  anticipate.  —  Absolutely, 
come  betimes,  anticipate  (a  dan- 
ger). 

antevolo, are,  [ante-volo],  i.  v.  a., 
fly  before. 


Vocabulary. 


Antheus,  -i,  (ace.,  Anthea),  [Gr. 
'Avtfevs]  ,m.,  a  companion  of .  Kneas. 

Autigeues,  -is,  [Gr.  'Avi^ej/rjs], 
m.,  a  shepherd. 

Autiphates,  -ae,  [Gr.  'Avrt^cmjs], 
m.,  a  son  of  Sarpedon,  slain  by 
Turnus. 

aiitfquus  (-os),  -a,  -um  (-oin), 
[fanti  (with  unc.  lengthening)  + 
cus,  cf.  posticus],  adj.,  belonging 
to  former  times,  former,  old,  an- 
cient. —  Not  contrasted  with  later 
times,  but  simply  of  long  standing, 
old,  ancient.  —  Of  persons,  aged. 

Antonius,  -I  (-ii),  m.,  the  name  of 
a  Roman  gens.  —  Esp.,  M.  Anto- 
nius, the  distinguished  triumvir, 
conquered  by  Octavius  at  Actium. 

Antores,  -ae,  m.,  a  warrior  of  Evan- 
der,  slain  by  Mezentius. 

ant  ruin,  -I,  [Gr.  &vrpov~\,  n.,  a  cave, 
cavern,  grotto  :  viride.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, hollow :  exesae  arboris. 

Annbis,  is  and  idis,  [Gr.  'Avovftis, 
an  Egyptian  word],  m., an  Egyptian 
deity,  with  the  head  of  a  dog,  the 
tutelary  deity  of  the  chase. 

anus,  -us,  [?],  f.,  an  old  woman. 

auxins,  -a,  -um,  [unc.  stem  from 
•y/ang  +  ius],  adj.,  anxious,  troub- 
led, tormented.  —  Transferred  to 
the  cause,  distressing,  anxious: 
timor. 

Anxur,  -uris,  [?],  n. :  I.  A  town 
of  the  Volsci,  later  Terracina ; 
2.  Masc.,  an  Italian  killed  by 
/Eneas. 

Auxurus,  -a,  -nm,  [Anxur  +  us], 
adj.,  of  Anxur :  lupiter  (wor- 
shipped at  Anxur). 

Aoncs,  -um,  [Gr.  "Aoi/ey],  adj.,  m. 
plur.,  Aonian,  cf.  Aonius. 

Aoiiius,  -a  (-e  Gr.  form),  um, 
[fAon  (cf.  Aones)  +  ius],  adj., 
Aonian,  Boeotian.  —  Fein.,  the 
country  Aonia,  a  part  of  Bceotia 
in  which  are  the  Aonian  moun- 
tains, Mt.  Helicon,  and  the  foun- 
tain Aganippe.  - 

Aoruos,  -I,  [Gr.  "Aopvos],  m.,  the 
Lake  Avernus  (now  Lago  d'Aver- 
no). 


Apenmnicola,  -ae,  [tApennino- 
fcola  (cf.  iueola)],  comm.,  a 
dweller  in  the  Apennines. 

Apeuninus  (App-),  -i,  [Gallic  pen, 
"  mountain-summit "],  m.,  the  Ap- 
ennines, the  lofty  mountain-chain 
that  runs  diagonally  across  Italy : 
pater  (the  mount  personified). 

aper,  apri,  [?],  m.,  a  -wild  boar : 
setosi  caput  apri. 

aperio,  -ul,  -turn,  -Ire,  [ab  (or  ad) 
-pario(cf.  reperio),  but  connection 
unc.],  4.  v.  a.,  uncover,  lay  bare, 
open,  unclose :  antrum  apertum. 

—  Less  exactly,  discover,  display, 
show,  reveal :  his  unda  dehiscens 
terram  aperit ;  templum. — Pass., 
or  with  reflexive,  shmv  itself,  ap- 
pear :  sidus  (rise) ;  Apollo  (i.e. 
his  temple  rising  above  the  horizon) . 

—  Xeut.,  without  se,  appear  :  mon- 
tes.  —  Fig.,  disclose,  unveil,  reveal, 
make  known,  unfold:  futura. — 
As  in  Eng.,  open,  begin:  annum. 

—  apertus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
open,  uncovered,  clear  (of  the  sky). 

apertus,  -a,  -uui,  p.p.  of  aperio. 

apex,  -icis,  [  ?]  m.,  a  tip,  point,  a 
tonkin  (of  flame) .  —  From  the 
shape,  a  cap  (of  peculiar  form  worn 
by  several  religious  functionaries  at 
Rome). 

Aphidiius,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  Trojan. 

apis  (-es),  -is,  [?],  f.,  a  bee. 

apiiini,  -i  (-ii),  [?],  n., parsley,  cel- 
ery. The  leaves  of  one  kind  were 
usedjbr  garlands. 

Apollo,  -inis,  [Gr.  ' Av&\\<av~\,  m., 
the  son  of  Jupiter  and  Latona,  and 
twin  brother  of  Diana  ;  god  of  the 
sun,  of  divination,  of  poetry  and 
music,  and  president  of  the  Muses. 
He  was  also  god  of  archery,  of 
pestilence,  and,  on  the  other  hand, 
of  medicine.  —  Also,  his  temple 
(identified  with  the  god  himself). 

appareo,  see  adpareo. 

appard,  see  adparo. 

Appennimis,  see  Apenniuus. 

appeto,  see  adpeto. 

applico,  see  adplico. 

appoiio,  see  adpouo. 


Vocabulary. 


a  prims,  -a,  -um,  [perhaps  taperi- 
(stem  of  aperio)  +  eus,  cf.  Apri- 
lis],  adj.,  uncovered,  lying  open, 
exposed  to  the  sun,  sunny  :  terrae. 
—  Transferred,  fond  of  suns/tine, 
sunloving. 

apto,  -avi,  -atuni,  -are,  [fapto-], 
l.\.3i.,fit,  adapt,  adjust,  apply. — 
Fig.,  accommodate,  adapt.  —  As 
making  fit,  get  ready,  prepare, 
equip  :  classem  veils.  —  Abs., 
without  means  expressed :  classem 
(fit  out). 

iiptus,  -a,  -uin,  [-v/aP>  grasp  (in 
apiscor)  +  tus,  p.p.  of  lost  verb], 
{fitted  to),  adj.,  joined,  fastened, 
attached.  — Transferred,  endowed, 
ornamented  with  :  caelum  stellis 
aptum  (studded) .  —  Fig.,  suited, 
fitted, Jit,  suitable,  fitting. 

apud  [?],  prep.  w.  ace.  Of  per- 
sons, with,  by,  near.  —  Esp.,  at 
one's  house,  or  in  one's  possession  : 
apud  me.  —  Of  place,  at,  near, 
in. 

aqua,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  water:  dulces 
(fresh  water} .  —  a  stream,  a  river. 

aquarius,  -a,  -um,  [faqua  (re- 
duced) +  arius],  adj.,  of  or  relat- 
ing to  water.  —  Masc.,  the  water- 
bearer,  one  of  the  signs  of  the 
Zodjac. 

Aquicolus,  -i,  [?],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 

aquila,  -ae,  [perhaps  f.  of  aqnilus, 
dark  gray,  on  account  of  its  color], 
f.,  the  eagle. 

aquilo,  -onis,  [faquilo-  (reduced) 
+  6  (on),  from  its  darkness,  cf. 
aquila],  in.,  the  North  wind. — 
Less  exactly,  the  North. 

aquosus,  -a,  -um,  [aqua  (reduced) 
+  osus],  adj.,  abounding  in  water, 
rainy,  watery,  moist,  humid,  full 
of  water :  hiems;  Orion. 

ara,  -ae,  (old  form  asa),  [?],  f.,  an 
elevation  or  structure  (of  \vnxl, 
stone,  earth,  &c.)  :  ara  sepulchri 
(a  fiineral pile).  —  Ksp.,  an  altar: 
illius  aram  imbuet  agnus.  — 
From  similarity,  the  Altars,  rocks 
in  the  Mediterranean,  between 
Sicily  and  Africa. 


Arabs,  -abis,  [Gr.  "Apaty],  m.,  an 
Arabian,  an  Arab. 

Arabus,  -a,  -um,  [fArab-f  us], 
adj.,  Arabian, Arab. —  Masc.  plur., 
the  Arabs. 

Aracynthus,  -i,  [Gr.  'ApdicvvOos), 
m.,  a  mountain  between  Boeotia 
and  Attica. 

araiiea,  -ae,  [f.  of  adj.,  from  Gr. 
apdxvr)^,  f.,  a  spider. 

Arar  (Ararls),  -is,  [?],  m.,  a  river 
of  Gaul  (now  the  Saone}. 

arator,  -oris,  [ara  (stem  of  aro)  -f 
tor],  m.,  one  who  ploughs,  a  plough- 
man, a  husbandman,  farmer. 

aratrum,  -i,  [ara  (stem  of  aro)  + 
trum],  n.,  a  plough. 

Araxes,  -is,  [Gr.  'ApofTjs],  m.,  a 
river  of  Armenia  Major. 

arbor,  -oris,  (old  form  arbos), 
[?],  f.,  a  tree.  —  Of  many  things 
made  of  wood,  a  mast,  an  oar. 

arboreus,  -a,  -um,  [farbor +  eus], 
adj.,  of  a  tree:  fetus  (fruit). — 
Less  exactly,  tree-like :  cornua 
(branching). 

arbos,  see  arbor. 

arbustus,  -a,  -um,  [farbos  -f  tus], 
adj.,  provided  with  a  tree  or  with 
trees.  —  Neut.,  a  plantation  of  trees 
with  vines  trained  on  them.  — 
Neut.  plur.,  trees,  shrubs. 

arbust um,  see  arbustus. 

arbuteus,  -a,  -um,  [farbuto  (re- 
duced)-)- eus],  adj.,  0/(or  per  Iain- 
ing  to)  the  strawberry-  or  arbute- 
tree :  crates  (ofarbute  twigs). 

arbutum,  -1,  [(?)  n.  of  arbutu*  , 
n.,  the  strawberry-  or  arbute-tre<  : 
iubeo  frondentia  capris  arbuta 
sufficere.  —  the  fruit  of  the  stra'c- 
berry-  or  arbute-tree,  the  wild 
strawberry:  glandes  atque  ar- 
buta. 

arbutus,  -i,  [cf.  arbor],  i.,  the  wild 
stra-ti'berrv-  or  arbute-tree  :  dulce 
satis  humor,  depulsis  arbutus 
haedis. 

Arcadia,  -ae,  [Gr.  'Ap/co5io,  f.  of 
adj.,  sc.  terra],  f.,  a  mountainous 
district  in  the  interior  of  Pelopon- 
nesus, which,  from  its  position 


Vocabulary. 


long  retained  its  primitive  sim- 
plicity and  sylvan  wildness. 

Arc-adius,  -a,  -inn,  [as  if  'ApnaStos, 
adj.  from 'Ap/ccts],  adj.,  Arcadian. 

arc-anus,  -a,  -um,  [farcu  +  nus], 
adj.,  (secreted},  secret,  private. — 
Xeut.,  a  secret. 

Arc-as,  -aclis,  [Gr.  '\pnds\,  m.,  son 
uf  Jupiter  and  Callisto,  supposed 
ancestor  of  the  Arcadians.  —  1'lur., 
the  Arcadians.  —  As  adj.  (ace. 
Arcada),  Arcadian  :  rex  (Evan- 
der)  :  eques  (of  Pallanteum). 

Arc-ens,  -entis,  m.,  a  Sicilian. 

arceo,  -cui,  f-citum,  -ere,  [noun- 
stem  akin  to  area],  2.  v.  a,  shut 
up,  enclose,  keep  fast.  —  From  an- 
other point  of  view,  shut  off,  keep 
off,  keep  at  a  distance :  periclis 
(protect from).  — With  inf.  orabs., 
hinder,  prevent:  manus  (bind, 
prtvfnt  from  raising). 

arcesso  (accerso),  -sivi,  -situ in, 
-sere,  [ar-  (=  ad)  -cesso?],  (as 
causative,  cause  to  come),  call,  sum- 
mon, bring.  —  Less  exactly,  draw, 
take  in,  absorb :  tenues  vitas 
(acquire  etlierial  souls,  of  crea- 
tures at  birth). 

Arc-hetius,  -i,  [?],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 

Archippus,  -i,  [Gr.  yApx«"n>*],ni., 
an  Umbrian. 

Arcitonens,  -entis,  [farcu-  (weak- 
efted)  -tenens],adj.,  holding  a  bow, 
bow-bearing.  — -  Masc.,  the  boiv- 
holder  (Apollo). 

arc-tos  (-us),  -I  (ace.  sing,  arc-ton], 
[Gr.  &P/CTOJ],  f.,  the  Great  and  Lit- 
tle Bear  (Ursa  major  et  minor),  a 
double  constellation  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  north  pole :  gelidae  arcti. 
—  the  north  pole,  the  north. 

Arcturus,  -i,  [Gr.  apKrovpos~\,  m., 
the  brightest  star  in  Ilciutes,  the 
rising  and  setting  of  which  brings 
bad  weather.  —  the  (whole)  con- 
stellation Bootes.  —  the  rising  of 
A  r L  turns  :  sub  ipsum  Arcturum. 

arctiis,  -a,  -inn,  .see  artus. 

arc-us  (old  form,  -quus,  -os),  -us, 
[? akin  to arc-a],  m.,  a  bow.  —  Ksp., 
the  rainbow :  ceu  nubibus  arcus 


mille  trahit  varies  adverse  sole 
colores.  —  Of  anything  shaped  like 
a  bow,  a  curve,  arch,  bend,  arc, 
loop  :  portus  curvatus  in  arcum. 

i.arclea,  -ae,  [Gr.  tpcoSio's],  f.,  a 
heron. 

2.  Ardea,  -ae,  [fardea],  f.,  the  capi- 
tal of  the  Rutuli,  six  leagues  south 
of  Rome  ;  it  was  burned  by . -Eneas, 
and  from  its  ashes  the  heron  was 
said  to  have  been  produced. 

ardeo,  arsi,  arsuin,  arclere, 
[  ?  fardo-  (contr.  stem  of  ari- 
dus)],  be  on  fire,  burn,  blaze. — 
Fig.,  flash,  glow,  sparkle,  shine  : 
oculi ;  clipeus.  —  Of  color, glisten, 
glitter,  blaze :  Tyrio  ardebat  mu- 
rice  laena.  —  Of  emotion,  burn, 
glow:  Penthesilea  (rages);  spe 
(be  fired  with) ;  quibus  arserit 
amis  (be  ablaze) .  —  Esp.  (abs.  or 
with  ace.),  love,  burn,  be  fired : 
Alexin. — ardens,  -eutis,  as  adj., 
glowing,  fiery,  hot,  blazing,  spark- 
ling, burning:  Tyrii  (eager) ; 
equi  (fiery);  virtus  (glowing). 

ardesc-o,  arsi,  ardescere,  [farde 
(stem  of  ardc-o)  +  sco],  3.  v.  n. 
inch.),  take  fire,  kindle,  become  in- 
flamed. —  Fig.,  gleam,  glitter.  — 
Of  the  passions,  burn,  be  inflamed, 
become  more  intense,  increase 
in  violence:  tuendo.  —  Of  other 
things,  become  violent  or  furious, 
rage,  increase :  fremitusque  ar- 
descit  equorum. 

ardor,  -oris,  [fard  (as  if  root  of 
ardeo)  +  or],  m.,  burning,  fiame, 
fire,  heat.  —  Of  the  passions,  &c. 
(cf.  ardeo),  heat,  ardor,  eager- 
ness, enthusiasm,  fire. 

ardiius,  -a,  -urn  [?],  adj.,  steep. — 
high,  lofty,  tall:  campo  sese  ar- 
duus  infert  (/owe ring  high)  : 
cornua ;  lupiter  (on  high) . 

area,  -ae,  [prob.faro(stem  of  farus, 
cf.  iiridus)  +  ea  (f.  of  -eus),  dry 
courtyard},  f.,  court, yard.  —  Esp., 
</  threshing  floor. 

arena  (hare-),  -ao,  [fare  (stem 
of  areo)  +  na  (f.  of -nus)],  (dry 
earth."),  f.,  sand.  —  Less  exactly, 


26 


Vocabulary. 


earth:  nigra  (loam,  mud}. — 
Esp.,  the  seashore,  seabeach,  beach, 
strand. 

arenosus,  -a,  -uin,  [arena  (re- 
duced) +  osus],  adj .,/«//  of  sand, 
sandy :  litus. 

arens,  -entis,  p.  of  areo. 

areo,  -ui,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [  ?  faro- 
(cf.  aridus)],  be  dry,  be  parched, 
dry  up:  ager.  —  arens,  -entis, 
p.  as  adj .,  dry,  arid, parched:  arva. 

Arethfisa,  -ae,  [Gr.  'ApeOovaa],  f., 
a  fountain  near  Syracuse.  —  Per- 
sonified, the  nymph  of  the  fountain 
addressed  as  a  muse. 

argenteus,  -a,  -uin,  [fargento- 
(  reduced)  +  eus],  adj.,  of  silver, 
silver.  —  Fig.,  silvery  white,  white  : 
anser. 

argentum,  -I,  [VarS  (c^-  arguo) 
+  entum,  orig.  p.,  or  developed 
from  one],  n.,  silver  (from  its 
brightness).  —  Esp.  :  argentum 
lentum,  an  alloy  of  silver.  —  Of 
things  made  of  silver,  plate,  silver. 

—  money. 
ArgI,  see  Argos. 
Argiletum,  -i,  [argilla  (reduced) 

+  etum,  clay-pits\,  (wrongly  sup- 
posed to  he  from  Argi-letum) ,  n., 
a  part  of  Rome. 

argilla,  -ae,  [Gr.  &pyi\\os,  cf.  ar- 
gentum], f.,  white  clay,  potter's 
earth,  marl. 

argftis,  -idls,  [akin  to  argentum, 
etc.],  m.,  a  vine  bearing  white 
grapes. 

Argivus,  -a,  -inn,  [Gr.  (not  found) 
'Apytiros,  from  'Apyos  (Argos),  cf. 
Achivus],  adj.,  of  Argos,  Argive. 

—  Masc.  plur.,  the  Greeks. 
Argo,  -us,  [Gr.  'Apyta~\,  f.,  the  ship 

in  which  Jason  sailed  to  Colchis 
for  the  golden  fleece. 

Argolicus,  -a,  -um,[Gr.  'Apyo\iic6s, 
fr.  'Apyo\ls,  Argolis] ,  adj .,  of  Argos, 
Argolic. —  Grecian. 

Argos  (only  nom.  and  ace.), [dr. 'Ap- 
yos'], n.,  more  freq.  plur.  ArgI, 
-drum,  m.,  the  capital  of  the  prov- 
ince Argolis  in  the  Peloponnesus, 
sacred  to  Juno. 


argiimenturn,  -1,  [fargu-  (as  if 
stem  of  arguo,  cf.  argutus)  + 
mentum],  n.,  an  argument,  proof, 
a  representation  or  statement  of 
any  kind.  —  Of  a  play,  poem,  <X:c., 
subject,  story,  argument  (of  the 
story  of  lo  on  a  shield). 

arguo,  -ui,  -utum,  -uere,  [fargu- 
( -y/arg»  cf-  argentum),  cf.  facu-, 
acuo],  (make  clear  or  bright), 
3.  v.  a.,  show,  prove,  make  known, 
indicate :  degeneres  animos  ti- 
mor  arguit  (ignoble  souls  are 
known  by  fear}.  —  Esp.,  accuse, 
charge. — argutus,  -a,  -um,  p.p. 
as  adj.,  (made  bright),  active, 
lively  :  caput  equi  (graceful}. — 
Often  of  sound,  piercing  (cf. 
clarus,  bright  and  loud},  sharp, 
shrill,  rustling,  noisy,  whirring: 
ilex  (singing,  with  the  wind)  ;  ser- 
ra  (squeaking) ;  pecten  (ringing} . 

Argus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Argive. — 
Masc.  plur.,  the  Greeks. 

Argus,  -I,  [Gr.  "Apyos],  m. :  I.  The 
hundred-eyed  keeper  of  To  after 
she  was  changed  into  a  heifer  by 
Jupiter ;  slain  by  Mercury  at  the 
command  of  Jupiter.  His  hundred 
eyes  were  placed  by  Juno  in  the 
tail  of  the  peacock ;  2.  A  fabled 
guest  of  Evander,  whose  death  was 
supposed  to  have  given  the  n^me 
to  Argiletum  (but  see  that  word). 

argutus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  arguo. 

Argyrlpa  (-ippa),  -ae,  [Gr.  'Apyv- 
pnrira] ,  f.,  a  town  of  Apulia,  founded 
by  Diomedes  of  Argos  (afterwards 
called  Arpi}. 

Arleia,  -ae,  f.,  a  town  of  Latium 
on  the  Appian  way  (now  Riccio}. 
From  this  place  came  Virbius  (a 
supposed  son  of  Hippolytus),  who 
fought  in  the  ranks  of  Turnus. 
His  mother  is  by  some  supposed  to 
have  the  same  name,  Aricia. 

aridus,  -a,  -um,  [faro-  (cf.  areo) 
+  dus],  adj.,  dry,  arid,  parched : 
ora. — Transferred,  making  dry, 
drying  up,  dry  :  febris.  —  Also, 
cracking,  snapping,  as  when  dry 
wood  is  broken :  fragor. 


Vocabulary. 


27 


aries,  -ietis*  [?],  m.,  a  rain  :  can- 
didus.  — •  From  its  form  and  use,  a 
battering-ram,  an  engine,  with  a 
head  like  a  rain's,  for  battering 
walls:  crebro  ariete  (with  fre- 
quent strokes  of,  <S:c.). 

arieto, -avi, -atum,  -are,[fariet-], 
I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  strike  violently, 
dash  violently  (like  a  ram)  :  arie- 
tat  in  portas. 

Arion,  -onis,  [Gr.  'ApiW],  m.,  a 
celebrated  player  on  the  cithara, 
of  Methymna  in  Lesbos,  rescued 
from  drowning  by  a  dolphin  which 
was  charmed  by  his  music. 

Arisba,  -ae,  f.,  Arisba,  a  town  of 
Troas. 

arista,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  the  top  of  an  ear 
of  grain,  head  or:  ear  of  grain. — 
Fig.,  sum iner,  harvest:  aliquot 
aristas  {many years). 

Aristaeus,  -I,  [Gr.  'Apto-rccTos],  m., 
a  son  of  Apollo  and  Cyrene,  who 
is  said  to  have  taught  men  the 
management  of  bees  and  the  treat- 
ment of  milk,  and  to  have  been 
the  first  who  planted  olive-trees. 
He  was  the  husband  of  Autonoe 
and  father  of  Actaji/n. 

Ariiisius,  -a,  -urn,  [Gr.  'Apiouffios], 
adj.,  of  or  belonging  to  Ariitsia,  a 
district  in  Chios  famous  for  its 
wine:  vina  (Ch ian). 

arma,  -drum,  [  y'ar  (Jit)  +  mum 
(cf.  armus)],  n.  plur.,  equipments 
(of  every  kind),  arms,  weapons, 
armor.  —  Fig.,  war,  buttle,  contest, 
anus  :  potens  armis.  —  Also, 
armed  men,  warriors,  forces.  — 
Less  exactly,  means  of  defence  or 
attack  :  quaerere  conscius  arma. 
—  For  labor,  implements,  tools,  in- 
struments :  Cerealia  arma;  di- 
cendum  et  quae  sint  duris  agres- 
tibus  arma. —  Of  a  ship,  equip- 
ments, tackle.  (See  moveo.) 

ariiiatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  anno. 

Armciiitis,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.'A/>jueia'os], 
adj.,  Armenian^  of  Armenia,  a 
country  of  Asia  (now  Kurdistan 
and  Anatolia). —  Armenia  (sc. 
terra),  f.,  the  country  itself. 


urn ic n tal is,  -e,  [farmento-  (re- 
duced) +  fills],  &&}.,  pertaining  to 
a  herd,  of  the  herd. 

armentarius,  -il,  [farmento  (re- 
duced) +  arius],  (belonging  to  the 
kertT\,  m.,  a  herds/nan,  neatherd. 

arm  CM  (11  in,  -I,  [prob.  >/ar+  men- 
turn],  n.,  cattle  for  ploughing. — 
Less  exactly,  a  drove,  herd,  &c.,  of 
horses,  deer,  or  other  large  ani- 
mals. 

armiger,  -era,  -eruin,  [farmo-ger 
( -y/ges  +  us)  ],  adj.,  bearing  arms, 
armed,  warlike,  an  armor-bearer: 
lovis  (the  eagle,  bearing  the  thun- 
derbolt). 

armipotens,  -ontis,  [farmo-po- 
tens],  &•&},,  powerful  in  arms,  war- 
like, Lord  of  arms. 

armisoniis,  -a,  -um,  [farmo- 
sonus,  having  the  sound  of  arms], 
adj.,  resounding  with  arms,  dad 
in  ringing  arms. 

armo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [armo-], 
I.  v.  a.,  furnish  with  weapons, 
arm :  armare  in  proelia  fra- 
tres ;  agmina.—  Fig.,  arm,  excite, 
rouse,  stir  up.  —  With  other  equip- 
ments, arm,  fit  out,  equip,  fur- 
nish :  bello  armantur  equi;  fer- 
rum  veneno ;  classem.  —  ariua- 
tus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  armed, 
equipped :  classes.  —  Masc.  plur., 
armed  men,  warriors. 

armus,  -I,  [^/ar  (fit)  +  mus,  cf. 
arma],  m.,  the  shoulder,  the  upper 
arm. —  Less  exactly,  the  who le  arm . 
—  Of  animals,  the  slioulders,Jlanks. 

aro,  -a vl,  -atum,  -are,  [  -y/ar,  prob. 
through  a  noun-stem],  I.  v.  a., 
plough. — -Of  a  ship,  plough:  ae- 
quor.  —  Of  Age,  furrow :  frontem 
rugis.  —  Less  exactly,  cultivate, 
inhabit. 

Arpi,  -orum,  m.,  a  town  of  Apulia, 
at  tirst  called  Argos  Hippium,  af- 
terwards Argyripa  (now  Foggia). 

arr-,  see  aclr-. 

Arruiis,  -uiitis,  [Etruscan  word], 
m.,  an  Etruscan  name  (properly  a 
title,  vo linger  son). 

ars,  artis,  [  ^/ar  (cf.  arma)  +  tis 


28 


Vocabulary. 


(reduced)],  f.,  (a  fitting),  skill, 
art,  knowledge,  workmanship, prac- 
tice :  magicae  (arts  of  sorcery} . 
—  Concretely,  a  'work  of  art.  —  Of 
character  and  conduct,  habit,  prac- 
tice. —  Transferred,  cunning,  arti- 
fice, stratagem,  art.  —  Of  plants, 
habit,  artificial  form. 
artifex,  -icis,  [farti-  (ars)  -fex 
(•y/fac  as  stem),  comm.,  generally 
in  the  higher  sense  of  ars],  one 
?<:'//<>  practises  an  art,  an  artist  (cf. 
opifex,  artisan,  mechanic),  work- 
man (of  skill).  —  Esp.,  one  who 
practises  arts,  a  trickster,  contriver. 

1.  artus    (arc-),    -a,   -um,    [prob. 
•y/arc  (arx,  arceo)  +  tus,  p.p.  of 
arceo],  adj.,  confined  (cf.  area), 
narrow,   close,  strait:   compagea 
{close-fitting)  ;     vincla.  —  Fig., 
straitened,  scanty,  small. 

2.  artus,  -us,  [Var  (cf-  arma)  + 
tus],   m.,    (a  fitting).     Concr.,  a 
joint.  —  Less    exactly,   parts    (of 

the  world).  —  Extended,//^  body, 
frame. 

ariuidineiis  (har-),  -a,  -um, 
(farundin  (stem  of  arundo)  + 
eus],  adj.,  of "or  pertaining  to  reeds, 
reedy,  reed-  :  silva. 

aruiido  (har-),  -iiiis,  [?],  f.,  a 
reed,  cane.  —  Sing.,  collectively, 
reeds.  — •  Fig.,  things  made  of  reed, 
a  fishing-rod,  an  arrcnv  shaft,  tin 
arrow,  a  reed  pipe,  syrinx  (of  sev- 
eral reeds). 

ariispex,  see  haruspex. 

urviiia,  -ac,  [?],  {.,  grease,  fat,  suet, 
lard :  pinguis. 

arviiui,  see  arvus. 

arvus,  -a,  -um,  [ ^/ar  (aro) -|-  vus], 
adj.,  ploughed.  —  Neut.,  land  (cul- 
tivated), a  field.  —  Transferred: 
arva  Neptunia  (the  sea}.  —  a 
shore,  a  coast.  —  the  female  organs 
of  generation. 

arx,arois,  [-y/arc  (in arceo,  area  j 
as  stem],  f.,  a  castle,  citadel,  stmng- 
hold.  —  Less  exactly,  a  height :  CO- 
eli. —  Of  mountains,  peak,  sum  mi  I. 

Asbytes,  -ae,  [?],  m.,  a  Trojan. 

Ascanlus,  -ii,  [Gr.  'A<r/cav(os],  ra. : 


I.    A  son  of  .Eneas  and  Creusa, 

called  also  lulus ;  2.   \  river  and 

lake  in  l.ithynia. 
asccudo,  see  adsccndo. 
asceiisus,  see  adseeiisus. 
ascisco,  see  adscisco. 
Ascracus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  'Afncpa?os], 

adj.,  of  Ascra,  a  town  in  IS'cotia; 

Ascrtsan :   senex    (i.e.,    //. 

—  Less  exactly,  ofllesiod:  carmen 
(i.e.,  rural). 

asellus,  -i,  [fasino  +  lus],  m.  dim., 

„  a  little  ass,  an  ass's  colt. 

Asia,  see  Asius. 

Asilas,  -ac,  [?],  m.,  an  Etruscan 
warrior. 

asilus,  i,  [?],  m.,  a  gadfly,  horsefly. 

Asius,  -a,  -mil,  [Gr."A«rioj],  adj.,  of 
or  pertaining  to  Asia,  a  town  of 
Lydia,  Asian  :  palus  (the  marsh 
of  the  Cayster, near  that  town). — 
Fein.,  the  province  ofAsia{lAmot). 

—  the  whole  region  Asia. 
Asius,  -i,  in.,  a  Lycian  with  .Enea*. 
aspecto,  see  adspccto. 
aspcctus,  see  adspoctus. 
aspi-r,   -era,   -crum,   [unc.  root  + 

rus],  (-ior,  -crrimus),  adj., 
rough,  mitTeit  :  rubus  ( prickly}  ; 
signis  pocula  ;  sentes.  — Of  taste 
and  Muell,  harsh,  sour,  bitter, acrid, 
pungent.  — -  Fig.,  rough,  harsh, 
hard,  bitter,  violent,  cruel,  fierce  : 
non  asper  egenis  (ww/iv////^) ; 
studiis  asperrima  belli  ;  odia. 

—  Of  animals,  wild,  sarage.  —  Of 
circumstances,  cruel,  adverse,  dis- 
tressing. 

aspcri^O",  sec  adspcrgo. 

a.spcro,  -iivi,  -atuni,  -are,  [fas- 
pero-],  i.v.  a.,  make  rough  "i-  ////- 
(•,-,•//,  roughen  :  glacialis  liiems 
aquilonibus  asperat  undas. 

aspersus,  see  adspersus. 

aspieid,  see  adspieio. 

aspiro,  see  adspiro. 

asporto  fabs-), -iivi, -atuni,  -are, 
[abs-porto],  I .  v.  a.,  carry  or  bear 
,  <  arry  t>ff\  take  away  (of  per- 
sons <T  iliings)  :  comitem  aspor- 
tare  Creusam. 


Vocabulary. 


29 


Assaraoiis,  -I,  [Gr.  'A<r<ra/>ctK-os],  m., 
Assaraciis,  a  king  of  Phrygia,  son 

1  of  Tros,  brother  of  Ganymede  and 
Ilus,  father  of  Capys,  and  grand- 
father of  Anchises. 

assensus,  see  adsensus. 

assentip,  see  adscntio. 

ussorvo,  see  adservo. 

osaideo,  see  adsideo. 
issidue,  see  adsiduc. 

assidmis,  see  adsiduus. 

assimilis,  see  adsimilis. 

assiimilatus,  see  ads-. 

assimulo,  see  adsimiilo. 

assisto,  see  adsisto. 

assueseo, see  adsucsco. 

assuetus,  see  adsuctus. 

assultus,  see  adsultiis. 

a*smn,  see  adsum. 

assiirgo,  see  adsurgo. 

Assyrius,  -a,  -urn,  (Gr.  'Aatrvpios], 
adj.,  of  Assyria  (a  vaguely-bound- 
ed country  of  Asia),  Assyrian. — 
Masc.  plur.,  the  Assyrians.  —  Less 
exactly,  of  all  people  of  that  region, 
Median,  Pliivnician,  &c. 

ast,  older  form  of  at. 

asto,  see  adsto. 

astringo,  see  adstringo. 

astruni,  -I,  [Gr.  acrrpov},  n.,  a  star, 
a  constellation,  a  luminous  celes- 
tial body.  —  As  divinities:  astra 
vocat.  —  Less  exactly  (in  plur.), 
heaven,  the  skies,  on  high :  sub 
astra  (tip  to  the  sky} ;  sic  itur  ad 
astra  (to  the  gods). 

Astur,  -uris,  m.,  an  Etruscan. 

aslus,  -us,  [?],  m.,  craft.  —  In  abl. 
(of  manner),  craftily,  cunningly, 
li'itli  craft. 

Astyanax,  -actis,  (ace.  Asty- 
anarta),  [Gr.  ' Acr-rvava^],  m., 
son  of  Hector  and  Andromache; 
at  the  destruction  of  Troy  cast 
down  by  Ulysses  from  a  tower. 

asylum,  -I,  [Gr.  a<rt/\oi/  {unspoiled, 
i.e.,  a  place  safe  from  violence)], 
n.,  a  place  of  r-efnge,  a  sanctu- 
ary, asylum.  —  Esp.,  tJie  asylum. 
(opened  by  Romulus  on  the  Ca- 
pitoline  hill). 

at  (ast),  [?  cf.  ad],  conj.,  adding 


a  contrasted  but  not  opposite  idea, 
hut  vet,  and  again,  on  the  other 
hand,  still.  —  Of  mere  transition, 
but,  no\i<.  —  Adding  a  contrary  or 
opposite  idea,  but,  but  on  the.  oilier 
hand,  on  the  contrary.  —  After  a 
negative  idea,  but  at  least,  but,  yd 
still :  si  genus  humanum  .  .  . 
temnitis  (=  not  regard);  at  spe- 
rate  deos,  etc. 

atavus,  -I,  [ad-avus],  m.,  a  great- 
great-great-grandfather.  —  Less 
exactly,  an  ancestor,  a  forefather. 

ator,  -tra,  -truin,  [?],  (-trior), 
adj.,  black,  dark,  opp.  to  albus 
(dead  •n'/u'/i.''),  cf.  niger  (jet  black*). 
—  Fig.,  black,  dark,  gloomy,  dis- 
mal, sad,  melancholy,  foreboding  : 
timor ;  ignes  (funereal');  ve- 
nenum  (deadly) ;  speluncae. 

Athesis,  -is,  [?],  m.,  a  river  in 
Upper  Italy  (now  the  Adige  or 
Elsch). 

Athos  (gen.  not  found ;  abl. 
Athonc ;  dat.  and  abl.  Atho ; 
ace.  Atho,  Athon,  Athonem, 
and  Athona),  [Gr.  "AOcas,  later 
"AQdiv,  -cows],  m.,  Athos,  a  high 
mountain  on  the  Strymonian  Gulf, 
in  Macedonia  (now  Monte  Santo). 

Atina,  -ae,  [Gr.  ''Anva],  f.,  a  town 

_  of  Latium. 

Atlnas,  -atis,  m.,  a  Latin. 

Arius  (Att-),  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  Roman 
gentile  name  :  Atii  genus. 

Atlsls,  -antis,  [Gr."ArAos],  m.,  king 
of  Mauritania,  son  of  lapetus  and 
Clymene,  a  lover  of  astronomy; 
changed  by  Perseus,  with  the  aid 
of  Medusa's  head,  into  Mount  At- 
las, because  he  refused  him  a  hos- 
pitable reception.  — The  mountain 
itself  in  Northern  Africa. 

Atlantis,  -idis,  [Gr.  patronymic], 
f.,  a  female  descendant  of  Atlas, 
daughter  of  Atlas.  —  Plur.,  the  Plei- 
ades, his  daughters  (as  a  constel- 
lation). 

atquo,  ae,  [ad-que],  conj.,  adding 
with  emphasis,  stronger  than  et, 
and  also,  and  besides,  and  even, 
and  in  fact,  and.  —  Adding  some- 


Vocabulary. 


thing  unexpected  or  particularly 
important,  and  lo,  and  then.  —  In 
comparisons  (=  quain),  than,  as  : 
baud  secus  ac  (just  as) ;  baud 
minus  ac  (not  less  than). 

atqul  [at-qui],  conj.,  adversative, 
(but  in  some  way),  and  yet,  but 
now,  yet  still. 

Atrides,  -ae,  [Gr.  patronymic],  m., 
son  of  Atreus.  —  1'lur.,  the  sons  of 
Atreus  (Agamemnon  and  Mene- 
laus,  the  leaders  of  the  Greeks  at 
Troy). 

atrium,  -I,  (-H),  [perhaps  fatro  + 
ium,  from  the  blackening  of  the 
household  smoke],  n.,  the  main 
court,  the  hall,  of  a  Roman  house. 

—  Plur.,  halls,  rooms  (generally). 
atrox,  -ocis,  [fatro-  (with  length- 
ened o,  cf.  aegrotus)  +  cus  (re- 
duced), cf.  verbals  in  ax],  (terri- 
ble, dire),  adj.,  savage,  fierce,  wild, 
cruel,  harsh. 

attactus  (adt-),  -us,  [ad-tactus], 
m.,  a  touching,  touch,  contact  (only 
in  abl.  sing.). 

attcro  (adt-),  -trlvi,  -trltum, 
-terere,  [ad-tero],  3.  v.  a.,  rub 
against,  rub :  vomer  sulco  (pol- 
ish).—  From  the  effect,  rub  off, 
wear  away.  —  Fig.,  destroy,  injure. 

attingo  (ad-),  -tigi,  -tactum, 
-tingere,  [ad-tango],  3.  v.  a.  and 
n.,  touch  against,  come  in  contact 
7. '////,  touch  :  ore ;  dextras  (reach). 

—  Of   local    relations,   come   to   a 
place,  approach,  reach,  arrive  at, 
or   attain    to    a    place :    proram 
(gain} ;     te    Aurora    (overtake, 

find). 

attollu  (adt-),  no  perf.,  no  sup., 
-ere,  [ad-tollo],  3.  v.  a.,  lift  up, 
raise  up.  —  Pass,  ov  with  reflexive, 
lift  one's  self  up,  rise  up,  rise,  ap- 
pear :  se  in  femur.  —  Of  building, 
erect,  construct,  raise  :  immensam 
molem.  —  Fig.,  raise,  rouse,  lift 
up :  iras  (of  a  snake).  —  Pass,  or 
with  reflexive,  rise,  grow  :  Punica 
se  gloria. 

attondeo  (adt-),  -tondi,  -ton- 
sum,  -tondere,  [ad-tondeo], 


2.  v.  a.,  shave,  trim,  clip  :  vitem. 

—  With    the    teeth,    crop, 
ln-owsf,  grate  on  :    virgulta   ca- 
pellae. 

attonitus  (adt-),  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
attqiio. 

attond  (ad-),  -ni,  -itum,  -are, 
[ad-tono],  (thunder  at),  i.  v.  n. 
Fig.,  seize  with  divine  furor,  render 
frantic,  infuriate,  frenzy.  —  at- 
tonitus, -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
frenzied,  frantic,  amazed,  con- 
founded:  matres. 

attorqueo  (adt-),  no  perf.,  no  sup., 
-ere,  [ad-torqueo],  2.  v.  a.,  hurl 
(to  or  towards)  :  iaculum. 

al  1  r!ictiis,-a,-uin,  p.p.  of  attraho. 

attraho  (ad-),  -xi,  -otum,  -ere, 
[ad-traho],  3.  v.  a.,  draw  to  or 
towards  one's  self.  —  Fig.,  draw, 
attract,  allure. 

attrecto  (adt-),  -iivl,  -atum,  -are, 
[ad-tracto] ,  I .  v.  a..,  handle,  touch. 

attritus  (adt-),  -ii,  -um,  p.p.  of 
attero. 

Atys,  -yos,  [Gr/Arus],  m.,  a  young 
Trojan. 

auctor,  -oris,  [ -^aug  +  tor] ,  m., 
(agent  of  growth) ,  father,  founder 
(of  a  family) ,  progenitor,  sire  (of 
animals).  —  Of  buildings,  _/&;/«</<•>-, 
builder,  artist.  —  Fig.,  promoter, 
adviser,  contriver  :  fatis  auctori- 
bus  (by  order  of).  —  Of  cause, 
originator,  source,  author:  teli. 

—  Of  information,  author,  infor- 
mant,   narrator,    authori!\ 
responsibility,    security,    voucher, 
surety,  guarantee,  authority  :  cer- 
\&sn (more  trustworthy  authority)  : 
si  lupiter  auctor  spondeat  (as 
a  voucher). 

aiidiix,  -aids,  [lost  or  supposed 
verb-stem  (cf.  audeo)  +  CUS  (re- 
duced)], adj.,  daring (\\\  good  and 
bad  sense),  bold,  courageous, fear- 
less, undaunted :  populus.- — More 
commonly  in  bad  sense,  bold,  au- 
dacious, rash,  presiijiiptiious,  fool- 
hardy, reckless :  coepta ;  audax 
viribus  (presuming  on). 

audcns,  -entis,  p.  of  audeo. 


Vocabulary. 


audeo,  ausus  sum,  -ere,  (subj. 
perf.  ausim),  [noun-stem  in  6, 
perhaps  favido-,  cf.  ardeo], 

2.  semi-dep.,  venture,  dare  :  talia ; 
sperare.  —  audens,  -cntis,  p.  as 
adj.,  daring,  bold,  intrepid,  fear- 
less.^ 

audio,  -IvI  (-11),  -Itum, -Ire,  [akin 
to  auris,  ausculto],  4.  v.  a.,  hear, 
//<•<!>•  of,  listen,  learn.  —  Esp.,  hear 
(as  a  judge),  examine  into,  in- 
quire into:  dolos. —  obey,  heed: 
neque  audit  currus  habenas. 

audit  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  audio. 

aufero,  abstuli,  ablatum,  au- 
ferre,  [ab  (abs)-fero],  v.  a.  irreg., 
take  or  bear  away,  carry  off,  re- 
mffiif,  shut  out  (of  the  sky,  cf.  eri- 
pio) .  —  With  reflexive,  remove, 
withdraw,  retire,  depart.  —  With 
idea  of  violence  or  stealth,  snatch 
away,  rob,  steal,  wrest  from  :  ani- 
mam  (rob  of  life).  —  Esp.,  sweep 
off  or  away,  kill,  slay. 

Aufidus,  I,  [?],  m.,  a  river  of  Apu- 
lia (now  Ofanto). 

augeo,  -xl,  -ctum,  -gere,  [  VauS» 
causative  or  fr.  noun-stem],  2.  v.  a., 
(cause  to  grow),  produce,  increase, 
augment,  add  to,  enlarge  :  nume- 
rum (by joining);  Italos  (through 
one's  self,  and  one's  descendants)  : 
si  qua  dona  ipse  auxi  (add 
more) .  —  Esp.,  load  or  pile  up  with 
something,  heap  upon. 

augur,  -uris,  [favi  +  unknown 
root],  comin.,  an  augur,  diviner, 
soothsayer  (who  foretold  the  future 
by  observing  the  notes  or  flight  of 
birds,  the  feeding  of  the  sacred 
fowls,  certain  appearances  of  quad- 
rupeds, and  other  unusual  occur- 
rences).—  Less  exactly,  one  who 
foretells  futurity  by  any  means,  a 
soothsayer,  diviner,  seer  ;  prophetic 
(in  app.  as  adj.). 

augurium,  -I  (-ii),  [augur  +  ium 
(n.  of  -ius)],-n.,  the  observance 
and  interpretation  of  omens,  au- 
gurv. —  Less  exactly,  divination, 
prophecy,  soothsaying,  interpreta- 
tion. —  a  presentiment,  foreboding 


(of  the  future)  :  triste  per  augu- 
rium.  —  a  sign,  omen,  token.  — 
augury  (as  an  art). 

auguro,  -avi,  -Stum,  -are,  [au- 
gur], I.  v.  a.,  act  as  an  augur, 
take  auguries.  —  Fig.,  surmise, 
conjecture,  forebode,  presage :  si 
quid  vera  mens  augurat. 

augustus,  -a,  -um,  [faugus-  (cf. . 
angor,  angustus)  +  tus],  adj., 
magnified  (cL  adolcoand  augeo, 
honor),  sacred,  honorable,  august. 
—  Fig.,  venerable,  magnijlfent, 
noble.  —  Masc.,  Augustus,  title 
(used  as  name)  of  Octavius  Cresar 
as  emperor. 

Augustus,  -I,  m.  ;  see  augus- 
tus. 

au la,  -ae,  (gen.  aulal),  [Gr.  auArj], 
f.,  a  court,  yard,  coitrt-yard,  court 
(of  a  house),  hall.  —  Less  exactly, 
a  palace,  royal  court.  —  Poetically, 
of  the  queen  bee,  royal  cell. 

aulacum,  -i,  [Gr.  auAota],  n.,  a 
splendidly  wrottght  or  embroidered 
stuff,  tapestry,  arras,  a  covering, 
curtain,  canopy,  hangings.  —  Esp., 
the  curtain  of  a  theatre  (which, 
with  the  ancients,  was  fastened 
below;  hence,  at  the  beginning  of 
a  piece  or  an  act,  it  was  let  down ; 
at  the  end  drawn  up.  —  Also,  a 
covering  for  beds  and  sofas,  tapes- 
try. 

Aulestes,  -ae,  m.,  an  Etruscan. 
(Others  read  Auletes). 

Auletes,  see  Aulestes. 

Aulis,  -idis,  [Gr.  At»Ais],  f.,  a  sea- 
port of  Bosotia,  from  which  the 
Greek  fleet  set  sail  for  Troy. 

Auuus,  -I,  m.,  a  Ligurian. 

aura,  -ae,  (gen.  sing.,  aural), 
[Vva  +  raJ>  f->  a*r  On  motion), 
a  breeze,  a  breath  of  air.  —  In 
more  violent  motion,  wind,  a  breeze, 
•  a  blast.  —  Fig.,  breath,  breeze: 
famae.  —  More  gen.,  the  air,  the 
atmosphere  :  simplex  (ether  — 
aether) .  —  As  inhaled,  air,  vital 
air.  — Opposed  to  the  earth  or  to 
the  world  below,  the  heavens,  the 
•upper  air,  the  upper  'world :  ad 


Vocabulary. 


auras  (to  ///<•  open  air  out  of  con- 
cealment or  retirement)  ;  sub  au- 
ras (/o  light).  —  P>y  an  unc.  con- 
nection of  ideas,  a  gleam,  glitter- 
ing :  auri.  —  From  association,  an 
odor,  exhalation. 

auratus,  -a,  -11111,  [as  if  p.p.  of 
auro  (which  was  perhaps  in  use, 
cf.  inaiiro)],adj.,  (set  with  gold), 
overlaid,  ornamented,  or  plated 
with  gold,  gill,  gilded :  trabes  ; 
tempera  (adorned  with  gold)  i.e., 
with  a  helmet). 

aurcus,  -a,  -uin,  [fauro  (reduced) 
-f  eus],  adj.,  golden,  of  gold :  coro- 
na. —  Like  a  u rat  us,  adorned,  set, 
or  wrought  with  gold,  gilded :  tec- 
ta ;  cingula.  —  Fig.,  of  color  or 
appearance,  gleaming,  glittering, 
golden,  yellow  :  sidera  ;  mala  ; 
caesaries.  —  Less  exactly,  beauti- 
ful, magnificent,  superb  :  Venus  ; 
gens;  saecula  (the golden  age). 

auricoinus,  -a,  -inn,  [fauro-coma 
(declined  as  adj.)],  adj.,  with  gold- 
en hair.  —  Fig.,  with  golden  leaves 
or  foliage. 

auriga,  -ae,  [possibly  akin  to  auris 
and  ago,  cf.  aurea,  headstall], 
comm.,  driver,  charioteer.  —  Less 
exactly,  groom. 

auris,  -is,  [fausi-  (cf.  ovs,  on-Js)], 
f.,  the  car :  vellere  (as  an  admo- 
nition, the  ear  being  the  seat  of 
memory).  —  Fig.,  the  ear  of  the 
plough,  the  mould-  or  earth-board 
by  which  the  furrow  is  widened 
and  the  earth  turned  back. 

auritus,  -a,  -uin,  [as  if  p.p.  of 
faurio,  from  auri(s),  cf.  aura- 
tus],  adj.,  having  large  cars,  long- 
eared:  lepores. 

aurora,  -ae,  [-v/us  (see  uro)»  f°r 
ausosa],  f.,  the  morning,  dawn, 
daybreak :  rubescebat  Aurora  ; 
nona.  —  Personified,  Aurora,  the 
goddess  of  the  morning,  daughter 
of  I  lyperion,  wife  of  Tithonus,  and 
mother  of  Memnon. — The  eastern 
country,  the  East. 

an ru in,  -i,  [  v/us  (cf.  aurora,  uro) 
+  um  (n.  of  -us)],  (the  sinning 


metal},  n.,  gold.  —  Of  things  of 
gold,  a  goblet,  a  bit,  a  hair-/i,uii/, 
gold  coin,  money. 

Auruncus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  of  or  per- 
taining to  Aurunca  (an  old  town 
in  Campania),  Anrniican  :  senes. 
—  Aurunci,  -oriim,  masc.  plur.. 
the  Auruiii'i. 

ausim,  see  audeo. 

Ausones,  -uin,  [Gr.  A&rovfs],  m., 
a  very  ancient  name  of  the  people 
of  Southern  Italy. 

Ausonitlac,  -arum,  [Greek  patro- 
nymic of  Auson,  supposed  progen- 
itor of  the  Ausones,  see  Ausones], 
m.,  the  Italians. 

A 1 1  so  n  ins,  -a,  -um,  [Auson  +  ius], 
adj.,  Ausonian,  Italian,  Latin. — 
Ausonia,  f.  (sc.  terra),  Italy. — 
Masc.  plur.,  the  Italians. 

auspex,  -icis,  [favi-fspex,  ^/spec 
as  stem],  comm.,  an  augur,  di-'i- 
ner,  soothsayer. — Fig.,  di rector  (see 
auspieium),  gunk,  leader,  pro- 
tector:  dis  auspicibus  (under  the 
guidance  of  the  gods). 

auspieium,  -i  (-ii),  [fauspic-  + 
ium  (n.  of  -ius)],  n.,  augury  (from 
birds),  auspices.  —  Less  exactly, 
sign,  omen,  divine  premonition  : 
melioribus  auspiciis.  —  Because 
only  a  commander  could  take  the 
auspices,  command,  guidance,  au- 
tliorily,  right,  po-vcr,  inclination, 
will :  meis  auspiciis;  infaustum 
Turni  auspieium  (/'//-  omened 
rule. ) 

austcr,  -trl,  [ y'us  -f  ter  (t-tro,  cf. 
-trum)],  m.,  a  south  wind  (dry 
and  hot). — As  an  agreeable  wind  : 
sibilus  iuvat.  —  As  disagreeable  : 
floribus  immisi.  —  For  winds  in 
general:  furentes. 

aiistrimis,  -a,  -um,  [faustro  (re- 
duced) -f  inus],  adj.,  pertaining 
to  ihe.  south,  southern. 

aiisiim,  -I,  [n.  of  ausns,  p.p.  of 
aiiileo  in  pass,  sense],  n.,  an  at- 
tempt, enterprise,  daring  deed. 

aiisus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  audeo. 

aut  [unc.,  but  cf.  autem  and  Gr.  av~], 
conj.,  introducing  an  alternative. 


Vocabulaiy. 


33 


—  Regularly  exclusive,  of,  or  else  : 
quae  nemora  aut  qui  saltua; 
haedos  depone  aut  si  ...  vere- 
mur  licet  eamus  (or  in  case,  &c.) ; 
quid  furis,  aut  quonam  nostri 
tibi  cura  recessit  ?  (or  if  you  arc 
sane).  —  Repeated,  either  .  .  .  or  : 
aut  Turnus  aut  Rhodope  pu- 
erum  edunt.  —  After  negatives 
(expressed  or  implied)  ;  not  exclu- 
sive, hut  distributing  the  negation  : 
quis  aut  Eurysthea  aut  nescit 
Busiridis  iras;  quid  labor  aut 
benefacta  iuvant.  —  nee  . . .  aut, 
neither  . . .  nor  ;  nee  Austros  aut 
imbrem.  —  Without  exclusion  or 
negation :  Anthea  siquem  videat 
aut  Capyn ;  aut  Ararim  Par- 
thus  bibet  aut  Germania  Ty- 
grim. 

autciu  [cf.  aut],  conj.  Introducing 
a  more  or  less  strong  antithesis, 
or  even  a  mere  transition,  hut 
always  with  some  contrast,  but,  on 
the  contrary,  on  the  other  hand.  — 
also,  too,  again,  now,  but  then,  how- 
-,  furthermore,  then  again. 

Aiitoiiieddii,  -ontis,  [Gr.  Ain-ojue- 
Swv],  m.,  a  son  of  Diores  and  char- 
ioteer of  Achilles. 

autor,  -oris,  etc.,  see  auctor. 

autuiniius(auot-),  -I,  [for  aucto- 
minus,  faueto  (cf.  augco)  + 
minus,  cf.  Gr.  p.  -^aei/os],  m.,  au- 
tumn (the  season  of  increase). 

a u \ iliu m,  -I,  [akin  to  augeo,  lost 
noun-stem  +  ium] ,  n.  Abstr.,  help, 
niil,  support,  assistance,  succor . 
viae  auxilio  {aid  for  their  jour- 
ncv). — Concrete,  usually  plural, 
instruments,  means,  or  sources  of 
aid,  means  of  assistance,  resources. 
—  Ksp.,  military  auxiliaries, 
forces,  allies.  —  Also,  fig.,  remedy, 
lielp,  relief. 

avarus,  -a,  -um,  [lost  noun-stem 
(cf.  aveo  and  avidus)  +  rus], 
adj.,  eager,  eagerly  desirous  :  agri- 
cola. —  Esp.,  avaricious,  covetous, 
greet/v  of  money,  iv:c.  —  Of  persons 
or  things :  litus. 

avectus,  p.p.  of  aveho. 


aveho,  -xi,  -ctum,  -crc,[ab-veho], 

3.  v.  a.,  bear,  carry,  convey  away  : 
socios.  —  Pass.,  be  carried  away, 
ride  or  sail  away :  avecti  (hav- 
ing sailed  away). 

avello,  -veil!  or  -vulsi,  -vulsum, 
-vellere,  [ab-vello],  3.  v.  a.,  tear 
or  pull  away  or  off,  pluck  out,  sep- 
arate from  an  object  by  pulling, 
part  or  remove  forcibly :  Palla- 
dium. 

avena,  -ac,  [?],  f.,  oats:  steriles 
avenae.  —  Fig.,  a  stem  or  stalk, 
a  straw,  reed.  —  Poet.,  an  oaten 
pipe,  pastoral  or  shepherd' 's  pipe. 

1.  Avciitinus,  -I,  m. ;    -um,  -i,  n. 
(prop,    adj.),    [?],    the   Aventine, 
one  of   the  seven    hills  of  Rome, 
extending  from  the  Palatine  to  the 
Coelian    Hill;    until   the  reign  of 
Ancus    Martins,    without   the   city 
proper. 

2.  Avciitinus,   -I,    in.,   a   supposed 
son  of  Hercules. 

Avernus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  ofo\-  belong- 
ing to  lake  Avernus,  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Cuma;,  Puteoli,  and 
Baioe,  almost  entirely  enclosed  by 
steep  and  wooded  hills  (now  J.ago 
d'1  Averno) .  Its  deadly  exhalations 
killed  the  birds  flying  over  it  ; 
hence  in  fable  it  was  placed  near 
the  entrance  to  the  lower  world. 
—  Neut.  plur.,  Avcrna,  -oriiiu, 
the  neighborhood  of Aventus,  places 
near  or  about  Avernus,  the  lower 
world. 

aversus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  averto. 

iiverto  (avor-,  abv-),  -ti,  -sum, 
-tere,  [ab-verto],  3.  v.  a.,  turn 
away,  avert,  turn  off,  turn  aside, 
keep  off  (by  turning  aside)  :  regem 
Italia.  —  Pass,  or  with  reflexive 
(sometimes  without),  turn  away, 
depart,  retire,  withdraw.  —  From 
driving  away  booty,  carrv  off,  steal. 
• —  Fig.,  turn  awav,  divert,  keep 
off.  —  avert,  war  doff ':  omen  ;  ca- 
sum;  pestem  (remove};  curas 
(end^).  —  avorsus,  -a,  -um,  p.p. 
as  adj.,  turned  or  turning  awav, 
withdrawn,  retiring,  looking  as- 


34 


Vocabulary. 


kance.  —  Fig.,  averse,  unfriendly, 
hostile,  estranged. 

aviarius,  -a,  -um,  [tavi  +  firius], 
adj.,  pertaining  to  birds,  of  birds, 
bird-  :  rete  (bird-net).  —  Neut.,  a 
place  where  birds  are  kept,apoultry- 
yard,  an  aviary.  —  Less  exactly, 
the  resort  of  wild  birds  in  a  forest. 

avidus,  -a,  -um,  [favo-  (whence 
aveo)  +  dus],  adj.,  longing,  desir- 
ous, eager :  medullae  (burning 
with  passion) . 

avis,  -is,  [?],  f.,  a  bird. 

avitus,  -a,  -um,  [noun-stem  akin  to 
avus  +  tus,  cf.  auritus],  adj.,  of 
or  belonging  to  a  grandfather,  de- 
rived from  a  grandfather.  —  Less 
exactly,  of  or  belonging  to  an  an- 
cestor, ancestral :  solium. 

avius,  -a,  -urn,  [ab-via  (inflected 
as  adj.)],  adj.,  that  is  at  a  distance 
from  the  way,  that  goes  out  of  on  is 


remote  from  the  way  :  hence,  also, 
untrodden,  unfrequented:  vir- 
gulta.  —  Neut.,  a  pathless  or  out- 
of-the-way  place.  — Transferred,  of 
persons,  wandering,  straying :  in 
mojites  sese  avius  abdidit  altos. 

avolo,  -avi,  -atiiiti,  -are,  [ab- 
volo],  i.  v.  n.,yfy  away. 

aviinculus,  -I,  [lost  stem  favdn  + 
culus,  cf.  avus],  m.  dim.,  a  inotli- 
er's  brother,  maternal  uncle  (cf. 
patruus,  paternal  uncle). 

avus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  grandfather,  an 
ancestor,  a  grandsire. 

axis,  -is,  [perhaps  akin  to  ago], 
m.,  an  axle-tree :  faginus  axis. 
—  Fig.,  the  axis  of  the  // 
(supposed  to  turn  as  spheres) ; 
the  pole,  the  north  pole.  —  I  .ess 
exactly,  the  heavens :  atlas  axem 
umero  torquet ;  aetheris  axis 
(the  ethereal  heaven). 


B. 


baca  (bacc-),  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  berry 
(either  edible  or  not),  small  fruit 
(cf.  pomum,  larger  fruit). — 
Esp.,  of  the  olive. 

bacatus  (bacc-),  -a,  -um,  [baca 
+  tus  (cf.  barbatus)],  adj.,  set 
or  adorned  with  pearls. — In  later 
poets  baca  is  used  for  pearls: 
morale  {pearl  necklace). 

biicra,  see  baca. 

Imccar  (-char),  -aris,  [Gr.  &O.K- 
X&pts~\,  n.,  the  baccar,  bacchar,  or 
baccharis  ;  a  plant  with  a  fragrant 
root,  which  yielded  a  kind  of  oil, 
ace.  to  some,  purple  foxglove.  It 
was  supposed  to  possess  magic 
powers. 

bacchattis,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
bacchor. 

Bacchicus  (-ius,  -eus,  -eius),  -a, 
-um,  [Gr.  adjs.  paxxtKbs,  etc.], 
adj.,  of  or  pertaining  to  Bacchtts, 
Bacchic. 

bacchor,  -atus  sum,  -ari,  [fBac- 
cho-],  I.  v.  dep.,  celebrate  the  festi- 
val of  Bacchus.  —  Less  exactly, 
revel,  rave,  rage,  or  rant  in  any 


way  ;  go  or  run  about  in  a  wanton, 
wild,  raving,  or  furious  manner  : 
per  urbem.  —  Fig.,  fly  or  run 
wildly:  fama.  —  bacchatus,  a, 
-um,  p.p.  in  pass,  sense,  sought  in 
revels  (of  a  place  where  the  i.T^k-s 
were  celebrated)  :  virginibus  bac- 
chata  Lacaenis  Taygeta  (where 
the  maidens  revel). 

Bacchus,  -I,  [Gr.  Bctaxos],  ni., 
Bacchus,  a  son  of  Jupiter  and  of 
Semele,  the  god  of  wine  and  of 
poets.  —  Fig.,  the  vine:  Bacchus 
amat  colles.  —  wine:  hilarans 
convivia  Baccho. 

Bactra,  -orum,  [Gr.  Bctarpa],  n., 
Bactra,  the  chief  city  of  Bactria  or 
Bactriana  (now  Balkh). 

Baiae,  -arum,  [Gr.  Bofa],  f.,  a 
small  town  in  Campania,  on  the 
coast  between  Cumse  and  Puteoli, 
a  favorite  resort  of  the  Romans  on 
account  of  its  warm  baths  and 
pleasant  situation. 

balatiis,  -us,  [fbala  (stem  of balo) 
+  tus],  m.,  a  bleating:  agnibala- 
tum  exercent. 


Vocabulary. 


35 


Balearls,  -e,  [cf.  Gr. #aA<ap«?r],  adj., 
Bait-uric,  of  the  Baleares,  or  Bale- 
aric Islands,  Majorca  and  Minorca, 
in  the  Mediterranean  Sea.  Their 
inhabitants  were  famed  for  the 
use  of  the  sling.  —  As  subst., 
Baleares,  -ium,  (sc.  incolae), 
m.,  the  inhabitants  of  the  Balearic 
Islands. 

balo,  -avi,  -iitum,  -are,  [prob.  fr. 
the  sound],  I.  v.  n.,  bleat. 

halsaimmi,  -I,  [Gr.  &a\ffaij.ov~\,  n., 
&  fragrant  gum  of  the  balsam -tree, 
balsam. 

balfcus,  -I,  (plur.  baltea),  [?],  m., 
a  baldric  or  shoulder-belt  for  carry- 
ing a  sword,  a  belt  or  band  for 
carrying  a  quiver. 

barathrum,  -I,  [Gr.  /8<x/>a0/>oi/] ,  n., 
an  abyss,  chasm,  gulf,  deep  pit. 

barba,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  the  beard,  of 
men  or  animals :  barba  cadebat. 

barbaricus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  /3ap/3a- 
PIKOS,  adj.  from  /3ap£apoy],  adj.,  of 
or  pertaining  to  a  barbarian, 
foreign,  strange,  barbaric,  bar- 
barous. 

barbarus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Pa.p&apos~] , 
adj.,  fore ign,  strange,  barbarous: 
barbara  tegmina  crurum. 

Han-ad,  -orum,  [masc.  plur.  of 
Barcaeus,  Gr.  BopKaZos],  m.,  Bar- 
c it tins,  inhabitants  of  Barce,  a  town 
in  Libya. 

Barce,  -es,  [Gr.  Bap/ci?],  f.,  the 
nurse  of  Sicha_-us. 

Batulum,  -I,  n.,  a  town  built  by 
the  Samnites  in  Campania. 

Bavins,  -I  (-11),  m.,  Bavins,  a  bad 
poet,  contemporary  with  Virgil  and 
Horace,  and  obnoxious  to  both. 

beatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  bco  as  adj., 
happy,  prosperous,  blessed,  fortu- 
nate :  Eurotas  ;  sedes  (Elysium). 

Bebrycius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  of  or  be- 
longing to  Bebrycia  (a  province  of 
Asia  Minor,  afterwards  called  Bi- 
thynia,  the  country  of  Amycus,  a 
famous  boxer),  Bebrycian. 

Bel^idis,  -a,  -um,  [fBelga-  (or 
Belgo-)  +  cus],  adj.,  Bclgic,  of  the 
Belg<£  or  Belgians,  a  warlike  peo- 


ple of  German  and  Celtic  origin 
dwelling  in  the  north  of  Gaul. 

Belides,  -ae,  [Gr.  patronymic],  m., 
a  descendant  of  Belus  (see  Belus). 

bellator,  -oris,  [fbella-  (stem  of 
bello)  +  tor],  m.,  a  warrior,  sol- 
dier, fighting-man. —  As  adj.,  that 
wages  or  carries  on  war,  warlike, 
war-,  ready  to  fight,  martial,  val- 
orous :  deus  (the  warrior-god, 
Mars) ;  equus  (war-horse'} . 

bellatrlx,  -Icis,  [fbella  (stem  of 
bello)  +  trix],  fern,  adj.,  that 
wages  or  carries  on  war,  warlike ; 
warrior  (female). 

bellipotens,  -entis,  [fbello-po- 
tens],  adj.,  powerful  or  valiant 
in  war.  —  Masc.,  the  god  powerful 
in  war,  i.e.,  Mars. 

bello,  -avi,  -atum,  are,  [fbello-], 
I.  v.  n. ;  and  bellor,  perhaps  no 
perf.,  -ari,  I.  v.  dep.,  wage  o*  car- 
ry on  war,  to  war  :  pictis  bellan- 
tur  Amazones  armis. 

Belloiia,  -ae,  [unc.  form  (cf.  pa- 
tronus)  from  stem  of  bellum], 
f.,  the  goddess  of  war,  and  sister 
of  Mars. 

bellua,  see  belua. 

bellum,  -I,  [unc.  form  akin  to  duo 
and  perhaps  dls-],  n.,  war,  -war- 
fare. —  Personified,  War. 

belua  (bell-),  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  beast 
(large  or  ferocious),  a  monster  (as 
an  elephant,  lion,  wild  boar,  whale, 
dolphin);  Lernae  (the  Hydra). 

Belus,  -I,  [Gr.  Bf/Aos,  same  word  as 
j5f/or  Baal~\,  m.,  a  mythic  name 
of  several  Eastern  kings,  among 
others,  of  several  ancestors  of  Dido. 

Benacus,  -i,  m.,  a  deep  and  rough 
lake  in  Gallia  Transpadana,  near 
Verona,  through  which  the  Min- 
cius  {I\Iincio~)  flows  (now  Lago  di 
Garda~). 

bene  [abl.  of  bonus],  (melius, 
optime),  adv.  Of  every  kind  of 
excellence,  well,  beautifully,  ably, 
rightly,  honorably,  favorably,  pros- 
perously, fully,  completely :  olentes 
(sweef). 

benefactum,    -i,     [p.p.    neut.    of 


Vocabulary. 


benefacio],  n.,  (a  thing  well  done, 

absolutely),  a  good,  honorable, 
praiseworthy  act ;  good,  honorable 
action;  heroic  deed. —  (a  thing 
well  done  to  or  for  some  one),  a 
benefit,  kindness,  service. 

>>"iii<>-iius,  -a,  -uin,  [fbono-genus 
( \/gen  +  us),  ofgoodbirth~\,  adj., 
( )f  persons  as  to  feelings  or  beha- 
vior, good,  kind,  friendly,  pleasing, 
favorable,  mild,  benignant,  kindly. 
—  Transferred,  kindly,  friendly  : 
mens. 

Berecyntius,  -a,  -urn,  (-eynthi- 
us),  [(Jr.  BepeKiWios],  adj.,  of  or 
pertaining  to  Berecyntus,  a  moun- 
tain in  Phrygia,  sacred  to  Cybele, 
on  the  river  Sangarius,  Bcrecyn- 
tinn.  —  Fein.,  the  Berecyntian  god- 
dess or  mother  (Cybele). 

Beroe,  -es,  [Gr.  BepJ?;],  f. :  I.  One 
of  the  Oceanidoe,  or  ocean  nymphs  ; 
2.  The  wife  of  Doryclus  of  Epirus, 
in  the  Trojan  company. 

IJmnor,  -oris,  [Gr.  fiia,  avfip],  m., 
an  ancient  hero,  the  founder  of 
Mantua. 

bibo,  bibi,  bibitum(?),  bibcro, 
[redup.  -y/Pa  (m  potus)],  3.  v.  a., 
drink :  Ararim  Parthus  bibat 
{drink  of} ;  ut  gemma  bibat.  — 
Of  things,  imbibe,  drink,  drink  in  : 
sat  prata  biberunt ;  bibit  ingens 
arcus  (draw  water,  of  the  rain- 
bow) .  —  Fig. :  longum  amorem 
{drink  in  long  draughts  of  love, 
of  Dido). — Transferred,  bring 
forth  or  draw  forth,  drink  (cf. 
haurio)  :  hasta  bibit  cruorem. 

bibulus,  -a,  -uin,  [lost  stem  fbibo 
+  lus],  adj.,  drinking  readily  or 
freely.  —  Fig.,  of  things,  that  draws, 
sticks  in,  or  absorbs  moisture,  bibu- 
lous, absorbent,  thirsty  :  arena. 

bieolor,  -oris,  [bi  (for  dvi,  cf.  bis) 
-color],  adj.,  of  two  colors,  two-col- 
ored:  equus  {dappled'). 

bicornis,  -e,  [bi  (for  dvi,  cf.  bis) 
-cornu  (weakened)],  adj.,  with  two 
/tor us,  two-horned. —  Fig.,  with  two 
points,  two-horned,  tivo-f  routed  : 
furcae. 


bi<lens,-cntis,  [bi  (for  dvi,  cf.  bis) 
-dens] ,  adj.,  w<ilh  two  teeth.  —  Fein., 
an  animal  for  sacrifice,  victim. — 
Fig.,  with  two  points,  two-pronged : 
forfex.  —  Masc.,  a  hoe  with  two 
iron  teeth. 

biter,  -fera,  -ferum,  [bi  (for  dvi, 
cf.  bis)  -fer  (y'fer+us)],  adj., 
bearing  twice  a  year,  twice-bear- 
ing :  biferi  rosaria  Paesti. 

biforis,  -e,  [bi  (for  dvi,  cf.  bis  > 
-foris],  adj.,  with  two  doors  :  bifo- 
res  valvae  {double  doors).  —  Fig., 
two-fold,  double:  biforem  dat  ti- 
bia cantum  (because  two  pipes 
were  used,  giving  a  double  open- 
ing)- 

biformis,  -e,  [bi  (for  dvi,  cf.  bis) 
-forma  (weakened)],  adj.,  two- 
formed,  two-shaped :  Minotaurus 
(part  man  and  part  bull). 

bifrons,  -ontis,  [bi  (for  dvi,  cf. 
bis)  -frons],  adj.,  with  two  fore- 
heads ;  or.  in  a  wider  sense,  with 
two  faces,  double-faced  (an  epithet 
of  Janus). 

bij>-ae,  -arum ;  also  -a,  -ae,  [bi 
(for  dvi,  cf. bis)  -fagus  (lost  adj., 
skin  to  ago,  cf.  agilis,  auri^i  . 
f.,  a  pair  of  horses,  a  span,  double 
team.  —  Fig.,  a  car  or  chariot 
drawn  by  two  horses. 

biiugis,  -e,  [bi  (for  dvi,  cf.  bis) 
-iugum  (weakened)],  adj.,  yoked 
two  together  :  equi  (  pair  of  horses) . 

biiugus,  -a,  -um,  [cf.  preceding], 
adj.,  yoked  two  together,  leones 
{yoked  in  pairs} ;  certamen  (the 
contest  with  the  bigne,  two-horse 
race). —  Masc.  plur.  (sc.  equi), 
two  horses  yoked  abreast,  a  pair, 
span. 

bilinguis,  -e,  [bi  (for  dvi,  cf.  bis) 
-lingua  (weakened,  cf.  bilingu- 
us)],  adj.,  with  two  tongues.  — 
Fig.,  double-tongued,  false,  treaeli- 
erous :  Tyrii. 

bilix,  -It-is,  [bi  (for  dvi,  cf.  bis) 
+  stem  akin  to  licinm  ',  adj.,  with 
a  doul'le  thread,  two-threaded,  two- 
ply,  double :  loricam. 

hiiiiciubris,   -e,   [bi   (for   dvi,    cf. 


Vocabulary. 


37 


bis)  -membrum  (weakened)  ] ,  adj ., 
liai' ing  double  members. —  .Masc. 
plur.,  two-formed  monsters  (the 
( 'entaurs). 

hiniiis,  -a,  -mil,  [bi  (for  dvi,  cf. 
bis)-  fhimus  (lost  stem  akin  to 
hicms),  of  two  winters'],  adj.,  two 
rears  olil,  of  two  years,  continu- 
ing two  years,  two-year-old. 

bini,  -ae,  -a,  [bi  (for  dvi,  cf.  bis) 
+  nus],  distrib.  adj.,  two  (distribu- 
tively),  two  apiece  or  for  each. — 
I  .ess  exactly,  two,  with  substantives 
plural  only.  —  Of  things  that  are  in 
pairs  or  double  :  scyphos  (a  pair 
ofgo/>/ets) ;  bina  hastilia. 

bipatcns,  -out is,  [bi  (for  dvi,  cf. 
bis)  -patens],  adj.,  opening  in  two 
ways,  open  in  two  directions,  swing- 
ing: portae. 

bipeunis,  -e,  [bi  (for  dvi,  cf.  bis) 
-penna  (weakened)],  adj.,  having 
two  edges,  two-edged :  ferrum.  — 
Fein.  (sc.  securis),  an  axe  with 
two  edges,  double-axe,  battle-axe. 

bipes,  -etlis,  [bi  (for  dvi,  cf.  bis) 
+  pes],  adj.,  two-footed :  equi  (sea- 
horses) ;  mensa. 

biremis,  -e,  [bi  (for  dvi,  cf.  bis) 
-remus  (weakened)],  adj.,  two- 
oarcd,  ha-'ing  two  oars. — As  subst., 
biremis,  -is,  (sc.  iiavis),  f.,  a 
small  vessel  with  two  oars,  a  vessel 
with  two  rows  of  benches  or  two 
banks  of  oars,  ships  (generally). 

bis  [for  dvis,  case-form  of  duo  as 
adv.  (cf.  cis,  ids)],  adv.  num., 
twice,  in  two  ways,  in  a  two-fold 
manner:  bis  in  hora  (twice  an 
hour).  —  With  numerals,  twice  a 
certain  number :  bis  senos.  —  bis 
tanto  or  tantum  (twice  as  great 
or  as  much'). 

IJisaltar,  -arum,  m.,  a  Thracian 
people  on  the  Strymon. 

bisseni,  see  bis  and  seni. 

bissextus,  see  bis  and  sextus. 

Bitias,  -ae,  in.:  i.  A  Trojan,  son  of 
Alcanor  ;  2.  A  Carthaginian  no- 
bleman. 

bitumen,  -inis,  [?],  n.,  bitumen. 

bivius,  -a,  -um,  [bi  (for  dvi,  cf. 


bis)  -via,  declined  as  adj.],  adj., 
having  two  wavs  or  passages  : 
fauces  (double). — Xeut.,  a  place 
where  two  roads  meet,  cross  roads, 
corner. 

blandus,  -a,  -um,  [perhaps  for 
mlandus,  akin  to  niollis],  adj., 
of  smooth  tongue,  flattering,  fon- 
dling, caressing :  canes  (affection- 
ate).  —  Fig.,  jlattcring,  friendly, 
kind,  pleasant,  agreeable,  enticing, 
alluring,  charming :  laudes  ;  flo- 
res;  gaudia  (alluring). 

blatta,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  the  blalta,  a 
night  insect,  moth,  bee  moth. 

Bola,  -ae,  (-ae,  -arum),  f.,  a 
very  ancient  town  of  the  ^Kqui,  in 
Latium. 

bonus,  -a,  -um,  (melior,  opti- 
mus),  adj.  Of  every  kind  of  ex- 
cellence :  physical,  good,  beautiful, 
pleasant,  fit,  suitable,  fair.  — 
Neut.  \>\m., gifts  of  fortune,  wealth, 
riches,  property,  goods,  fortune.  — - 
Mental  and  moral,  good,  fit,  able, 
excellent,  skilful,  noble,  virtuous, 
upright,  honest,  &c.  (with  inf.,  skil- 
ful). — favorable,  propitious  :  bo- 
num  sit  (a.  good  omen) ;  bona 
bello  cornus  (well  fitted). — Neut. 
sing,  and  plur.,  advantage,  weal: 
bonis  communibus  obsto. 

Bootes,  -ae,  [Gr.  &ou>rr]s,  plough- 
man~\,  m.,  the  constellation  Bootes. 

Boreas,  -ae,  [Gr.  Bope'as],  m.,  Bo- 
reas, the  mountain  or  north  wind 
(pureLat.aquilo)  :  Boreaepene- 
trabile  frigus.  —  Personified,  Bo- 
reas, the  son  of  the  river-god  Stry- 
mon, and  father  of  Calais  and 
Xetes  by  Orithyia,  daughter  of 
Lrechtheus,  king  of  Attica. 

bos,  bovis,  (gen.  plur.,  bourn), 
[cf.  Gr.  /JoCs],  conim.  gen.,  one  cf 
the  ox  tribe,  an  ox,  a  cow  :  paseite 
boves  (cattle). 

bract-Ilium  (brach-),  -I,  [?],  n., 
an  arm  ;  the  whole  arm,  from  the 
shoulder  to  the  fingers.  —  From 
similarity,  a  branch.  —  Plur.,  the 
sail-yards.  —  a  (natural  or  arti- 
ficial) outwork;  an  arm  for  eon- 


Vocabulary. 


nccting  two  points  in  fortifications 
or  preparations  for  besieging.  —  a 
side-work,  mole,  dike,  in  the  for- 
tification of  a  harbor. 

bractea,  see  brattea. 

brattea  (bract-),  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a 
thin  plate,  leaf  (of  metal). 

brevis,  -e,  [for  fbregvis,  -^/bragh 
+  us,  with  accidental  i  as  in  levis, 
gravis,  cf.  ffgjftg}t  adj.  In  dis- 
tance, extent,  little,  small,  short, 
narrow:  brevis  est  via. —  In 
depth,  small,  little,  shallow  :  vada. 
—  Neut.  plur.,  brevia,  -iiiiu,  shal- 
Icnus,  shoals. 

breviter  [brevi  +  ter  (probably 
neuter  of  -terus  reduced)],  adv. 
Of  space,  shortly,  in  a  small  space, 
at  a  short  distance.  —  In  expres- 
sion, briefly,  in  brief,  with  few 
words,  concisely,  summarily.  — 
Of  time,  shortly,  in  no  long  time. 

Briareus,  -ei,  [Gr.  Bpiapeus],  in., 
a  hundred-armed  giant  (also  called 
sEgicon) . 

Britannus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  of 
Britain,  British.  —  Masc.  plur., 
Britons.  —  Also  their  country, 
Britain. 

Brontes,  -ae,  [Gr.  'Bpovrijs  (Thun- 
derer)], m.,  a  Cyclops  in  the  work- 
shop of  Vulcan. 

briima,  -ae,  [for  brevima  (old  su- 
perlative of  brevis,  cf.  iiittmiis), 
sc.  dies],  f.,  the  shortest  day  in  the 
year,  the  winter  solstice.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, the  winter  time,  winter. 

briintalis,  -e,  [fbruma  (reduced) 
+  alis],  adj.,  of  or  pertaining  to 
the  winter  solstice.  —  wintry,  of 
winter:  frigus. 

Brutus,  -i,  [brutus,  heavy,  dull'}, 
m.,  a  Roman  family  name.  —  Esp., 
L.  Junius  Brutus,  who  expelled 
Tarquinius  Superbus.  He  was  saved 
by  his  feigned  stupidity  (hence  the 
name). 

bilbo,  -onis,  m.  (f.  only  once),  an 
owl,  the  horned  owl,  the  cry  of 
which  was  considered  as  ill-boding. 

bubulcus,  -I,  [fbubulo+  cus],  in., 


an  ox-driver  or  wagoner,  one  who 
ploughs  with  oxen,  a  ploughman. 

biiccina,  -ae;  see  buciiin. 

biicina  (bucc-),  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a 
shepherd's  horn.  —  a  trumpet  : 
bello  dat  signum  rauca  cruen- 
tum  bucina. 

bucolicus,  -a,  -uin,  [Gr.  &OVKO\I- 
KO'S],  adj.,  relating  t«  herdsmen.  -- 
Only  neut.  plur.,  luirolica,  name 
of  the  Eclogues,  as  the  songs  of 
herdsmen. 

biicula,  -ae,  [fbov-  (bos)  +  cula], 
f.  dim.,  a  heifer. 

bufo,  -onis,  [?],  m.,  a  toad. 

bulla,  -ae,  [cf.  bullo,  biillio],  f., 
a  water-bubble,  bubble.  —  ]• 'ig.,  a 
boss,  stud. 

lui  mast  us,  -i,  [Gr.  /JOU/UHTTOJ],  f., 
the  bumastuS,  a  species  of  grape 
with  large  clusters. 

buris,  -is,  [?],  m.,  hinder  part  of  a 
plough,  plough-tail. 

Busiris,  -Mis,  [Gr.  Boixripis],  m., 
Busiris,  a  king  of  Egypt,  who 
sacrificed  strangers,  and  was  him- 
self slain  by  Hercules. 

bustuni,  -I,  [n.  p.p.  of  unc.  verb, 
but  cf.  comburo],  n.,  the  burned 
pyre, pyre  (after  burning),  funeral 
pile:  semusta. —  the  hillock  raised 
over  the  ashes  of  a  burned  corpse, 
a  tomb.  —  Plur.,  same  meaning. 

But cs,  -ae,  [Gr.  BOI/TTJS],  m. :  i .  S.  >n 
of  Amycus,  king  of  the  IJebry- 
cians,  slain  by  Dares  at  the  tomb 
of  Hector  ;  2.  An  armor-bearer  of 
Anchises  and  guardian  of 
nius ;  3.  A  Trojan,  perhaps  the 
same  as  2. 

Buthrotuni,  -I,  [(jr.  Bod^wrtfr], 
n.,  a  maritime  town  of  Epirus  (now 
Butrinto) . 

buxus,  -i,  (sometimes  -uni,  -i,  n.), 
[Gr.  iri/|oy],  f.,  the  box-tree,  box- 
wood. —  Of  things  made  of  box- 
wood, a  pipe  or  Jltitc. 

IJyi-sa,  -ac,  [prob.  a  Phoenician 
word  (=  Bosra),  confounded  with 
tti'vrra.  (a  hide)],  f.,  the  citadel  of 
Carthage. 


Vocabulary. 


39 


c. 


caoumen,  -inis,  [unc.  stem  (cf.  Sk. 
kakud,  mountain)  +  men],  n.,  the 
extreme  end,  extremity,  or  point  of 
a  thing  ;  the  peak,  top,  utmost  point 
(whether  horizontal  or  perpendic- 
ular). 

Cams,  -!,[?,  cf.  Caca],  m.,  a  mythi- 
cal monster  of  Italy  who  robbed 
Hercules  of  Geiyon's  cattle,  and 
was  on  that  account  slain  by  him. 

cadaver,  -eris,  [akin  to  cado],  n., 
a  dead  body,  a  corpse. — Of  beasts, 
a  carcass. 

oadens,  p.  of  cado. 

cado,  eccidi,  casuin,  cadere, 
[  -^cadj ,  3.  v.  n.,  fall  down,  be  pre- 
cipitated, sink  down,  fall:  barba 
(under  the  sheai-s)  ;  vela  (are  low- 
ered} ;  de  montibus  umbrae  (are 
thrown  by)  ;  imbres  (drop) .  —  Of 
stars,  &c.,  decline,  set :  sidera.  — 
In  death,  fall,  perish,  be  slain. — 
Fig.,  happen,  come  to  pass,  befall 
one,  occur  to  one  :  cadit  in  quen- 
quam  tantum  scelus  (be  con- 
ceived}; quocunque  res  cadent. 

—  decrease,  diminish,  perish,   de- 
cay, cease,  subside,  abate  :  fragor  ; 
animi  (sink).  —  p.p.  as  adj.:  pa- 
tria    cadens    (failing,  going    to 
ruin ) . 

caducus,  -a,  -urn,  [lost  stem  in  u 
(from  y'cad  in  cado)  -f  cus], 
adj.,  that  falls  or  has  fallen,  fall- 
ing: frondes  volitare  caducas. 

—  Esp.,  of  those  who  fall  in  battle, 
<S:c.,  falling  ot  having  fallen  dead : 
bello  caduci  Dardanidae.  —  Less 
exactly,  demoted  to  death,  destined 
to  die :  iuvenis. 

eadus,  -I,  [Gr.  woSoj],  m.,  a  large 
earthen  vessel  for  containing  li- 
quids (esp.  wine),  a  botlle,  flask, 
jar.  —  a  funeral  urn  :  aenus. 

Caea,  see  Cea. 

Cnrrulus,  -i,  [dim.  of  farms, 
fcaeco  +  lus],  m.,a  son  of  Vulcan, 
founder  of  Pnvneste. 

caecus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  blind. — 


Transferred,  dark,  invisible,  con- 
cealed, secret,  hidden  :  caligo ; 
fores;  Mars  (blind  warfare). — 
Fig.,  uncertain,  dubious,  blind: 
fata ;  undae  (unknown)  ;  pari- 
etes  (deceptive) ;  ignes  (mean- 
ingless, acting  blindly) ;  murmur 
(  undistinguishable) .  —  blind,  heed- 
less, reckless  :  auri  amor. 

caedes,  -is,  [y'cad-f  -es  (-is),  two 
steins],  f.,  a  cutting  or  lopping  off. 
—  Of  persons,  a  cutting  down, 
slaughter,  murder.  — Concretely, 
a  person  slain  or  murdered ;  the 
slain.  —  blood  shed  in  slaughter, 
gore. 

Caedicus,  -I,  [?,  cf.  caedes],  m.,  a 
Rutulian  warrior,  perh.  two. 

caedo,  cecidi,  caesuin,  cacdere, 
[•y/cad  (increased,  as  causative)], 
3.  v.  a.,  (cause  to  fall),  cut,  fell, 
lop,  cut  down,  hew,  throw  down, 
cut  off,  cut  to  pieces.  —  P'ig., 
slaughter,  slay,  sacrifice. — Trans- 
ferred, shed  (of  blood). 

caelatus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  caelo. 

caelestis, -e  (sometimes  gen.  plur., 
caelestum),  [fcaelit-  (stem  of 
caeles,  heavenly*)  -f  tis(cf.  agres- 
tis  and  adjs.  in  -ticus)],  adj.,  (of 
or  pertaining  to  the  heavenly),  of 
heaven,  heavenly,  celestial :  animi 
(souls  of  the  gods) .  —  Plur.,  comm. 
gen.,  the  inhabitants  of  heaven,  the 
gods. 

caelicola,  -ae,  [-y/caeli-fcola  (cf. 
incola)],  comm.  gen.,  inhabitant 
of  heaven,  deity,  god. 

cat'Iicolniii,  gen.  plur.;  see  caeli- 
cola. 

caclifcr,  -fern,  -ferum,  [fcaeli- 
fer  ( -v/fer  +  us)  ] ,  adj .,  supporting 
the  heavens,  heaven-supporting: 
Atlas. 

caelo, -a vi,  -atuin,  -are,  [fcaelo-], 
I .  \'.  a.,  emboss,  carve  in  relief, 
engrave,  carve :  bipennis  ;  Ma- 
vors  caelatus  ferro  (embossed  on 
steel). 


40 


Vocabulary. 


carl ii in,  -1,  [?],  n.,  the  sky  (cf. 
eaelo),  the  heavens,  Heaven  :  ru- 
ina  caeli  {deluge  of  the  sky,  the 
whole  heavens  falling) ;  quarta 
caeli  hora  {fourth  hour,  as  indi- 
cated by  the  sky)  ;  de  caelo  tac- 
tae  quercus  {struck  by  lightning} . 
—  the  air,  atmosphere,  tempera- 
ture, weather :  mores  caeli  {course 
of  the  -weather} .  —  Poetically,  day. 

Caeneus,  -el,  [Gr.  Kcureifc],  m., 
Cteneus :  I.  A  girl  originally 
named  Csenis,  daughter  of  Elatus, 
changed  by  Neptune  into  a  boy. 
Ace.  to  Virgil,  he  again  became  a 
female  ;  2.  A  Trojan  warrior. 

caeiium,  -I,  [?],  n.,  dirt,  filth,  mud, 
mire  (always  with  the  access,  idea 
of  loathsomeness). 

Caere,  n.  indecl.,  (gen.  Caeritis, 
abl.  Caerete,  f.),  Ccere,  a  very 
ancient  city  of  Etruria,  previously 
called  Agylla  (now  Cervetere). 

carruleus,  -a,  -uin,  [?],adj.,  dark 
blue,  cerulean,  sea-green,  green  : 
angues  ;  colla  ;  glacies.  —  Neut. 
plur.,  the  sea.  —  From  similarity, 
of  things  connected  with  water, 
blue:  Thybris.— Opposed  to  bright 
colors,  dark, gloomy,  black  :  vittae. 

Caesar,  -aris,  [?],  m.,  a  family 
name  in  the  gens  Julia.  —  Esp. : 
I.  C.  Julius  Casar,  the  conqueror 
of  Gaul,  and  the  opponent  of  Pom- 
pey  in  the  civil  war,  assassinated 
by  Brutus  and  Cassius  ;  2.  C.  Oc- 
tavius  Cifsar,  called  Augustus,  the 
Roman  emperor,  the  friend  and 
patron  of  Virgil. 

caesaries,  el-,  [?],  f.,  the  hair  of 
the  head,  the  locks. 

caespes  (ees-),  -pitis,  [?],  m., 
turf,  sod,  the  turf  (grassy  plain)  : 
congestum  caespite  culmen. 

caestus  (ces-),  -us,  [perh.  y'caed 
-f  tus],  m.,  a  ceslus  (a  kind  of 
glove  for  boxing,  made  of  a  thong 
loaded  with  lead  and  worn  round 
the  hand). 

caesus,  -a,  -inn,  p.p.  <>f  canlo. 

caeterus,  -a,  -uin,  caetra,  -ae; 
incorrect  for  ceterus. 


caetra  (ce-),  -ae,  [borrowed  word 
from  native  Spanish],  f.,  a  cetra 
(a  short  Spanish  buckler),  a  buck- 
ler'. 

Caicus  (Cay-),  -i,  [Gr.  Kafoos],  m. : 
I.  A  river  of  Greater  Mysia,  which 
takes  its  rise  on  Mount  Teuthras, 
passes  near  Pergamus,  and  falls 
into  the  sea  at  Lesbos  (now  the 
Mandragora} ;  2.  One  of  the  com- 
panions of  /Eneas. 

Caieta,  -ae  (-e,  -es),  f . :  i.  The 
nurse  of  ^Eneas  ;  2.  A  town  and 
harbor  in  Latium  {nov/Ga'eta),  sup- 
posed to  have  been  named  for  her. 

Calaber,  -bra,  -uin,  [perhaps  akin 
to  caleoj,  adj.,  of  Calabria,  the 
country  in  Lower  Italy  from  Taren- 
tum  to  the  promontory  lapygium 
(now  7^erra  d'Otranto},  Cala- 
bria n. 

Calabria,  -ae,  f.,  Calabria. 

calamus,  -I,  [Gr.  /coAa^ioy],  m.,  a 
reed,  cane.  —  Fig.,  of  things  made 
of  reeds,  a  reed-pipe,  an  arrow.  — 
Less  exactly,  a  straw  of  grain,  a 
stalk,  stem,  blade. 

ca  la  thus,  -ij  [Gr.  KoAaOos],  m.,  a 
ii<icker-basket,  a  hand-basket  (wi- 
dening towards  the  top). —  From 
similarity,  a  milk-boivl,  milk-p< ul ; 
a  -wine-cup. 

calcar,  -aris,  [for  calcare,  neut. 
of  calcaris  (fcalc  +  firis)],  n., 
{a  thing  belonging  to  the  heel},  a 
spur. 

Calchas,  -antis,  (ace.  Gr.  Cal- 
chanta),  [Gr.  KoA.xa*]>  m-»  a  son 
of  Thestor,  the  most  distinguished 
seer  among  the  Greeks  at  Troy. 

calco,  -avi,  -at  um,  -are,  [fcalc- 
{heel}~\,  I.  v.  a.,  tread  something 
or  upon  something,  tread  under 
foot:  mixtaque  cruor  calcatur 
arena  ( is  trampled  in  llie  sand} . — 
From  the  result,  trample  in,  tread 
down,  press,  crowd,  press  together 
close  or  firm,  press  in  :  hue  ager 
ille  malus  dulcesque  a  fontibus 
undae  ad  plenum  calcentur  {into 
this  let  this  poor soil and fresh  ivater 
l>e  trodden  down). 


Vocabulary. 


calculus,  -i,  [fcalc-  (stone)  +  ulus, 
as  if  calco  +  lus],  in.  dim.,  a  small 
stone,  a  pebble.  —  Collectively,  in 
sing.,  gravel. 

rak't'acio  (calf-),  -feel,  -factunij 
-facere,  3.  v.  a. ;  pass.,  calef  io 
(calflo),  -factus  sum,  -fieri, 
[unc.  form  (akin  to  caleo)  -facio] , 
make  warm  or  hot,  •warm,  heat.  — 
Fig.,  rouse  or  excite,  fire,  heat : 
calefactaque  corda  tumultu. — 
flush,  cause  to  glow  (of  blushing)  : 
ora  calefacta  (//lushed'). 

calefactus  (calf-),  -a,  -urn,  p.p. 
of  calefacio. 

calef  io,  -ieri  ;  see  calefacio. 

caleo,  -ui,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [lost  stem 
fcalo-  (cf.  calidus),]  2.  v.  n.,  be 
•warm  or  hot,  glow  :  ture  (of  an 
altar).  —  Pies.  p.  as  adj.,  warm: 
membra  (still  unchillea,  in  death) . 

Gales,  -iuin,  f.,  Cafes,  a  town  in 
southern  Campania,  celebrated  for 
its  wine  (now  Calvi). 

calidus  (caldus),  -a,  -um,  [lost 
stem  fcalo-  (cf.  caleo)  +  dus], 
adj.,  warm,  hot.  —  Fig.,  fiery, 
spirited,  fierce. 

1.  caligo,   -iiiis,   [lost  stem  caligo 
+  o(n),  root  in  clam,  celo],  f., 
a  thick  atmosphere,  a  mist,  -vapor, 
fog,  darkness. 

2.  caligo,    no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -are, 
[lost  stem  caligo  (whence  caligo, 
-inis),  same  root  as  clam,  celo], 
I.  v.  n.  and  a.     Neut.,  be  involved 
in    darkness,    be    dark,    gloomy: 
caligans  lucus.  —  Act.,    veil    in 
darkness,  darken,  obscure :   mor- 
tales  visus. 

Calliope,  -es,  (-ea,  -ae),  [Gr.  KaA- 
AIOTTTJ,  KaAAioTTfia  (having  a  beau- 
tiful voice')'},  f.,  the  chief  of  the 
Muses,  goddess  of  epic  poetry,  and, 
in  the  poets,  sometimes  of  every 
other  kind  of  poetry ;  the  mother 
of  Orpheus  and  of  the  Sirens. 

Calliopea,  see  Calliope. 

callis,  -is,  [?],  m.s  a  stony,  uneven, 
narrow  foot-way  ;  a  foot-path,  a 
mountain-path,  &c. ;  a  path  (of 
cattle). 


calor,  -oris,  [v^l  (in   caleo)  -f- 

or],  in.,  warmth,  heat,  glow  (of 
any  kind,  as  in  Eng.). 

calta  (caltha),  -ae,  f.,  a  strong- 
smelling  flower  of  a  yellow  color, 
perhaps  marigold. 

caltha,  see  calta. 

calx,  calcis,  [?],  f.,  the  heel. — 
Less  exactly,  the  foot :  calcemque 
terit  iam  calce. 

Calybe,  -es,  f.,  priestess  of  Juno 
among  the  Rutuli. 

Calydon,  -onis,  (Gr.  ace.  Caly- 
dona),[Gr.  KoAuSeic],  f.,  Calydon, 
a  very  ancient  town  of  /Etolia,  on 
the  river  Evenus.  It  was  the 
abode  of  CEneus,  father  of  Melea- 
ger  and  Deianira,  and  grandfather 
of  Diomedes. 

Camaena,  see  Cainena. 

Camarina,  see  Camerina. 

Caineua  (-aena,  -oena),  -ae, 
[tcasmen  (later  carmen)  +  a, 
same  root  as  cano],  f.,  (goddess 
of  song,  cf.  Pomona),  a  muse  (the 
proper  Latin  name,  cf.  iimsa  bor- 
rowed from  Greek). 

Camerina  (Camar-),-ae,  [Gr.  Ka- 
juapiva],  f.,  a  town  of  Sicily,  by  a 
marsh  of  the  same  name. 

Gamers,  -ertis,  [lost  stem  fcamer 
(svhence  also  Camerinus)  +  tis 
(reduced)],  adj.,  of  Camerinum 
(a  town  in  Umbria,  now  Cameri- 
no) .  —  Name  of  an  Italian  warrior. 

Camilla,  -ae,  [cf.  next  word],  f.,  a 
Volscian  heroine,  killed  in  the  war 
between  /Eneas  and  Turnus. 

Camillus,  -i,  [camillus,  a  young 
religious  servant,  probably  akin  to 
cano,  carmen,  Cainena],  in., 
a  name  of  several  persons  of  the 
gens  Furia,  the  most  distinguished 
of  whom  was  .)/.  Fur  ins  Camillus, 
who  conquered  Veii,  and  delivered 
Rome  from  the  Gauls. 

caminus,  -i,  [Gr.  KO.IJ.IVOS'],  m.,  a 
smelling  furnace,  a  forge  or  smithy. 
—  Plur.,  chimneys,  the  crater  of 
/Etna,  where  were  supposed  to  be 
the  forges  of  the  Cyclops. 

Campanus,  -a,  -um,  [fcampo  (re- 


Vocabulary. 


duced)  +  anus] ,  adj.,  Campanian, 
of  Campania  (a  district  of  south- 
ern Italy)  :  urbs  (Capua). 
campus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  an  even,  flat 
place ;  a  plain,  field:  Mavortis 
(the  Campus  Martins,  a  plain  at 
Rome  outside  the  walls,  once  be- 
longing to  the  Tarquins.  After- 
wards it  was  dedicated  to  Mars, 
and  became  the  meeting-place  of 
the  Roman  people.  In  it  was  the 
tomb  of  Augustus  and  his  family). 

—  Coll.,    land.  —  a   level  surface 
(of  the  sea  or  a  rock)  :  campi  sa- 
lis ;     immota    attollitur    unda 
campus.  —  Fig.,  a  free,  open  space: 
liquentes  (the  fields  of  air). 

camurus  (-erus),  -a,  -urn,  [akin 
to  camera],  adj.,  crooked,  turned 
inwards  :  camuris  sub  cornibus 
aures. 

canalis,  -is,  [?],  m.,  a  channel, 
canal ;  a  pipe,  a  trough,  a  conduit : 
ilignis  potare  canalibus  undam. 

cancer,  -cri,  [?],  m.,  a  crab,  sea- 
crab. —  the  Crab  (the  sign  of  the 
Zodiac). 

candens,  -ntis,  p.  of  candeo. 

candeo,  -ul,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [lost 
stem  fcando-  (-y/can  in  can  us, 
caneo),  cf.  candor,  candidus], 
2.  v.  n.,  be  of  brilliant  or  glittering 
whiteness,  shine,  glitter,  glisten.  — 
Fig.,£/0zf  (with  a  glistening  color), 
be  glowing  hot :  fa  villa.  —  can- 
dens,  -ntis,  p.,  glistening,  shin- 
ing, white :  vacca. 

candid  us,  -a,  -um,  [fcando  (noun- 
stem,  whence  candeo)  +  dus], 
adj.,  glistening,  dazzling white,  pure 
white,  white,  clear,  bright:  Can- 
dida luna ;  Dido  (fair) ;  barba. 

—  Of  the  face  of  a  divinity,  di- 
vinely fair. —  populus  (the  white 
or  silver  poplar). 

candor,  -oris,  [stem  of  candeo, 
treated  as  root,  +  or],  m.,  a  daz- 
zling, glossy  whiteness ;  a  clear 
lustre,  clearness,  radiance,  bright- 
ness, brilliancy,  splendor. 

caiicns,  -nt is,  p.  of  caneo. 

caneo,  -ui,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [fcano-], 


2.  v.  n.,  be  white,  gray,  or  hoary. 

—  canens,    -ntis,    p.,    white.  — 
aged:  lumina. 

canis,  -is,   [?],  comm.  gen.,  a  dog. 

—  the   Dog    (the    constellation)  : 
major  or  Icarius,  whose  brightest 
star  is  the  Dog-star  (canicula) ; 
and  minor,  minusculus,  or  Eri- 
goneius   (commonly  called  ante- 
canis).  —  the  sea-dog;   plur.,  and 
mythically,  of  the  dogs  of  Scylla. 

canistra,  -drum,  [Gr.  Kavaffrpa] , 
n.  plur.,  baskets  woven  from  reeds, 
bread-,  fruit-,  flower-,  &c.,  baskets 
(esp.  for  religious  use  in  sacrifices;. 

canities,  -em,  -e,  [canus,  through 
some  intermediate  stem],  f.,  a  grav 
or  grayish-white  color,  hoariness. 
— _Fig.,  gray  hair. 

cano,  cecini,  no  sup.,  canere, 
[•y/can,  orig.  cas],  3.  v.  a.  and  n. 
Neut.,  of  voice  or  instrument,  sing, 
sound,  play :  frondator  ad  auras. 

—  With  cog.  ace.,  sing,  recite,  com- 
pose .•  carmina;  signum  (sound). 
—  Of  subject  of  song,  sing  of,  cele- 
brate: reges  et  proelia;  bella  ex- 
hausta  (tell  of). — Of  any  religious 
or  inspired  utterance,  repeat,  recite, 

prophesy,  foretell,  interpret :  vota 
lunoni.  —  Of  things,  forebode. 

Canopus,  -i,  [Gr.  Vidvia&os,  Kdvta- 
iros],  m.,  an  island-town  in  Lower 
Egypt,  on  the  western  mouth  of 
the  Nile. 

canor,  -oris,  [ -y/can  +  or],  m.,  mel- 
ody, tone,  sound,  song. 

canorus,  -a,  -um,  [perhaps  canor 
+  us,  but  cf.  decorus],  adj.,  of  or 
pertaining  to  melody,  melodious, 
harmonious, sounding:  a.ves(/tuu'- 
////);  Threicia  fretus  cithara 
fidibusque  canoris. 

cantharus,  -I,  [(jr.  KavQapos],  m., 
a  cantharus  (a  large,  wide-bellied 
drinking-vessel  with  handles),  a 
tankard, pot  (esp.,  used  by  Bacchus 
and^his  followers). 

canto,  -tavi,  -tatum,  -tare,  [fcan- 
to],  I.  v.  n.  and  a.  intens., produce 
(with  energy)  melodiorts  sounds, 
sound,  sing,  play.  —  Neut. :  Area- 


Vocabitlary. 


43 


des  ambo,  et  cantare  pares,  etc. 

—  Act.  with  cog.  ace.,  sing,  play, 
recite.  • —  With  ace.  of  the  subject 
of  song,  sing,  celebrate  or  praise  in 
song,  sing  of:  dignus  cantari.  — 
Esp.,    use    enchantments ;     utter 
spells,    charms,    or    incantations  : 
frigidus  in  pratis  cantando  rum- 
pitur  anguis  (by  spells) . 

.•aiitus,  -us,  [-^/can  +  tus],  m., 
tone,  sound,  melody,  singing,  song. 

—  Of  instruments,  blast. 
canus,    -a,    -uin,    [?],    adj.,  gray, 

ash-colored,  hoary,  white  :  fluctus; 
fides  {clothed  in  -white}  ;  mala 
(downy,  quinces) . 

capella,  -ae,  [fcapro-  (cf.  agcr) 
+  la],  f.  dim.,  a  she-goat. 

Capenus,  -a,  -uin,  adj.,  of  Capena 
(a  Tuscan  town  founded  by  the 
Veientes). 

caper,  -pri,  [?],  m.,  a  he-goat,  a 
goat.  _ 

capesso  (-isso),  -essivl  or  -essii, 
-essltum,  -essere,  [akin  to  capio 
through  a  noun-stem],  3.  v.  a.  de- 
sider.,  seize,  take,  or  catch  at  eager- 
ly ;  lay  hold  of.  —  Of  place,  strive 
after,  make  for,  betake  one's  self  to, 
endeavor  to  arrive  at,  go  to,  repair 
or  resort  to  :  tuta  (seek)  ;  Italas 
oras.  —  Fig.,  take  hold  of  any  thing 
with  zeal,  take  upon  one's  self,  take 
charge  of,  undertake,  enter  upon, 
engage  in :  iussa ;  arma  (take 
up) ;  regna  (take  the  throne) . 

Caphareus,  -ei,  [Gr.  K.a<j>apfvs],  m., 
a  rocky  promontory  on  the  south- 
ern coast  of  Eubaea  (now  Capo  del 
Oro). 

capio,  cepi,  captum,  capere, 
[v/cap],  3.  v.  a.  In  the  widest 
sense,  take,  lay  hold  of,  seize :  saxa 
manu.  —  Of  a  position,  take  pos- 
session of,  seize,  hold,  occupy  :  tu- 
mulum.  —  With  ante,  anticipate. 

—  Also,  receive,  hold,  contain.  — 
Fig.,   comprise,    contain,   include, 
have  space  for :    uhda   se  capit 
(keep  within  its  bounds).  —  Fig., 
take,  lay  hold  of,  seize,  resort  to  : 
orgia  (begin) . —  Of  physical  pow- 


ers (so  only  pass.),  be  injured, 
impaired,  weakened :  oculis  cap- 
tus  (blinded}. —  Of  the  mind,  win 
or  gain  by  fair  or  foul  means, 
captivate,  ensnare,  enchain  ;  mis- 
lead, seduce,  delude,  deceive  :  ima- 
gine (ileceive) ;  capta,  of  Dido 
(betrayed}. —  With  the  passions, 
&c.,  as  subjects,  seize,  lay  hold  of, 
affect :  captus  amore ;  te  demen- 
tia cepit.  —  captus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p. 
as  adj.,  captured,  captive,  capti- 
vated.—  Masc.,  a  prisoner,  captive. 

capistrum,  -I,  [fcapid-  (akin  to 
capio)  +trum],  n.,  (a  means  of 
holding),  a  halter,  head-stall  for 
animals.  —  Esp.,  a  nose-piece  or 
muzzle,  with  spikes  to  prevent 
young  animals  from  sucking  after 
they  have  been  weaned. 

Capitolium,  -I,  [developed  from 
fcapit-],  n.,  the  Capitol  at  Rome. 
—  Also  plural. 

capra,  -ae,  [f.  of  same  stem  as 
caper],  f.,  a  she-goat  (either  tame 
or  wild). 

caprea,  -ae,  [fcapro  (reduced)  + 
ea],  f.,  a  species  of  wild  goal,  a  roe, 
roebuck. 

Capreae,  -arum,  [fcapro-  (re- 
duced) +  ea,  cf.  caprea],  f.,  an 
island  in  the  Tuscan  Sea,  off  the 
Bay  of  Naples  (now  Capri). 

capreolus,  -I,  [fcapreo-  (cf.  ca- 
prea) +  lus],  m.,  a  species  of  wild 
goat,  chamois,  roebuck. 

caprigenus,  -a,  -uin,  [fcapro- 
genus  (Y/gen-f-  us)],  adj.,  goat- 
begotten,  goat-born,  of  the  goat 
kind :  pecus. 

captivus,  -a,  -uin,  [stem  akin  to 
captus  +  vus],  adj.,  taken  priso- 
ner, captive. —  Masc.,  a  prisoner, 
captive.  —  Fern.,  a  female  prisoner 
or  captive.  —  Of  animals,  caught  or 
taken.  —  Of  things,  captured,  plun- 
dered, taken  as  booty,  spoiled,  taken 
by  force  :  vestis.  —  Less  exactly, 
that  pertains  or  belongs  to  captives, 
captives' :  sanguis. 

capto,  -avi,  -a  turn,  -are,[tcapto-], 
i.  v.  a.  intens.,  strive  to  seize,  lay 


44 


Vocabulary. 


hold  of  a  thing  with  zeal,  &c.  ; 
catch  or  snatch  at.  —  Fig.,  strive 
after,  desire  earnestly,  seek,  ex- 
plore, search :  frigus  ;  auribus 
aera  (listen  to  catch). 

capt us,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  capio. 

Capua,  -ae,  f.,  the  chief  city  of 
Campania  (now  the  village  of  Sta. 
Maria}. 

rap  n  I  us,  -I,  [fcapo-  (y'cap,  cf. 
capistrum)  +  lus],  m.,  {holder), 
tlic  hilt  of  a  sword,  the  handle  of 
any  thing. 

cap ut,  -itis,  [akin  to  Eng.  kead~\, 
n.,  the  head  (in  all  senses).  —  Of 
animals  (cf.  corpus),  head,  crea- 
ture :  triginta  capitum  fetus ; 
huic  capiti  (to  me}.  —  chief, prin- 
cipal, ruler,  head,  author,  cause : 
urbibus  (of  Rome). —  Of  things, 
head,  top,  summit,  end.  —  Of  riv- 
ers, source.  —  Of  a  city  personified  : 
alias  inter  caput  extulit  urbes 
(of  Rome). 

Capys,  -yos,  [Gr.  Kdirus"],  m. :  I.  A 
companion  of  /Eneas,  said  to  have 
founded  Capua ;  2.  The  eighth 
king  of  Alba  in  Latium. 

Car,  -aris,(acc.  plur.  Gr.  Caras),m., 
a  Carian  (of  Caria,  in  Asia  Minor). 

carbaseus  (-inus),  -a,  -um,  [fcar- 
baso-  (reduced)  +  eus],  adj.,  o/or 
made  of  flax  or  linen  :  sinus  (of 
the  sails). 

carbasus,  -I,  (plur.  -a,  -orum,  n.), 
[Gr.  Ka.pira.ff us} ,  f.,  Spanish  flax. 
—  a  linen  garment.  —  a  sail. 

career,  -eris,  [Gr.  wop/capoi/],  m.,  a 
prison,  jail.  —  From  similarity,  of 
a  race-course,  the  barrier  or  start- 
ing-place. 

carchesium,  -I  (-ii),  [Gr.  Kapxh- 
o-ioy],  n.,  a  cup  (that  is  contracted 
in  the  middle),  goblet. 

cardo,  -inis,  [?],  m.,  the  pivot  and 
socket  (by  which  the  doors  of  the 
ancients  were  fixed,  and  made  to 
open  and  shut),  hinge  (but  not  of 
the  same  kind  as  ours) .  —  Fig.,  thai 
about  which  everything  else  revolves 
or  on  which  it  depends,  turning 
point,  crisis :  rerum. 


carduus,  -i,  [?],  m.,  thistle. 

carectum,  -I,  [fcarec-  (later  -ic) 
+  turn  (n.  of  tus,  cf.  robust  us  ', 
n.,  a  place  covered  willi  .v. 

eareo,  -ul,  -ituin,  -ere,  [?],  2.  v.  n., 
be  without,  be  free  from,  not  lini'c  : 
dolis.  —  deprive  one's  self  of,  do 
without,  resign  :  Latio.  —  be  de- 
prived of:  matre  (of  a  staff  cut 
from  its  tree).  —  careiis,  -ntis, 

E.  as  adj.,  deprived  of,  without: 
ice  (of  the  dead). 

carex,  -Icis,  [?],  f.,  reed-grass, 
sedge. 

carlua,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  the  bottom  of  a 
ship,  the  keel.  —  Fig.,  a  vessel,  boat, 
ship.  —  Plur.,  the  Keels,  a  place  in 
Rome  between  the  C;.ulian  and  Es- 
quiline  hills. 

carmen  (old  form  casnien),  -iuls, 
[y'cas  (in  cano)  +  men],  n.,  a 
poem, poetry,  song,  lay,  verses,  lines. 
—  a  response  of  an  oracle ;  a 
prophecy,  prediction,  as  being  usu- 
ally given  in  verse.  —  a  magic  for- 
mula, an  incantation. —  Less  ex- 
actly, a  tune,  song,  air,  strain 
(vocal,  instrumental,  or  of  birds). 

Carmentalis,  -e,  [fCarmenti-  (re- 
duced) +  iilis,  or  Carmen  ta,  -f  lis], 
adj.,  of  or  pertaining  to  Car  men- 
tis :  porta  (a  gate  of  Rome,  named 
from  Carmcntis). 

Carmentis,  -is,  (elsewhere  Car- 
menta),  [fcarmen  +  tis  (or  ta), 
cf.  srmriit  is,  agrestis],  f.,  (the 
prophetic  or  predicting  one,  cf.  ca  r- 
men),  the  mother  of  Evaader,  «  ho 
went  with  him  from  Arcadia  to  La- 
tium, and  uttered  oracles  on  the 
Capitoline  Hill;  afterwards  hon- 
ored as  a  goddess. 

Carpathius  (Carphatlus),  -a, 
-um,  [fCarpatho-  (reduced)  -f 
ius],  adj.,  Carpathian,  u/Ctirpa- 
(hus  (an  island  in  the  J-'gean, 
now  Scarpanlo~). 

carpo,  -si,  -tuin,  -ere,  [akin  to 
Gr.  Kapiros,  Eng.  Aarvest"],  3.  v.  a., 
pick,  pluck,  pluck  off,  crop,  gather, 
cull  (plants,  flowers,  fruits,  &c.)  : 
primus  vere  rosam  atque  au- 


Vocabulary. 


45 


tumno  carpere  poma.  —  Also  of 
animals,  crop,  pluck  off,  graze  on, 
eat  (plants,  &c.)  :  videbat  car- 
pere gramen  equos.  —  Fig.,  with 
the  idea  of  plucking,  taking,  and 
enjoying  extended  in  various  ways : 
pensa  {spin};  somnos  {enjoy); 
vitales  auras  (breathe'} ;  viam, 
etc.  (tread,  purstie,  cleave,  cf. 
"  pick  one's  way") .  —  Of  the  effect 
of  plucking,  wear  away,  consume, 
waste:  regina  caeco  carpitur 
igni  (is  wasted}. 

CarthfigS  (Ivar-),  -inis,  [prob. 
borrowed  from  Gr.  Kapx'jScoj',  but 
orig.  Phoenician,  meaning  New 
'J\>n>n~],  f.,  Carthage,  the  famous 
city  in  North  Africa  (near  modern 
Tunis),  once  the  rival  of  Rome. 

earns,  -a,  -urn,  [perhaps  akin  to 
rareo],  adj.,  dear,  precious,  val- 
ued, esteemed,  loved. 

rasa,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  simple  or  poorly 
built  house,  a  hut,  cottage,  cabin, 
shed,  &c. :  humiles habitare  casas. 

rasrus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  cheese. 

casia,  -ae,  [Gr.  Kairta],  f. :  I.  A  tree 
with  an  aromatic  bark,  like  cinna- 
mon, prob.  the  wild  cinnamon ; 
2.  A  fragrant  shrub-like  plant, 
mesereon. 

Casinum,  -I,  [?],  n.,  a  Roman  col- 
ony in  Latiuin  (now  J/<?wA?  Casino}. 

Casmilla,  -ae,  [cf.  Camillus],  f., 
the  mother  of  Camilla. 

Casperia,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  town  of  the 
Sabines. 

Caspius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  of  or  belong- 
ing to  the  Caspii  (a  nation  of  Me- 
dia) ;  Caspian  :  regna. 

Cassandra,  -ae,  [Gr.  Kaffvcii/Spa], 
f.,  a  daughter  of  Priam  and  He- 
cuba, priestess  of  Apollo.  Endowed 
by  him  with  prophetic  powers,  she 
continually  proclaimed  the  destruc- 
tion of  Troy,  but,  according  to  the 
terms  of  the  gift,  was  believed  by 
no  one. 

cassf-s,  -iii ill,  [?],  in.  plur.,  hunting- 
net,  snare.  —  From  similarity,  a 
spider's  we/'. 

cassida,  -ae;  see  cassis. 


cassis,  -idis,  (-Ida,  -ae),  [?],  f.,  a 

helmet. 
cassus, -a, -um,  [p.p.  of  quatio?], 

adj.,  empty,  void,  hollow. — Fig., 
wanting,  devoid  of,  deprived  of, 
without :  (with  abl.)  lumine  cas- 
sus. —  vain,  empty,  useless,  futile, 
fruitless.  —  Neut.  ace.,  in  cassum, 
iiicassum,  in  vain,  vainly,  idly  : 
studio  incassum  gestiri  {with  an 
idle  desire,  &c.). 

Castalia,  -ae,  [Gr.  Kao-raXfa],  f.,  a 
fountain  of  Parnassus,  sacred  to 
Apollo  and  the  Muses. 

castanea,  -ae,  [Gr.  Kaa-ravta,  f.  adj. 
from  Ka.(TTavov~\,  f.,  chestnut-tree. 

—  Also,  a  chestnut :  nuces  (in  adj. 
sense). 

castellum,  -I,  [fcastro  +  lum,  cf. 
ager,  from  fagro],  n.  dim.,rt  cas- 
tle, fort,  citadel,  fortress,  strong- 
hold.—  Fig.,  shelter,  defence,  refuge. 

—  a  residence  situated  on  an  emi- 
nence. 

castigo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [lost 
noun-stem  fcastlgo  (fcastS-ago-, 
cf.  procligus)],  I.  v.  a.,  {purify}, 
set  right,  correct,  chastise,  punish  ; 
reprove,  chide,  censure,  find  fault 
with  :  moras  {chide  the  stragglers}; 
castigat  auditque  dolos  (of  a  pre- 
liminary examination  of  criminals). 

Castor,  -oris,  [Gr.  Kao-rwp],  m.,  a 
companion  of  /Eneas. 

castorea,  -orum,  [castor  +  eus], 
n.  plur.,  the  glands  of  the  beaver, 
castor,  musk. 

castrum,  -I,  [unc.  root  +  trum], 
n.  Sing.,  a  castle,  fort,  fortress  : 
Castrum  Inui  (a  city  of  Latium). 

—  Plur.,  (several  works  together), 
a  fortified  military  camp,  an  en- 
campment :  castra  movere  {break 
up,    decamp}. — Of  bees:    cerea 
(hive). 

castus,  -a,  -um,  [p.p.  of  unc.  root], 
adj.,  morally  pure,  unpolluted, 
spotless,  gui'ltless  (of  persons  or 
things)  :  nulli  fas  casto  scelera- 
tum  insistere  limen. — Esp. ,pure, 
chaste,  continent :  matres. — pious, 
religious,  holy,  sacred  (of  persons 


46 


Vocabulary. 


or  things)  :  hac  casti  maneant 
in  religione  nepotes. 

casus,  -us,  [ycad  +  tus],  m.,  a 
falling  down,  a  fall,  &c.  —  Esp.,  a 
fall,  overthrcnv.  —  Fig.,  of  time,  the 
end:  hiemis.  —  Generally,  (what 
befalls),  an  occurrence,  event,  ac- 
cident, chance  :  sub  hoc  casu  (at 
this  crisis) ;  casus  (fate,  collec- 
tively) ;  marini  (dangers  of  the 
sea).  —  Esp.,  an  adverse  event,  a 
bad  condition,  a  misfortune,  mis- 
hap, calamity. 

cateia,  -ae,  [a  Celtic  word],  f.,  a 
kind  of  missile  weapon. 

catena,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  chain,  a  fetter. 

caterva,  -ae,  [?,  cf.  catena],  f.,  a 
crowd,  troop,  bandoi  men.  — Esp., 
a  body  of  soldiers,  a  troop,  com- 
pany, band.  —  Of  animals,  a  flock: 
avium. 

catervatim  [fcatervil  +  tis,  ace.], 
adv.,  in  companies,  in  troops,  in 
or  by  flocks:  catervatim  dat 
stragem. 

Catiiina,  -ae,  [fCatilo  (reduced) 
+  inus,  f.  of  adj.],  m  ,  L.  Sergius 
Catiline,  the  conspirator  driven 
from  Rome  by  Cicero. 

Catillns  (-ilus),  -i,  m.,  a  brother 
of  Tiburtus  and  Coras,  with  whom 
hejiuilt  Tibur. 

Cato,  -onis,  [fcato--f  o],  m.,  (the 
S/ii-i'wd),  a  family  name  in  several 
Roman  gentes.  — Esp.,  M.  Ford  us 
Cato,  the  Censor,  a  rigid  moralist 
and  puritan. — PdsQ,Utifensis,  who 
killed  himself  at  Utica. 

catulus,  -I,  [lost  stem  fcato-  + 
lus],  m.  dim.,  a  young  dug,  a 
whel/>,  puppy  :  sic  canibus  catu- 
los  similes  .  .  .  noram.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, a  cub,  the  young  of  animals 
in  general  (of  the  lion,  of  the  ser- 
pent). 

(  aucasius,  -a,  -nm,  [fCaucaso  + 
ius],  tA\^  pertaining  to  Caucasus, 
Caucasian,  of  Caucasus. 

Caucasus,  -i,  [Gr.  Kawraao;],  m.,  a 
chain  of  rough  mountains,  inhab- 
ited by  wild  tribes,  in  Asia,  be- 
tween the  Black  and  Caspian  Seas. 


caurla  (cod-),  -ae,  [?],  f.,  the  tail 
of  animals :  delphinum. 

caudex  (cod-),  -it-is,  [?],  m.,  the 
trunk  of  a  tree,  stock,  stem  :  cau- 
dicibus  sectis. 

caulae,-arum,  [fcavo  +  la,  dim.], 
f.,  openings,  holes, passages.  —  tig., 
sheepfolds,  sheepcotes :  fremit  lu- 
pus ad  caulas. 

caulis  (col-),  -is,  [Gr.  /cauAo's],  m., 
a  stalk,  stem,  or  shoot 'of  a  plant,  &c. 

Cauloiiia,  -ae,  f. ;  -on,  -onis,  [Gr. 
KauA&w'a] ,  m.,  a  town  founded  by 
the  Acrueans  on  the  east  coast  of 
Bruttium  (in  the  vicinity  of  the 
present  Castel  Vetere). 

Caurus  (Cor-),  -I,  m.,  the  north- 
west wind  (violent  and  dry). 

causa(-ssa),  -ae,  [akin  to  caveo?], 
f.,  a  cause,  reason,  efficient  cause, 
motive,  inducement,  an  occasion, 
opportunity :  Romam  causa  vi- 
dendi  ;  malorum ;  ad  culpam.  — 
Also,  a  feigned  cause,  a  pretext, 
pretence,  excuse :  morandi. 

causor,  -at  us  sum,  -ari,  [fcausa], 
I.  v.  dep.,  assign  or  give  as  a  mi- 
son  (whether  real  or  feigned), 
plead  as  an  excuse,  pretend,  allege, 
&c. :  causando  nostros  in  longum 
ducis  amores  (making  excuses). 

cautes,  see  cotes. 

cautus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  cavoo. 

cavatus,  -a,  -11111,  p.p.  ofcavo. 

cavea,  -ae,  (gen.  caveai),  [fcavo 
(reduced)  +  ea,  cf.  caulae],  f., 
a  hollow  place,  a  cavity.  — Of  bees, 
a  hive.  —  Of  a  theatre,  the  theatre 
(the  circular  part  in  which  the 
spectators  sat),  spectators'  seats  or 
benches  :  consessu  caveae. 

caveo,  cavi,  caiituin,  cavf-rc, 
[?],  2.  v.  n.  and  a.,  he  on  one's 
guard,  take  fare,  take  heed,  beware, 
guard  against,  avoid.  —  With  inf., 
take  care  not  to,  betvare  of:  occur- 
sare  capro.  —  cautus,  -a,  -urn, 
p.p.  as  adj.,  careful,  wary. 

caverna,  -ae,  [lost  stem  fcavus 
(-eris)  -\-  na  (cf.  caves)],  f.,  a 
hollow,  cavity,  cave,  cavern,  grotto, 
hole :  cavernae  curvae. 


Vocabulary. 


47 


cavo,  -avi,  -atuni,  -are,  [fcavo-], 

I.  v.  a.,  make  hollow,  hollow  out, 
excavate.  —  cavatus,    -a,    -um, 
p.p.  as  adj.,  hollow. 
cavus,-a,  -11111,  [?],adj.,(prob.«w»7- 

len},  concave,  excavated,  hollowed 
out,  hollow,  cavernous  :  concha  ; 
flumina  (deep}. —  Of  a  vision, 
•without  substance,  empty,  hollow. 

Caystros(-us),  [Gr.  Kauarpos],  m., 
a  river  of  Ionia,  celebrated  for  its 
swans  (now  Little  Meander). 

Cea,  -ae,  [Gr.  Ke'cus],  f.,  an  island 
of  the  ^Egean,  birthplace  of  Simon- 
ides,  famous  for  its  female  gar- 
ments and  the  fertility  of  its  soil. 

Cecropides,  -ae,  [Gr.  patronymic], 
m.,  a  male  descendant  of  Cecrops. 

—  Masc.  plur.,  the  Athenians,  as 
descendants  of  their  ancient  king. 

Cecropius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  KfKpu- 
irios],  adj.,  of  Cecrops,  Cecropian. 

—  Less  exactly,  of  Athens  or  Atti- 
ca, Athenian,  Attic. 

Cecrops,  -opis,  [Gr.  Ke'/cpo^],  m., 
the  most  ancient  king  of  Attica, 
who  went  thither  from  the  Egyp- 
tian Sais,  and  founded  the  citadel 
of  Athens :  ace.  to  the  fable,  half 
man  and  half  serpent  (or  half  man 
and  half  woman). 

cedo,  cessl,  cessum,  cedere, 
[yced,  simplest  known  form], 
3.  v.  n.,go,  be  in  motion,  move,  make 
way  (cf.  compounds).  —  With  dat. 
or  in,  come  to,  fall  to,  accrue:  vic- 
toria Turno.  —  Esp.,  retire,  make 
wav.  depart,  withdraw :  litora  ce- 
dentia  retro  (receding  in  the  dis- 
tance} ;  ab  ordine.  —  In  military 
sense,  -withdraw,  leave  one's  posi- 
tion. —  ne  fama  cedat  loco  (fig., 
lose  its  prestige) .  —  Fig.,  pass,  pass 
away,  vanish,  depart,  forsake  one  ; 
yield,  give  place,  submit  (of  a  ship 
in  a  race)  ;  salix  olivae  (be  infe- 
rior} ;  nec  cedit  honore  (be  be- 
hind}. — yield,  comply. — prosper, 
succeed :  res  Latio  (success  is 
granted). 

eedrus,  -I,  [Gr.  KfSpos],  f.,  the  ce- 
dar, juniper-tree. 


Celaeno,  -us,  [Gr.  KeXou/w],  f.,  one 
of  the  Harpies. 

celebratus,  p.p.  of  celebro. 

eelebro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fce- 
lebro-,  orig.  stem  of  celeber], 
I.  v.  a.,  resort  or  go  to  in  great 
numbers  or  often,  frequent :  coe- 
tum  ;  litora  ludis.  — go  in  great 
numbers  to  a  celebration,  celebrate, 
solemnize,  keep  a  festival  sacred, 
&c. :  honorem. — honor,  praise, 
celebrate  a  person  or  thing,  cele- 
brate in  song,  render  famous,  sig- 
nalize :  talia  carminibus. 

Celenna  (Celem-),  ae,  f.,  a  town 
of  Campania. 

celer,  -eris,  -e,  [^cel-f  rus  (re- 
duced)], adj.,  (urged  on},  swift, 
quick,  fleet,  speedy :  sagittae ; 
iaculo  celer  (throwing  swiftly) . 

celero,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fcele- 
ro-,  orig.  stem  of  celer],  i.  v.  a. 
and  n.,  quicken,  hasten,  hasten  on. 

Celeus,  -el,  [Gr.  fKeAet/s],  m.,  a 
king  of  Eleusis,  father  of  Triptole- 
mus.  Cf.  Gr.  (ctAeuai. 

cella,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  storehouse. — 
Transferred,  a  cell  (of  bees). 

celo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [akin  to 
clam],  i.  v.  a.,  hide,  conceal,  keep 
secret  something  from  one,  cover. 

celsus,  -a,  -um,  [p.p.  of  cello  as 
adj.],  adj.,  raised  high,  extending 
upwards,  high,  lofty  .•  naves. 

centaureum(-ion),  -I,  [Gr.  Kfvrav- 
petovand  Ktvra.vpiov~\,  n.,  cenlaury, 
a  kind  of  gentian,  a  plant  with  a 
fragrant  root. 

Cent  a  urns,  -I,  [Gr.  KeVrat/pos],  m., 
a  Centaur.  The  Centaurs  were 
wild  people  in  the  mountains  of 
Thessaly,  who  fought  on  horse- 
back ;  ace.  to  fable,  monsters  of 
a  double  form  (the  upper  parts 
human,  the  lower  those  of  a 
horse),  sons  of  Ixion  and  of  a 
cloud  in  the  form  of  Juno.  —  Also, 
the  name  of  a  ship  (hence  fern.), 
the  Centaur  :  magna. 

rente ni,  -ae,  -a,  (poet.,  -us,  -a, 
-um),  [stem  of  centum  (length- 
ened) +  nus],  distrib.  num.  adj., 


Vocabulary. 


a  hundred  each,  a  hundred.  — 
Collectively :  centena  arbore. 

centum,  [?],  indecl.  num.  adj.,  a 
hundred,  indef.,  as  Eng. 

centuingeminus,  -a,  -um,  [cen- 
tura-geminus],  adj.,  a  hundred- 
fold: Briareus  (having  a  hundred 
arms). 

cera,  -ae,  [akin  to  nypos,  perhaps 
borrowed],  f.,  wax. 

cerasus,  -I,  [Gr.  Ktpaffoi],  f.,  the 
cherry-tree  (brought  from  Cerasus, 
in  Pontus). 

ceraunius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  xepavvios'], 
adj.,  of  thunder  and  lightning. — 
Esp.  masc.  plur.,  Ceraunii  mon- 
tes,  the  Ceraunian  mountains  in 
Epirus  (now  Monti  delta  Chima- 
ra).  —  Neut.  plur.,  the  Ceraunian 
mountains. 

Cerberus,  -I,  [Gr.  Ke'pj8e/>os],  m., 
the  three-headed  dog  that  guarded 
the  entrance  to  the  Lower  World. 

Cerealis,  -e,  [stem  akin  to  Ceres 
+  fills],  adj.,  of  Ceres,  wheaten : 
solum  (of  a  cake  used  as  a  plate 
or  trencher).  —  More  generally, 
pertaining  to  grain,  agricultural : 
arma  {tools  of  the  husbandman). 

cerebrum,  -i,  [unc.  stem  (cf.  cer- 
nuus)  +  brurn],  n.,  the  brain. 

Ceres,  -eris,  [-^/cer  (root  of  cres- 
co)  +  es,  cf.  pubes].  f.,  the  god- 
dess of  grain,  daughter  of  Saturn 
and  mother  of  Proserpine.  —  In 
prob.  earlier  meaning, grain,  flour, 
bread. 

eereus,  -a,  -urn,  [ccra  (reduced) 
+  eus],  adj.,  of  wax,  waxen, 
waxy :  castra  (of  bees,  waxy 
fortress} .  —  Of  color  and  appear- 
ance :  pruna. 

eerintha,  -ae,  [Gr.  K-npivOi)'],  f.,  a 
plant  furnishing  food  for  bees. 

cerno,  crevi,  c return,  cernere, 
[ -y/cer  (ere),  suffix  fna],  3.  v.  a., 
sift,  separate  (cf. cribriim,  sieve}. 
—  Fig.  (with  obj.  or  without),  dis- 
tinguish, see,  discern:  ut  cernis.  — 
Decide  by  contest,  contend,  fight : 
ferro.  —  certus,  -a,  -um,  p.p., 
decided,  fixed,  certain,  prescribed : 


foedus.  —  Esp. :   certum  est,  it 

is  determined,  one  is  resolved. — 
Personally,  determined,  resolved 
to  :  eundi ;  mori.  —  From  another 
point  of  view,  fixed,  established, 
undisturbed,  sure  :  domus  ;  re- 
quies ;  certissima  proles  (un- 
doubted}.—  So  also  of  persons, 
certain,  sure,  unswerving,  steady, 
trustworthy,  unerring,  faithful.  — 
Of  a  mental  state,  certain,  sure  : 
certum  (certiorem)  facere  (in- 
form, make  known  to  one). 

cernuus,  -a,  -um,  [akin  to  cere- 
brum], adj.,  head-downwards: 
incumbit  cernuus. 

certamen,  -inis,  [certa-  (stem  of 
certo)  +  men],  n.,  (act  or  men  us 
of  contending),  contest  (either  hos- 
tile or  friendly),  struggle,  battle, 
fight ;  match,  rivalry. 

certatim  [fcertti+tis,  ace.,  cf.par- 
tim],  adv.,  earnestly,  eagerly,  in 
eager  rivalry  (often  translated  by 
a  verb,  vie  with  each  other  in,  &c.). 

certe  [abl.  of  certus],  adv.  In 
affirmation,  certainly,  surely,  as- 
suredly. —  Opposed  to  a  conces- 
sion, yet  surely,  at  least,  at  any 
rate,  still  at  any  rate. 

certo,  avi,  -atuin,  -are,  [fcerto-], 
I.  v.  n.  and  a.  intens.,  (titcide  bv 
contest,  cf.  cerno),  con/end  (with 
hostility  or  otherwise),^///,  strive, 
struggle,  emulate,  vie  with,  rival  : 
remi ;  muneribus ;  solus  tibi 
certat  Amyntas.  —  With  inlin., 
strive,  endeavor :  Phoebum  supe- 
rare  canendo. 

certus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ecrno. 

cerva,  -ae,  [?,  akin  to  coriiu  and 
cerebrum],  f.,  a  hind. 

cervix,  -ids,  [akin  to  cerebrum   , 
f.,  the  neck,  the  back  of  th 
(for   carrying,  burdens),    back  or 
shoulders. 

cervus,  -i,  [root  of  cornu  +  vus], 
m.,  a  stag,  a  deer :  levis. 

i-cspes,  -Itls,  see  caespes. 

cesso,  -avi,  -atuin,  -are,  [fcess5- 

(]).p.  of  cedo)],  'i.  v.  a.  intens., 

way,  cf.  ccdo),  ?wng  back, 


Vocabulary. 


49 


delay,  cease,  slop,  abate,  hesitate,  go 
by  a  roundabout  way,  loiter  :  ge- 
nus telorum.  —  Esp.,  be  idle,  idle  : 
siquid  cessare  potes ;  quidquid 
cessatum  est  {whatever  idleness 
has  been  indulged).  —  Also  of 
things,  lie  idle,  be  inactive  :  nova- 
les  ;  furor  (abate) . 

cestus  (caes-),  -us,  [Gr.  /ce<rr<fc], 
m.,  a  cestus,  a  thong  wound  round 
the  hand  loaded  with  lead  or  iron, 
a  weapon  of  pugilists. 

cete,  see  cetus. 

fceterus  (not  found,  cf.  alter,  etc.], 
-a,  -um,  [fee  (cf.  hie)  +  terus, 
comp.  of  ce],  adj.,  the  other  (im- 
plying only  two,  cf.  alter),  the 
rest,  the  remaining,  the  rest  of: 
rura.  —  Neut.  plur.  as  adv.,  in 
other  respects,  for  the  rest,  for  the 
future,  otherwise. 

Cethegus,  -1,  m.,  a  Trojan. 

cetra,  see  caetra. 

cetus,  -I,  [plur.  n.  cete,  as  if  fr. 
KTJTOS],  m.,  a  sea-monster,  whale, 
shark,  £.c. 

ceu  [fee  (cf.  hie)  -ve  (cf.  neu), 
or  thus],  adv.  With  single  words, 
us,  like,  as  if.  —  With  clauses,  as 
if,  as  when,  just  as. 

Chalcidicus,  -a,  -un>,  [Gr.  XaA.»a- 
SIKO'S],  adj.,  of  Chalcis  (the  chief 
city  of  Euboea),  Chalcidian:  ver- 
sus (of  Euphorion,  a  native  of 
Chalcis).  —  Less  exactly,  of  Cuina- 
(a  colony  of  Chalcis),  Cumaan  : 
arx  (heights  ofCumai). 

Chalybe,  see  Calybe. 

Chalybes,  -um,  [Gr.  XaAufles],  m., 
the  Chalybes,  a  people  of  Pontus, 
noted  for  their  preparation  of  steel. 

clialybs,  -ybis,  [Gr.  x<^wj/],  m., 
steel :  vulnificus. 

Cliaoii,  -onls,  m.,  a  Trojan,  the 
brother  of  Helenas,  and  epony- 
mous hero  of  the  Chaonian  nation. 

Chaonins,  -a,  -um,  [fChaon  + 
ius],  adj.  of  Chaonia  (a  region  of 
Epirus),  Chaonian.  — Chaonia, 
f.,  (sc.  terra),  the  country.  —  Loss 
exactly,  of  Dodona  (a  city  of  Kpi 
rus,  which  whole  country  was  for- 


merly occupied  by  the  Chaonians), 
Dodonian. 

Chaos,  abl.  Chao,  [Gr.  x<">*]'  n-> 
(a  yawning  gulf  ),  the  boundless, 
'  empty  space,  as  the  kingdom  of 
darkness  ;  the  Lower  World.  — 
Personified,  Chaos  (or  Infinite 
Space  and  Darkness). 

Charon,  -ontis,  [Gr.  Xdpuv~\,  m., 
the  ferryman  of  the  Styx,  a  person- 
age probably  borrowed  from  Egypt. 

Charybdis,  -is,  [Gr.  Xrf/w05«],  f., 
a  dangerous  whirlpool  in  the  Strait 
of  Messina,  between  Sicily  and 
Italy. 

Chelae,  -arum,  [Gr.  x7?*0"']'  f-> 
(the  arms  of  Scorpio). —  Less  ex- 
actly, the  constellation  Libra  (into 
which  the  arms  extended). 

chelydrus,  -I,  [Gr.  x«'^"5pos],  m., 
a  water-snake. 

Chimaera,  -ae,  [Gr.  Xl^atpa  (a 
goat)  ] ,  f . :  I .  A  fabulous  monster 
in  Lycia,  which  vomited  forth  fire 
(in  front  a  lion,  in  the  hinder  part 
a  dragon,  and  in  the  middle  a 
goat),  slain  by  Bellerophon ;  2.  The 
name  of  one  of  the  ships  of  /"Kneas. 

Chiron,  -onis,  [Gr.  Xeiptav  (the  one 
with  a  large  hand)~\,  m.,  Chiron, 
a  Centaur  distinguished  by  his 
knowledge  of  plants,  medicine,  and 
divination ;  son  of  Saturn  and 
Phillyra;  the  tutor  of  /Ksculapius, 
Hercules,  and  Achilles ;  placed 
among  the  constellations. 

chlamys,  -ydis,  [Gr.  x*-a/ui5s],  f., 
a  broad,  woollen  upper  garment 
(worn  in  Greece),  sometimes  pur- 
ple and  inwrought  with  gold  (worn 
esp.  by  distinguished  military 
men) ;  a  Greek  military  c/ihik,  a 
slate  mantle. 

Chlorous,  -el,  m.,  a  Phrygian. 

chorea,  -ae,  [Gr.  x°Pf'la  (pertain- 
ing to  a  x"pos],  f.,  a  dance  in  a 
ring,  a  dance. 

chorus,  -i,  [Gr.  -^opui\,  m.,  a  cho- 
ral dance,  a  dance.  —  Of  the  per- 
formers, a  chorus,  dancing  band, 
choir.  —  Less  exactly,  a  multitude, 
band,  troop. 


Vocabulary. 


Chromis,  -is,  [Gr.  Xp<fym],  m. :  A 
young  satyr  ;  2.  A  Trojan. 

oil) us,  -i,  [?],  m.,  food  (of  man  or 
beast) . 

cicada,  -ae,  f.,  the  cicada  or  tree- 
cricket. 

cicatrix,  -icis,  [?],  f.,  a  scar. — 
Less  exactly,  of  a  plant,  mark,  scar, 
wound. 

Cicones,  -um,  [Gr.  Ki'/copes],  m.,  a 
Thracian  people,  whose  women 
were  fabled  to  have  torn  Orpheus 
in  pieces. 

cicuta,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  the  poison  hem- 
lock, cicuta  virosa.  —  Less  exactly, 
a  hemlock  stalk,  or  stem  of  some 
other  similar  herb  used  for  pipes. 

cieo,  civi,  citum,  ciere,  (rarely 
cio,  cire,  cf.  compounds),  [-\/ci, 
of  unc.  meaning],  2.  v.  a.  (causa- 
tive), ^  in  motion,  move,  stir,  agi- 
tate :  aequora;  equos  (urge  on); 
tonitru  caelum  (disturb);  aere 
viros  (rouse,  stimulate}.  —  Less 
exactly,  produce,  call  forth,  cause  : 
lacrimas ;  gemitus ;  simulacra 
pugnae  (counterfeit) ;  stragem 
(make  havoc). —  Fig.,  call  upon  : 
animam  (cf.  vocare)  ;  nocturnes 
manes  (invoke). —  cit  us,  -a,  -uin, 
p.p.  as  adj.,  hurried,  swift,  quick. 

Ciminus,  -i,  m.,  a  lake  of  Etruria, 
near  Sutrium  (now  Lago  di  Ron- 
ciglione),  with  a  mountain-forest 
near  it. 

1.  clnctus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  eingo. 

2.  cinctus,  -us,  [  vcing  +  tus],  m., 
a  girding.  —  Esp.,  cinctus  Ga- 
binus,  the  Gabine girding,  a  man- 
ner of  girding  up  the  toga;   its  cor- 
ner,  being  thrown   over   the   left 
shoulder,  was   brought  under  the 
right   arm   round   to    the    breast. 
(This  manner  was  customarily  em- 
ployed in  religious  festivals.) 

iMii«d,  -xi,  -ctum,  -gere,  [as  if 
y/cing,  perhaps  n  inserted],  3.  v. 
a.,  surround  (in  all  senses).  —  Of 
persons,  gird  on,  gird  with,  gird, 
gird  up;  inutile  ferrum  cingi- 
tur.  —  Of  parts  of  the  body,  sur- 
roundt  bind  on,  bind,  encircle.  — 


Of  things,  surround,  encircle,  en- 
close, invest  :  oppida  muris  ;  ur- 
bem  obsidione  (beset)  ;  flamma 
(encompass)  . 

cingulum,  -I,  [lost  noun-stem 
t  cingo-  (  v/cing  +  us)  -f  lum],  n., 
a  girdle,  bell,  sword-belt. 

cinis,  -eris,  [cf.  Gr.  K<W],  m.,  ashes. 
—  Esp.  of  the  dead,  ashes.  —  Fig., 
'death,  the  spirit  or  shade  (of  the 
departed)  . 

China,  -ae,  [cf.  delimits,  Cin- 
cinnatus],  m.,  C.  Helviits  Cinn<i, 
a  Roman  poet,  friend  of  Catullus. 

Hmiammu  (-amomuni),  -i,  [Gr. 
,  n.,  cinna- 


mon. 
Cinyphius,  -a,  -urn,  [fCinyph  + 

ius],  adj.,   of  the  Cinyps   (a  river 

of  Libya),  Cinyphian.  —  Less  ex- 

actly, Libyan,  African. 
Cinyras,  -ae,  [Gr.  Kiiwpa?],  m.,  a 

hero  of  the  Ligurians.   Others  read 

Cinyre  as  from  Cinyrus. 
Ciuyre,  see  Cinyras. 
circa    [abl.  fem.  or  instr.   (cf.  oil, 

qua),  same  stem  as  circum,  cf. 

circulus],  adv.  and  prop.,  around, 

about.  —  With  ace.  :    lucos.  —  Of 

number,  about,  not  fur  from. 
Circaeus,  -a,  -um,  [as  if  from  Gr. 

Kipxatos,  which  was  perhaps  used], 

adj  .,  of  Circe. 
Circe,  -es  (-ae),  [Gr.  KI'PKTJ],  f.,  a 

daughter  of  the  sun,  said  to  have 

fled  from  Colchis  to  Circeii  in  Italy. 

'She  was  famous  fur  her  sorceries, 

by  which  she  changed  her  guests 

into  beasts. 
Circei  (-ii),  -ioruin,  [Gr.  KipKctof]-, 

m.,  a  town  (and  promontory)  in 

Latium,  famous  for  its  oysters,  the 

supposed  abode  of  Circe. 
Circensis,  -e,  [fcirco  (reduced)  + 

ensis],  adj.,  of  the  Circus.  —  Masc. 

plur.  (sc.  ludi),  the  great  games  of 

the  Circus  :  magnis  Circensibus. 
circlus,  see  circulus. 
clrcueo,  -Ire  ;  see  circumeo. 
circuitus,  -Os,  [circum-itus],  m., 

a  going  around,  a  circuit,  revolu- 

tion. 


Vocabulary. 


circulus  (cirolus),  -I,  [fcirco  + 
lus],  m.,  a  circle,  a  ring,  band 
(round  the  neck,  hair  or  the  like), 
chain  :  flexilis. 

circum  [ace.  of  circus],  adv.  and 
prep.  Adv.,  around,  round,  abottt. 

—  Prep,  with  ace.,  around,  about, 
near  by. 

circumamplector,  see  amplec- 
tor. 

circuimlatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
circumdo. 

circumdo,  -dedi,  -datum,  -dare, 
[circum-do,  put},  i.  v.  a.,  put 
around,  place  around :  loricam 
umeris  (buckle  on) ;  licia  tibi 
(/n'ine  around}.  —  From  another 
point  of  view,  surround  with,  gird, 
encircle,  enclose :  muros  igni ; 
lapis  circumdatur  auro  (is  over- 
laid}; armis  circumdatus  {ar- 
rayed, begirt)  ;  turbine  corpus 
(envelop) . 

circumeo  (circu-),  -Ivi  (-ii), 
-i tii in,  -Ire,  [circum-eo],  irr.  v.  n. 
and  a.,  go  around.  —  Act.,  encircle, 
go  round,  run  about :  circuit  Ca- 
millam  {circles  around}. 

circumfero,  -tuli,  -latum,  -ferre, 
[circum-fero],  3.  v.  a.  irr.,  beat- 
around,  carry  round :  secum  sil- 
vam ;  acies  {turn  the  eyes') .  — 
From  another  point  of  view  (cf. 
circumdo),  encircle  :  socios  pu- 
ra  unda  {lustrate). 

circumfleeto,  -xl,  -xum,  -ctere, 
[circum-flecto],  3.  v.  a.,  bend  or 
turn  about,  wind  around :  longos 
circumflectere  cursus. 

circumfluo,  -xi,  no  sup.,  -ere, 
[circura-fluo] ,  3.  v.  n.  and  a.,  flmn 
round,  Jlmv  about,  surround  (by 
flowing). 

circumfundo,  -fudi,  -fusiiin, 
-fundere,  (also  separate),  [cir- 
cum-fundo],  3.  v.  a. ,  pour  aro mid: 
nubes  circumfusa  (enveloping)  • 

—  Fig.   in   passive,  rarely   active, 
gather,    craiod   around,  flock    to- 
gether: circumfuso  milite  {throng- 
ing) ;  iuventus  circum  fusa.  — 
From  different  point  of  view  (cf. 


circumdo),  surround  (by  pour- 
ing)  :  gradientes  circum  dea 
fudit  amictu  {envelope}. 

circ um  f  usiis,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  cir- 
cumfundo. 

circumligo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are, 
[circum-ligo] ,  I  .v.  a.,  bind  around, 
bind  to  (by  binding  around). 

circumsisto,  -steti,  no  sup.,  -sis- 
tere,  [circum-sisto],  3.  v.  a.  and 
n.,  act.,  crowd  around,  surround. 

circumsono,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -are, 
[circum-sono],  i.v.  a.  and  n., act., 
cause  to  echo,  make  echo,  Jill  with 
sound. 

circumspicio,  -exi,  -ectum,  -ice- 
re,  [circum-specio],  3.  v.  n.  and 
a.  Neut.  absolutely,  look  about, 
look  around. — Act.,  look  around 
at :  agmina  ;  —  look  around,  sur- 
vey, espy,  descry  :  saxum. 

circumsto,  -steti,  no  sup.,  -stare, 
[circum-sto],  i.v.  n.anda.  Neut., 
stand  around,  be  about,  crowd 
around. —  Fig. :  odia. — Act.,  sur- 
round. —  Fig.,  surround,  encom- 
pass, beset :  horror. 

circumtextus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
circumtexo,  -woven  round. 

eircumveeto,noperf.,  no  sup.,  -are, 
[circum-vecto],  i.  v.  a.,  carry 
around.  —  Pass,  as  deponent  (cf. 
vehor),  ride  around.  —  Fig.,  go 
over  (in  discourse)  :  singula. 

circumvenio,  -veni,  -ventum, 
venire,  [circum-venio],  4.  v.  a., 
encompass,  encircle,  surround  : 
Cocytus.  (Others  read  circum- 
fluit). 

circumvolito,  -avi,  -atum,  -arc, 
[circum-volito],  i.  v.  n.,fy>  about, 
Jlit  around :  lacus  hirundo. 

circumvolo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are, 
[circum-volo],  i.v. a.,y/v around : 
praedam.  —  Fig.,  hover  around, 
hover  over  :  nox. 

circunivolvo,  perhaps  no  perf., 
-volutum,  -volvere,  [circum- 
volvo],  3.  v.  a.,  roller  turn  round : 
sol  circum volvitur  annum  {re- 
volves around  the  circle  of  the  year}. 

cirrus,  -i,  [cf.  Gr.  K'IOKOS,  prob.  for 


Vocabulary. 


fcicrusj.m.,  a  circle.  —  From  sim- 
ilarity, a  circus,  race-course.  — 
Poetic,  of  a  body  of  men  gathered 
for  sports,  the  conclave. 

Cisseis,  -idos,  [Gr.  patronymic],  f., 
daughter  of  Cisseus  (Hecuba). 

Cisseus,  ei,  [Gr.  Kwo-eus],  m.,  (ivy- 
crcnvned)  :  I.  A  king  of  Thrace, 
father  of  Hecuba ;  2.  A  Latin 
warrior. 

citatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  cito. 

Cithacron,  -onis,  [Gr.  Kidaqwr], 
a  mountain  in  Boeotia,  a  favorite 
haunt  of  Bacchus. 

eithara,  -ae,  [Gr.  KiOdpa],  f.,  a  lyre, 
a  eithara. 

cito  [abl.  of  citus],  adv.,  quickly  : 
citius  dicto  {quicker  than  a 
word). 

cito,  -avi,  -atum,  -arc,  [fcito-], 
I.  v.  intens.,  arouse,  excite.  —  ci- 
tatus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  as  adj.,  hur- 
ried, swift,  quick  :  equi  (at  full 
speed,  in  full  career). 

citus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  cieo. 

civicus,  -a,  -uiii,  [fcivi- +  cus], 
adj.,  of  a  citizen,  pertaining  to  a 
citizen  (more  literal  than  civllis)  : 
quercus  {the  civic  garland,  made 
of  oak  leaves,  ami  given  to  any 
soldier  who  saved  the  life  of  a  fel- 
low-citi/.en  in  war). 

civil  is,  -e,  [lengthened  stem  from 
fcivi  +  lis,  cf.  Aprilis],  adj.,  (cf. 
civicus,  which  is  less  general), 
of  a  citizen,  citizens,  or  the  citizens, 
civil,  civic  :  quercus  (the  garland 
of  oak  leaves  bestowed  on  a  sol- 
dier who  saved  a  fellow-citizen  in 
war,  cf.  corona  civica,  the  usual 
phrase). 

civis,  -is,  [^/ci  (in  quies,  cf.  x«- 
/j.ai)  -f  vis  (weakened  from  -vus)], 
comm.,  a  citizen,  a  fellow-citizen, 
fellow-countryman  (-woman} . 

claries,  -is,  [?]„  f.,  disaster,  mis- 
chitf,  loss,  calamity.  —  Ksp.  in  war, 
defeat,  uisasler,  havoc.  (N.I!.  Avoid 
slaughter^)  —  Poetic,  of  persons, 
scourge,  destroyer. 

clam  [unc.  form  (but  see  palam, 
ace.  f.?),  akin  to  celo],  adv.  and 


prep.,  secretly,  in  secret,  by  sur- 
prise (=  unawares). 

clamo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fcla- 
mo-  (y'cla+mus,  cf.  nomen- 
clator)],  I.  v.  a.  and  n.  Neut., 
cry  out,  shout,  cry,  clamor,  exclaim. 
—  With  ace.,  call,  invoke  (with 
loud  cry)  :  Hylan.  —  \Vith  direct 
or  indirect  discourse,  shout,  cry, 
exclaim  :  ae  causam. 

clamor,  -oris,  [fcLim  (as  if  root 
of  clamo)  +  or],  m.,  a  loud  en; 
shriek,  outcry,  veil,  shout,  battle- 
cry,  clamor.  —  Poetic,  of  animals 
and  things,  noise,  din,  roar,  hum, 
bellowing :  saxa  dedere. 

clangor,  -oris,  [  v'clang  (root  of 
clango)  +  or],  m.,  a  sound,  clang, 
clangor,  blare,  noise  :  tubarum. 

Clanius,  -i  (-ii)  ;  (ilunis,  -is,  [?], 
m.,  a  river  of  Campania,  frequently 
overflowing  the  country  around, 
where  was  the  town  of  Acerra;  ( now 

il  Lagno~). 

,_  _  *si   '     .  _ 

claresco,    -in,   no    sup.,   -csccrc, 

[fclare  -f  sco,   cf.  clareo,   cla- 

rus],  3.  v.  n.,  grow  loud,  grow 
bright:  sonitus  armorum  (in- 
crease) . 

Clarius,  -a,  -um,  [fClaro-  (cf.  Gr. 
KAapos)  -f  ius],  adj.,  of  Claras  (a 
town  of  Ionia,  celebrated  for  a  tem- 
ple and  oracle  of  Apollo),  Clarian. 
— Masc. ,//&<?  Clarian  god  {  Apollo). 

clarus,  -a,  -um,  [-y/clzi  (cf.  no- 
incnclator)  +  rus],  adj.,  loud, 
clear,  distinct.  —  From  similarity, 
distinct,  bright,  brilliant,  clear  : 
lux;  Olympo;  Aquilo  (clear, 
I/ringing  clear  weather). —  Fig., 
clear,  distinct,  manifest,  evident, 
plain :  signum.  —  Also,  ren 
famous,  glorious,  celebrated  :  My- 
cenae. 

Clarus,  -i,  m.,  a  Trojan. 

classicum,  -i,  [fclassi-  +  cum  (n. 
of  -cus)J,  n.,  (belonging  to  the 
army,  see  classis),  a  signal  for 
battle  given  with  the  trumpet. — • 
Less  exactly,  a  trumpet. 

cliissis,  -is,  [-v/da  (cf-  clamo)  + 
tis  (cf.  /cAjjcns)],  f.,  a  summoning^ 


Vocabulary. 


53 


a  levy),  the  Icry^the  army,  forces, 
an  army,  a  force.  —  Esp.,  of  sea- 
forces,  a  fleet. 

Claiiflius,  -a,  -um,  [fclaudo- 
(stem  of  clauclus  reduced  )+iug], 
adj.,  of  Claudus  (the  Lame). — 
Masc.,  Claudius,  a  Roman  gentile 
name.  —  Claudia  gens,  the  gens 
or  clan  of  that  name  to  which  the 
Marcelli  and  other  great  Romans 
belonged. 

claudo,  -si,  -sum,  -dere,  [akin  to 
clavis]7  3.  v.  a.,  shut,  close :  lu- 
mina.  —  Less  exactly,  slop,  stay, 
block  up :  claudite  iam  rivos 
(shut  the  gales  of  irrigating  canals) . 
—  Of  the  things  enclosed,  shut  up, 
confine,  hem  in,  enclose,  house, 
pen  tip,  surround,  encompass,  be- 
set, besiege, shut  off,  cutoff :  agnos  ; 
claudunt  convallibus  umbrae ; 
maris  nos  obice  pontus.  —  clau- 
sus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  enclosed, 
confined,  close  shut,  pent  up  :  la- 
cus ;  career.  —  Neut.,  an  enclo- 
sure. 

claudus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  limp- 
ing, halting,  lame,  crippled  (of  a 
wounded  snake). 

claustrum,  -I,  [  ^/claud  (a?  if  root 
of  claudo)  +  trum],  n.,  fasten- 
ing, lock,  bolt,  bar.  —  Less  exactly, 
of  anything  that  serves  the  same 
purpose,  door,  gate,  barrier  :  Lu- 
crino  addita  (dykes,  levees') ;  Pe- 
lori  (of  the  sides  of  a  strait). 

clausum,  see  claudo. 

Cluiisus,  -I,  [prob.  akin  to  Clau- 
dius], m.,  a  Sabine,  the  supposed 
founder  of  the  house  of  Claudius. 

clausus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  claudo. 

clava,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  stick,  a  staff, 
cudgel,  club. 

clavus,  -i,  [akin  to  clavls,  clau- 
do], m.,  a  nail,  a  peg.  —  From 
similarity,  a  tiller.  —  Less  exactly, 
a  rudder,  helm. 

clieus,  -eiitis,  [p.  of  cluo,  hear, 
obey},  comm.,  a  'dependant,  a  client. 

Clio,  -us,  [Gr.  KA.ei'u>],  f. :  I.  The 
muse  of  history ;  2.  A  daughter 
of  Occanus. 


clipeatus,  -a,  -um,  see  cllpeo. 

clipeo  (clup-),  no  perf.,  -atuin, 
-are,  [fclipeo],  I.  v.'a.,  arm  with 
a  shield.  —  clipeatus,  -a,  -am, 
p.p.  as  adj.,  armed  with  shield : 
agmina. 

clipeus,m.,(-um,  n.),-i,[?],rtj^VW 
(round,  of  the  Greek  pattern). 

Clitius  (Cly-),  -i  (-ii),  [akin  to 
inclutus],  m.,  a  Trojan  hero,  per- 
haps more  than  one  of  the  same 
name,  cf.  Clytius. 

Clitumnus,  -i,  m.,  a  river  of  Umbria. 

clivosus,  -a,  -um,  [fclivo-  (re- 
duced) +  osus],  adj.,  hilly.  —  Fig., 
steep,  difficult. 

clivus,  -i,  [v^  (as  root  of  clin'o) 
+  vus],  m.,  a  slope,  a  hill,  an  in- 
cline. 

Cloanthus,  -i,  [Gr.  akin  to  Clueii- 
tius],  m.,  a  Trojan  leader. 

Cloclia,  -ae,  [f.  of  Cluilius,  prob. 
for  fClovilius,  and  akin  to 
clueo],  f.,  a  Roman  maiden  who 
escaped  from  Porsenna,  and  swam 
the  Tiber. 

Clonius,  -i  (-ii),  [?],  a  Trojan, 
perhaps  several  of  the  same  name. 

Clonus,  -i,  [?],  m.,  a  sculptor  or 
engraver. 

Clotho  (nom.  and  ace.),  [Gr.  KAo>- 
6(a  (the  spinner  or  sfinster)~\,  one 
of  the  three  Parca:,  or  Fates,  see 
Parent-. 

clueiis,  -entis,  see  cliens. 

Cluentius,  -a,  -um,  [fcluent-(stem 
of  cliens)  +  ius] ,  a  Roman  gen- 
tile name,  used  collectively  for  the 
clan. 

clupeus,  see  cllpeus. 

Muslims,  -a,  -um,  [fClusio-  (re- 
duced) +  Inus],  adj.,  of  L'lusium. 

Cliisiiim,  -i  (-ii),  [?,  perhaps  akin 
to  claudo],  n.,  an  Etrurian  town, 
formerly  called  Gamers. 

Clymeiie,  -es,  [Gr.  KAu^eVrj],  f.,  a 
daughter  of  Oceanus. 

clypeus,  etc. ;  see  clipeus. 

Clytius,  -i  (-ii),  [prob.  akin  to 
cluo],  m.,  a  name  of  several  war- 
riors, cf.  Clitius. 

coactus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  cogo. 


54 


Vocabulary. 


Codes,  -itls,  [codes,  one-eyed^, 
m.,  the  surname  of  Q.  Horatius, 
who,  in  the  war  with  Porsenna, 
alone  defended  the  bridge  across 
the  Tiber. 

coctus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  coquo. 

Cocytius,  -a,  -urn,  [fCocyto-  [re- 
duced) +  ius],  adj.,  of  Cocytus,  in- 
fernal:  virgo  {Alecto,  one  of  the 
Furies) . 

Cocytus,  -I,  [Gr.  Kwicvrds,  river  of 
lamentation^  m.,  a  fabled  river  of 
the  world  below. 

Codrus,  -I,  [Gr.  KJSpos],  m.,  a  shep- 
herd, perhaps  representing  under 
a  disguised  name  some  contempo- 
rary poet,  an  enemy  of  Virgil. 

coelum  and  kindred  words,  see  cae- 
liun,  etc. 

coenum,  see  caenum. 

coco,  -Ivi,  -if urn,  -ire,  [con-eo], 
irr.  v.  n.,  come  together,  unite,  as- 
semble, meet,  gather.  —  With  im- 
plied intent,  either  hostile  or  friend- 
ly (cf.  eongredior)*</Wjt,</Wfi  in 

alliance,  unite,  meet,  encounter, 
join  battle :  in  foedera  dextrae(7^ 
joined  iii} ;  gener  atque  socer 
(be  united}.  —  Fig.,  curdle,  congeal 
(cf.  _cogo)  :  sanguis  formidine. 

coepio,  -i,  -turn,  -ere  and  -isse,  (rare 
except  in  perf.,  &c.),  [co-apio, 
cf.  apiscor],  v.  act.,  {take  hold}, 
begin,  begin  to  speak.  —  Pass.,  only 
in  p.p.  and  compound  tenses,  usual 
with  pass,  infin.  —  coeptus,  -a, 
-inn,  p.p.  as  adj.,  n.,  an  undertak- 
ing, attempt. 

roeptus,  -a,  -inn,  p.p.  of  coepio. 

coerceS",  -ui,  -itiiiu,  -ere,  [con- 
arceo],  2.  v.  a.,  shut  in  together, 
surround,  restrain,  Confine,  hold 
in  check,  restrain.  —  Of  troops  : 
postrema  Tyrrhidae  iuvenes 
(bring  up  the  rear,  cf.  cogere 
agmen). 

coerulus,  etc.,  see  caeruleus. 

coetus  (col-),  -fis,  [con-itus,  cf. 
coeo],  m.,  an  assembling.  — Con- 
cretely, an  assemblage,  an  assem- 
bly, a  crowd,  throng,  company  (at 
a  feast), flock  (of  birds). 


Coeus,  -i,  [Gr.  Kotos],  m.,  a  Titan, 
the  father  of  Latona. 

cogito,  -avi,  -atiini,  -are,  [con- 
agito],  i.  v.  a.,  weigh  thoroughly 
in  the  mind,  weigh,  reflect  upon, 
think  (cf.  agito).  —  Esp.  of  pur- 
pose, have  in  mind,  intend,  medi- 
tate upon,  think  upon,  design,  plan, 
purpose  :  quid  Auster  ? 

cognatus,-a,-um,[con-(g)natus], 
adj.,  akin,  kindred,  related  (by 
blood) .  —  Poetic :  urbes  {whose 
citizens  are  akin}. 

cognitus,  -a,  -inn,  p.p.  of  cog- 
nosco. 

cognomen,  -Inls,  [con-  (g)noraen] , 
n.,  family-name.  —  Less  exactly, 
name. 

cognomlnis,  -e,  [con-t(g)nomen, 
infl.  as  adj.],  adj.,  of  like  name: 
terra  (bearing  one's  name} . 

cognosce, -gnovl,-gnitum,-gnos- 
cere,  [con-(g)nosco],  3.  v.  a., 
examine,  learn,  inquire  into,  trace 
out,  listen  to,  hear,  find  (learn  to 
know,  with  two  aces.)  :  haec  cog- 
noscite ;  carmina  ;  casfis.  —  In 
perf.,  &c.,  have  learned,  know.  — 
Less  exactly,  recognize,  under- 
stand:  matrem;  quae  sit  virtus. 

—  cognitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
well-known. 

cogo,  coegi,  coactum,  cogere, 
[con-ago],  3.  v.  a.,  drive  together, 
collect,  gather  (of  fruits,  &c.),  as- 
semble (of  men,  forces,  &c.)  :  pe- 
cus  ;  agmina  {keep  in  line,  of  the 
rear  guard,  or  officers).  —  Of  con- 
sistency, condense,  congeal:  aer 
in  nubem  coactus;  mella. —  Fig., 
force,  compel,  oblige  (with  ace.  and 
infin.)  :  quid  (cog.  ace.)  nonmor- 
talia  pectora  cogis  ?  —  coactus, 
-a,  -mn,  p.p.  as  s.d].,  forced  :  lac- 
rimae. 

cohibeo,  -ui,  -itum,  -ere,  [con- 
habeo],  2.  v.  a.,  hold  together,  con- 
fain,  confine :  spelunca  Scyllam. 

—  Fig.,    restrain,    check,  repress : 
iras. 

Conors,  -ortls,  [?],  f.,  an  enclosure. 

—  Fig.,  a   company  (of  soldiery), 


Vocabulary. 


55 


troop,  squadron.  —  Less  exactly,  of 
other  things,  band,  multitude, 
crowd:  cuncta  cohors  (line,  of 
ships). 

coitus,  see  coetus. 

collapsus,  see  conlapsus. 

Collatlnus,  -a,  -um,  [Collatia  (re- 
duced) +  Tnus],  adj.,  of  Collatia 
(a  Sabine  town)  :  arces. 

collatus,  see  coiilatus. 

collectus,  see  conlcctus,  p.p.  of 
conligo. 

eolligo,  see  conligo. 

collis,  -is,  [?],  m.,  a  hill. 

colloco,  see  coiiloco. 

colloquium,  see  conloquiuin. 

colluceo,  see  conluceo. 

colludo,  see  conluclo. 

eollum,  -I,  [?],  n.,  the  neck. — 
Poetic,  of  a  poppy,  neck. 

collustro,  see  conlustro. 

colo,  colui,  cult  M  in,  colere, 
[?  y'col],  3. v. a.  and  n.,  cultivate, 
till,  tend,  take  care  of.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, inhabit,  dwell  in :  Pallas 
arces.  —  Fig.,  cherish,  care  for, 
regard,  attend  to,  love,  foster  :  te- 
lorum  amorem ;  reliquias  me- 
orum ;  vitara  (lead)  ;  morem 
(observe).  —  Esp.  of  pious  regard, 
worship,  revere,  honor :  templum. 
—  cultus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
cultivated,  tilled,  well  kept. 

colocasia,  -ae,  (-iuin,  -I  (-11),  n.), 
[Gr.  KoXoKaaia.  or  KO\OKO.(TIOV},  f., 
a  plant  of  the  lily  kind. 

colonus,  -I,  [unc.  stem  fr.  -y/col  + 
nus,  cf.  patronus],  m.,  a  farmer, 
husbandman  :  veteres  (former 
tillers).  —  From  the  nature  of  an- 
cient colonies,  a  colonist.  —  Less 
exactly,  an  inhabitant  (cf.  colo). 

color,  -oris,  [unc.  root  +  or  (os)], 
m.,  color,  a  color,  complexion, 
hue.  —  Esp.,  fair  complexion, 
beauty. 

coloratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  coloro. 

coloro,  -avi,  -fit  tun,  -are,[fcol6r-], 
I.  v.  a.,  color,  dye.  —  coloratus, 
-a,  -um,  as  adj.,  colored.  —  Esp. 
as  opposed  to  light  or  fair,  dusky, 
swarthy  :  Indi. 


coluber,  -ubri,  [?],  m.,  a  serpent, 
snake. 

coin  m,  -I,  [?],  n.,  a  strainer,  col- 
ander. 

columba,  -ae,  [?  f.  of  columbus], 
f.,  a  dove,  pigeon. 

columiia,  -ae,  [unc.  root  +  mna, 
cf.  autunmus],  f.,  a  pillar,  a 
support,  a  column. 

columns,  -a,  -um,  [unc.  stem  (akin 
to  corulus)  +  nus,  possibly  Cor- 
rupted from  corulnus],  adj.,  of 
hazel  (cf.  corulus),  hazel:  has- 
tilia. 

coins,  -I  (us),  [?],  f.,  a  distaff. 

coma,  -ae,  [cf.  Gr.  /crf/urj],  f.,  the 
hair  (of  the  head),  the  mane  (of 
animals). — From  similarity,  leaves, 
foliage,  and  even  flcnuers  (cf.  co- 
niaus) .  —  Also  plur.  in  all  senses. 

coniaus,  -antis,  [p.  of  fcomo, 
-are,  from  coma],  p.  as  adj., 
hairy,  shaggy,  leafy  (cf.  coma), 
flo-ivering :  dictamnus  flore  pur- 
pureo;  galea  (crested*). 

comes,  -itis,  [verb-stem  (cf.  com- 
meo)  +  tis  (reduced)],  comm.,  a 
companion,  associate,  follower  (as 
subordinate)  :  senioris  Acestae  ; 
docta  comes  (guide,  of  the  Sibyl) ; 
comes  Ascanio  (attendant,  guar- 
dian). 

cometes,  -ae,  [Gr.  KO^TTJS,  cf. 
coma],  m.,  a  comet,  shooting-star. 

cominus,  see  commimis. 

co  i  n  i  tat  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  comito 
and  comitor. 

comitatus,  -us,  [fcomita  +  tus], 
m.,  (an  accompanying),  an  escort, 
a  company,  a  retinue. 

comito,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [comes, 
cf.  comitor],  I.  v.  a.,  accompanv, 
follow,  attend.  —  comitatus,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  accompanied, 
attended. 

comitor,  -atus,  -ari,  [pass,  of 
comito],  i.  v.  dep.,  accompany, 
follow,  escort,  attend.  —  Esp.  of 
funerals,  escort,  attend.  —  p.p.,  ac- 
companying: films  classe  cater- 
vas. 

commaculo,   -avi,    -atum,  -are, 


Vocabulary. 


[con-maculo],  I.  v.  a.,  stain,  pol- 
lute, imbrue :  manus  sanguine. 

commemoro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are, 
[con-memoro],  i.  v.  a.,  recall  to 
mind  (of  one's  self).  —  In  refer- 
ence to  another,  remind,  mention, 
recount,  relate  (in  song),  /;  n- 
claim,  celebrate. 

commemlo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are, 
[con-mando],  i.  v.  a.,  commit, 
entrust.  —  Less  exactly,  commend, 
recommend. 

commercium,  -I  (-il),  [con-fmerc 
(stem  of  merx)+  ium,  (n.  of  ius), 
cf.  coiiiinercorj,  n.,  traffic.  — 
Poetic  :  ista  commercia  belli 
(such  bargains  of  war,  ransom  of 
prisoners) . 

comminus  (co-),  [con-manus, 
petrified  as  adv.,  cf.  eininus], 
adv.,  in  close  combat,  hand  to  hand 
(opposed  to  a  contest  with  missile 
weapons) .  —  Less  exactly,  without 
actual  contest,  close  by,  standing 
by,  at  close  range :  cervos  obtrun- 
cant  ferro.  —  Poetic  :  arva  in- 
sequitur  (hotly  engages'). 

COinmisceo,  -iniscui,  -inixtuni 
or  -mistuin,  -miscere,  [con- 
misceo],  2.  v.  a.,  mix  together,  in- 
termingle :  frusta  mero  cruento. 

cuminissiiin,  -i,  [n.  p.p.  of  coni- 
iiiitto  as  noun],  n.,  offence,  fault, 
crime. 

com  missus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  com- 
initto ;  see  also  comiiiissiiiii. 

con  i  MI  ist  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  com- 
misoco. 

commit  t  (i,  -misi,  -niissiiin,  mil  - 
tere,  [con-mitto],  3.  v.  a.,  (let 
go  together},  combine,  join,  unite  : 
delphinum  caudas  utero  del- 
phinum. —  Esp.  of  hostility,  join 
(battle),  begin  (the  fight,  cf.  con- 
serere)  :  manum;  proelium;  fu- 
nera  pugnae  {begin  the  havoc  of 
battle).  —  With  idea  of  a  trust, 
entrust,  commit  to,  trust,  consign  : 
sulcis  semina.  —  Transferred,  al- 
low to  happen,  allow  one's  self  to  do, 
allmv,  com  m  it,  practise,  perpetrate, 
commit  an  offence. 


commixtus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  com- 
misceo. 

rum  mod  us,  -a,  -um,[con-modus], 
adj.,  (agreeing  loith  the  measure). 
—  Y\%.,  fitting,  fit,  suitable,  proper, 
favorable,  adapted :  Baccho  (suit- 
ed to  the  vine) . 

ci .m niot  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  com- 
moveo. 

commoveo,-movi, -motiim,-mo- 
vere,  [con-moveo],  2.  v.  a.,  move 
violently,  agitate  :  alas ;  commo- 
tis  sacris  (brandishing  the  sacred 
thyrsus) .  —  Less  exactly,  stir  up, 
rouse  :  cervum.  —  Fig.,  rouse,  stir, 
excite,  disturb,  agitate,  alarm,  en- 
rage, move  (with  any  emotion). 

communis  (old  form  comociiis), 
-e,  [con-fmunis,  cf.  immunis 
and  imiiiia  j,  adj.,  (serving  to- 
gether), belonging  to  tn>o  or  more  to- 
gether, common :  periclum  (shared 
alike  by  both);  Erinys  (of  both 
sides)  ;  bona  (the public  interests). 

eomS,  conipsi,  comptum,  eu- 
mcrc,  [?  con-emo,  take},  3.  v.  a., 
(? gather  together),  comb,  arrange, 
braid.  —  Less  exactly,  deck,  adorn, 
array:  vitta  ramos.  —  conip- 
tus,  -a,  -u m,  p.p.  as  adj. :  comae 
(plaited)  ;  felici  comptus  olivfi 
{wreathed). 

c(Mii pad  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  coiii- 
piiigo. 

compiiiics,  -is  (gen.  plur.  com- 
paguin),  [com;  pa(n)g-o],  f., 
a  joining  togither,  a  connection, 
joint,  structure. 

1 .  co  i  n  pc  1 1  o,  -pllli,    pll  Is  ii  111,  -pel  - 

lerc,  [con-pello],  3.  v.  a.,  drive 
together  or  in  a  body  :  greges  in 
unum.  — With  weaker  meaning  ««l 
prep.,  drive,  force :  gregem  hi- 
bisco  ;  noto  eodem  compulsus. 

2.  compellu,   -avi,    -atum,    -arc, 
[prob.   from  lost  noun-stem  akin 
to  pello,  cf.  adpello],  I.  v.  a., 
accost,  address  :  aliquem  voce. 

compcscu,  -scui,  -scitum  (?), 
-scene,  [unc.  verb  with  con], 
restrain,  curb,  check  :  ramos  flu- 
entes  (by  pruning). 


Vocabulary. 


57 


compingo,  -pegi,  -pactiim,-pin- 
gere,  [con-pango],  3.  v.  a.,  join 

together,  fasten  together,  fasten.  — 
compactus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
joined, fitted :  trabes  (jointed}. 

compituni,  -I,  [com-fpitum  (  ^pet 
-f  um)],  n.,  meeting  of  roads,  cross 
roads,  corners. 

complector,  -plexus,  -plecti, 
[con-plecto],  3.  v.  dep.,  clasp 
around,  encircle,  enfold,  embrace  ; 
hold,  grasp  :  corpus ;  terra  gre- 
mio  ossa  ;  Cacum  complexus  in 
nodum.  —  Less  exactly,  surround, 
embrace :  Penates  umbra  (of  a 
tree) .  —  Fig.,  seize,  come  upon,  en- 
fold:  sopor  artus. 

compleo,  -evi,  -etum,  -ere,  [con- 
pleo],  2.  v.  a.,  fill  up,  fill  full, 
fill :  loca  milites  ;  naves  (/nun}  ; 
litora  (crowd,  throng).  —  Less 
exactly,  fill,  complete  :  tempora 
debita ;  orbis  completur. 

1.  complexus,   -a,    -um,    p.p.   of 
complector. 

2.  complexus,  -us,  [con-plexus], 
m.,  a  surrounding,  encompassing, 
encircling,     embracing,      embrace 
(esp.  of  love). 

compoiio,  -posui,  -posit  HIM,  -po- 
iicrc,  [com-pono],  3.  v.  a.,  put 
together,  bring  together,  lay  up,  col- 
lect :  opes  (hoard);  aggerem  tu- 
muli (raise). — With  idea  of  union 
or  arrangement,  found,  build,  dis- 
pose, arrav,  set  in  order,  arrange, 
settle,  adjust.:  compositi  in  tur- 
mas  (of  soldiers,  arrayed  in  si/uad- 
-//');  urbem;  genus  indocile 
ac  dispersum  (settle  in  law  and 
order);  foedus ;  lites  (settle  by 
deciding)  :  pacem.  —  With  idea 
of  rest,  dispose,  lay,  place :  defessa 
membra  (lay  doicn  to  rest) ;  tha- 
lamis  se  composuere  (of  bees, 
become  quiet  in  their  cells) ;  se 
(recline) ;  diem  (close)  ;  fluctus 
(calm)  ;  placida  pace  compostus 
(settled  in  peaceful -repose,  by  some 
thought  to  refer  to  death)  ;  curas. 
—  Of  putting  together  for  com- 
parison, compare :  parvis  magna. 


—  compositus     (postus),     -a, 
-uin,  p.p.  as  adj.,  fixed,  orderly, 
regular,  quiet:  gradus ;  leges. — 
Neut.  abl.  as  adv.,  composite,  by 
arrangement,  in  concert. 

compositus  (compostus),  -a, 
-um,  p.p.  of  compono. 

comprehend?)  (-prendo),  -nrti, 
-iisuui, -mlere,[com-prenendoj, 
3.  v.  a.,  take  hold  of,  grasp  :  ima- 
go.—  Less  exactly,  seize,  appre- 
hend. —  Esp.  of  fire  or  of  thing 
fired,  catch.  —  Fig.,  embrace,  com- 
prise, enumerate,  include :  for- 
mas  scelerum. 

comprensKs,  -a,  -am,  see  com- 
preheiido. 

comprossus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  com- 
primo. 

comprimo,  -press!,  -pressum, 
-primcrc,  [con-premo],  3.  v.  a., 
press  together.  —  With  idea  of  re- 
straint, hold  in,  hold  back,  hold, 
restrain,  repress,  check  :  gressum. 

—  Fig.,  curl>,  check,  repress,  stay  : 
amor  compressus  edendi ;  furo- 
res caeli  marisque ;  impetus. 

comptus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  como. 
rompiilsiis,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  com- 
pcllo. 

1.  conatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  conor. 

2.  conatus,  -us,  [fconti-  (stem  of 
conor)  +  tus],    m.,    an    attempt, 
effort,  exertion. 

concavus,  -a,  -um,  [con-cavns], 
adj.,  hollcnu,  concave,  arched,  ~'att/t- 
cd,l>ent,  cnrred :  saxa  (of  caves). 

concerto,  -cessi,  -cessum,  -certe- 
rc,  [con-cedo],  3.  v.  n.  and  a., 
m<>-'eaii.'av(  cf.  oedoMidadoedo  i, 

retire,  U'itlidra'i',  come  or  go  off  : 
hue;  concedite,  silvae  (fare- 
well).—  Fig.,  depart,  cease:  su- 
peris  ab  oris  (by  death)  ;  irae 
deum.  —  ( )f  superiority,  gi-'e  r, wr, 
yield,  give  place,  yield  the  palm.  — 
So  also  (act.)  of  withdrawing  op- 
position, give  up,  grant,  allow, 
permit:  in  iras  Calydona  (sac- 
rifice) ;  concessa  moveri  (al- 
lou'ed).  —  coucessus,  -a,  -um, 
p.p.  as  adj.,  permitted,  permissible, 


Vocabulary. 


laivful :  concessa  veto  {things 
not  forbid}. 

conceiitus,  -iis,  [con-cantus],  m., 
harmony,  harmonious  songs,  tune- 
ful melody. 

conceptus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  con- 
cipio. 

concessus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  con- 
cede. 

concha,  -ae,  [Gr.  K Ayxn]  >  f •»  a  shell, 
conch  shell.  —  Also  as  an  instru- 
ment, shell,  conch,  horn. 

concido,  -cidi,  no  sup.,  -cidere, 
[con-cado],  3.  v.  n.,  fall  (in  a 
heap),  fall  to  the  ground.  —  Esp., 
of  death  or  fainting,  fall,  sink.  — 
Less  exactly  and  fig.,  fall,  be 
ruined,  perish. 

concido,  -cidi,  -cisum,  -cidere, 
[con-caedo],  3.  v.  a.,  cut  up,  cut 
to  pieces,  cut  down :  scrobibus 
montes  {furrow). 

concieo,  -ivi,  -itum,  -iere,  [con- 
cieo],  2.  (also  4.)  v.  a.,  {move  to- 
gether), assemble.  —  With  intensive 
meaning  of  con,  shake,  agitate, 
move  violently,  urge  on  :  concita 
tormento  saxa  (Jwr led  violently'}. 
—  Fig.,  rouse,  excite,  agitate,  stir 
up,  provoke :  immani  concitus 
ira  {fired  with  mighty  wrath). — 
concitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj. 
(cf.  citus),  in  headlong  motion, 
headlong,  violent,  careering  :  mul- 
ta  vi  {with  mighty  effort ) ;  pro- 
cessu  {with  headlong  rush). 

concilio,  -avi,  -at  um,  -sire,  [fcon- 
cilio-],  I.  v.  a.,  {assemble),  unite, 
join.  —  Fig.,  gain  over,  win,  con- 
ciliate, gain,  secure,  obtain  :  scep- 
tra  lovemque  {secure  the  sceptre 
and  Jove's  favor) ;  sibi  arma 
{ally). 

concilium,  -i  (-ii),  [perhaps  con-, 
stem  fr.  ^/cal  (cf.  classis)],  n., 
an  assembly  (generally,  cf.  con- 
silium,  a  deliberative  body), gath- 
ering :  piorum.  —  Also  in  sense 
of  ronsiM urn,  a  council :  silen- 
tum  (as  a  jury). 

concipio,  -cepi,  -ccptum,  -cipe- 
re,  [con-capio],  3.  v.  a.  ami  n., 


take  in,  take,  receive :  pabula 
terrae  {draw  nutriment). —  Esp. 
of  females,  conceive.  —  With  ab- 
stract objects,  receive,  admit,  har- 
bor, take  on,  give  way  to  :  duels 
curam  (enter  on) ;  furias  {be 
possessed  l>y) ;  pectore  robur  {pos- 
sess).—  Of  ideas  in  words,  com- 
prise, express,  formulate.  —  Of  the 
mind  as  subject,  take  in,  conceive, 
imagine :  mente  furores.  —  con- 
ceptus, -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.  in 
either  meaning  of  the  verb :  foe- 
dus  (drawn  up,  established), 
concito,  -avi,  -atum,  -arc,  [fcon- 
cito-  (cf.  concitus),  or  perhaps 
con-cito] ,  I .  v.  a.,  set  in  motion, 
rouse,  excite,  incite  :  equum  (spur 
on) ;  Allecto  se  in  Teucros  (Jly 
fiercely  at). 

1.  concitns,  -a,  -um,  p.p. of  concio. 

2.  concitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  con- 
cieo. 

conclaiiio, -»vi,  -Stum,  -are, [con- 
clamo],  I.  v.  a.,  cry  aloud,  shout, 
cry  aloud  upon,  call  for  aloud, 
summon  with  a  shout.  —  With  di- 
rect or  indirect  discourse  :  Italian* 
{cries  out,  Italy.'). 

conclude,  -si,  -sum,  -dcro,  [con- 
claudo],  3.  v.  a.,  shut  up,  enclose. 
—  Less  exactly,  surround,  include: 
locum  sulco  (mark  out). 

concolor,  -oris,  [con-fcolor,  de- 
clined as  adj .],  adj.,  of  the  same  color. 

concors,  -rdis,  [con-fcord-,  de- 
clined as  adj.],  adj.,  united  in  feel- 
ing, friendly,  harmonious  :  frena 
{peaceful ) . 

concredo,  -did!,  -ditum,  -dere, 
[con-credo],  3.  v.  a..,  entrust,  con- 
sign, commit. 

concresco,-crevi,-cretum,-cres- 
cere,  [con-cresco],  3.  v.  n.,  (grow 
together'),  harden,  curdle,  e< 
condense,  freeze.  —  As  »r<  >\ving  into 
something  else,  grow  into,  become 
attached.  —  concretus,  -a,  -um, 
p.p.  in  passive  force  (cf.  cretus) 
as  adj.,  condensed,  hiirdened,  con- 
gealed, curdled,  clotted:  crines 
sanguine  {matted). 


Vocabulary. 


59 


coiioretiis,  -iis,   [con-cretus],  m., 

a  growing  together,  an  adhering 
(a  doubtful  reading). 

coiiciibitus,  -iis,[con-cubitus],  in., 
a  lying  together,  coition. 

coiicurro, -c-urrl(-cufurri),-cur- 
suiii,  -currere,  [con-curro],  3.  v. 
n.,  run  with  or  together,  Jlock  to- 
gether, assemble.  —  Less  exactly, 
rush  (to  a  place),  rally,  hasten  (to 
one). — Of  hostile  meeting,  meet, 
fight,  contend :  viris  virgo  ;  mon- 
tes  (dash  together} 

coiicursns,  -us,  [con-cursus],  m., 
a  r mliing  together.  —  Concretely, 
a  crowd,  an  assembly t  a  concourse. 

concussus,  -a,  -inn,  p.p.  of  con- 
cutio. 

coiirutio,  -ciissi,  -eiissuin,  -cu- 
tere,  [con-quatio],  3.  v.  a.,  shake 
•stly,  agitate,  thrust  (cf.  ex- 
cutio),  force,  throw,  dash  :  frena  ; 
lora;  silicem  dexter  in  adver- 
sum  nitens.  — Of  shaking  out  the 
loose  garments  of  the  ancients, 
shake  0«/(for  examination),  search: 
fecundum  pectus.  —  Fig.,  of  emo- 
tion, &c.,  agitate,  alarm,  trouble  : 
casu  acerbo  (overwhelmed} ;  urbs 
(panic-stricken};  animum  con- 
cussus. —  Also,  excite,  rouse,  urge  ; 
equos  (spur  on} . 

condeiisus,  -a,  -11111,  [con-densus] , 
adj.,  i<ery  dense,  close,  crowded  : 
columbae  condensae  .  .  .  sede- 
bant. 

condlcio  (not  -tio),  -onis,  [con- 
dicio],  f.,  (statement  of  terms),  a 
stipulation,  condition,  terms,  a 
compact.  —  mortis  (destiny,  law  of 
human  life). 

conditio,  see  ooiidicio,  the  proper 
form. 

coiiditor,  -oris,  [con-dator,  as  if 
condi  +  tor,  cf.  condo],  m.,  build- 
er, founder. 

conditiis,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  condo. 

condo,  -didi,  -dituiii,  -dcre,  [con- 
do,//c/],  3.  v.  a-.,  (put  together}. 
—  With  reference  to  the  result, 
build,  found,  make,  erect  :  arces. 
—  Fig.,  in  same  sense,  f.>u>d,  es 


iablish,  settle  :  Romanam  gentem ; 
aurea  secula  (bring  in} ;  fata 
(ordain}.  —  So  also  of  composi- 
tion, write,  compose,  describe,  cele- 
brate :  tristia  bella.  —  With  idea 
of  preservation,  put  lip  (cf.  con- 
dio),  storejay  away, hoard:  opes  ; 
signa  mente  (treasure  up). — 
So  also  of  concealment,  hide,  se- 
crete, conceal,  suppress,  withdraw 
(one's  self)  :  caput  inter  nubila ; 
conditur  in  tenebras  altum  cali- 
gine  caelum  ;  in  mare  Ufens 
(be  lost}  ;  Nilus  se  alveo  (confine 
itself} ;  lumina  (close} ;  optato 
Thybridis  alveo  (by  others  re- 
ferred to  the  first  meaning). — 
Esp.  of  the  dead,  bury,  lay  to  rest  : 
ossa  terra ;  animam  sepulchre  ; 
longos  soles  cantando  (sing  the 
sun  to  rest} .  —  Of  stars,  set :  Orion. 

condfico,  -duxi,  -ductum,  -dii- 
cere,  [con-duco],  3.  v.  a.  and  n., 
lead  together,  assemble,  collect,  hire. 
—  coiiductus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as 
adj.,  rented,  hired. 

coiiductus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  con- 
ducq. 

fonccto  (conn-),  -xul,  -xuni, 
-clcro,  [con-necto],  3.  v.  a.,  bind 
together,  fasten,  conned,  entwine. 

conexus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  coiiccto. 

confectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  coii- 
ficio. 

confercio,  -fcrsi,  -fcrtiuii,  -fer- 
cire,  [con-farcio],  4.  v.  a.,  crcnvd 
together.  —  coiifcrtus,  -a,  -11111, 
p.p.  as  adj.,  close,  dense,  serried, 
in  close  array,  close  packed. 

coiifcro,  -tull,  -latum  (coll-), 
-fcrre,  [con-fero],  bring  together, 
bear  together  :  gradum  (step  to- 
gether}.—  Esp.  of  hostility,  join, 
engage :  manum  (join  hand  to 
hand} ;  certamina  belli  (engage 
in  strife  of  battle} ;  se  viro  vir. 

fontVrtus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  con- 
fcrcio. 

coiifossus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  con- 
flteor. 

confcstim  [con-ffestim,  Vfed  (in 
fcndo)  +  tis,  cf.  manifestos], 


6o 


Vocabulary. 


adv.,  (on  ike  stroke  (?),  in  the 
grasp,  cf.  Fr.  maintenant~),  in- 
stantly, forthwith,  at  once. 

conficio,  -feci,  -fcctuni,  -flcere, 
(also  coniieri  as  pass.),  [con- 
facio],  3.  v.  a.,  (do  up},  finish, 
complete,  accomplish :  immensum 
aequor.— In  special  sense  (cf.  Eng. 
done  up},  exhaust,  waste,  use  up, 
destroy  :  me  volnus  (exhausts  my 
life) . — Less  exactly,  bring  to  pass, 
cause.  —  confectus, -a,  -uni,  p.p. 
as  adj.,  wasted,  worn  out,  exhaust- 
ed, emaciated :  made  ;  curis  ; 
aetate  (burdened  with  years). 

conf  idens,  -entis,  p.  of  confido. 

coiifido,  -fisus,  -dere,  [con-fido], 
3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  trust  in,  rely  on, 
trust  to,  trust :  rebus ;  huic  mon- 
stro. —confide us,  -eiitis,  p.  as 
adj.,  bold,  undaunted,  confident, 
shameless,  un blush i ng. 

coiiflgS,  -fixl,  -fixum,  -figere, 
3.  v.  a.,  pierce  through,  transfix, 
strike  down  (with  a  missile  weap- 
on).—  confixus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p. 
as  adj.,  transfixed,  struck  dc^'ii. 

confio,  -fieri,  pass,  of  conlicio. 

conf  isus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  coufido. 

conlitcor,  -fossus  sum,  -fiteri, 
[con-fateor],  2.  v.  dep.,  fully  or 
entirely  acknowledge  (cf.  Li 
up),  confess,  own,  avow. —  Less 
exactly,  disclose  a  thing,  reveal, 
manifest,  show :  confessa  deam 
(revealed a  goddess,  confessing  her- 

self). 
confixus,   -a,  -uin,  p.p.   of  con- 

ligo.  ^ 
confligo,  -flixl,  -flictuni,  -fligoro, 

[con-fligo],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.  Art.. 
strike  against  or  on,  strike  or  bring 
together.  —  Neut.,  dash  against 
(each  other),  be  in  conflict,  con- 
tend, fight,  combat:  venti  (war 
with  eac/i  other). 

conflo,  -avi,  -atuin,  -are,  [con- 
flo],  I.  v.  a.  Of  fire,  blow: 
blow  up,  stir  up,  kindle.  —  From 
the  use  of  the  bellows  in  the  forge, 
also  of  metals,  iV'c.,  smelt,  fuse, 
melt  down  :  falces  in  ensem. 


cunfluo,  -fluxi,  no  sup.,  -fluore, 
[con-fluo],  3.  v.  n.  ( )f  fluids, 
flow  or  run  together.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, of  a  great  multitude,  //inn, 
flock,  or  crowd  together ;  come  to- 
gether in  multitudes. 

oonfodio,  -fodi,  -fossum,  -fodcrr, 
[con-fodio],  3.  v.  a.,  dig  thorough- 
ly, pierce  through,  transfix  :  su- 
per exanimem  sese  proiecit  ami- 
cum  confossus. 

coiifossus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  eoii- 
fodio.^ 

eoiifugio,  -fiigi,  no  sup.,  -fugero, 
[con-fugio],  3.  v.  n.,  flee  for  ref- 
uge or  succor,  take  refuge  (with 
any  one) 

confundo,  -fudi,  -fusuin,  -fun- 
dere,  [con-fundo],  3.  v.  a.  Of 
liquids,  pour  together.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, with  reflexive  or  in  pass.,  mix 
itself,  mix,  mingle,  blend.  —  Fig., 
confound,  confuse,  disturb,  throw 
into  disorder,  disconcert:  foedus 
(destroy}. — confusus,  -a,  -uni, 
p.p.  as  adj.,  confounded, perplexed, 
panic-stricken:  urbs;  animus. 

confusus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  con- 
fuudu. 

congcmino,  -avi,  -lituin,  -are, 
[con-gemino],  i.  v.  a.  and  n., 
double,  redouble,  repeat  again  and 
again:  crebros  ensibus  ictus  con- 
geminant.  —  Poetically,  of  the  in- 
strument,/1/!' repeatedly  :  securim. 

congniio,  -geinui,  no  sup.,  -gcmr- 
re,  [con-gemo],  3.  v.  n.  and  a., 
sigh  or  groan  deeply,  heave  a  deep 
sigh.  — Vig.,  i  >f  a  tree  :  congemuit 
supremum  (groaned  its  last). 

congrru,  -gcssi,  -gostuin,  -j;ci-crc, 
[con-gero],  3.  v.  a.,  bear,  bring, 
or  carry  together;  heap  up  (cf. 
adgoro  and  agger),  gather.— 
With  reference  to  the  result,  build, 
construct,  erect :  manu  oppida  ; 
aram.  —  Poetically,  of  birds,  />///'/,/ 
nests,  nest.  —  Less  exactly,  in 
be  full,  swarw,  teem :  cubilia 
blattis.  —  congest  us,  -a,  -uni, 
p.p.  as  adj.,  gathered,  heaped: 
turea  dona ;  culraen  (sodded). 


Vocabulary. 


61 


eongestus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  con- 
gero. 

c-oiij;  redior,-gressns,  -grecll,  [con- 

gradior],  3.  v.  dep.,  (step  together) , 
go,  come,  or  meet  together  or  with 

•  one.  —  Esp.,  in  a  hostile  sense, 
fight,  contend,  engage. 

'.•minrcssus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  con- 
gredlor. 

congressus,  -us,  [con-gressus] , 
in.,  a  meeting  (either  friendly  or 
hostile),  encounter,  interview. 

coiiicio  (conii-),  -ieci,  -icctum, 
-iccre,  [con-iacio],  3.  v.  a.,  throw 
together  or  at,  hurl,  cast,  fling, 
shoot :  coniecta  sagitta  ;  con- 
iecta  cuspide  ;  saxa ;  velamina. 

—  With  reflexive,  throw  one's  self, 
rush,  speed,  hasten:  sese  in  late- 
bras  (plunge);   Iris  inter  medi- 
as  sese  (dashes') .  —  Less  exactly, 
of   direction    merely,    cast,    turn  : 
oculos. 

conicctus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  con- 
icio. 

conifer,  -era,  -erum,  [fcono-fer 
(y'fer  +  us)],  adj.,  cone-bearing, 
coniferous. 

conisus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  conitor. 

conitor  (conn-),  -iiisus  and  -nix- 
us,  -niti,  [con-nitor],  3.  v.  dep., 
lean  against,  strain,  struggle,  pit/ 
forth  an  effort,  strive :  conixus 
(with  mighty  effort}.  —  Esp.  of 
labor  (cf.  enitor),  be  in  labor, 
yean,  bring  forth  young. 

coniiigium,  -1  (-il),  [fconiug-  + 
ium,  as  if  con-fiugium],  n.,  a 
joining,  union.  —  Esp.  (perhaps 
originally,  cf.  coniunx),  mar- 
:  Veneris  (union  with'). — 
1  ,c>s  exactly,  of  animals,  coition. — 
Concretely  (cf.  amor,  beloved  ob- 
ject), husband,  wife. 

conitiiictus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  con- 
iungo. 

contango,  -itinxi,  -iunetum, 
-iungere,  [con-iungo],  3.  v.  a., 
join  together,  unite,  attach,  ally. 

—  Esp.  in  marriage,  unite  :  digno 
coniunctii  viro ;  ratis  coniuncta 
crepidine  saxi  (moored). 


coniunx  (-iux),  -iugis,  [con- 
-^iug,  as  stem],  comm.,  (uniting 
together),  a  husband,  a  wife,  a 
consort.  —  Less  exactly,  a  betrothed. 

coniuratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  con- 
iuro. 

coniuro,  -avi,  -atuni,  -are,  [con- 
iuro],  I.  v.  n.  and  a.,  sivear  to- 
gether, conspire.  —  coniuratus, 
-a,  -um,  p.p.  in  act.  sense,  having 
sworn,  1'iinded  together,  conspiring: 
rescindere  caelum. 

conixus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  coni- 
tor. 

conlabor  (coll-),  -lapsus,  -Itibi, 
[con-lfibor],  3.  v.  dep.,  fall  to- 
gether, full  in  ruins,  collapse, 
fall.  —  Esp.,  in  a  swoon  or  in 
death,  fall,  sink,  drop,  faint: 
membra  collapsa  (fainting)  : 
ferro  conlapsa  (swooning  from 
a  wound). —  Fig.,  waste  awav  : 
ossa  morbo.  —  conlapsus,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  fainting,  swoon- 
ing, sinking,  lifeless. 

conlapsus  (coll-),  -a,  -um,  p.p. 
of  conlabor. 

con  la t  us  (coll-),  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
confero. 

coiiligo  (coll-),  -legi,  -lectum, 
-ligerc,  [con -lego],  3.  v.  a.,  col- 
lect together,  bring  together,  assem- 
ble, gat  her,  collect :  ex  alto  nubes ; 
nox  pluviam  (bring  on) ;  quar- 
ta  hora  sitim  ;  coniecta  ex  Ion- 
go  rabies  edendi  (ravening  hun- 
ger grown  by  long  privation). — 
Pass.,  or  with  reflexive,  come  to- 
gether, gather,  mass  forces  :  omni- 
bus conlectis.  —  Also  of  strength, 
presence  of  mind,  or  courage,  col- 
lect, gain,  regain:  robur. — Less 
exactly,  contract,  shrink  (pass.)  : 
se  in  arma  (draw  behind  his 
shield ) ;  alitis  in  figuram 
(shrunken*). 

conloco  (coll-),  -avi,  -atuni, 
-are,  [con-loco],  i.  v.  a.,  put, 
place,  set,  arrange,  station. 

conloquium(coil-),  -i  (-ii),  [con- 
tloquium,  cf.  eloquium],  n., 
discourse,  conversation,  talk,  con- 


62 


Vocabulary. 


ference,  converse,  intercourse  :  de- 
orum.  _ 

conlucoC  (coll-),  no  perf.,  no  sup., 
-lucere,  [con-luceo],  2.  v.  n., 
shine  brightly,  blaze,  gleam,  glare, 
ignes ;  moenia  flammis  ;  veste 
atque  armis  (glitter). 

conludo1  (coll-),  -lusi,  -lusum, 
-liidere,  [con-ludo],  3.  v.  n.,  play 
with,  play  together,  sport,  play.  — 
Poetically,  of  things:  plumae. 

conlustro  (coll-),  -avi,  -atum, 
-are,  [con-lustro],  i.  v.  a.,  light 
tip. —  Perhaps  from  an  entirely 
different  original  meaning  (cf.  lus- 
tro),  examine,  survey  :  omnia. 

connecto,  see  conecto. 

connexus,  see  conexus. 

connisus,  see  conisus. 

coniiixus,  see  conixus. 

connubium,  see  conubium. 

Conon,  -onis,  [Gr.  Kovuv],  m.,  a 
mathematician  and  astronomer  in 
the  time  of  Ptolemy  Philadelphia. 

conor,  -atus  sum,  -ari,  [  ?,  perhaps 
akin  to  onus,  cf.  molior],  I  .v.  dep., 
undertake,  attempt,  try,  venture. 

conr-,  see  corr-. 

eonsanguineus,  -a,  -um,  [fcon- 
sanguin  (lost  stem,  con-sanguis, 
cf.  cosiiominis)  +  eus],  adj.,  of 
kindred  blood,  akin,  related. — 
Masc.,  a  kinsman  :  Leti  (brother). 

consanguinitas,  -tatis,  [fconsan- 
guin  (as  if  consanguini-,  cf.  con- 
sanguincus)  +tas],  f.,  kindred, 
relationship  (by  blood),  consan- 
guinity. 

conscendo,  -di,  -sum,  -dere,  [con- 
scando],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  mount, 
ascend :  rogos. —  Ksp. ,.;'•<>  on  board 
a  ship,  embark,  take  ship  :  aequor 
(put  to  sea). 

conscius,  -a,  -urn,  [con-fscius, 
^/sci+us  (cf.  inscius)],  adj., 
conscious,  privy  to,  aware  of :  ag- 
mina  (allied);  fati  (witness); 
aether  conubiis.  —  Transferred, 
conscious  (with  one's  self),  con- 
scious of  guilt,  self-conscious  .'  vir- 
tus ;  fama ;  mens  conscia  recti. 

coiisequor,  -secutus,  -sequi,  [con- 


sequor],  3.  v.  dep.,  attend,  follow. 

—  Esp.  in  hostile  sense,  pursue.  — 
With  different  sense  of  con,  follo~i.ii 
up,  overtake,  reach. 

i.consero,  -sevi,  -situm  <•••  -- .\- 
tum,  -serere,  [con-sero],  3.  v.  aT, 
sow  or  plant  -with  something  :  ar- 
va.  —  Fig-,  cover  or  strew  over  with 
something:  freta  consita  terris 
(dotted). 

2.  consero,  -semi,  -sertuni,  -se- 
rere, [con-sero],  3.  v.  a.,  connect, 
entwine,  tie,  join,  fit,  unite,  bind 
into  a  whole :  lorica  conserta 
hamis  (woven) ;  tegumen  spinis. 

—  Esp.  of  hostilities,  join  (in  fight), 
engage  in  :  dextram  ;  proelia. 

consertus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  2.  con- 
sero. 

consessus,  -us,  [con-sessus],  m., 
(a  sitting  together,  a  session ) .  — 
Concretely,  an  assembly :  caveae 
(spectators  in  the  theatre). 

consulo,  -sedl  (-sidi),  -scssum, 
-sidere,  [con-sido],  3.  v.  n.,  sit 
down,  settle,  seat  one's  self,  light  (of 
birds)  :  molli  in  herba  ;  Ausonio 
pOTiu(anc/tc>r).  —  Esp.,  halt,  settle 
dffivn  (to  dwell) ,  take  up  one's  abode. 

—  Of  inanimate  subjects,  settle,  sink 
down,  sink  in,  give  way,  subside  : 
in  ignes ;    totam  urbem   luctn 
(be  plunged). 

consilium,  -i  (-ii),  [consul -f  ium, 
cf.  consulo],  n.,  consultation, 
counsel.  —  Of  the  result,  wist  coun- 
sel, resolution, plan,  purpose,  course 
of  conduct  (as  resolved  upon), 
course  :  consiliis  non  futilis  auc- 
tor.  —  Of  ads'ice  given  to  another, 
counsel,  advice.  — Concretely  (cf. 
concilium),  a  (formal)  council, 
assembly.  —  Adv.,  consilio,  ad- 
visedly, intentionally,  purposely, 
with  design. 

consisto,  -stiti,  -stitum,  -sistere, 
[con-sisto],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  place 
one's  self,  take  one's  stand,  stand 
still,  remain  :  terra  (set  foot  on). 

—  Esp.,  take  a  stand,  ma'ke  a  halt, 
keep  a  position,  stand,  halt,  settle. 

—  Eig.,  rest :  mens. 


Vocabulary. 


consitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  i.consero. 

consono,  -ni,  no  sup.,  -are,  [con- 
sono],  I.  v.  n.,  sound  together  or 
at  the  same  time,  resound. 

censors,  -sortis,  [con-fsorti-  (fuller 
stem  of  sors)],  adj.,  of  equal  share, 
partaking  with :  me  consortem 
nati  concede  sepulchre  (in  com- 
mon with).  —  Also,  of  equal  lot, 
of  the  same  condition,  common,  in 
common. 

1.  conspectus,    -a,    -um,    p.p.   of 
coiispicio  as  adj.,  conspicuous. 

2.  conspectus,  -us,  [con-spectus], 
m.,  sight,  view,  presence :   e  con- 
spectu  (out  of  sight)  ;  in  conspec- 
tu;  ire  ad  conspectum  genito- 
ris  (to  meet). 

conspicio,  -spexi,  -spectum,  -spi- 

cere,  [con-specio],  3.  v.  a.,  gaze 

upon,  behold.  —  Also,  get  a  sight  of, 

jspy,  descry,jind.  See  conspectus. 

conspiro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [con- 
spiro],  i.  v.  n.,  blow  together,  sound 
together  :  aereaque  assensu  con- 
spirant  cornua  rauco. 

consterno,  -stravi,  -stratum, 
-sternere,  [con-sterno],  3.  v.  a., 
strew  over,  bestrew,  cover  :  terrain 
tergo ;  terrain  frondes. 

constituo,  -in,  -utuin,  -uere, 
[con-statuo],  3.  v.  a.,  set  up,  place, 
put :  taurum  ante  aras.  —  aras 
(erect) ;  moenia  (build ) ;  metam 
(set). —  Fig.,  of  things  not  mate- 
rial, establish.  —  Of  purpose,  deter- 
mine,  resolve  :  quaerere. 

consto,  -stiti,  -stiltum,  -stare, 
[con-sto],  I.  v.  n.,  stand  with, 
stand  together,  stand :  cyparissi. 
—  Yig., agree  or  accord  with,  be  con- 
sistent with,  correspond  to,  fit.  — 
Also,  stand  firm  or  immovable,  be 
firm,  remain  immovable,  unchang- 
ing, steadfast,  be  settled,  last,  per- 
severe, endure :  cuncta  caelo  se- 
reno  (be  steady,  as  a  sign  of  settled 
weather) ;  animo  sententia  (is 
fixed). 

constructus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  con- 
struo. 

construe,    -axi,    -uctum,    -uere, 


[con-struo],  3.  v.  a.,  heap  or  pile 
together,  heap  up. — Of  the  result, 
build,  erect,  construct,  make.  — 
constructus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as 
adj.,  heaped,  gathered,  stored,  built. 

consuesco,  -evi,  -etum,  -escere, 
[con-suesco],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.  inch., 
accustom,  habituate.  —  So  in  pass, 
part.,  accustomed,  inured,  habitu- 
ated: membra(/r  <?/«<•</). —  Neut., 
accustom  one's  self:  adeo  in  tene- 
ris  consuescere  multum  est  (such 
force  has  habit).  —  consuetus, 
-a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  accustomed, 
usual,  ordinary. 

consul,  -ulis,  [prob.  con-^/aal  as 
stem  (cf.  praesul,  exsul)  with 
some  lost  connection  of  ideas, 
founded  on  religious  observance, 
cf.  Salii],  m.,  a  consul,  one  of  the 
two  chief  magistrates  of  Rome. 

consult*,  -ui,  -turn,  -ere,  [prob. 
consulo,  akin  to  salio,  cf.  praesul, 
exsul],  3.  v.  n.  and  a.,  consider, 
reflect,  deliberate,  take  counsel,  con- 
sult:  consulite  in  medium  (for 
the  common  advantage).  —  Partic- 
ular phrase :  consulere  alicui  ot 
alicui  rei,  take  counsel  for  some 
one  or  some  thing,  care  for,  take 
care  of,  look  to,  have  regard  for, 
consult  for :  custodi  et  consule 
longe  ne,  etc.  (keep  a  look-out) .  — 
Act.,  consult  a  person  or  thing,  ask 
the  opinion  or  advice  of,  ask  coun- 
sel of:  vates  consultus.  —  Esp., 
consult  a  deity,  an  oracle,  omens  : 
exta ;  lucos. —  Transferred,  advise, 
counsel:  rem  nulli  obscuram 
(cog.  ace.). 

consultum,  -I,  [n.  p.p.  of  consulo], 
n.,  (a  thing  deliberated  ot  advised ), 
usually  plur.,  resolutions,  plans, 
oracles,  advice. 

consume,  -sumps!,  -sumptum, 
-siimere,  [con-sumo],  3.  v.  a. 
Of  food,  consume,  devour  :  men- 
sas  ;  consumptus  aliis.  —  Less 
exactly,  of  other  things,  consume, 
devour,  waste,  squander,  annihi- 
late, destroy,  bring  to  nought,  use 
up,  use,  wa.ste  away :  vaccae  in 


64 


Vocabulary. 


dulces  ubera  natos  (waste  upon}  ; 
consumerer  aevo;  nocte  con- 
sumpta  (spent) ;  sagitta  con- 
sump  ta  (by  fire). 

consumptus,  -a,  -11111,  p.p.  of  con- 
surno.^ 

consurgo,  -rexi,  -rectum,  -gere, 
[con-surgo],  3.  v.  n.,  rise  up, 
rise  (in  various  senses,  as  in  Eng.). 
—  From  bed,  from  table  :  relictis 
mensis;  in  ensem  (rise  wif/t,&c.) ; 
socii  tonsis  (rise  on  the  oars).  — 
Less  exactly,  of  order  or  position  : 
remi  ordine  (in  ranks}  ;  mundus 
ad  Scythiam  (of  the  higher  North); 
mare  ad  aethera  (mount  to  the 
skies) .  —  Of  hostility :  in  arma  (in 
arms} .  —  Fig. :  bellum  (arise)  ; 
venti. 

contactus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  con- 
tingo. 

contactus,  -us,  [con-tactus],  m., 
a  touching,  contact,  touch. 

contagium,  -I  (-ii),  [con-ftagium, 
•v/tag  +  ium],  n.,  contact.  —  lisp, 
of  the  result,  contagion,  infection  : 
vicini  pecoris  contagia. 

contego,  -texi,  -tcctuin,  -tegero, 
[con-tego],  3.  v.  a.,  cover  up. 

contemno  (-pno),  -psi,  -ptum, 
-nere,  [con-temno],  3.  v.  a.,  set  a 
small  value  on,  value  little,  hold  in 
contempt,  despise,  disdain,  scorn  : 
ventos  (defy};  opes;  favos  (of 
bees). 

contemplor,  -atus,  -ari,  [fcon- 
templo  (con-templo-)],  i.  v.  dep., 
survey  (cf.  templum),  observe, 
notice  carefully. 

contcmptor,  -oris,  [con-ftemptor 
( -^tem  +  tor),  as  if  contem  +  tor, 
cf.  contemno],  m.,  a  scorner,  de- 
spiser.  ^ 

contenclo,  -di,  -turn,  -dere,  [con- 
tendo],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  stretch, 
strain,  draw  (forcibly),  tighten  : 
vincla  ;  tela  .  .  .  et  arcum  (draw 
the  arrow  on  the  how);  nervo 
equino  telum  (cf.  telum  in  au- 
ras).—  From  the  result  (cf.  last 
example),  hurl,  throw,  cast,  Iling, 
shoot:  telum  in  auras.  —  Fig.,  of 


straining  the  powers  of  mind  or  body, 
strive,  exert  one's  self,  struggle.  — 
With  idea  of  opposition,  struggle, 
contend,  strive  for  mastery  :  bello ; 
versibus ;  cursu ;  ludo ;  contra 
Paridem  (in  boxing).  —  Fig.,  of 
things  in  rivalry,  vie  with,  compare 
with.  —  Of  aim  or  direction  (cf. 
trado),  direct,  aim,  hold  (a 
course) ;  cursum  (steer} .  —  con- 
tentus, -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
stretched,  straining:  cervix  (of 
oxen). 

1.  contentus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  rou- 
te iido. 

2.  contentus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  con- 
tineo.  _ 

eonterreo,  -ui,  -itum,  -ere,  [con- 
terreo],  2.  v.  a.,  terrify  greatly, 
frighten,  alarm :  conterrita  tellus 
(terror-stricken). 

conterritus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  con- 
terreo. 

contexo,  -xul,  -xtum,  -xere, 
[con-texo],  3.  v.  a.,  weave  or 
twine  together.  —  Less  exactly, 
prepare  by  joining  together,  com- 
pose, make,  build,  construct,  form, 
put  together;  equum  trabibus 
acernis. 

conticesco,  -ticui,  no  sup.,  -tices- 
cere,  [con-ticesco],  3.  v.  n.  inch., 
become  still,  grow  dumb,  hold  one's 
peace :  conticuere  omnes  (were 
hushed}. 

contiguus  (-uos),  -a,  -um,  [con- 
ftaguus,  cf.  nocuus  (V^ag+ 
uus)],  adj.  Act.,  (touching},  ad- 
joining, near.  —  Pass.  (cf.  por- 
spicuus),  (to  be  touched),  within 
reach,  within  range  .•  missae 
hastae^. 

contineo,  -tinui,  -tentum,-tinere, 
[con-teneo],  2.  V.A.  and  n.,  hold 
in,  keep  together,  confine.  —  Less 
exactly  (cf.  cohibeo),  hold  back, 
stav,  detain,  restrain,  check:  im- 
ber  agricolam  (detain  at  home) ; 
gradum  (half).  —  Fig.,  of  passions 
and  the  like,  restrain,  curb,  sub- 
dt<f,  control.  —  contcntus,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.  as  adj.  (self-contained}, 


Vocabulary. 


content,  satisfied :  mens  contenta 
quiete. 

contingo,  -tigi,  -tactuin,  -tingere, 
[con-tango],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  touch, 
take  hold  of :  funemmanu;  avem 
ferro  (hit).  —  Less  exactly,  reach, 
arrive  at,  attain,  gain,  touch  ; 
Italiam.  —  Of  the  effect  of  touch, 
in  p.p.,  taint,  affect  with  contagion 
(cf.  contagium).  —  Fig.  (with 
subject),  fall  to,  fall  to  the  lot  of 
(impersonal),  happen,  be  one's  lot, 
befall,  be  one's  fate  :  Turno  con- 
iunx ;  ire  ad  conspectum  con- 
tingat  (may  I  lie  allowed). 

coiitinuo[ahl.  of  continuus],  adv., 
immediately,  forthwith,  without 
delay. 

contorqueo,  -torsi,  tortuin,  -tor- 
quere,  [con-torqueo],  2.  v.  a., 
twist,  turn,  whirl  •  proram.  — 
From  the  whirling  of  missiles  (cf. 
amentum),  hurl  •  contorta  pha- 
larica  venit  {came  hurtling 
through  the  air). 

contortus,  -a,  -inn,  p.p.  of  con- 
torqueo. 

contra  [ahl.  of  fcontro-  (con  + 
tero-,  cf.  inter)],  adv.  and  prep. 
Adv.,  opposite,  on  the  other  side,  on 
the  opposite  side.  —  Fig.,  on  the 
other  hand,  on  the  contrary,  in  re- 
turn, in  reply,  in  opposition.  — 
Prep.,  over  against,  opposite  :  Ita- 
liam contra.  —  Less  exactly  and 
fig.,  against,  in  reply  to,  in  opposi- 
tion to  :  contra  quern,  {answering 
him) ;  it  contra  dicta  {proceeds 
in  reply  to) ;  contenders  contra 
Paridem. 

contractus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  con- 
tarsho. 

contraho,  -traxf,  -tractuiu,  -tra- 
here,  [con-traho],  3.  v.  a.,  draw 
together,  gather,  collect,  assemble, 
draw  in  :  Scorpio  bracchia.  — 
Less  exactly  or  fig.,  drats  on,  />ri/i 
on  :  frigus  (cf.  "  catch  ") .  —  con- 
tractus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
contracted,  narrow,  confined :  lo- 
cus. 
contrarius,  -a,  -um,  [fcontro- 


(reduced)+urius,  cf.  cxtrarius], 
adj.,  opposite,  lying  over  against.  — 
Fig.,  opposed,  contrary,  opposite  : 
fata.  —  With  idea  of  hostility,  ad- 
verse, unfavorable,  opposed:  fur- 
tis;  litora  litoribua  (of  eternal 
enmity). 

contremisco,  -ui,  no  sup.,  -iscere, 
[con-tremisco],  3.  v.  n.  inch., 
tremble  all  over,  shake,  shudder, 
quake  .^omne  contremuit  nemus. 

coiitristo,  -sivl,  -ut  um,  -are,[con- 
ftristo  (cf.  tristor)],  i.  v.  a., 
sadden,  cast  a  gloom  over  :  caelum. 

contundo,  -tudi,  -tusum,  -tun- 
dere,  [con-tundo],  3.  v.  a.,  bent, 
bruise,  crush,  found,  bray  :  her- 
bas.  —  Fig.,  crush,  quell .  feroces 
populos. — contusus,  -a,  -um, 
p.p.  as  adj.,  broken,  crushed,  af- 
flicted:  animi. 

contus,  -I,  [Gr.  Ko»/Tor],  m.,  a  punt- 
pole  (with  pointed  iron),  setting- 
pole.  —  Less  exactly,  of  weapons,  a 
pike. 

contiisus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  coii- 
tundo. 

conubium  (conn-),  -I  (-ii),  [con- 
fnubium,  stem  akin  to  nubo  (cf. 
pronuba)  -f  ium],  n.,  marriage 
as  an  institution  (cf.  nubo),  wed- 
lock :  nostra  conubia  poscunt. 

conns,  -i,  [Gr.  Kcavos,  cf.  cuneus], 
m.,  a  cone.  —  From  its  shape  (cf. 
the  modern  spiked  helmet),  the 
peak  (of  a  helmet),  a  crest  (to 
which  the  flowing  crest  was  fas- 
tened). 

convallis,  -is,  [con-vallis],  f.,  a 
valley  (enclosed). 

convecto,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -are, 
[con-vecto],  I.  v.  a.,  bring  to- 
gether ^  praedam. 

roiivt'llo,  -velli,-vulsum,-vellere, 
[con-vello],  3.  v.  a.,  (wrench), 
tear  away,  pluck  up :  viridem 
silvam  ab  humo  ;  funem  a  terra 
(cast  off).  —  Less  exactly,  tear 
apart,  rend  asunder. 
con  vcn  id, -veiii,-veutum, -venire, 
[con-venio],  4.  v.  n.  and  a.,  come 
together,  assemble,  gather  round.  — 


66 


Vocabulary. 


Fig.,  of  things  or  impersonally, 
be  agreed  upon,  be  determined.  — 
Also,  be  Jilting,  be  suitable,  be 
right. 

conventus,  -us,  [con-fventus,  cf. 
adventus],  m.,  a  coming  together. 
—  Concretely,  an  assembly,  con- 
clave. 

conversus,  -a,  -11111,  p.p.  of  con- 
verto. 

converto  (-vorto),  -ti,  -sum, 
-tere,  [con-verto],  3.  v.  a.,  turn 
around,  turn,  invert,  reverse,  turn 
backward:  inmeferrum;  omen 
in  ipsum  (bring  the  disaster}. — 
In  pass,  or  with  reflexive,  turn, 
wheel,  face  about.  —  Fig.,  alter, 
change,  transform :  animi  con- 
versi ;  classein  in  Nymphas ; 
vias.  —  conversus,  -a,  -um,  as 
adj.,  inverted,  reversed,  trans- 
formed: agmina  (flying) ;  nu- 
mina  (adverse}  ;  conversis  fron- 
tibus  (opposing,  of  bulls  fighting). 

convexus,  -a,  -um,  [p.p.  of  con- 
vene), adj.,  (brought  together}, 
vaulted,  arched,  rounded,  bending, 
winding:  trames  (circuitous}. — 
Neut.,  a  vault,  arch,  concavity,  re- 
cess :  caeli  supera  convexa  (the 
canopy  of  heaven};  convexa  (the 
rounded  mass,  of  mountains)  ;  con- 
vexo  pondere  (the  mass  of  the 
spheres} . 

convivium,  -I  (-11),  [conviva  (re- 
duced) +  ium  (n.  of  ius)],  n.,  a 
meal  in  company  (cf.  conviva), 
a  feast,  banquet. 

convolsus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  con- 
vello. 

convolve,  -volvi,  -volutum,  -vol- 
vere,  [con-volvo],  3.  v.  a.,  roll 
together,  roll  up. —  Pass,  or  with 
reflexive,  roll  together,  roll  up,  roll, 
writhe,  coil. 

convulsus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  con- 
vello. 

coorior, -ortus, -oriri,  [con-orior] , 
3.  and  4.  v.  <lep.,  arise,  rise  up.  — 
Fig.,  of  tilings,  break  out,  arise  : 
seditio. 

coortus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  coorior. 


copia,  -ae,  [copi-  (con-ops)  +  ia 
(f.  of  ins),  cf.  inops,  inopia],  f., 

plenty,  multitude,  abundance,  a 
supply. — Transferred,  ability,  pow- 
er, means,  resources,  opportunity, 
chance  (to  do  anything)  :  fandi ; 
pugnae;  adfari  (leave}.  —  Con- 
cretely, in  plur.,  troops,  forces. 

coquo,  coxi,  coctuni,  coqiiere. 
[•y/coc,  cf.  Gr.  WTTCO],  3.  v.  a.,  cook. 
—  Less  exactly  of  other  things  than 
food,  fire,  roast,  mellmv  (of  soil), 
harden  (of  wood).  —  Of  the  effect 
of  the  sun,  ripen,  mellow  :  coqui- 
tur  vindemia.  —  Fig.  (cf.  uro), 
vex,  worry,  harass.  —  coctus,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  hardened. 

cor,  cordis,  [unc.  root,  cf.  Gr.  /cf)p, 
Eng.  heart],  n.,  the  heart.  —  Fig., 
heart,  soul  (of  both  mural  and  in- 
tellectual powers).  —  Of  persons, 
as  in  English,  soul,  heart :  iuve- 
nes  fortissima  corda.  —  Phrase : 
cordi  esse  (cf.  "go  to  one's 
heart"),  be  dear,  please,  be  de- 
sired. 

Cora,  -ae,  [Gr.  Ko'po],  f.,  a  town  of 
Latium  (now  Core}. 

curaiti  [con-os  (or  stem  akin),  unc. 
case,  cf.  perperam],  adv.  and 
prep.  Adv.,  in  presence,  before 
the  eyes,  in  person  :  coram  adest 
(is  here  before  you}. — Prep.,  in 
the  presence  of,  before. 

Coras,  -ae,  [?],  m.,  one  of  the 
founders  of  Tibur. 

Co rin thus,  -i,  [Gr.  Kopu'Oos],  f.,  a 
celebrated  city  of  the  Peloponnesus, 
famous  for  its  bronze-foundries  and 
artistic  skill.  It  was  conquered  by 
L.  Mummius. 

coriiim,  -I  (-ii),  [Gr.  ^opto?],  n., 
skin,  hide,  leather. 

i.corneus,  -a,  -um,  [fcornu-  (re- 
duced)-)- eus],  adj.,  of  horn,  horny, 
horn. 

2.  cornous,  -a,  -um,  [tcorno-  (re- 
duced) +  eus],  adj.,  of  the  cornel 
/>;;•,  of  cornel  wood. 

oorniger,  -era,  -erum,  [tcornu- 
(\\x-akened)  -ger  (^ger  +  us)], 
adj.,  bearing  horns,  horned. 


Vocabulary. 


cornlpes,  -edis,  [fcornu-  (weak- 
ened) -pes],  adj.,  horn-footed, 
horny-hoofed. 

comix,  -Icis,  [dim.,  akin  to  Gr. 
Kopcii/rj],  {.,  a  crow. 

cornfi,  -u,  [unc.  root  (akin  to  Kepas) 
+  nu],  n.,  a  horn,  horn. — Less 
exactly,  a  hoof.  —  From  similarity, 
horn  (of  the  moon),  tip,  yardarm, 
end,  branch  (of  a  river),  peak  (of 
a  helmet,  cf.  conns),  a  bow  (with 
horn  ends),  a  trumpet. 

cornuin,  -I,  [perh.  akin  to  cornu, 
from  the  hardness  of  its  wood],  n., 
the  cornel  cherry.  —  Also,  cornel. 

cormis,  -I,  [see  cornurn],  f.,  a  cor- 
nel. —  Less  exactly,  cornel  wood, 
a  javelin  (made  of  the  wood). 

Coroebus,  -I,  [Gr.  Ko'/>o<0os] ,  m.,  a 
Phrygian,  an  ally  of  Priam. 

corona,  -ae,  [Gr.  Kopvvi)],  f.,  a  gar- 
land, a  diadem,  a  wreath,  a  crown 
(of  royalty).  —  In  astronomy,  The 
Crown.  —  From  similarity,  a  circle 
of  men,  a  ring,  a  crowd,  a  ring  of 
defenders. 

corono,  -avl,  -atuin,  -are,  [coro- 
na], i.  v.  a.,  furnish  with  a  gar- 
land or  crown,  to  crown :  vina 
(wreathe  the  bowl ) .  —  Less  exact- 
ly, surround,  encompass,  enclose, 
wreathe,  beset:  omnem  aditum 
custode. 

corporens,  -a,  -um,  [fcorpos  + 
eus],  adj.,  corporeal,  of  the  body  : 
pestes. 

corpus, -oris,  [unc.  root  +  us],  n., 
a  body  (alive),  a  lifeless  body, 
corpse.  —  the  frame,  the  form,  the 
person. —  As  in  English,  a  person, 
n n  animal  (cf.  "  head  "}, creature: 
corpora  virorum(/2>r/«  j  of  heroes). 
—  More  abstractly,  person,  form, 
figure :  praestanti  corpore  Nym- 
phae.  —  Also  of  things,  bulk,  mass, 
body,  trunk  (of  a  tree)  :  toto  cer- 
tatum  est  corpore  regni  (united 
power) .  —  P'rom  association  with 
burial,  the  ghost,  shade,  spirit.  — 
Phrases :  corpore  exire,  elude, 
dodge  ;  toto  corpore,  with  all  one's 
might. 


corrcptus  (conr-),  -a,  -uin,  p.jx 
of  corripio. 

corripio(coiir-),  -ripul,  -reptum, 
-ripere,  [con-ripio],  3.  v.  a.,  seize, 
snatch  up,  catch,  lay  violent  hands 
on,  grasp  quickly  :  hastem  ;  cae- 
sariem  ;  scuta  correpta  sub  un- 
dis  (borne  away}  ;  monies  unda ; 
Marte  secundo  omnia  (gain).  — 
With  corpus  or  a  reflexive,  rise 
quickly,  start  up,  tear  one's  self 
away, hurry  off:  e  stratis  (.?/;•/;/ 1;)  ; 
e  somno.  —  Fig.,  of  intangible  sub- 
jects, seize  upon,  catch,  attack,  car- 
ry away  (with  any  passion)  :  flam- 
ma  tabulas ;  cinis  altaria  flam- 
mis  (break  out  in  flames  on); 
mediis  silvis  correptis ;  Camilla 
correpta  tali  militia  (carried 
away  by*)  ;  hunc  plausus  (capti- 
vate). —  Of  sudden  motion,  occupy, 
hurry  over :  campum  (scour) ; 
viam  (speed  OH)'',  spatia;  spati- 
um  medium. 

corrumpo,-rupl,  -ruptum,  -rtim- 
pere,  [con-rumpo],  3.  v.  a.,  (break 
up),  spoil,  destroy,  ruin,  damage, 
adulterate.  —  Less  exactly,  infect, 
poison,  taint.  —  corruptus,  -a, 
-urn,  p.p.  as  &d).,taznted,  infectious, 
pestilent,  infected:  tractus  caeli. 

corruo  (con-),  -ul,  no  sup.,  -ere, 
[con-ruo],  3.  v.  n.  and  a.,  fall  to- 
gether, fall  down,  fall,  sink  to  the 
ground. 

corrupttis,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  cor- 
rumpo. 

cortex,  -icis,  [?],  m.  and  f.,  bark. 

cortina,  -ae,  [?,  perh.  akin  to  Gr. 
Xopros],  f.,  a  kettle,  a  caldron. — 
From  the  use  of  the  utensil  at  Del- 
phi, the  tripod  (at  Delphi),  the 
oracle  (delivered  from  it). 

corulus,  -i,  see  corylus. 

Corns  (Can-),  -i,  [?,  prob.  Greek], 
m.,  the  North-west  wind. 

corusco,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -are, 
[fcorusco-],  i.  v.  a.  and  n.,  agi- 
tate, move  to  and  fro,  shake,  brand- 
ish, wave  :  gaesa  manu.  —  Neut., 
quirer,  wave,  shake  :  apes  pennis 
(agitate  their  wings} .  —  From  sim- 


68 


Vocabulary. 


ilarity,  of  light,  &c.,  quiver,  shim- 
mer, flash,  glitter,  sparkle. 

coriisciis,  -a,  -um,  [unc.  stem  (akin 
to  Kopvffffu)  +  cus],  adj.,  waving, 
quivering,  tremulous  :  silvae.  — 
From  similarity  (cf.  corusco), 
fashing,  gleaming,  coruscating: 
fulmina  ;  sol  (blazing)  ;  iuvenes 
auro. 

eorvus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  raven. 

Corybantius,  -a,  -um,  [(Jr.  Kopu- 
BdvTeios],  adj.,  of  the  Corybantes 
(priests  of  Cybele  who  celebrated 
her  worship  with  clanging  cym- 
bals), Corybantian. 

Corycius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Ko>pwcaios] , 
adj.,  of  Corycus  (a  place  in  Cilicia 
famous  for  its  saffron),  Cory  dan. 

Corydon,  -onis,  [Gr.  KopvSwv^,  m., 
a  shepherd. 

corylus  (-ulus),  -i,  [Gr.  KO/wAot], 
f.,  a  hazel-tree,  a  hazel. 

corymbus,  -i,^[Gr.  wrfpy/x^os] ,  m., 
a  cluster  (of  fruit,  &c.),  a  bunch. 

Corynaeus,  -I,  [?],  m.:  i.  A  priest 
of  the  Trojans;  2.  A  Rutulian. 

Corythus,  -I,  [?],  m. :  I.  A  town  of 
Etruria,  Corlona ;  2.  Its  mythical 
founder. 

cos,  cotis,  [V00  (cf-  sharpen,  co- 
nns) +tis],  f .,  a  hone,  a  whetstone. — 
Less  exactly ,jlint,stone(cL  cautes). 

Cosa,  -ae,  (-ae,  -arum),  f.,  a  town 
of  Etruria  (now  Ansedonia). 

Cossus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  Roman  family 
name  in  the  Cornelian  gens. — 
Esp.,  A.  Cornelius  Cossus,  consul 
B.C.  428. 

costa,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  rib.  — Less  ex- 
actly, a  side. 

cotes  (cau-),  -is,  [?],  f.,  a  rough 
pointed  rock,  a  crag. 

cothurnus  (cotu-),  -I,  [Gr.  K&9op- 
vos],  m.,  a  hunting-boot  (covering 
the  foot  and  lower  part  of  the  leg, 
and  laced  in  front),  a  buskin. — 
From  its  use  by  tragic  actors,  of  a 
lofty  tragic  style  in  poetry,  the  Ints- 
kin,  tragedy. 

crabro,  -onis,  [?],  m.,  a  hornet. 

eras  [cf.  Sk.  (vas],  adv.,  to-morrow. 

crassus,  -a,   -um,   [  ?,  p.p.  of  lost 


verb,  perh.  y'cart  (cf.  Sk.  krit, 
twist,  spin)  +  tus],  adj.,  thickened 
up,  /hick,  coarse  :  cruor  (clotted)  ; 
paludes  (miry)  •  terga 
ridges) ;  farrago ;  ignis  caligine 
(dark  with  thick  smoke). 

crastiiius,  -a,  -um,  [eras  -f  tinus, 
cf.  diutinus],  adj.,  of  the  morrow, 
to-morrow's :  ortus  (next,  next 
day's) . 

cratera,  -ae,  f.;  -er,  -eris,  m., 
(ace.  Gr.  sing,  cratera,  plur. 
c rat eras),  [Gr.  Kpar-rtp],  a  mix- 
ing vessel,  a  bowl,  a  jar,  of  large 
size  in  which  the  whole  store  of 
wine  was  mixed  for  the  company. 
—  Also  the  same  vessel  used  for 
other  purposes,  oil-jar  :  fuso  cra- 
teres  olivo. 

crates,  see  cratis. 

cratis,  -is,  [perh.  akin  to  cras<n-  , 
f.,  wicker-work,  a  hurdle  (used  fur 
many  farming  purposes  by  the 
ancients).  —  Esp.,  a  drag  (for  har- 
rowing). —  From  similarity  of  tex- 
ture, a  net-work,  a  cell  (of  a  hive), 
the  breast:  pectoris  (framework). 

creatrix,  -icis,[crea(stem  of  cn-n 
-f  trix],  f.,  a  producer  (female), 
a  mother. 

creatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  cr<-<>. 

creber,  -bra,  -bruin,  (-brior, 
-berrimus),  [?,  unc.  root  +  rus], 
adj.,  thick,  close :  Africus  creber 
procellis.  —  Of  closeness  in  lime, 
repeated,  frci/ucnt,  numerous,  con- 
stant:  sonitus  pedum  (of  many 
feet) ;  crebro  ariete  (with  fre- 
quent strokes  of) ;  anhelitus 
(quick, hurried)  ;  turbo  (quit/,-}  ; 
heros  creber  (as  adv.,  again  and 
again)  ;  tela  (showers  of)  ;  Aus- 
ter  (full  and  strong,  with  inces- 
sant blasts).  —  Neut.  plur.  as  adv., 
frequently,  repeatedly. 

crebresco  (-besco), -briii  (-bui), 
no  sup.,  -brescere  (-bescrrc ;, 
[fcrebre  (stem  of  lost  crrlirro, 
•  fr.  crebro-)],  3.  v.  n.  inch.,  become 
frequent,  increase,  freshen  (of 
winds,  cf.  creber),  become  rife  (of 
rumors)  :  aurae. 


Vocabulary. 


69 


creditus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  credo. 

credo,  -dldi,  -ditiini,  -dere,  [lost 
stemfcred  (cf.  Sk.  c,rat)  -do,  put}, 
3.  v.  n.  and  a.,  put  faith  in,  trust 
to,  confide'  in,  trust :  color! ;  Aus- 
tria ;  auditis  quicquam  (believe 
at  all).  —  Act.,  entrust,  confide  to, 
commit :  anni  spem  terrae  (of 
sowing) ;  tibi  sensus  ;  custodia 
credita.  —  In  same  sense  with  re- 
flexive, trust  one's  self  to,  venture 
on,  hazard  •  se  pugnae.  —  With 
thing  as  object,  credit,  believe,  sup- 
pose, imagine :  credas  innare 
Cycladas  ;  res  credita ;  vim  ad- 
fore  verbo.  —  Irregularly  with  per- 
son as  object,  trust,  believe  :  Cas- 
sandra credita. 

credulus,  -a,  -um,  [teredo  (lost 
noun-stem,  cf.  credo)  +  lus],  adj., 
believing,  trustful,  confiding,  cred- 
ulous :  non  ego  credulus  illis. 

cremo,  -avi,  -fituni,  -are,  [perh. 
akin  to  carbo],  I.  v.  a.,  burn, 
consume. 

Cremona,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  town  of 
Gallia  Cisalpina,  on  the  Po.  Its 
lands  were  confiscated  by  Augustus. 

creo,  -avi,  -atiini,  are,  Ttcero- 
( -y/cer  +  us,  see  cerus,  cresco, 
Ceres)],  I.  v.  a.,  produce,  bring 
forth,  beget.  —  Less  exactly,  breed 
(of  animals). 

crepido,  -inis,  [akin  to  Kprjiris},  f., 
a  base,  foundation.  —  Less  exactly, 
a  quay,  bank. 

crepito,  -avi,  -atiini,  -are,  [fcre- 
pito-,  p.p.  of  crepo],  I.  v.  n., 
crackle,  rattle,  rustle,  clatter  : 
llamina ;  malae  (with  blows)  ; 
Auster ;  brattea  vento ;  undae 
(tmirinur). 

crepitus,  -us,  [fcrepi-  (stem  of 
crepo,  as  root)  -f  tus],  m.,  a  rat- 
tling, creaking,  clattering,  rus- 
tling ;  rattle  (of  thunder) . 

crepo,  -ui,  -itum,  -are,  [?],  i.  v.  n., 
crack,  r -tittle,  rustle,  crash.  —  From 
effect  to  cause,  break  with  a  crash 
(perhaps  the  original  meaning). 

cresco,  crevi,  cretum,  oi 


[stem  akin  to  creo  (perhaps  same, 
as  if  ere)  +  sco),  3.  v.  n.,  grow  up, 
be  born,  arise.  — Less  exactly, grow, 
increase,  swell ;  Thybris  (rise)  ; 
corpus  (fatten)  ;  umbrae  (length- 
en); aestus  (rise,  flow).  —  Fig., 
thrive,  prosper. —  cretus,  -a,  -um, 
p.]).,  sprung  from,  descended  from. 

Cres,  -etis,  [?],  adj.,  Cretan. — 
Masc.  plur.,  Cretes,  -um,  the  in- 
habitants of  Crete,  Cretans. 

Cressius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Kpjjo-ios], 
adj.,  of  Crete,  Cretan. 

Cressus,  -a,  -um,  [cf.  Gr.  Kp7)(r<ra], 
adj.,  of  Crete,  Cretan. 

Creta,  -ae,  [Gr.  KPTJTTJ],  f.  of  adj., 
Crete  (the  island  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean, now  Candid).  —  From  a 
common  export,  chalk,  Cretan 
earth,  -white  clay. 

Cretaeus,  -a,  -um,  [adj.  of  Gr. 
form],  adj.,  of  Crete,  Cretan. 

Creteus,  see  Cretheus. 

Cretheus,  -eos,  [?],  m.,  a  Greek  in 
the  Trojan  army. 

cretus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  cresco. 

Creusa,  -ae,  [Gr.  Kptovffa  (fern,  p., 
princess)'},  f.,  a  daughter  of  Priam, 
and  wife  of  /Eneas. 

crimen,  -inis,  [lengthened  root  of 
cerno  -f  men],  n.  (a  decision  of  a 
case,  cf.  cerno),  a  charge,  accusa- 
tion. —  Less  exactly,  a  reproach,  a 
crime,  a  fault  (more  serious  than 
culpa).  —  Poetically  :  crimina 
belli  (charges  to  lead  to  war)  • 
se  clamat  crimen  (the  guilty 
one) . 

Crimisus  (-issus],  -i,  [Gr.  Kpi- 
jjdaos  (Kpt^tioWs)],  m.,  a  river  on 
the  south-west  coast  of  Sicily. — 
Also,  the  river-god. 

crinalis,  -e,  [fcrini-  (reduced)  + 
alis],  adj.,  of  the  hair:  aurum 
(golden  hair-band^). 

crinis,  -is,  [?],  m.,  the  hair. —  From 
similarity,  tail  (of  a  comet,  or 
shooting-star),  a  trail,  a  train. 

crinitiis,  -a,  -um,  [fcrini  (length- 
ened, as  if  stem  of  fcrinio)  +tus, 
U".  ai-iiiiitus],  adj.,  haring  long 
hair,  long-haired,  crested. 


Vocabulary. 


crispo,    no    perf.,     -atum,    -arc, 

[fcrispo],  I.  v.  a.,  wave,  brandish 
(cf.  crispus). 

crista,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  crest  (of  a 
helmet) .  —  Less  exactly,  a  helmet. 

cristatus,  -a,  -um,  [fcrista  +  tus, 
cf.  armatus],  adj.,  crested  (having 
a  crest  as  a  famous  warrior). 

croceus,  -a,  -um,  [fcroco-  (re- 
duced) +  eus],  adj.,  of  saffron, 
saffron. 

crocus,  -i,  m.,  -um,  -i,  n.,  [Gr. 
KpoKos~],  saffron. —  Less  exactly, 
saffron-color. 

crudelis,  -e,  [fcrude-  (stem  of 
fcrudeo,  fr.  crudus  implied  in 
crudesco)  +  lis,  cf.  Aprilis], 
adj.,  harsh, severe,  cruel,  unrelent- 
ing, ruthless.  — Transferred,  cruel, 
bloody,  destructive,  frightful :  fu- 
nus;  fata;  arae;  umbrae  (of 
the  lower  world). —  Also,  bitter, 
•violent:  luctus;  odium. 

crudeliter  [fcrudeli  +  ter  (  ?,  neut. 
of  terus,  reduced)],  adv.,  cruelly, 
barbarously. 

crudesco,  -ui,  no  sup.,  -escere, 
[tcrude-  (cf.  crudelis)  +  sco], 
3.  v.  n.  inch.,  grow  hard,  become 
aggravated,  grow  worse,  grcav 
fierce,  wax  hot :  pugnae. 

crudus,  -a,  -um,  [stem  akin  to 
cruor  +  dus],  adj.,  bloody,  raw.  — 
From  similarity,  hard,  rough.  — 
Less  exactly,  undressed,  raw  :  pero. 
—  Fig.,  rough,  rude,  sturdy :  se- 
nectus.  —  Also,  cruel,  harsh  : 
ensis^ 

cruento,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fcru- 
ento-],  i.  v.  a.,  make  bloody,  spot 
or  stain  with  blood. 

crucntus,  -a,  -um,  [-^/cru,  in 
cruor,  p.  or  p.  developed,  cf.  ar- 
gcntum],  adj.,  bloody,  gory.  — 
P'rom  similarity,  blood-red,  crim- 
son, red:  myrta ;  bello  signum. 

cruor,  -oris,  [^/cru  (in  crueiitus, 
etc.)  +  or],  m.,  blood,  gore  (blood 
shed).  —  Also,  life-blood. 

crus,  -urls,  [?],  n.,  the  leg. 

crusta,  -ae,  [?,  but  cf.  crustum 
and  K/JuffToAAos],  f.,  the  skin,  rind, 


shell,  crust,  bark.  —  Less  exactly, 
ice. 

crustum,  -i,  [cf.  crusta],  n.,  bread 
(thin  and  perhaps  hard  baked,  as 
used  for  trenchers). 

Crustumeri,  -orum,  [?],  in.,  the 
people  of  Crustuineriiun,  a  town  of 
the  Sabines,  the  town  itself. 

Crustumius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  of 
Crustumium  or  Crustumeriuni, 
Crustumian. 

cubile,  -is,  [n.  adj.  fr.  lost  noun- 
stem  (akin  to  cubo)  +  ills],  n.,  a 
bed,  couch.  —  Less  exactly,  a  nest, 
a  beehive,  a  stall,  a  burrow. 

cubitum, -i,  [fcubi-  (stem  of  cubo, 
as  root)  +  turn  (n.  of  tus)],  n., 
the  elbow. 

cucumis,  -eris,  [?,  reduplicated 
root  +  is  (akin  to  -us  and  -or)], 
m.,  a  cucumber. 

cuius  (quoi-),  -a,  -um,  [fquo- 
(stein  of  qui)  +  ius),  pron.  adj., 
whose  ? 

culmen,  -inis,  [unc.  root  (perhaps 
-y/col)  +  men,  cf.  columna],  n., 
top,  summit,  roof.  , 

culmus,  -i,  [cf.  "halm"], in.,  a  stalk, 
stem  (esp.  of  grain),  straw-thatch. 

culpa,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  fault,  crime,  de- 
fect,guilt. — Less  exactly,  infection, 
disease  (cf.  vitium). 

culpatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  cuipo. 

culpo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fculpa], 
I.  v.  a.,  blame,  reproach,  censure, 
reprove,  disapprove,  condemn.  — 
culpatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.,  blame- 
able,  to  be  blamed. 

cultcr,  -tri,  [?],  m.,  a  knife,  sacri- 
ficial knife. 

cultor,  -oris,  [Vc°l  (m  colo)  + 
tor],  m.,  cultivator,  husbandman, 
tiller  of  the  soil.  —  Less  exactly, 
inhabitant.  —  Also,  worshipper, 
priest. —  Also  (cf.  colo),  lover: 
nemorumPan  (loving to  inhabit). 

cultrix,  -icis,  [  ^/col  (root  of  colo) 
+  trix],f.,  a  female  inhabitant. — 
Also,  protectress,  patroness,  mis- 
tress. 

cult  HIM,  -ae,  [  fcultu-  (lengthened, 
.  as  if  verb-stem,  cf.  tribu.s, 


Vocabulary. 


tribuiius,  tribuo)  +  ra  (f.  of 
rus,  cf.  maturus,  also  figura)], 
f.,  cultivation,  care. 

i.cultus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  colo. 

2.  ciiltus,  -us,  [Vc°l  (>n  colo)  + 
tus],  m.,  cultivation,  tillage  (of 
land).  —  Of  other  things,  care. — 
Fig.,  mode  of  life,  manners,  dress, 
care  of  the  person,  plight. 

1.  cum  [prob.  identical  with  con], 
prep,  with  abl.,  with  (in  all  Eng- 
lish senses  except  instrument,  and 
sometimes  almost  approaching  that 
if  accompaniment  is  the  main  idea). 
— Appended  to  personal  pronouns  : 
mecum,  tecum.  —  Phrase  :    cum 
prlmls,  chiefly,  especially. 

2.  cum     (earlier    form    quoin,    cf. 
.ruins  fr.  qui),  incorrect  spelling, 

qiium,  [unc.  case-form  of  quis, 
qui,  cf.  tuni,  mini,  dum],  adv. 
Temporal,  when,  since,  while.  — 
Causal,  since,  although,  while. 

Ciimac,  -arum,  [Gr.  KiV"?],  f.,  an 
ancient  colony  of  the  Chalcidians 
in  Campania,  the  residence  of  the 
Sibyl. 

Cumaeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  KujuaTos], 
adj.,  of  Cuiiitc,  Cunucan. 

rumba,  see  cymba. 

cumqiio,  [2.  cum-que,  cf.  quis- 
qucj,  adv.,  usually  appended  to 
relatives,  {always),  so  ever. 

ciimiilatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  cu- 
miilo. 

cumiilo,  -avi,  -Stum,  -are,  [fcu- 
mulo],  I.  v.  a.,  heap  up,  pile  up. 
—  By  a  change  of  point  of  view, 
heap  itp  with,  load,  pile  with  : 
Acesten  muneribus  ;  altaria 
donis.  —  Poetic  use :  veniam  cu- 
mulatam  morte  remittam  {in- 
creased by  my  death,  repaid  in 
ample  measure). 

cumulus,  -I,  [lost  stem  fcumo-  (cf. 
KU/J.O-  in  composition,  wave,  same 
root  as  KIKO)  +lus],  m.,  a  mass,  a 
heap,  a  pile. 

cunabula,  -orum,  [tcunu-  (as  if 
of  lost  verb,  cf.  cuiiae)  +  bulum], 
n.  plur.,  a  cradle. — -Less  exactly, 
a  nest,  a  cell  (resting-place  of 


bees) .  —  Fig.,  of  a  birthplace,  cra- 
dle, first  home  :  gentis  nostrae. 

cunctor,  -atus,  -arl,  [fcuncto, 
p.p.  of  lost  verb  of  unc.  root,  but 
cf.  Sk.  9ank,  waver~\,  I.  v.  dep., 
linger,  loiter,  hesitate,  delay  : 
cunctando  {by  dilatory  Measures} ; 
cunctanti  (of  Palinurus,  resisting, 
not  yielding  to  sleep). 

cuiictus,  -a,  -um,  [con-iunctus, 
p.p.  as  adj.],  adj.,  usually  plur.,  all 
(together),  the  %vliole. 

(•minis,  -I,  [?,  but  cf.  conus,  cos], 
m.,  a  wedge.  —  From  the  form,  a 
column  (of  attack,  in  the  form  of 
a  wedge).  —  Also,  the  rows  of  a 
theatre,  benches  of  spectators. 

cunquc,  see  cumque. 

Cupavo,  -onis,  [?],  m.,  son  of 
Cycnus,  a  prince  of  northern  Italy. 

Cupcncus,  -I,  [?],  -m.,  a  Kutulian. 

cupido,  -inis,  [fcupi-  (either  stem 
of  cupio  or  lost  noun-stem  akin) 
+  do,  perhaps  through  cupes],  f., 
rarely  in.,  desire,  longing,  eager- 
ness. —  Personified,  Love,  Cupid. 

cupidus,  -a,  -um,  [fcupo-  or  tcupi- 
(lost  stem  akin  to  cupio)  +  dus], 
adj.,  longing,  eager,  desirous. 

cupio,  -Ivi  (-ii),  -Itum,  -ere, 
[  V^UP)  l)ut  perhaps  through  noun- 
stem],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  long  for 
(stronger  than  volo),  desire,  be 
eager,  covet,  wish,  be  anxious,  long, 
burn  to. 

cupressus,  -I,  [Gr.  KwnapirTffos~\,  f., 
the  cypress  (a  tall  evergreen  sacred 
to  Pluto,  and  a  sign  of  death  and 
mourning). 

cur  (quor),  [prob.  qua-re],  inter- 
rog.  adv.,  why  ?  wherefore  ?  for 
lohat  purpose? 

cura,  -ae,  [akin  to  Koipavos],  f., 
care,  trouble,  anxiety,  concern,  so- 
licitude :  curae  ingeminant.  — 
Esp.  of  love,  distress  (of  love), 
love  :  regina  gravi  saucia  cura. 
—  Concretely,  the  object  of  love, 
love,  Jlainc,  darling:  tua  cura 
Lycoris.  —  With  reference  to  an 
object,  solicitude,  care,  attention, 
pains,  concern  :  cura  peculi ; 


Vocabulary. 


grandaevis  oppida  curae  (i.e., 
are  their  care) ;  amantes  curae 
numen  habet  {has  in  his  care) ; 
tantae  est  victoria  curae  {such 
eager  desire  for  victory)  ;  terra- 
rum  cura  {charge) ;  arva  non 
ulli  obnoxia  curae  (subject  to  no 
labor  of  man) ;  omni  cura  vires 
exercet  {diligence) ;  curas  ex- 
tendit  in  annum.  —  In  a  weaker 
sense,  regard  for,  thought  of,  mem- 
ory :  Corydonis  {regard  for) ; 
amissae  parentis ;  ea  cura  .  .  . 
rumpere,  etc.  {(he  thought). — 
Concretely,  object  of  care,  care, 
busi  ness,  province  :  ducis  concipe 
curam  {task,  but  compare  gran- 
daevis, etc.,  above) ;  quibus  cura 
penum  struere  {office) ;  obsidere 
cura  datur  Messapo  ;  tenues 
curae  {trivial  affairs).  —  Per- 
sonified, in  first  sense,  Cares  : 
ultrices  (pangs  of  conscience). 

curculio  (gurgulio),  -onis,  [?], 
in.,  a  corn-worm,  weevil. 

Cures,  -iuiii,  m.  and  f.,  the  ancient 
chief  town  of  the  Sabines. 

Curetes,  -um,  [(Jr.  KovpTJres],  m., 
the  most  ancient  inhabitants  of  the 
island  of  Crete,  priests  of  Cybele 
(the  same  as  the  Corybantes). 

ciirist,  -ae.,  [?],  f.,  the  senate-house. 

euro  [old  form,  coero],  -avi, 
-atum,  -sin',  [fcura],  i.  v.  a., 
care  for,  take  or  have  care  of,  be 
solicitous  for,  look  or  attend  to, 
trouble  one's  self  about,  tend,  culti- 
vate, look  out  for  (secure)  :  cor- 
pora (refresh)  ;  vites  {dress)  ; 
carmina ;  id  venti  curant ;  fri- 
gora  {mind).  —  With  inf.,  cure 
to,  desire  to,  take  the  trouble  to. 

curriculum,  -I,  [fcurru-  (weak- 
ened) +  culum,  dim.],  n.,  course. 
—  Fig.,  space,  course  (of  time), 
career. 

ourro,  cucurri,  eursuin,  cur- 
rere,  [?],  3.  v.  n.,  run,  move 
quickly,  hasten,  &c.  —  Less  ex- 
actly and  fig.  of  everything  con- 
ceived as  moving,  sail,  /low,  pass, 
skim,  Jly,  run,  shoot,  glide  (of  a 


shooting-star)  :  stella  ;  tremor  ; 
purpura;  classis  iter  tutum 
{speed);  aequor  {skim). 

ciirrus,  -us,  [y'curr  (as  if  root  of 
curro)  +  us],  m.,  a  chariot,  Kir.  — 
Less  exactly,  a  team,  horses  :  nee 
audit  currus  habenas.  —  a  plough 
(with  wheels). 

cursus,  -us,  [  ^/curr  (as  if  root  of 
curro)  -ftus],  m.,  a  running, 
course,  march,  passage,  vovage, 
journey,  pursuit,  flight,  race  : 
hunc  modum  cursus  (mainru- 
•vres)  ;  transmitterecursum(<-row 
the  ferry).  —  Less  exactly,  gaitt 
walk,  mode  of  running  or  going  : 


Transferred,  direction,  way,  course 
(of  a  river),  course  (of  ships,  <.Vc.)  : 
torquet  medios  cursus  nox  {rolls 
in  the  middle  of  her  course). 

curvatus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  curvo. 

curvo,  -avi,  -sitiiin,  -are,  [tcur- 
VO-],  I  .  v.  a.,  bend,  bow,  bend  down, 
curve,  crook.  —  curvatus,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  bent,  arched, 
bowed,  curved. 

curvus,  -a,  -um,  [same  root  as  Gr. 
Kvpros  +  va],  adj.,  crooked,  bent, 
curved  :  aratrum  ;  arator  {stoop- 
ing) ;  falces  {hooked)  ;  flumina 
(winding). 

euspis,  -idis,  [?],  f.,  a  point:  acuta. 
—  Less  exactly,  a  trident,  a  spear, 
javelin,  lance. 

custortia,  -ae,  [stem  of  fcustod  + 
ia  (f.  of  -ius)],  f.,  watch,  guard, 
care,  charge.  —  Concretely,  a  guard 
orguardian.  —  f\\\r.,guards,guard 
or  watch. 

custodio,  -IvI  or  -li,  it  n  in.  -ire, 
[tcustodi-(as  if  stem  of  custos)  ], 
4.  v.  a.,  watch  over,  protect,  defend, 
guard.  —  Ksp.,  with  the  notion  of 
hindering  free  motion,  hold  back, 
//YAivrv,  keep,  guard,  shut  up, 
hold  in  custody,  hold  captive.  — 
With  clause  with  m;  guard,  watch. 

ciistodilus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  cus- 
todio. 

cii>tos,  -o<lis,  [?],  coinm.,  a  guard, 
watch,  preserver,  keeper,  overseer, 


Vocabulary. 


73 


protector.  —  Less  exactly,  herds- 
man, porter,  pilot,  overseer,  shep- 
herd, watchdog,  watchman,  spy, 
priest,  attendant  (of  a  boy). 

Cybebe  (-ele),  -es,  [Gr.  Ku#ft0rj], 
f.,  Cybele,  a  Phrygian  goddess  wor- 
shipped as  mother  of  the  gods. 
Her  worship  was  wild  and  orgias- 
tic, accompanied  by  drums  and 
cymbals.  Her  effigies  were  crowned 
with  towers,  and  her  car  drawn  by 
lions. 

Cybela,  -ae,  [Gr.  Kv#&i?],  f.,  a 
mountain  in  Phrygia. 

Cybele,  -es;  see  Cybebe. 

Cy bolus,  -i,  sometimes  read  for 
Cylx'la,  -ae. 

Cyelades,  -um,  [Gr.  KwcAaSes,  fr. 
KVK\OS,  circle],  f.  plur.,  a  group  of 
islands  around  Delos  in  the  /Egean. 

Cyclopeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Kt/jcAo>- 
•n-fios],  adj.,  of  the  Cyclopes  :  saxa. 

Cyclops,  -opis,  [Gr.  Ku/cA.&nJ/],  m., 
ct  Cvclops,  fabled  giants  with  one 
eye  in  the  middle  of  the  forehead. 
They  served  as  the  workmen  of 
Vulcan. 

eycnus,  -I,  [Gr.  KVKPOS],  m.,  a  swan. 

Cycinis,  -i,  [same  word  as  preced.], 
m.,  a  king  of  the  Ligurians, 
changed  to  a  swan. 

Cydippe,  -es,  [Gr.  KuSnnrrj],  f.,  a 
nereid. 

Cydon,  -onis,  m.,  a  Latin. 

Cydon,  -onis,  [Gr.  KvScav],  adj.  m., 
a  Cydonian,  a  native  of  Cydonia, 
a  town  of  Crete,  put  generally  for 
Cretan. 

Cydonius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  KvUwvios] , 
adj.,  a  Cydonian;  see  Cydon. 

C.vsiius, -i ;  see  Cyciius.    • 

cyliiidrus,  -I,  [Gr.  i<6\iv8pos~\ ,  m., 
a  roller,  a  stone  (for  rolling). 

Cyllarus,  -I,  [Gr.  KuAAapos],  m., 
the  horse  of  Pollux. 

Cyllene,  -es  (-ae),  [Gr.  KI/AA^TJ], 
f.,  a  mountain  of  Arcadia,  the  birth- 
place of  Mercury. 

Cyllenius,  -a,  -um,    [Gr.    Kv\\ri- 


PJOS],  adj.,  of  Cyllene.  —  Masc., 
Mercury.  —  Less  exactly,  of  Mer- 
cury :  ignis  (the  planet  Mer- 
cury). 

cymba,  -ae,  [Gr.  Ku/i/h;] ,  f.,  a  boat, 
a  skiff,  a  bark. 

cymbalum,  -I,  [Gr.  Ku/x^oAoj/] ,  n., 
a  cymbal. 

cymbium,  -i  (-11),  [Gr.  K\>H&IOV~\, 
n.,  a  cup,  a  bowl  (in  form  of  a 
boat,  cf.  cymba). 

Cymodoce,  -es,  [Gr.  Ku/ioSo'/o)],  f., 
a  sea-nymph. 

Cymodot-ea,  -ae,  [adj.  fr.  the  pre- 
ced.], f.,  a  sea-nymph. 

Cymothoe,  -es,  [Gr.  Kfyuofloij],  f., 
a  sea-nymph. 

Cyiiiphius,  -a,  -um;  see  Ciny- 
phius. 

Cynthius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Kwflios], 
adj.,  of  Cynthiis.  —  Masc.,  Apollo, 
Lord  of  Cynthiis. 

Cynthus,  -i,  [Gr.  Kw0os],  m.,  a 
mountain  in  Delos,  the  birthplace 
and  favorite  haunt  of  Apollo. 

cyparissus,  -I,  [Gr.  Kvirdpiao-os'],  f., 
the  cypress  (an  evergreen  tree  used 
at  funerals,  and  planted  by  tombs) . 

Cyprus,  -i,  [Gr.  Kurrpos],  f.,  an 
island  in  the  Mediterranean. 

Cyrene,  -es,  [Gr.  Kyp^i/Tj],  f.,  the 
mother  of  Aristaeus. 

Cyrneus  (-iiaeus),  -a,  -um,  [Gr. 
tKupj/eios],  adj.,  of  Corsica  (an- 
ciently called  Cyrnus},  Corsican. 

Cythera,  -orum,  [Gr.  Ku0Tjpo], 
n.  plur.,  the  island  south  of  Laco- 
nia  (now  Cerigo),  where  Venus 
was  fabled  to  have  landed  from  the 
sea. 

Cythereus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  fKi/077- 
peios],  adj.,  of  Cythera.  —  Fern., 
the  goddess  of  Cythera,  Venus. 
c-ytisus,  -i,  [Gr.  KVTHTOS],  comm., 
clover  (of  a  special  kind,  perhaps 
iiiedicago  arbor ea) . 

Cy torus,  -i,  [Gr.  Kurc»poj],  m.,  a 
mountain  in  Paphlagonia,  famous 
for  its  boxwood. 


74 


Vocabulary. 


D. 


Dacus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Aa/co's),  adj., 
Dacian,  of  the  Dad  (a  warlike 
people  on  the  northern  bank  of 
the  Danube). —  Masc.  plur.,  the 
Dacians  (the  people  themselves). 

Daedalus,  -I,  [Gr.  Aai'SaAos],  m.,  a 
famous  artisan  of  Athens  who  built 
the  labyrinth,  and  escaping  from 
Crete  on  artificial  wings,  landed  at 
Cumne  (see  next  word). 

d;i cdal us,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Sai'SaAos], 
adj.,  skilful,  cunning.  —  Trans- 
ferred, cunningly  wrought,  artis- 
tic :  tecta. 

Dahiie,  -arum,  [Gr.  Aaai],m.  plur., 
a  Scythian  tribe  east  of  the  Caspian 
Sea,  on  the  Oxus,  in  the  modern 
Daghestan. 

dama,  see  damma. 

dam  ma,  -ae,  [perhaps  akin  to  Scfyia- 
Aos],  f.  (rarely  m.),  a  deer. 

dam  naf  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p. of  damno. 

da  MI  no,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fdam- 
no-J,  I.  v.  &., (fine), sentence, judge, 
condemn.  —  Less  exactly,  bind, 
oblige :  votis  (bind  by  vows,  by 
granting  prayers)  ;  quern  damnet 
labor  (whom  the  toil  of  ivar  shall 
condemn  to  death}. 

Damoetas,  -ae,  m.,  a  shepherd. 

Damon,  -onis,  [Gr.  Aciyua>j/],  m.,  a 
goatherd. 

Danae,  -es,  [Gr.  AOVOTJ],  f.,  a 
daughter  of  Acrisius,  king  of  Ar- 
gos,  beloved  by  Jupiter  and  sent 
adrift  in  a  boat.  Virgil  interprets 
the  story  differently  (see  /En.  vii. 
410). 

Da  nans,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Aavoos],  adj., 
of  Danaus,  a  mythic  king  of  Egypt 
who  settled  in  Argos,  father  of  the 
Danaidoe,  and  king  of  Argos.  — 
Less  exactly,  Grecian.  —  Masc. 
plur.,  the  Gj-eeks. 

Daphnis,  -idis,  [Gr.  Adpvis],m.,  a 
mythical  Sicilian  shepherd,  the  in- 
ventor of  bucolic  poetry. 

fdaps,  (lapis,  [akin  to  Sonrai/Tj],  f.,  a 
feast,  a  banquet. 


Dardanides,  -ae,  [Gr.  AapSaviSris, 
patronymic  of  Dardanus],  m., 
son  of  Dardanus.  —  Esp.,  sEneus, 
descended  from  him.  —  Plur.,  the 
Trojans. 

Dardaiiis,  -idis,  [Gr.  Aapoavis,  cf. 
preceding],  f.,  daughter  of  Dar- 
danus. —  Esp.,  the  Trojan  women. 

Dardaiiius,  -a,  -um,  [(Jr.  AapSci- 
»/ios],adj.,  (of  Dardanus),  of  Troy, 
Trojan.  —  Yem.,tAe  Trojan  land, 
Troy. 

Dardanus,  -I,  [Gr.  AopScwos],  m., 
son  of  Jupiter  and  Electra,  founder 
of  the  house  of  Priam  and  .Kncas. 

Dardanus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Adpoa- 
POS],  adj.,  of  Dardanus,  sun  <>f 
Jupiter  and  Electra,  father  of  Tros, 
and  founder  of  the  race  of  Priam 
and  /Eneas,  Dardanian.  —  Less 
exactly,  Trojan. —  Masc.  plur.,  the 
Trojans. 

Dares,  etis,  [Gr.  AapTjs],  m. :  I.  A 
Trojan  boxer  ;  2.  A  Trojan  war- 
rior. 

dator,  -oris,  [-^/da  +  tor],  in.,  a 
giver. 

datus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  do. 

Dancius,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  of 
Dancns,  a  noble  of  the  Rutuli, 
Riiluliaii. 

Dannins,  -a,  -um,  [fDauno-  (re- 
duced) +  ius],  adj.,  of  Dauiuts, 
Diiunian. 

Dan ii us,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  mythical  king 
of  Apulia. 

de  [unc.  case  from  pron.  -y/da,  cf. 
deterior,  dcmiim],  ]>rep.  witli 
abl.,  (doivn,  cf.  compounds),  from, 
awav  from,  down  from,  out  of : 
pendere  de  rupe.  —  Of  part  from 
a  whole,  from,  of,  out  of.  —  Of 
cause,  origin,  and  material,  from, 
of:  suo  de  nomine  (after) ;  de 
te  suscepta  (begot  by).  —  Eig.  (cf. 
Eng.  of-,  off),  of,  in  regard  to, 
about,  concerning,  respecting,  as 
to :  de  vita  ceriant  (for  life)  ; 
de  te  merui  (of  you) ;  cui  tantum 


Vocabulary. 


75 


de  te  licuit  {upon,  of  an  outrage). 

—  Of  quasi  origin,  in  accordance 
with,  by  :  de  more. 

«lea,  -ae,  [of.  deus],  f.,  a  goddess. 

(It'Ix'llator,  -oris,  [de-bellator,  of. 
debello],  m.,  a  conqueror,  a  sub- 
duo-. 

debellU,  -avi,  -jltuin,  -are,  [de- 
bello], I.  v.  a.,  subdue,  vanquish, 
crush,  i/iie/l. 

debeo,  -bui,  -bituin,  -bere,  [de- 
habeo],  2.  v.  a.,  {keep  away),  owe. 

—  Pass.,    be   due,   be   destined,    be 
appointed.  —  debitus,    -a,    -11111, 
p.p.    as    adj.,    due,   des titled,    ap- 
pointed. 

debilis,  -e,  [de-habilis] ,  adj.,  {un- 
handy*), weak,  maimed,  powerless, 
crippled. 

debilito,  -avi,  -atiiin,  -are,  [fde- 
bilito-,  fr.  debilis],  i.v.a.  weaken, 
enfeeble. 

debitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  debeo. 

decedo,  -cessi,  -cessum,  -cedere, 
[de-cedo],  3.  v.  n.,  withdraw,  re- 
tire, give  way  to,  set  (of  heavenly 
bodies);  nocti  {retire  before}. — 
decedeiis,  eutis,  p.  as  adj.,  de- 
clining, setting:  die  decedent! 
{declining). 

dccciii  [cf.  StKa,  petrified  case-form], 
indecl.  num.  adj.,  ten. 

df-ri'ptiis,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  decipio. 

decenio,  -crevi,  -cretum,  -cer- 
iK-rc,  [de-cerno],  3.  v.  a.  and  n., 
decide  (cf.  eenio),  determine.  — 
With  inf.,  resolve,  determine.  — 
Ksp.  in  a  contest,  contend,  fight. 

decerpo,  -cerpsi,  -cerptum,  -cer- 
pere,  [de-carpo],  3.  v.  a.,  pluck 
off. 

decet,  decuit,  no  sup.,  decere, 
[-^dec,  akin  to  dignus,  doceo, 
SctKft/jut],  2.  v.  a.  and  n.,  only  third 
person,  befit,  behoove,  be  fitting,  be 
proper.  —  Past  tenses,  ought. 

deeido,  -oidi,  no  sup.,  -cidere, 
[de-cado],  3.  v.  n.,fall  down,  fall. 

deeido,  -cidi,  -cisuui,  -cidere, 
[de-caedo],  3.  v.  a.,  cut  off,  lop. 

decipio,  -oepi,  -ccptuin,  -cip«'ro, 
[de-capio],  3.  v.  a.,  deceive,  betray. 


decisus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  deeido. 

Dccius,  -I  (-il),  [prop.  adj.  ?],  m., 
a  Roman  gentile  name.  —  Esp., 
two  distinguished  Romans,  P. 
Decius  Mus,  who  devoted  them- 
selves to  death  in  battle  for  their 
country,  one  at  Veseris,  the  other 
at  Sentinum. 

declaro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [de- 
claro],  i.v.  a.,  make  plain,  mani- 
fest.—  Esp.  by  word  of  mouth, 
pronounce,  proclaim,  announce, 
declare :  Cloanthum  victorem. 

deelino,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [de- 
clino],  I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  bend  down, 
turn  off.  —  Esp.  of  the  eyelids, 
/inner,  close  :  lumina  somno. 

decolor,  -oris,  [de-color,  as  adj.], 
adj.,  {wit/i  its  color  off),  discolored, 
dimmed:  aetas  {less  lustrous, 
changed  horn  golden  to  bronze). 

decoquo,  -coxi,  -coctum,  -co- 
quere,  [de-coquo],  3.  v.  a.,  boil 
down,  boil  away. 

decor,  -oris,  [V^ec  (cf.  decet)  + 
or],  m.,  beauty,  comeliness,  grace. 

decoro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fde- 
coro-],  I.  v.  a.,  make  beautiful, 
adorn,  embellish.  —  Eig.,  honor  : 
me  sepulcro. 

decorus,  -a,  -um,  [perh.  fdecor  + 
us,  more  likely  lost  stem  fdeco 
(cf.  decet)  +  rus,  cf.  avarus, 
severus,  maturus,  and  colo- 
iius,  aegrotus,  velox,  custos, 
-odis],  adj.,  decorated,  adorned, 
beautiful,  comely,  lovely,  brilliant. 

decumus  (deci-),  -a,  -um,  [decem 
(reduced  or  perhaps  orig.  stem)  + 
mus,  cf.  infimus],  adj.,  tenth. 

decurro,  -curri  (-cucurri),  -cur- 
sum, -ere,  [de-curro],  3.  \.n.,run 
down.  —  Less  exactly,  of  any  rapid 
motion,  sail,  fly,  rush,  march  down 
or  over,  speed  along :  circum  ro- 
gos  {dance  around,  of  an  armed 
dance).  —  Eig.,  run  over,  pass 
through,  finish  :  laborem  incep- 
tum. 

dccursiis,  -us,  [de-cursus],  m.,  a 
running  down,  course,  descent. 

dec  us,    -oris,    [-y/dec  +  us],    n., 


Vocabulary. 


beauty,  comeliness,  grace.  —  Con- 
cretely, ornament,  adornment.  — 
Fig.,  honor,  glory,  fame.  —  Of  per- 
sons concretely,  glory,  pride  : 
decus  i  nostrum. 

decutio,  -cussi,  -cussum,  -cu- 
tere,  [de-quatio],  3.  v.  a.,  shake 
off,  knock  off :  mella  foliis. 

dedecus,  -oris,  [de-decus],  n.,  dis- 
grace, dishonor,  shame. 

dedigiior,  -at  us,  -Sri,  [de-dignor] , 
I.  v.  dep.,  disdain,  scorn. 

dedo,  -didi,  -ditum,  -dere,  [de- 
do],  3.  v.  a.,  {give  off  or  away}, 
give  up,  resign,  yield  up. 

dedut-o,  -duxl,  -ductiim,  -du- 
cere,  [de-duco],  3.  v.  a.,  lead 
doivn,  draw  down,  drag  away, 
draw  off,  drain. —  Less  exactly, 
lead,  conduct,  (of  a  triumph,  lead 
in  triumph),  (esp.  of  a  colony, 
plant) .  —  Esp.  of  ships,  launch-. — 
deduct  us,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  as  adj., 
{drawn  out),  slender,  fine  spun  : 
carmen  (cf.  tennis). 

dedactus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  deduco. 

deerro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [de- 
erro], I.  v.  n.,  wander  away. 

defecttis,  -us,  [de-factus,  as  if 
defic  -f  tus],  m.,  (failure),  eclipse. 

defendo,  -di,  -sum,  -dcre,  [de- 
ffendo,  strike"},  3.  v.  a.,  (strike 
down),  ward  off,  keep  off,  avert : 
hunc  furorem  (defend  me  from). 
—  With  change  of  point  of  view, 
defend  from,  guard,  protect: 
aprum  palus  (harbor}. 

defensor,  -oris,  [de-ffensor,  cf. 
defendo],  m.,  a  defender,  a  pro- 
tector, a  champion. 

defensus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  de- 
fendo. 

defero,  -tull,  -latum,  -ferre,  [de- 
fero],  irr.  v.  a.,  carry  down,  bring 
down.  —  Esp.  from  sea  to  land, 
bear,  drive,  land  in,  convey.  — 
Less  exactly,  deliver,  bear  to,  re- 
port, announce. —  In  pass.,  throw 
one's  self  down. 

defessus,  -a,  -um,  [de-fessus], 
adj.,  tired  out,  worn  out,  fatigued. 

deficit),   -feci,   -fectum,  -licere, 


(pass,  defit),  [de-facio],  irr.  v.  a. 
and  n.  (make  off,  cf.  proficiscor  , 
give  out,  fail,  be  wanting  to,  cease  : 
lac  mihi  defit  (fail  me}  ;  glan- 
des  sylvae  (the  woods  lack-acorns); 

•*  navis  (sink,  in  the  sea) ;  qua  de- 
ficit ignis  (what  the  fire  spares)  ; 
ultimus  ignis  (is  dying  out). — 
Esp.  of  persons,  faint,  fail,  sink, 
be  exhausted  :  luctu  Latinus ; 
dubiis  ne  defice  rebus.  —  With 
ace. .deficit  noctes umor(///f  night 
lacks  moisture). 

defigo,  -fixi,  -flxum,  -fiacre, 
[de-figo],  3.  v.  a.,  fasten  down, 
plant  in :  hastae  defixae  (stuck 
in  the  ground) ;  defixa  aratra 
(standing  in  the  furrow). —  Fig., 
fix,  fasten,  cast  down  :  defixus 
lumina  (with  eyes  fixed, 
defixi  ora  tenebant  (held  their 
eyes^  cast  down). 

def  io,  see  deficio. 

defixus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  deli<*<>. 

dellccto,  -flexi,  -flexuni,  -Ilcc- 
tere,  [de-flecto],  3.  v.  a.,  turn 
aside. 

defleo,  -evi,  -etum,  -ere,[de-fleo], 
2.  v.  a.,  weep  for,  mourn  for  : 
membra;  haec  (mourn  thus). 

defletus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  dcllcu. 

defluo,  -fluxi,  -II ii \u in,  -ilnci-c, 
[de-fluo],  3.  v.  n.,_/f<w  (/ore//,  float 
down,  sail  down.  —  Less  exactly, 
of  things  not  liquid,  glide 
fall,  drop,  slide  :  cohors  ad  ter- 
ram  equis  relictis;  vestis  ad 
imos  pedes. 

defodio,  -f  odi,  -fossum,  -fodcrc, 
[de-fodio],  3.  v.  a.,  dig  down,  dig. 
—  Of  effect,  bury,  conceal. 

deformis,  -e,  [de-forma  (weak- 
ened) decl.  as  adj.],  adj.,  deformed 
(cf.  decolor),  unsightly. 

deformo,  -avi,  -atuin,  -are,  [fde- 
formi-,  as  if  fdeformo-],  i.  v.  a., 
disfigure,  deform  :  domum  (spoil, 
by  killing  a  member). 

defossus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  defodio. 

defringo,  -fregi,  -fractum,  -friii- 
gore,  [de-frango],  3.  v.  a.,  break 
off. 


Vocabulary. 


77 


defrutum,  -I,  [?],  n.,  must  (boiled 

down). 
defunctus,  -a,  -um,   p.p.  of  de- 

fungor. 

defuiigor,  -functus,  -fungi,  [de-^ 
fungor],  3.  v.  dep.,  {perform  to 
the  end),  finish,  complete,  have 
done  with,  pass  through :  vita ; 
periclis. 

degener,  -eris,  [de-genus  (r  for  s), 
cf.  decolor],  adj.,  degenerate. — 
Less  exactly,  of  low  birth,  ignoble. 

degenero,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [de- 
gener],  I.  v.  n.,  degenerate,  dete- 
riorate. 

dego,  degf,  no  sup.,  degere,  [de- 
ago],  3.  v.  a,,  spend,  lead,  pass  : 
vitani; 

degusto  (perh.  u),  -avl,  -atum, 
-are,  [de-gusto],  I.  v.  a.,  (take 
off  to  taste) ,  taste.  —  Fig.,  of  a 
weapon,  graze. 

dehine  [de-hinc,  cf.  deinde],  adv., 
from  hence  (of  place  or  time), 
hence.  —  Less  exactly,  cf.  deinde, 
next,  hereupon,  then. 

dehisoo,  -hlvi,  no  sup.,  -hlscere, 
[de-hlsco],  3.  v.  n.,  yawn,  gape  : 
terrae  (crack). 

deicio  (deii-),  -ieci,  -iectuni, 
-ioere,  [de-iacio],  3.  v.  a.,  throw 
down,  cast  down,  hurl  down,  drive 
down.  —  Esp.  of  death,  lay  low, 
strike  down,  bring  down,  kill,  slay. 
— •  Technically,  of  forces,  dislodge, 
drive  away  (also  of  a  serpent) .  — 
Fig.,  cast  down:  voltum. — de- 
lectus, -a,  -uin,  p.p.,  dejected, 
dismayed.  —  Also,  deprived  of, 
stricken  off :  deiecto  voltu  (with 
eyes  downcast)  ;  sors  (thrown  into 
a  helmet). 

deicctus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  deicio. 

deiicio,  seel^etter  spelling  deicio. 

dcin,  see  deinde. 

deinde,  dein,  [de-inde,  cf.  de- 
hinc],  adv.,  from  thence,  from 
here,  thence,  /lence.—Qftime,  from 
this  or  that  time  rut,  thereafter, 
hereafter.  —  Less  exactly,  then, 
thereupon,  ne.\t  in  succession  : 
nunc  deinde  {now  after  this) ; 


nunquam    deinde    (never    here- 
after). 
Deiopeia,  -ae,  [Gr.  fATjiOTrrji'a],  f . : 

1.  A  nymph  of  Juno;   2.  A  nymph 
of  Cyrene. 

Deiphobe,  -es,  [Gr.  Arji^o'/Sij],  f., 
a  priestess  of  Apollo,  daughter  of 
Glaucus. 

Deiphobus,  -I,  [Gr.  ATJI'^O/JOS],  m., 
a  son  of  Priam. 

delabor,  -lapsus,  -labi,  [de-la- 
bor], 3.  v.  dep.,  glide  dcnvn,  fall 
down.  —  Less  exactly,  fall  into  or 
upon  :  medios  in  hostes. 

delapsus,-a,  -um,  p.p.  of  delabor. 

delatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  defero. 

delectus,  -us,  [de-lectus],  m.,  a 
choice,  a  selection. 

delectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  deligo. 

deleo,  -evi,  -etum,  -ere,  [de-flee, 
akin  to  letum  and  perhaps  lino], 

2.  v.  a.,  blot  out,  obliterate.  —  Fig., 
or  more  extended  meaning,  destroy, 
annihilate. 

deletus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  deleo. 

Delia,  see  Delius. 

delibo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [de- 
libo],  i.  v.  a.,  taste  :  oscula  (kiss 
the  lips) . 

deliciae,  -arum,  [de-flicius,  akin 
to  lacio  and  perhaps  liciuiu, 
sublica],  f.  plur.,  delight,  pleas- 
ure.—  Concretely  (cf.  amor),  de- 
light, pet. 

deligo1,  -legi,  -lectum,  -ligere, 
[de-lego],  3.  v.  a.,  pick  out,  choose, 
select :  jielecta  iuventus. 

delitesco,  -litui,  no  sup.,  -lites- 
cere,  [de-latesco],  3.  v.  inch., 
hide  away,  lie  hid,  lurk,  skulk. 

Delius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  ArjAios,  adj. 
of  AT)A.OS],  adj.,  of  Delos,  Delian  : 
Apollo  (so  called  from  his  birth- 
place).—  Fern.,  a  name  of  Diana, 
Diana. 

Delos,  -i,  [Gr.  ATJAOS],  f.,  an  island 
in  the  /Egean,  famed  as  the  birth- 
place of  Apollo  and  Diana. 

•  Id  pin  n,  -inis,  (delphinus,  -I), 
[Gr.  5eA<£t'i/],  m.,  a  dolphin. 

delubrum,  -I,  [de-flubrum  (cf. 
luo),  as  if  fdelu  + brum],  n., 


Vocabulary. 


{place  of  cleansing),  a  temple,  a 
shrine. 

cleludo,  -lusi,  -lusum,  -Ifidere, 
[de-ludo],  3.  v.  a.,  mock,  deceive, 
delude,  cheat:  somnia  sensus; 
animum  Apollo. 

demens,  -entis,  [de-mens],  adj., 
(with  the  mind  away,  cf.  amens), 
mad,  insane,  crazy  (less  violent 
than  amens),  -wild.  —  Less  exact- 
ly, foolish,  infatuated. 

dementia,  -ae,  [tdement  +  ia],  f., 
madness,  insanity,  frenzy. —  Less 
exactly,  folly,  infatuation. 

demerge,  -rsi,  -rsum,  -rgcre, 
[de-mergo],  3.  v.  a.,  sink,  plunge. 
—  demersus,  -a,  -um,  p.p., 
sunken,  submerged :  rostra. 

demersus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  de- 
mergo. 

demessus,  -a,-um,  p.p.  of  demeto. 

demeto,  -mcssul,  -messum,  -me- 
tere,  [de-meto],  3.  v.  a.,  mow 
down.  —  Less  exactly,  pluck  off, 
pluck. 

demissus, -a, -um,  p.p.  of  demitto. 

demitto,  -misi,  -missum,  -mlt- 
tere,  [de-mitto],  3.  v.  a.,  send 
down,  let  down,  let  fall :  multos 
Oreo  {despatch} ;  morti  corpora 
(consign)  ;  imbrem  caelo  (drop) ; 
funem.  —  Less  exactly,  lower, 
thrmt)  out,  cause  to  flow,  sink,  cast 
down,  hang  down,  suspend,  let  fall, 
droop  :  ubera  vaccae  (bear  hang- 
ing) ;  bracchia  scopuli ;  iugulis 
cruorem  (drain)  ;  demittitur 
caelo  nova  progenies  (descend') ; 
puteum  in  solido;  mentes  (lose 
courage) ;  demissa  ex  umeris 
laena  (hanging)  ;  iugum  clivo 
(descend in  a  slope)  ;  uvamramis; 
demissa  pectoribus  monilia ; 
demissa  voltum  (with  downcast 
face) ;  dicta  in  aures  (receive) ; 
demissae  aures  (laid  back). — 
demissus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
downcast,  low,  sul'dned,  <h \ >,>pin <;•.• 
vox  ;  lumen  ;  nomen  Iulo(<Av/r.<« 
from);  ab  love  gens  (sprung). 

demo,  deinpsi,  demptuin,  <!«•- 
mere,  [de-emoj,  3.  v.  a.,  take 


away  (cf.  emo),  take  off.  —  Fig., 
remove,  dispel :  curas. 

Deinodocus,  -i,  [Gr.  Arj/joStfo-os], 
m.,  a  Trojan. 

Demoleus,  -i,  [Gr.  &r)fj.6\fos'],  m., 
a  Greek. 

Demophoon,  -ontis,  [Gr.  AT/^I 
fyowv],  m.,  a  Trojan. 

demoror,  -atus,  -ari,  [de-moror], 
I.  v.  dep.,  delay,  detain,  finger 
out ;  —  await,  expect. 

demum  [de  +  mum  (n.  of  -mus), 
superl.  of  de  (cf.  imiis,  siiiims)], 
adv.,  (lowest),  at  last,  at  length, 
finally.  —  Esp.  with  implied  nega- 
tion, at  last  (and  not  before),  not 
till,  only  :  ilia  seges  demum  re- 
spondet;  turn  demum  (not  till 
theri). 

deni,  -ae,  -a,  [decem  (reduced)  + 
nus,  cf.  nonus],  distr.  num.  adj., 
ten  each,  ten  (apiece).  —  Less  ex- 
actly (regular  with  numeral  ad- 
verbs), ten :  bis  deni. 

denique  [fdeno  (de  +  nus,  cf.  de- 
mum)  +  que(case-formofquis)], 
a.<\v., (lowest,  cf.  demum),  finally, 
at  length,  at  last.  —  Like  dcmiim, 
not  till,  only. 

dens,  dentis,  [?,  cf.  Gr.  o5ow],  m., 
a  tooth.  —  Of  things  of  similar 
shape,  as  in  English,  a  sickle,  a 
jinke  (of  an  anchor),  prong  (of  a 
hoe),  point  (of  a  ploughshare) : 
curvo  Saturni  dente  ;  dente  un- 
co (recluditur  terra). 

densco,  no  pcrf.,  -etum,  -ere  ;  see 
denso. 

denso,  -avl,  -at  um,  -are,  [fden- 
so-],  I.  v.  a.  (also  2.),  thicken, 
make  close  or  frequent :  agmina 
(close  up  the  ranks) ;  hastilia 
(rcdotMi',  hurl  thick  and  fast). — 
Pass.,  clt>se  up,  stand  thick, 
together,  tliickcn,  close  in  :  agmi- 
na; tenebrae. 

drnsiis,  -a,  -um,  [?,  p.p.  of  lust 
verb],  adj.,  thick,  dense,  close, 
crowded:  fagi ;  iuba;  testudo 
(serried )  ;  caligo ;  grando ;  tec- 
t'i  ferarum;  imber  {heavy). — 
Less  exactly,  of  inure  numbers,  or 


Vocabulary. 


79 


repetition  in  time,  numerous,  re- 
pealed, frequent,  numberless  :  SU- 
boles  ;  Austri  fremitus  (inces- 
sant); ictus. 

dentale,  -is,  [tdent  -f  alis,  n.  of 
adj.],  n.  (reg.  plur.),  a  share  beam 
(part  of  a  plough). 

denuncio,  see  denuntio. 

demmtio,  -avi,  -fit  inn,  -arc,  [de- 
nuntio], I.  v.  a.,  announce  (offi- 
cially, cf.  defero),  declare,  threat- 
en :  iras ;  pluviam  (portend"). 

depasco,  -pavi,  -pastuin,  -pas- 
cere,  ( also  pass.  dep. ) ,  [de-pasco] , 
3.  v.  a.,  feed  down,  crop,  graze,  feed 
upon  :  summa  Lycaei.  —  Also  of 
the  shepherd :  luxuriem  segetum 
(by  turning  in  cattle).  —  Less  ex- 
actly, of  other  things  than  cattle, 
feed  on,  consume,  tear,  devour, 
waste :  artus  morsu  (of  a  ser- 
pent) ;  depasta  altaria  (with  the 
offering  consumed  ) ;  saepes  de- 
pasta  florem  apibus;  artus  fe- 
bris. 

depastus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  depasco. 

df'pccto,  no  perf.,  -pexum,  -pec- 
tere,  [de-pecto],  3.  v.  a'.,  comb 
off,  comb  down :  vellera  foliis. 

depello,  -pull,  -pulsuiii,  -pellere, 
[de-pello],  3.  v.  a.,  drive  off,  drive 
down,  drive  away:  fetus  ovium 
(to  the  town  for  sale).  —  With  or 
without  a  determining  word,  wean  : 
agni  a  lacte  depulsi  ;  ab  ubere 
matris ;  depulsi  haedi.  —  Fig., 
repel,  save  from  (changing  the 
point  of  view)  ;  ratibus  taedas  ; 
peefaai  (avert). 

depended,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -pen- 
dere,  [de-pendeo],  2.  v.  n.,  hang 
down,  hang  from,  hang  on  :  lych- 
ni  laquearibus ;  ex  umeris  amic- 
tus. 

depono,  -posui,  -posituin,  -po- 
nerc,  [de-pono],  3.  v.  a.,  put 
down,  lay  aside,  lay  down  .  arma 
umeris ;  corpora  sub  ramis ; 
plantas  sulcis  (plant)  ;  hie  hae- 
dos.  —  Esp.  of  a  wager,  put  down, 
put  up, stake  (cf.  "  lay  a  wager")  ; 
bane  vitulam.  — Of  the  dead,  lav 


out:  depositus  par  ens  (doomed 
to  die).  —  With  idea  of  abandon- 
ment or  relief,  lay  aside,  get  rid 
of,  put  off,  abandon  :  curam ;  de- 
posita  ibrmldo ;  animos  ;  popu- 
lum  (leave  behind,  of  a  colony) . 

depositus, -a, -inn,  p.p.  of  depono. 

deprecor,  -atus,  -ari,[de-precor], 
I .  v.  dep.,  pray  off  (cf.  "  beg  off")  : 
merui  nee  deprecor  (pray  not  to 
escape  my  fate), 

deprehendo  (-prendo),  -prehen- 
di,  -prehensum  (-prensum), 
-preliendere,  [de-prehendo],  3. 
v.  a.,  overtake,  catch,  seize :  fla- 
mina  deprensa  silvis.  —  Fig.,  of 
danger  or  time :  deprensi  nautae 
(by  a  storm) ;  deprensus  mari 
(by  a  returning  anniversary). 

deprensus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  de- 
prehendo. 

depressus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  de- 
prim  Oj 

deprimo,-pressi,-pressum,  -pri- 
mere,  [de-primo],  3.  v.  a.,  press 
dcnun.  — depressus,  -a,  -um,  p.p. 
as  adj.,  sunken,  low,  deep-set :  con- 
valles;  aratrum. 

depromo,-prompsl,  -proniptum, 
-promere,  [de-promo],  3.  v.  a., 
serve  out  (cf.  promo),  draw  out 
(for  use)  :  tela  pharetris. 

depulsus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  depello. 

Dercennus,  -i,  [?],  in.,  an  ancient 
Latin  king. 

derigesco,  -rigui,  no  sup.,  -riges- 
cere,  [de-rigesco] ,  3.  v.  n.,  be- 
come stiff,  become  set:  oculi  (be 
fucfit'm  a  frightened  stare);  san- 
guis  (freeze). 

deripio,  -ripiil,  -reptum,  -ripcre, 
[de-rapio],  3.  v.  a.,  snatch  off, 
snatch  down,  tear  away,  tsar  off : 
cola  tectis  (fetch  quickly)  ;  m- 
nem ;  derepti  cothurni. 

df'survio,  -ii,  no  sup.,  -Ire,  [de- 
saevio],  4.  v.  n.,  rage  off  w  away, 
spend  one's  rage  :  pelago  hiems. 

dcscendo,  -scendi,  -scensum, 
-scendere,  [de-scando],  3.  v.  n., 
climb  down,  come  down,  go  down, 


8o 


Vocabulary. 


descend,  fall :  orni ;  lupiter  im- 
bri.  —  Less  exactly,  sink  in,  pen- 
etrate :  toto  corpore  pestis.  — 
Esp.,  lower  one's  self,  descend  to, 
give  way  to  :  preces  in  omnes. 

desceiisus,  -us,  [as  if  de-fscansus, 
cf.  descenclo],  m.,  a  going  down, 
a  descent. 

describe,  -scrips!,  -scriptum, 
-scrlberc,  [de-scribo],  3.  v.  a., 
mark  off,  write  off,  write  down, 
draw,  map  out,  portray  :  in  cor- 
tice  carmina  (carve);  orbem 
radio. 

deseco,  -secui,  -scctum,  -secare, 
[de-seco],  i.  v.  a.,  cut  off,  sever  : 
collum. 

desectus,  -a,  -nm,  p.p.  of  deseco. 

descro,  -serul,  -sertum,  -serere, 
[de-sero],  3.  v.  a.,  (as  if  "unjoin," 
cf.  detego,  uncover},  forsake, 
leave,  abandon,  quit,  depart  from  : 
ne  umor  deserat  arenam  (the 
sand  lose  its  moisture] ;  thalamos 
pactos  ;  Hesperus  Detain  (leaves 
below) ;  ardentem  ensis  (fails 
him);  litora naves.  — desertus, 
-a,  -mil,  p.p.  as  adj.,  abandoned, 
deserted,  desolate,  lonely,  desert.' 
culmina ;  terrae.  —  Neut.  plur., 
solitudes,  wilderness,  desert. 

deserter,  -oris,  [as  if  de-sertor, 
cf.  desero],  m.,  deserter,  renegade. 

desidia,  -ae,  [fdesid  +  ia],  f.,  in- 
activity, idleness,  sloth. 

desido,  -sedi,  3.  v.  n.,  sink  down. 

designo,  -avi,  -ilium,  -arc,  [de- 
signo],  i.  v.  a.,  mark  off,  mark 
out  .•_  urbem  aratro. 

desilio,  -silui,  -sultmn,  -silire, 
[de-salio],  4.  v.  n.,  leap  down, 
jump  down  :  ab  equo  (spring). 

desino,  -sivl  (-sii),  -situin,  -si- 
iiere,  [de-sino],  3.  v.  a.  and  n. 
Act., leave  off,  cease,  forbear :  plura 
{forbear  to  say  more),— Neat., 
stop,  close,  end,  cease :  aetas ;  al- 
vus  in  Pristin  (end  in). 

desisto,  -stiti,  -stituin,  -sistcro, 
[de-sisto],  3.  v.  n.,  (stand  off), 
leave,  off,  cease,  forbear,  desist: 
incepto ;  manum  committere. 


desolatus,  -a,  -nm,  p.p.  of  dosolo. 

desolo,  -avi,  -atiun,  -are,  [de- 
solo],  I.  v.  a.,  forsake,  abandon, 
desert :  desolati  manipli.  —  In  a 
different  sense  of  the  primitive, 
lay  waste,  ravage  ;  agros. 

despecto,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -are, 
[de-specto],  i.  v.  a.,  look  down 
upon. —  Fig.,co»imand(b{  a  view). 

despectus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  de- 
spiciq. 

despicio,  -spexi,  -spectum,  spi- 
cere,  [de-fspecio],  3.  v.  a.,  look 
down  on  :  terras  lupiter.  —  Fig., 
as  in  English,  despise,  slight,  disre- 
gard, scorn. 

despumo,  -avi,  -at  um,  -are,  [de- 
spuma,  perh.  through  an  adj.- 
stem],  I.  v.  a.,  skim  off. 

destillo,  -avi,  -atuni,  -are,  [de- 
stillo],  i.  v.  n.,  drip  down,  trickle, 
ooze. 

destine,  -avi,  -atuin,  -are,  [de- 
stano,  cf.  dano],  r.  v.  a.,  set 
fast.  —  Fig.,  establish,  design,  des- 
tine :  me  arae. 

destituo,  -ui,  -utum,  -uere,  [de- 
statuo],  3.  v.  a.,  (set  off),  leave, 
forsake,  abandon. 

destruo,  -uxi,  -uctum,  -iiore, 
[de-struo],  3.v.a.,(as  \tnnhuild'), 
tear  doion,  demolish,  destroy  : 
moenia. 

desuesco,  -snevi,  -stietum,  -SH- 
escere,[de-suesco],  3.v.a.and  n., 
disuse,  lose  a  custom.  —  desurt  us, 
-a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  disuse,/,  un- 
used.—  Less  exactly,  unused  (of 
something  never  tried),  unaccus- 
tomed. —  Actively,  unaccustomed 
(to  anything)  :  corda. 

desuetus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  drsu- 
esco. 

desum,  -fui,  -futurus,  -esso,  [de- 
sum],  irr.  v.  n.,  be  away,  be  absent, 
be  wanting,  fail. 

dcsuper  [de-super],  adv.,  from 
uliove. 

•  Ifd-ctus,  -a,  -inn,  p.p.  of  dot  <•£<>. 

«l«'t <•»•(),  -tc.xi,  -tcctinii,  -trgi're, 
[de-tego],  3.  v.  a.,  uncover,  dis- 
close. 


Vocabulary. 


81 


cleterior,  -us,  [fdetero-  (comp.  of 
de,  cf.  doinuin  and  inferior)  -f 
ior,  comp.  of  fdeterus],  sup.  de- 
tcrriinus,  adj.,  worse,  inferior, 
degenerate,  weaker,  vanquished. 

detexo,  -tcxul,  -textum,  -texere, 
[de-texo],  3.  v.  a.,  weave  of, 
weave^  lip  (out  of  the  way). 

(ir-tineo,  -tiiiui,  -tcntuni,  -tinerc, 
[de-teneo],  2.  v.  a.,  hold,  detain, 
cling  to. 

detono,  -tonui,  no  sup.,  -tonare, 
[de-tono],  i.  v.  n.,  thunder  doivn. 
—  Fig-,  rage  out,  spend  its  rage. 

detorqueo,  -torsi,  -tortuin (-tor- 
sum),  -torquere,  [de-torqueo], 
2.  v.  a.,  turn  off,  turn  aside,  turn  : 
cornua.  —  Fig.,  turn,  divert :  cur- 
sum. 

detraho,  -traxi,  -tractum,  -tra- 
lioro,  [de-traho],  3.  v.  a.,  drag 
off,  drag  away,  draw  off.  —  Less 
exactly,  take  away,  steal. 

de  tree  to,  -tivi,  -situm,  -are,  [de- 
tracto],  I.  v.  a-.,  (keep  hands  off}, 
refuse,  decline,  spurn  :  iuga  bos. 

detrudo,  -trusi,  -trusum,  -tru- 
dcre,  [de-trudo],  3.  v.  a.,  thrust 
off,  thrust  away,  thrust  down,  force 
off,  shove  off :  naves  scopulo ; 
hostem  e  muro  (dislodge}. —  Less 
exactly  and  fig.,  thrust  down,  force 
down,  drive  :  finibus  hostem  ; 
sub  Tartara  hoc  caput ;  lovem 
regnis  (drive  out). 

deturbo,  -avi,  -at  inn,  -are,  [de- 
turbo],  I.  v.  a.,  hurl  off,  hurl 
down,  drive  off,  drive  out :  prae- 
cipitem  a  puppi ;  caput  orantis 
(strike  off) . 

Deucalion,  -onis,  [Gr.  Aet>/caA.t'a>j/], 
in.,  a  son  of  Prometheus,  king  of 
Thcssaly,  the  survivor  with  Pyrrha 
of  the  flood. 

dcus,  -I,  [akin  to  lovis,  divus,  and 
dies],  m.,  a  god,  a  deity. —  Sing., 
collectively,  the  divinity,  the  A7/r. 
• —  Without  distinction  of  sex,  a 
deity  (female),  a,  goddess. — -For 
Bacchus,  i.e.  wine. 

devpctus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  deveho. 

deveho,  -vexi,  -vectum,  -vein-re, 


[de-veho],  3.  v.  a.,  bear  down, 
carry  away,  bear  off:  devecta 
sarmenta ;  sylvam. 

devenio,  -vein,  -ventuiii,  -ve- 
nire, [de-venio],  4.  v.  n.,  come 
down,  descend.  —  Esp.  (from  the 
rising  of  the  sea  towards  the  hori- 
zon, aj-rive  at,  come  to,  land  at. 

deverto,  see  diverto. 

devexus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  devehO 
as  adj.,  (cf.  vehor  as  dep.),  de- 
scending, sloping,  inclined,  declin- 
ing, setting. 

devictus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  devineo. 

devincio,  -vinxi,  -vinetum,  -vin- 
cire,  [de-vincio],  4.  v.  a.,  bind 
down,  bind  fast. — fig.,  fetter,  hold 
boiindj  pater  devinctus  amore. 

devineo,  -vlel,  -victum,  -vin- 
cere,  [de-vinco],  3.  v.  a.,  subdue, 
conquer. — With  cognate  ace.,  wi>i: 
bella  (fight  victoriously}. 

devinctus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  de- 
viiicio. 

devolo,  -a vi,  -atum,  -are,  [de- 
volo],  i.  v.  \\.,fly  down. 

devolvo,  -volvl,  -volutum,  -vol- 
vere,  [de-volvo],  3.  v.  a.,  roll 
down,  roll  off,  unroll :  trabes  ; 
fusis  pensa  (spin  off}.^ 

devotus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  devoveo. 

devoveo,  -vovi,  -votum,  -vovere, 
[de-voveo],  2.  v.  a.,  (vow  ai^av), 
devote,  doom. 

dc.vfcr,  -tera,  -terum,  (-tra, 
-trum),  [unc.  stem  (in  5e'|ios)  + 
terus  (comp.  cf.  S<?£iTepo's)],  ad]., 
the  right  (opp.  to  lacvus,  left), 
the  right  hand,  on  the  right  side. 

—  From  the  superior  readiness  of 
the  right  hand  :   skilful,  dexterous. 

—  From  the  custom  of  omens,  pro- 
pitious,favorable.  — •  Fern,  as  suhst. 
(sc.  maims),  the  right  hand ' :  data 
(given  as  a  pledge).  —  Phrase  :  ab 
dextera  (dextra),  dextra,  on  the 
right,  auspicious. 

Diana,  -ae,  [perh.  akin  to  lanus], 
f.,  the  goddess  of  the  moon,  sister 
of  Apollo,  identified  with  Hecate. 

dieatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  dico. 

dicio  (dit-),  -onis, [fdico (reduced) 


Vocabulary. 


+  io] ,  f.,  command,  sway,  poiuer, 
control,  dominion. 

dico,  -avi,-atum,  -are,  [lost  noun- 
stem  fdico-  (cf.  maledicus)], 
I.  v.  a.,  devote,  assign,  dedicate. 

dico,  dixi,  dictum,  dicere,  [  -^/dic 
(strengthened),  cf.  SftKvv/ju,  zeigen, 
token)},  3.  v.  a.,  speak,  say,  tell, 
command,  sing,  celebrate  (in  song 
or  story),  name,  call.  —  Used  of 
any  form  of  utterance.  —  dictus, 
-a,  -urn,  p.p.  as  adj. ;  see  dictum. 

Dictaeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Ai«-Ta?oj], 
adj.,  ofDicte  (a  mountain  in  Crete) . 

—  Less  exactly,  Cretan,  of  Crete. 
dietamnus,  -i,  [Gr.  Si/cro^os],  f., 

dittany  (a  plant  growing  on  Mt. 
Uicte). 

dictum,  -i,  [n.  p.p.  of  dico  as 
subst.],  n.,  a  'word,  a  saying, 
speech,  command  (cf.  dico) :  dicto 
parere ;  citius  dicto. 

dictus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  dico. 

dido,  dididi,  diditum,  diderc, 
[dis-do,  put'},  3.  v.  a.,  distribute-, 
spread  abroad,  disseminate. 

Dido,  -Ds  (-onis),  [a  Carthaginian 
word],  f.,  the  founder  of  Carthage, 
the  heroine  of  the  yEneid,  called 
also  Elissa. 

diduco,  -duxi,  -dfictum,  -ducerc, 
[dis-duco],  3.  v.  a.,  draw  apart, 
separate,  divide,  distract :  terram 
ad  capita  {stir,  in  cultivation) ; 
urbes  litore  diductae  (separated 
by  a  shore). 

/liductus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  diduco. 

Didymaon,  -onis,  [Gr.  AiSi^do)?], 
in.,  a  famous  artist  in  metal. 

dies,  -ei,  [same  root  as  dens,  lovls, 
cf.  Sk.  div,  divas},  comm.,  a  dav, 
daylight,  da  v  time.  —  Less  exactly, 
time,  lapse  of  time,  proper  time, 
fitting  time,  allotted  time. 

dirtVro,  distuli,  dilatum,  dif- 
fcrrc,  [dis-fero],  irr.  v.  a.,  bear 
apart,  scatter  :  in  di versa  quadri- 
gae (tear  asunder,  of  Mettius) ; 
in  versum  ulmos  (transplant). 

—  Also,  put  off,  protract,  defer,  de- 
lay :  piacula  in  mortem. 

difllcilis,  -c,  [dis-facilis],  adj.,  not 


easy,  difficult,  hard :  terrae  (stub- 
born) ;  obitus  (painful,  reluct- 
ant, from  stubborn  resistance  to 
death);  scopuli  (dangerous). 

diffido,  -fisus,  -fidere,  [dis- 
fido],  3.  v.  n.,  distrust,  have  no 
confidence  in :  armis. 

difflndo,  -fidi,  -flssum,  -findcrc, 
[dis-findo],  3.  v.  a.,  cleave,  split 
asunder. 

dUfuglo,  -f  ugi,  no  sup.,  -f  ugorc, 
[dis-fugio],  3.  v.  n.,  fly  apart, 
scatter,  disperse,  flee  (in  different 
directions). 

diflfiindo,  -fudi,  -ffisum,  -fun- 
dere,  [dis-fundo],  3.  v.  a.,  pout- 
away,  scatter  abroad.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, of  things  not  liquid,  spread 
abroad,  scatter  :  dederat  comam 
diffundere  ventis  (had  unl>.>und 
her  hair  the  sport  of  the  winds)  ; 
equites ;  haec  in  ora  virum. 

diiFusus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  dif- 
fundo. 

digcro,  -gessi,  -gostum,  -gororo, 
[dis-gero],  3.  v.  a.,  carry  apart, 
separate,  distribute,  arrange,  dis- 
pose.—  Less  exactly,  interpret,  ex- 
plain :  omina. 

digcstus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  di<j;cr<). 

digitus,  -i,  [  ?],  m.,  a  finger.  —  Also 
of  the  feet,  a  tot. 

dignatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  <if  dignor. 

dignor,  -atus,  -ari,  [fdigno-], 
I.  v.  dep.,  diem  worthv  :  me  ho- 
nore ;  Teucros  dominos  (not  dis- 
dain).—  With  an  action  as  obj., 
deign,  think  fit :  sternere.  —  dijr- 
imtiis,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  in  pass,  sense, 
deemed  worthy:  coniugio  Veneris. 

digniis,  -a,  -um,  [prob. '  -^dic  -f 
nus],  adj.,  (conspicuous?),  worthy, 
deserving,  suitable,  fitting,  fit,  due  . 
tu  vitula  ;  cantari  (a  poetic  con- 
struction, cf.  next  example)  :  cui 
pater  baud  Mezentius  esset ; 
digna  relatu ;  dignum  credere 
(deserving  of  belief)  ;  laudes  (Jit- 
ting)  ;  grates  (sufficient) . 

digrrdior,  -grcssus,  -yrc<II,  [dis- 
gradior],  3.  v.  <kj..,  s.'ep  aside, 
come  away,  depart :  e  bello. 


Vocabulary. 


digressus,  -us,  [as  if  dis-gressus, 
cf.  digredior],  m.,  a  departure, 
a  parting. 

digressus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  digre- 
dior. 

dilabor,  -lapsus,  -labi,  [dis- 
labor],  3.  v.  dep.,  glide  away  : 
calor  (leave  the  body).  —  Less  ex- 
actly, dissolve  away :  cadavera 
tabo. 

dllapsus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  dilabor. 

dilectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  diligo. 

diligo,  -lexi,  -lectum,  -ligere, 
[dis-lego],  3.  v.  a.,  (choose  out,  cf. 
dcligo),  love,  esteem.  —  dilectus, 
-a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  loved,  be- 
loved, dear. 

diluo,  -lui,  -lutum,  -lucre,  [dis- 
luo],  3.  v.  a.,  wash  away,  dissolve  : 
labores  bourn  pluvia  ;  favos 
lacte  (dilute}. 

diluvium,  -I  (-ii),  [as  if  dis-flu- 
vium,  cf.  diluo  and  eluvies],  n., 
a  deluge.  —  Less  exactly,  a  destruc- 
tion, a  devastation. 

dimensus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  dime- 
tior. 

dimetior,  -mensus,  -metlri,  [dis- 
metior],  4.  v.  dep.,  measure  out, 
measitfe  off. 

dimitto,  -misl,  -missum,  -mit- 
tere,  [dis-rnitto],  3.  v.  a.,  send 
away,  let  go,  send  forth,  send  off. 
—  Less  exactly  and  fig.,  dismiss, 
give  up,  cease,  abandon  :  fugam 
(stay).^ 

dimoveo,  -movi,  -motum,  -mo- 
vere,  [dis-moveo],  2.  v.  a.,  move 
aside,  separate,  cleave  :  polo  um- 
bram  (disperse);  terram  (stir). 

Dindyma,  -oruin,  [(jr.  AivSv/ua], 
n.,  a  mountain  in  Mysia  sacred  to 
Cybele. 

diiiumcrO,  -avi,  -atuin,  -are,[dis- 
numero],  I.  v.  a.,  calculate, reckon, 
(I'tint  up. 

Diomedes,  -ae,  [Gr.  AIO^STJS],  m., 
son  of  Tydeus,  a  famous  ( Ireek 
warrii>r  at  Troy.-  He  afterwards 
founded  Argyrippa. 

Diouaeus,  -a,  -um,  [adj.fr.  Dioue], 
adj.,  of  Dione  (the  mother  of 


Venus),  Dionaean :  mater  (i.e. 
Venus). 

Diores,  -is,  [?],  m.,  a  Trojan  of  the 
race  of  Priam. 

Dioxippus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  Trojan. 

Dirae,  see  dims. 

Dircaeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Abates], 
adj.,  of  Dirce  (a  fountain  near 
Thebes). —  Less  exactly,  Theban. 

directus  (de-),  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
dirigo. 

direptus^-a,  -um,  p.p.  of  diripio. 

dirigesco,  see  derigesco. 

dirigo  (de-),  -rexl,  -rectum,  -ri- 
gere,  [dis-(de-?)-rego],  3.  v.  a., 
dispose  in  line,  arrange.  —  Esp.  of 
troops,  &c.,  array,  form  :  acies. — 
Less  exactly,  aim,  turn,  direct: 
tela  ;  volnera ;  cursum. 

dirimo,  -emi,  -emptum,  -imere, 
[dia-emo,  take\,$.  v.  a.,  take  apart, 
separate,  divide  :  plaga  (separat- 
ing others  by  being  between). — 
Esp.  of  strife  or  combatants,  sepa- 
rate,decide,  end:  proelia ;  bellum. 

diripio,  -ripul,  -reptum,  -ripere, 
[dis-rapio],  3.  v.  a.,  tear  away, 
tear  asunder,  snatch  apart :  dex- 
tram  ense  (strike  off).  —  Esp.  i.f 
booty,  plunder,  rifle,  ravage,  spoil  : 
dapes  (of  the  Harpies) ;  focos. 

diruo,  -rul,  -rutum,  -ruere,  [dis- 
ruo],  3.  v.  a.,  overthrow. 

dims,  -a,  -um,  [-^/^i  (cf.  SfiSca, 
fear)  +  rus  (cf.  5eWs)],  adj., 
dread,  awful,  horrible,  frightful, 
ill-omened,  ominous.  —  Fern.,  esp. 
plur.,  a  Fury,  the  Furies. 

diriit  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  diruo. 

DIs,  Ditis,  [akin  to  dives],  m.,  the 
god  of  the  lower  world,  Pluto. 

dis-  [akin  to  duo],  insep.  adv.  ex- 
pressing separation,  distribution, 
opposition  and  negation,  cf.  dis- 
<•«'<!<),  diligo,  diripio,  digero, 
dispono,  disiungo,  diflido, 
difflcilla. 

discedo,  -cessi,  -cessum,  -cedere, 
[dis-cedo],  3.  v.  n.,  _^<;  apart,  go 
an'av,  withdraw  :  bello  (<!/'<i>i- 
iloii)  ;  caelum  (/v  rent  asunder"]  ; 
scena  (open). 


84 


Vocabulary. 


discerno,  -crevi,  -cretum,  -cer- 
ncre,  [dis-cerno],  3.  v.  a.,  sepa 
rate,  divide.  —  Fig.,  decide,  deter 
mine.,  distinguish,  descry,  perceive  . 
litem  (settle). 

discerpo,  -cerpsi,  -cerptum,-cer- 
pere,  [dis-carpo],  3.  v.  a.,  pluck 
apart,  tear  away,  tear  off,  rend 
asunder.  —  Less  exactly,  scatter 
disperse. 

disccrptus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  dis- 
cerpo. 

discessus,  -us,  [as  if  dis-fcessus, 
cf.  discedo],  m.,  a  departure,  a 
parting. 

disci  nctus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  dis- 


discindo, -soidi,  -scissum,  -scin- 
dere,  [dis-scindo],  3.  v.  a.,  tear 
apart,  rend  asunder.—  discissus, 
-a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  torn,  man- 
gled. 

discingo,  -einxi,  -cinotum,  -cin- 
gere,  [dis-cingo],  3.  v.  a.,  ungird 
(cf.  disiungo).  —  diseinctus, 
-a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  loosely  clad, 
unbelted. 

discissus,  -a,  -um,   p.p.   of   dis- 


discludo, -elusi,  -clusum,  -clu- 
dore,  [dis-claudo],  3.  v.  .1.,  un- 
close (cf.  disiungo),  open.  —  In 
another  sense  of  dis,  shut  apart 
(cf.  dido),  confine. 

disco,  didici,  no  sup.,  disccre, 
[^/dic  +  sco],  3.  v.  a.,  learn,  find 
out,  come  to  know.  —  With  inf., 
learn  hoiv  :  currere. 

discolor,  -oris,  [dis-color,  decl.  as 
adj.],  adj.,  of  different  color  or  col- 
ors, variegated:  aura  auri  (of 
different  color  from  the  rest.) 

discordia,  -ae,  [fdiscord  +  ia],  f., 
reemcnt,  discordance,  discord. 
—  Personified,  Discord. 

discors,  -cordis,  [dis-fcord,  decl. 
as  adj.],  adj.,  (with  mind  apart, 
inharmonious,  discordant,  con- 
tending, hostile  :  arma  ;  animi  ; 
venti  (warring)  .  —  Less  exactly, 
differing,  varying,  discordant: 
ora 


discrcpo,  -pm,  no  sup.,  -crepare, 
[dia-crepo],  i.  v.  n.,  sound  out  of 
/i/iie,  jar.  —  Less  exactly,  differ: 
aetas. 

discriinen,  -inis,  [as  if  dis-crimen, 
cf.  discerno],  n.,  a  separation,  a 
distinction :  nullo  (with  no  dis- 
tinction) ;  quo ;  nullo  discrimine 
habebo  (treat  as  of  no  account ) . 
—  More  concretely,  a  separation, 
a  division,  an  interval :  dedit 
vobis  Pallas  (make  a  distinction 
or  difference)  •  una  anima  dabit 
tanta  (make  so  much  difference, 
be  of  so  much  importance)  ;  vocum 
septem  (notes  of  the  scale) ;  aequo 
(interval)  ;  parvo  (tenui)  leti 
(slight  separation,  narrow  escape 
from  death) ;  qua  spina  dedit 
costis  (intervals  between). — Also, 
(cf.  discerno),  a  decision,  a  turn- 
ing-point, a  crisis,  peril,  hazard  : 
rerum  (crises  of  fate) ;  tanto 
(tali)  (such  a  crisis). 
discrimino,  -avi,  -atum,  -arc, 
[fdiscrimin-],  I.  v.  a.,  distinguish, 
divide :  via  agros  (mark  out  with 
torches)_. 

discumbo,  -cubui,  -cubit  um, 
-cumbere,  [dis-cumbo],  3.  \ .  n., 
(lie  apart),  recline  (in  place,  cf. 
dispouo)  ;  super  ostro  (take 
their  places) . 

discurro,  -ciicurri  (-curri),  -cur- 
sum,  -currerc,  [dis-curro],  3.  v. 
n.,  run   apart,    rush   apart,   sepa- 
rate,   divide. —  As    m    dispotio, 
rush  to  one's  place,  hasten  /<> 
erally)  ;   discurritur  in  muros. 
rliscussus,  -a,  -um,   p'.p.  of  dis- 

cutio. 

liscutio,  -cussi,  -cussum,  -cu- 
tere,  [dis-quatio],  3.  v.  a.,  (strike 
apart),  strike  off.  —  Fig.,  dispel, 
dissipate :  umbras. 
Hsicio,  (disii-),  -ieci,  -icctum, 
-Icerc,  [dis-iacio],  3.  v.  a.,  (throw 
apart  or  aside),  scatter,  disperse, 
;>•  ,ind  iL'ide,  overthrow  (by 
scattering  the  pieces),  demolish, 
slia tier,  cleave  :  montes ;  rates  ; 
pacem  (destroy).  —  disiectus, 


Vocabulary. 


-a,  -urn,  p.p.  as  adj.,  scattered,  dis- 
ordered, broken,  routed. 

disiectus,    a,  -mil,  p.p.  of  disicio. 

disiicio,  see  disicio. 

disiungo,  -iunxl, -iunetum,  -iuii- 
gere,  [dis-iungo],  3.  v.  a.,  disjoin 
(cf.  discludo),  separate:  Italis 
oris  {drive front). 

dispar,  -aris,  [dis-par],  adj.,  un- 
like (cf.  diflicilis),  unequal. 

dispello,  -pull,  -pulsum,  -pel- 
lere,  [dis-pello],  3.  v.  a.,  drive 
apart,  force  asunder.  —  Fig.,  dissi- 
pate, dispel,  scatter  :  umbras  Som- 
nos  {cleave  by  passing  through). 

dispendium,  -i  (-11),  [dis-fpen- 
dium,  cf.  compendium],  n.,  (a 
paying  out,  cf.  pendo),  expense, 
loss. 

disperdo,  -didi,  -ditum,  -dere, 
[dis-perdo],  3.  v.  a.,  utterly  de- 
stroy .-^carmen  {murder,  mangle). 

dispergo,  -spersl,  -spersum, 
-spergere,  [dis-spargo],  3.  v.  a., 
scatter,  spread  abroad,  disperse  : 
vitam  in  auras  {breathe  for t!i). 

dispersus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  dis- 
pergo. 

dispicio,  -spexi,  -spectum,  -spi- 
eere,  [dis-fspecio],  3.  v.  a.,  see 
through. 

displicco,  -plicul,  -plicitum,  -pli- 
cere,  [dis-placeo],  2.  v.  n.,  dis- 
please (cf.  diflfido)  :  mihi  equus 
(7  disapprove  the  horse). 

dispoiio,  -posui,  -positum,  -po- 
m-re, [dis-pono],  3.  v.  a.,  {set 
apart'),  arrange  (c'f.  digero),  set 
in  order. 

dissensus,  -us,  [as  if  dis-sensus, 
cf.  dissentio],  m.,  dissent,  dissen- 
sion, variance. 

dissideo,  -sedi,  -sessum,  -sidere, 
[dis-sedeo],  2.  v.  n.,  {sit  apart), 
be  apart :  nostris  sceptris  terra 
{not  be  ruled  />}'). 

dissilio,  -siliu,  no  sup.,  -silire, 
[dis-salio],  4.  v.  n.,  spring  apart, 
burst  asunder,  sp-lit  in  pieces. 

dissimilis,  -e,  [dis-similis],  adj., 
unlike  (cf.  diflicilis),  inferior  to. 

dissiiuulo,     -avi,     -atum,    -are, 


[fdissimili-  (cf.  simulo  and  si- 
miil)],  i.  v.  a.,  pretend  not,  dis- 
semble, conceal,  remain  hid. 

dissulto,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -are, 
[as  if  dis-salto,  cf.  dissilio], 
I.  v.  n.,  spring  apart,  spring  aside, 
burst  foi-th  :  fulmine  crepitus. 

distendo,  -tendi,  -tentum  (-teii- 
sum),  -tendere,  [dis-tendo], 
3.  v.  a.,  stretch  apart,  distend.  — 
Less  exactly,  swell,  fatten. 

distento,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [dis- 
tento],  I.  v.  a.,  stretch  out,  distend, 
extend. 

disteiitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  dis- 
tendo. 

distillo,  see  destillo. 

distineo,  -tinui,  -teutum,  -tine  re, 
[dis-teneo],  2.  v.  a.,  hold  off,  keep 

°ff± 
disto,   no   perf.,  no  sup.,   dlstare, 

[dis-sto],    i.  v.  n.,  stand  off.  — 

Less   exactly,    be   distant,  be  far 

away, 
distractus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.   of  dis- 


distraho,  -traxi,  -tractum,  [dis- 

traho],  3.  v.  a.,  pull  apart,  rend 

asunder. 
districtus,   -a,   -um,   p.p.  of  dis- 

triugo. 
distringo,     -strinxi,    -strictum, 

stringere,  [dis-stringo],  3.  v.  a., 

bind  apart,  stretch  and  bind. 
ditiS,  -onis;  see  dicio,  the  proper 

spelling. 

ditissimus,  -a,  -um;  see  dives. 
diu  [abl.  of  stem  akin  to  dies,  cf. 

noctu],  adv.,  long,  a  long  time. 
diurnus,  -a,  -um,  [fdius-  (akin  to 

dies)  +  mis],  adj.,  of  the  day,  daily. 
dius,  -a,  -um,  [akin  to  divus  (perh. 

same  word)  and  deus],  adj.,  di- 

vine, godlike.  —  Xeut.,  the  sky,  the 

open  air  (cf.  sub  love). 
divello,    -velli,    -volsum    (-vul- 

sum),   -vellere,    [dis-vello],   3. 

v.   a.,    tear   asunder,    tear  apart, 

tear  a^'nv. 
diverbero,     -avi,    -atum,    -are, 

[dis-verbero],    i.    v.    a.,    {strike 

apart),  cleave,  cut  asunder. 


86 


Vocabulary. 


diversus  (-versus),  -a,  -uni,  p.p. 
of  diyerto. 

diverto  (-vorto),  -vert!,  -ver- 
suiii  (-vorsuin),  -vertere,  [dis- 
verto],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  turn  aside. 
—  Pass.,  turn  aside  (intr.).  — 
diversus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  as  adj., 
in  different  direction  or  directions, 
apart,  separate,  away.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, remote,  far  off,  different,  va- 
rious, other:  ramus  {peculiar)  ; 
luctus  (different  forms  of).— 
Phrase  :  ex  diverse,  from  differ- 
ent directions.  —  Neut.,  different 
parts,  distant  f  laces,  different  di- 
rections. 

dives,  divitis,  [?],  adj.,  rich, 
abounding  in,  wealthy.  —  Poeti- 
cally, fertile:  ager.  —  Collateral 
form,  dls,  ditis  (ditior,  ditissi- 
IIHIS). 

dividu,    -visi,    -vlsuiu,   -videre, 


3.  v.  a.,  part,  separate,  divide,  cut 
through  :  animum  (turn  in  dif- 
ferent directions}  ;  muros  (make 
a  breach  in}. 

divinitus  [fdivino  +  tus],  adv., 
from  heaven,  providentially,  di- 
vinely. 

divliius,  -a,  -um,  [fdivo-  (re- 
duced) +  Inus),  adj.,  of  a  god, 
heavenly.  —  Less  exactly,  prophet- 
ic, sacred,  holy,  religious,  godlike, 
superhuman,  divine  :  mens  ;  Al- 
cimedon  ;  res  ;  lacus  ;  poeta  ;  os. 

divisiis,  -a,  -uiu,  p.p.  of  divido. 

divitiae,  -arum,  [fdivit  +  ia],  f. 
plur.,  riches,  wealth. 

divortium,  -i  (-11),  [as  if  dis-vor- 
tium  (tvorto  +  ium,  n.  of  ius), 
but  cf.  diverto],  n.,  a  turning 
aside.  —  Concretely,  a  par  ling  way, 
cross-roads,  corners. 

divus,  -a,  -uni,  [-v/div  (strength- 
ened) +  us],  adj.,  divine,  godlike, 
heavenly.  —  Masc.,  a  god.  —  T'cm., 
a  goddess. 

do,  dcdi,  datum,  dare,  [v'da, 
give,  and  ^/dha,  place,  confounded, 
cf.  5i5w/j.i  and  riOri/j.t],  I.  v.  a., 
give  (in  all  senses,  mixed  with  idea 


of  putting  forth),  offer,  present,  be- 
stow,grant,  concede,  permit,  allow, 
afford,  yield,  supply  :  aprum  dari 
optat ;  fortuna  dabatur ;  terga 
(turn) ;  sceptra  (give  away} ; 
animam  (give  up};  finis  dabi- 
tur ;  manibus  dant  fontes  ger- 
manae;  sacra  deosque  (<*//<>/;//  ; 
fata  cursum  (ordain};  millia 
leto  (consign};  ulmos  igni  (com- 
mit} .  —  Esp.  of  utterance,  say, 
tell,  utter  (cf.  accipe,  hear)  : 
da  Tityre  nobis ;  dicta;  ulula- 
tus  (cf.  soiiitum,  below).— 
With  reflexive,  or  corpora,  or 
the  like,  throw  one's  self,  consign 
one's  self,  spring:  saltu  sese  in 
fluvium  ;  sese  in  acies ;  corpora 
ignibus.  —  In  special  phrases  : 
poenas,  suffer,  cf.  solvo,  pendo 
(punishment  being  regarded  by 
the  ancients  as  a  penalty  paid) ; 
iura  (leges),  administer  (cf.  rl- 
Ori/j.i) .  —  Esp.  of  marriage,  marry 
(a  woman  to  a  aaai)tgivt  (in  mar- 
riage}.—  Perhaps  more  closely 
connected  with  y'dha,  appoint, 
ordain  :  dies ;  natura  modos.  — 
Less  exactly  (perhaps  from  influ- 
ence of  ^/dha,  cf.  edo),  cause, 
give  forth,  display,  make,  form, 
produce,  br ing  forth,  oftener  with 
nouns  as  periphrasis  for  verb)  : 
placata  venti  maria;  prolem 
(give  birth  to};  tabulata  iunc- 
turas  (offer,  afford};  funera 
(spread  havoc}  ;  sonitum ;  nido- 
rem  (give out}  ;  -cuneum  (form)  ; 
discrimina  costis  (leave) ;  dis- 
crimina  vobis ;  spatium  (leave}  ; 
stragis  acervos  (pile) ;  colores 
(display) ;  multa  melius  se  (suc- 
ceed, prosper} ;  amplexus  (em- 
brace); cantum  (sing).  —  With 
participle  or  adj.  as  periphrasis  for 
a  verb  (cf.  reddo,  facio),  cause 
to  be,  make :  haec  vasta  (lay 
waste) ;  te  defensum  (secure  your 
defence} . 

doceo,  docui,  doctum,  docere, 
[akin  to  SiSda-Kw  and  pcrli.  dico  i, 
2.  v.  a.,  show,  teach,  tell,  e.\plain, 


Vocabulary, 


inform,  recount.  —  doctus,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  skilled,  skilful, 
experienced, 

doct  issimus,  -a,  -um,  superl.  of 
doctus. 

doctus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  doceo. 

Dodoiia,  -ac,  [Gr.  AoiS&Ji'T)],  f.,  a 
city  of  Epirus,  famous  for  its  ora- 
cle of  Jupiter  in  an  oak  grove.  — 
Less  exactly,  the  grove. 

Dodoiiaeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Ao>5o>- 
yaios],  adj.,  of  Dodona. 

doleo,  -lui,  -lituiu,  -lerc,  [?,  perh. 
akin  to  dolus  and  dolo],  2.  v.  n. 
and  a.,  feel  pain,  suffer. —  Esp.  in 
mind,  grieve,  grieve  for,  be  sorry, 
sorrow,  be  pained. 

Dolichaoii,  -onis,  [Gr.  AoA.ixacoi'] , 
m.,  a  Trojan,  father  of  Hebrus. 

dolo,  -onis,  [Gr.  S6\tav~\,  m.,  a  pike. 

Dolou,  -onis,  [Gr.  A6\<av],  m..  a 
spy  of  the  Trojans  at  the  siege  of 
Troy. 

Dolopes,  -um,  [Gr.  A6\oires~\,  m. 
plur.,  a  people  of  Thessaly. 

dolor,  -oris,  [  y/dol  (as  root  of 
doleo)  +  or],  m.,  a  pain,  a  pang, 
suffering,  sorrow,  grief,  resent- 
ment, indignation.  —  Concretely, 
a  grief,  a  cause  of  woe. 

dolus,  -I,  [?,  perh.  akin  to  doleo, 
a  sharp  stroke  (?)],  m.,  a  strata- 
gem, a  unle,  deception,  deceit, 
treachery  (esp.  in  plur.). 

doniiua,  -ac,  [f.  of  domiiius],  f., 
a  mistress,  a  lady,  a  queen. 

domiiiatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  do- 
minor. 

dominor,  -iitus,  -arl,  [fdomino-], 
i.  v.  dep.,  lord  it  over,  rule,  gov- 
ern, gain  the  mastery. 

doniiiiiis,  -i,  [fdomo,  (cf.  -Santos 
and  domo)  -f  nus],  m.,  a  lord,  a 
ruler,  a  master.  —  In  accordance 
with  ancient  marriage  relations,  a 
husband. 

domito,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -are, 
[fdomito-],  I.  v.  a.,  lame,  break  in. 

domitor,  -oris,  [fdomi-  (weaker 
stem  of  domo)  +  tor],  m.,  a 
tamer,  a  subduer :  TQXni{queller), 

domitrix,  -Icis,  [as  if  fdomi-  (cf. 


domitor)  +  trix],  f.,  a  lamer 
(female). 

domitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  domo. 

domo,  -ul,  -itum,  -arc,  [fdomo 
(cf.  -Sa.fj.os  and  domiiius  (  ^/dom, 
tame)},  I.  v.  a.,  tame,  qttell,  sub- 
due, vanquish,  conquer,  master  : 
Centauros  leto ;  fera  corda.  — 
Less  exactly,  of  wild  nature,  sub- 
due, master:  terram  rastris; 
ulmus  domatur  (the  stubborn  elm 
is  bent}  ;  &i\>or&s,(domeslicate).  — 
Fig.,  overpower,  overcome,  crush, 
break  the  spirit,  oppress :  ilium 
cur  a. 

donius,  -us  or  -I,  [-y/dom  (cf.  8e- 
/ioj)+us  (u)  or  us  (o)],  f.,  a 
building  (usually  for  habitation), 
a  house,  a  dwelling,  a  home,  a  hab- 
itation, home.  —  Less  exactly,  a 
palace,  a  workshop,  any  building 
or  structure  :  Vulcani  (i.e.  /Etna) . 
—  Fig.,  as  in  English,  a  house,  a 
family,  a  race,  a  lineage. —  domi 
(old  loc.),  at  home  ;  domo, /row 
home  ;  domum,  home. 

doiiarium,  -I  (-ii),  [fdono-  (re- 
duced) +  arium  (n.  of  arius)], 
n.,(<7  depository  for  gifts),  a  temple. 

doiiiit  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  douo. 

donee  [mutilated  case-form  of  fdo- 
nicus,  perh.  akin  to  dcuiquc, 
pron.  y'da],  adv.,  until,  till,  so 
long  as,  while. 

douo,  -iivl,  -at inn,  -are,  [fdono-], 
I .  v.  a..,  give,  present  (with  ace.  and 
dat.,  something  to  somebody). — 
From  another  point  of  view,  pre- 
sent, endow,  reward  (with  ace.  and 
abl.,  somebody  with  something):  te 
cicuta  ;  donati  omnes ;  donatus 
(honored  with  a  present). 

don  u  in,  -i,  [y'da  +  num  (n.  of 
nus)],  n.,  a  gift,  a  present,  a  re- 
ward:  noctis  (cover). 

Donusa,  -ac,  [Gr.  AOVUO-T;],  f.,  a 
small  island  in  the  .Egean,  famous 
for  its  green  marble. 

Doi-icus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Aeopwcds, 
adj.  fr.  Aoipos],  adj.,  of  the  Dorians 
(a  division  of  the  Greeks). —  Less 
exactly,  of  the  Creeks,  Grecian. 


88 


Vocabulary. 


Doris,  -Idis,  [Gr.  Ao>p(s],  f.,  a 
daughter  of  Oceanus,  a  sea-nymph, 
wife  of  Nereus.  —  Also,  the  sen 
(cf.  Bacchus,  win,-}. 

dormio,  -ivi(-ii),  -ituin,  -Ire,  [  ?], 
4.  v.  n.,  sleep. 

dorsum,  -I,  [?],  n.,  a  back  (of  men 
or  animals).  —  Less  exactly,  a 
ridge,  a  reef,  the  top  (of  a  wave), 
the  side  (of  a  plough),  the  rooj '(of 
a  cave). 

Doryclus,  -I,  [Gr.  A<fy>wcAos],  m., 
the  husband  of  Beroe,  once  in  the 
Trojan  expedition. 

dos,  dot  is,  [  y'da  +  tis  (reduced)], 
f.,  (a  giving  Or  gift},  a  marriage- 
portion,  a  dowrv. 

dotalis,  -e,  [fdoti-  (reduced)  + 
alls],  adj.,  of  a  marriage-portion  : 
Tyrii  (as  a  dowry} . 

doto,  -avi,  -at  um,  -are,  [fdoti- 
(as  if  doto-)],  I.  v.  a.,  c ndow, por- 
tion, dower. 

Doto,  -us,  [Gr.  Accra)],  f.,  a  Nereid 
or  sea-nymph. 

<lracd,  -oiiis,  [Gr.  Spa/coiy],  m.,  a 
terpent,  a  dragon,  the  Dragon. 

Drances,  -is,  (voc.  Drancc),  m., 
a  Latin,  hostile  to  Turnus. 

Drcpamim,  -i,  [Gr.  Sptiravov,  from 
its  shape],  n.,  a  town  on  the  west 
coast  of  Sicily  (now  Trapani}. 

Driisus,  -i,  [perh.  a  Gallic  word], 
m.,  a  family  name  in  the  gens 
Livia  and  gens  Claudia. —  Esp., 
Marcus  ] Avi  us  Drusus,  tribune 
<;i  i:.c.,  and  Tiberius  Drusus  Nero, 
a  stepson  of  Augustus. 

Dryas,  -a(iis,  [Gr.  Apva.s'],  f.,  a 
wood-nymph,  a  dryad. 

Dr.vino,  -us,  [Gr.  Apv/tw],  f.,  a  sea- 
nymph. 

Dryope,  -es,  [Gr.  Apu6irri'],  f.,  a 
nymph,  mother  of  Tarquitus. 

Dryopcs,  -ae,  [Gr.],  m.,  a  Trojan. 

dubitu,  -iivi,  -at  inn,  -arc,  [fdu- 
bito  (stem  of  p.p.  of  lost  verb 
fdubo  (?),  cf.  dubius)],  i.  v.  n. 
and  A.,  doubt,  waver,  ijuestion. — 
Witli  or  without  inf.,  hesitate  :  pos- 
cere  ;  quid  dubitas  ?  —  dubi- 
taiidu*,  -a,  -uin,  gcr.  participle 


as  adj.,  to  be  doubted,  questionable, 
doubtful. 

dubius,  -a,  -inn,  [fdubo-  (reduced) 
+  ius],  adj.,  doubtful,  wavering, 
in  doubt,  uncertain.  —  Both  of 
persons  in  doubt  and  things  not 
clear:  res  (critical}  ;  caelum 
(uncertain  weather}. 

duco,  duxi,  duotuin,  dii<-cro, 
[-^/duc  (strengthened,  cf.  re- 
dux)],  3.  v.  a.  Of  living  tilings, 
guide,  lead,  conduct,  escort,  draw, 
entice :  te  in  secreta ;  equas 
amor  trans  Gargara  ;  equum 
(bring}  ;  ductus  cornu  hircus  ; 
ducenteDeo  (under  the  guidance 
of}.  —  Esp.  of  command  or  pre- 
cedence, lead,  command,  conduit, 
escort :  aciem ;  turmas ;  sacra  ; 
orgia  ;  funera ;  triumphos  ; 
captain  larbas  (lead  captive)  ; 
examina  reges.  —  Of  marriage  : 
tibi  ducitur  uxor  ;  ducenda 
datur  Lavinia  (in  marriage}. — 
1'ig.,  of  a  path,  lead,  conduct :  quo 
via  ducit.  —  Of  stars,  bring  in, 
usher  in,  lead  on  :  astra  noctem ; 
Lucifer  diem  ;  annum.  —  Of 
things,  draw  (lit.  and  fig.)  :  cri- 
men  sidera ;  facem  stella ;  di- 
versa  bracchia ;  ducantur  ro- 
tae  ;  ducto  mucrone ;  gemitus  ; 
pectora  per  augurium  (/<•</</)  ; 
muros  (extend}  ;  iuga  (bear.}  — 
Esp.  of  lots,  draw,  select  (by  lot)  : 
ductis  sortibus ;  ductus  sorte 
sacerdos,  exsortem  honorem 
(take}. —  Of  artistic  work,  bring 
forth,  draw,  fashion  :  ocreas  ar- 
gento ;  effigiem  ;  vivos  vultus. 

—  Of    race   or    line    of    descent, 
&c.,  derive,  draw :  genus ;  pro- 
geniem;   ducta  series  (descend- 
ingfCofitingdowH}}  nomen  (take}. 

—  Of   time    and    condition,    lead, 
pass :  vitam  (drag  out} ;  somnos 
(enjoy};    bellum   (carry  on). — 
Also,  prolong,    delav,    draw  out: 
noctem ;  amores;  voces.  —  From 
mercantile   use,    reckon,   consider, 
think,  deem :  ducebam   sic  am- 
mo ;  me  crimine  dignum. 


Vocabulary. 


89 


cluctor,  -oris,  [-y/duc  (as  if»  root 
of  duco)  +  tor],  m.,  a  leader,  a 
guide,  a  command*:)',  a  captain. 

diictus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  duco. 

(liidiiin  [diu-dum],  adv.,  a  while 
ago,  just  now,  a  long  time  ago, 
long  ago. 

dulcedo,  -inis,  [fdulce-  (cf.  dul- 
cesco)+do(cf.  dulcis)],f.,^:t'tvA 
ness. — ¥\g.,  pleasure,  delight  (proy- 
erly,  pleasantness,  cause  of  pleas- 
ure} :  nescio  qua  laeti. 

clulcis,  -e,  [?],  adj.  Of  taste  and 
smell,  sweet,  fragrant.  —  Of  water 
(as  opposed  to  amarus,  bitter}, 
fresh.  —  Transferred,  sweet,  pleas- 
ant, grateful,  delightful,  charm- 
ing, dear,  much  prized,  much 
loved.  —  Neut.,  a  boon,  a  blessing, 
a  joy. 

Dulichium,  -I  (-il),  [Gr.  Aov\i- 
.  X'°*']»  n->  an  island  near  Ithaca, 
and  often  confounded  with  it. 

Diilichius,  -a,  -uin,  [prop.  adj.  of 
wh.  Dulichium  is  n.,  but  used  as 
adj.  from  it],  adj.  (of  Dulichium}. 

—  Less  exactly,  of  Ulysses. 
dum  [pron.  -y/da,  prob.  ace.,  cf.  turn, 

nil  in,  cum],  conj.,  (prop.,  that 
time},  while,  so  long  as,  until: 
dum  imitatur  (as  he  was,  &c.). 

—  In  a  logical  sense,  with  or  with- 
out   modo    (cf.  "so   long   as"), 
provided.  —  With  negatives,  yet : 
nondum ;  necdum. 

dumetum,  -I,  [fdumo  +  etum,  as 
if  fdume  (stem  of  fdumeo  from 
<l minis;  -f  turn  (n.  of  tus)],  n., 
a  brake,  a  bramble  thicket. 

dimiosus,  -a,  -um,  [fdumo  (re- 
duced) +  osus],  adj.,  brushy, 
I'rambly,  bush-covered,  briery. 

dumus,  -i,  [ y'dus  (?)  +  mus],  m., 
a  bush,  a  briar,  a  bramble  bush. 

duo,  dime,  duo,  [cf.  Gr.  Svu>,  Sk. 
dva,  Eng.  "two  "],  num.  adj.,  two. 

duodeiil,  -ae,  -a,  [duo-deni],  distr. 
num.,  twelve  each.  —  Less  exactly, 
twelve. 

duplex,  -icis,  [duo-fplex,  (-y/plic 
as  stem)],  adj.,  twofold,  double: 
palmae  (both};  parentes  (two}; 


amictus  (cf.  the  Gr.  8nrAoi'5»oj/,  a 
long  robe  doubled  down  at  the  top) . 

duplieatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  du- 
plico. 

duplicS,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fdu- 
plic-],  I.  v.  a.,  double  up,  double  : 
duplicate  poplite  (bent};  hasta 
virum  (bend  double} .  — •  Also,  re- 
double (cf.  gemino) ;  sol  umbras 
(add  another  length  to} ;  vota. 

duresco,  -ul,  no  sup.,  -escere, 
[fdure  (stem  of  fdureo,  from. 
durus)  +  sco],  2.  v.  n.  incep., 
grow  hard,  harden. 

dfiro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fduro-], 
I.  v.  a.  and  n.  Act.,  harden, 
toughen :  natos  gelu  ;  umeros 
ad  vulnera.  —  Neut.,  harden  : 
solum. — Also,  (harden  one's  self}, 
endure,  persevere,  hold  out:  du- 
rando  saecula  vincit  (in  endur- 
ance}.—  With  a  kind  of  cog.  ace., 
endure,  sustain  :  quemvis  la- 
borem. 

durus,  -a,  -um,  [unc.  root  + 
rus  (  ?) ],  adj.,  hard  (to  the  touch), 
unyielding,  stiff,  rigid,  stubborn, 
tough,  rough  :  cestus ;  dura  quies 
et  ferreus  somnus.  —  Of  other 
senses,  harsh,  rough :  saporem 
Bacchi  ;  hiems.  —  Of  persons, 
hardened,  hardy  :  agrestes.  — To 
the  feelings,  harsh,  hard,  grievous, 
severe,  cruel,  difficult,  toilsome  : 
casus;  vada  saxis  (cf.  first  di- 
vision) ;  mors ;  labor ;  curae  ; 
dolores  (bitter} ;  iter ;  volnus. 

—  Also,  fig.,  of  persons,  and  things 
belonging  to  persons,  harsh,  cruel, 
fierce,   siiva^e,    unfeeling:    Scipi- 

ades;  Mars  (cruel  war};  prae- 
lia  (cf.  preceding  division) ;  amor ; 
regna ;  certamen ;  vis  ;  aures. 

—  Neut.  plur.,  hardships. 

dux,  duels, [  y'duc  as  stem],  comm., 
</  i^nide,  a  leader,  a  conductor,  a 
driver  (of  a  chariot) .  —  Esp.  of 
command  (cf.  duco),  a  chief,  a 
leader,  a  pilot,  a  king,  a  master. 

Dymiis,  -antis,  [Gr.  At^as],  m-: 
i.  The  father  of  Hecuba;  2.  A 
Trojan  warrior. 


Vocabulary. 


E. 


e,  see  ex. 

ebenus,    -I,    f.,    (-um,    n.),    [Gr. 

ejSei/os],  the  ebony  tree,  ebony. 

cbulum,  -i,  [?],  n.,  dwarf  elder 
(Sambttcus  ebulus). 

Cbur,  -oris,  [?],  n.,  ivory.  —  Less 
exactly,  a  pipe  (made  of  ivory). 

eburnus,  -a,  -um,  [ebor  +  nus], 
adj.,  of  ivory,  ivory.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, ivory-hilted :  ensis. 

Kbusus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  an  Etruscan. 

ecce  [en-ce,  cf.  en  and  hie],  interj., 
lo,  see,  behold.  —  Often  of  an  unex- 
pected occurrence,  lo,  suddenly. 

ecf  atus,  ecfor,  ecfero,  etc. ;  see 
eff-. 

Echionius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  tEX'<>' 
i/jos],  adj.,  of  Echion  (who  assisted 
Amphion  in  building  Thebes).  — 
Less  exactly,  Theban. 

ecloga,  -ae,  [Gr.  «?/cAo7^],  f.,  (a 
selection),  an  Eclogue  (name  given 
to  Virgil's  Bucolic  poetry). 

ecquis(-qui),  -qua,  -quid  (-quod), 
[en-quis],  pron.  indef.  interrog., 
(whether)  any  ?  does  (is)  any  ? 
&c.  —  Usually  implying  some  emo- 
tion, as  eagerness,  impatience,  sur- 
prise, or  despair  :  ecquis  erit 
modus  (will  there  ever  be  an 
end?) ;  ecqua  puero  est  cura 
(has  the  boy,  fell  me,  any  thought  ?) ; 
ecquid  in  virtutem  excitat  Hec- 
tor (pray,  does  Hector  excite  him 
at  all?). 

edax,  -acis  [  -y/ed  +  ax,  as  if  feda 
4-  cus  (reduced)J,  adj.,  voracious. 
—  Fig.,  devouring,  gnawing,  con- 
sinning,  wasting :  ignis;  curae. 

edico,  -dixi,  -dictum,  -dicere, 
[ex-dico],  3.  v.  a.,  (say  publicly, 
publish),  properly  of  official  an- 
nouncement, order,  ordain,  pro- 
claim, charge,  command,  bid:  oves 
carpere ;  sociis  arma  capessant. 

edisco,  -dldici,  no  sup.,  -discere, 
[ex -disco],  3.  v.  a.,  learn  off,  learn 
by  heart,  commit  to  memory. 

edissero,  -serui,  -sertum,  -se- 
rere,  [ex-dissero],  3.  v.  a.,  set 


forth  in  discourse,  declare,  explain, 
relate. 

editus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  edo. 

edo,  edl,  esum,  edere  (esse), 
[y'ed],  3.  v.  a.,  eat.  —  Fig.,  con- 
sume, devour,  waste  :  edendi  pe- 
nuria  (want  of  food) ;  flamma 
medullas  ;  vapor  carinas ;  te 
dolor. 

edo,  edidi,  editum,  edere,  [ex- 
do,  give  and  put~\,  3.  v.  a.,  put 
forth,  give  forth.  —  Esp.  of  speech, 
utter,  set  forth,  speak.  — •  Also  of 
generation,  beget,  bring  forth.  — 
Fig.,  produce,  cause,  make :  fu- 
nera  (make  havoc). —  editus, 
-a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  raised,  ele- 
vated, high :  editus  Austro  (ex- 
posed^to). 

edoceo,  -doeui,  -doctum,  -do- 
cere,  [ex-doceo],  2.  v.  a.,  show 
forth,  declare,  inform  (one)  of  (a 
thing,  ace.). 

Kdonus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  'HSoWs], 
adj.,  of  the  Edoni  (a  people  of 
Thrace).  —  Less  exactly,  Thra- 
cian :  Boreae  (as  coming  from 
the_north). 

educo,  -avl,  -alum,  -are,  [prol>. 
feduco-  or  feduc-  (cf.  redux)], 
I.  v^  a.,  bring  up,  rear,  nurture. 

educo,  -duxi,  -ductum,  -dncere, 
[ex-duco],  3.  v.  a.,  lead  forth, 
draw  forth:  adultos  fetus  (apes). 
—  Less  exactly,  raise  up,  build 
high  :  turrim  eductam.  —  Of  a 
mother,  bring  forth,  bear.- —  Also, 
nurture,  'rear,  bring  up.  —  Of 
ductile  metals  (cf.  duco),  /i'/^v, 
work  :  moenia  educta  caminis. 

rduct  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  educo. 

edurus,  -a,  -um,  [ex-durus],  adj., 
very  hard,  very  tough. 

dial  us  (ecf-),  -a,  -um,  p.p.  uf 
eflfor. 

erteetus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  cUicio. 

eflfero,  extuli,  elatum,  efferre, 
[ex-fero],  irr.  v.  a.,  bring  forth, 
carry  out,  bear  away:  quos  ex 
ignibus  (n-scut!) ;  ensem  (draw) ; 


Vocabulary. 


pedem    (go   forth") .  —  With    re- 
flexive,   come   forth     (go   -forth). 

—  Of  height  (cf.  edo,  escendo), 
raise,  lift  up,  lift :  caput;  brac- 
chia  ad  auras ;  oculos  ad  sidera ; 
tellus  elata  mari ;  elatis  naribus 
(tossed  high}  ;    mollibus    undis 
(hear  up,  of   the  Tiber).  —  With 
reflexive,  arise  (cf.  next  division). 

—  Less   exactly,  put  forth,   show 
forth,  display :  puppis  flammas ; 
aurora  diem;   ortus  Titan;   ab 
arce    signum.  —  With    reflexive 
or   in    passive,   be   puffed  up,   be 
proud:  elate  (proud  boaster  .'). 

eilVnis,  -a,  -uiii,  [ex-ferus],  adj., 
wild,  savage,  barbarous. 

effervo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -fervere, 
[ex-fervo],  3.  v.  n.,  boil  over. — 
Fig.,  of  things  not  liquid,  rusk 
forth,  swarm  forth,  burst  forth. 

effetus,  -a,  -urn,  [ex-fetus,  p.p.  of 
feo],  adj.,  worn  out  (by  bearing), 
barren,  exhausted:  senectus  veri 
(incapable  of). 

eflioio,  -feel,  -fectuin,  -ficere, 
[ex-facio],  3.  v.  a.,  make  out, 
form,  make,  produce,  accomplish, 
achieve :  maxima  res  effecta  ; 
ne  lacessas  (stop  you  from  chal- 
lenging). 

ettigies,  -ei,  [ex-fngies  (V%  + 
ies,  cf.  series  and  illuvies)],  f., 
an  image,  a  likeness,  a  resemblance, 
a  copy. 

eflfingu,  -fiiixi,  -lie  turn,  -flngere, 
[ex-fingo],  3.  v.  a.,  form,  mould, 
fashion.  —  More  generally,  repre- 
sent, imitate. 

clllagito,  -avi,  -atuiii,  -are,  [ex- 
flagito],  I.  v.  &.,  demand  urgent- 
ly, call  violently. 

elllo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ex-floj, 
I.  v.  n.,  blow  forth,  breathe  out, 
breathe  (out). 

effodit),  -fodi,  -fossiim,  -fodere, 
[ex-fodio],  3.  v.  a.,  dig  out, 
up:  signum.  —  From  the  result 
(as  iu  English),  make  (  by  digging), 
dig:  sepulchra.  —  Less  exactly, 
tear  out,  dig  out  :  lumen  (bored 
out,  of  the  Cyclops'  eye) . 


effoetus,  see  effetus. 

feffor,  -at us,  -ari,  [ex-ffor],  i.v. 
dep.,  speak  out,  say,  tell,  relate, 
disclose,  divulge:  O  virgo  effare 
(say);  tan  turn  effatus. 
ffossus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  effo- 
dio. 

effractus,  -a,  -uni,p.p.  of  effringo. 

effreuus,  -a,  -um,  [ex-ffreno, 
(infl.  as  adj.)],  adj.,  (without  a 
bridle),  unbridled,  unbroken,  un- 
tamed, savage. 

effriiigo,  -f  regi,  -f  racttun,  -f  rin- 
gere,  [ex-frango],  3.  v.  a.,  break 
out,  dash  out. 

effugio,  -fugi,  no  sup.,  -fugere, 
[ex-fugio],  3.  v.  n.  and  a.,  Jlee 
away,  escape,  get  off,  jly  from,  speed 
away. 

effugium,  -I  (-li),  [ex-ffugium 
(cf.  coiifugiuni  and  effugio)], 
n.,  an  escape,  a  /light. 

fcll'iih-io,  ett'ultus,  only  in  p.p.; 
see  effultus. 

eft'ulgeo,  -f  tilsi,  no  sup.,  -f  nlgere, 
[ex-fulgeo],  2.  v.  n.,  shine  forth, 
gleam,  glitter.  (Also,  -ere,  3.) 

effultus,  -a,  -um,  [ex-fultus],  p.p. 
of  effulclo,  propped  up,  resting 
on,  lying  on. 

effundo,  -fudl,  -t'usiun,  -fun- 
do  re,  [ex-fundo],  3.  v.  a.  and  n., 
pour  out,  pour  forth,  shed,  breathe 
out :  halitus ;  fletus  ;  voces ; 
vitam  (breathe  out,  prop,  shed  life- 
blood};  an  imam  (sacrifice) ;  nos 
lacrimis  (dissolve  in  tears);  ef- 
fusi  imbres  (drenching  rain); 
effusae  lacrymae(y&w/.y  of  tears). 
—  Less  exactly,  scatter,  overthrow, 
/ling :  habenas  (let  loose)  ;  cri- 
nes  (dishevel )  ;  iubam  (toss) ; 
omne  genus  telorum  (let  Jly,  dis- 
charge) ;  effusus  eques  (thrown 
off);  effusus  labor  (wasted); 
vires  (waste) ;  effunde  (Aenean) 
sub  altis  portis  (overwhelm). — 
With  reflexive  (sometimes  with- 
out) or  in  pass.,  rush  headlong, 
pour  forth,  rush  out:  se  quad- 
rigae ;  matres  effusae. 
clfusus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  cffuiidu. 


Vocabulary. 


egelidus,  -a,  -um,  [ex-gelidus], 
adj.,  very  cold  (?),  chill.  —  Also, 
somewhat  cool  (a  doubtful  word, 
occurring  once  only  in  Virgil,  some- 
times read  ec  gelido) . 

egeuus,  -a,  -um,  [ege-  (stem  of 
egeo)  +  nus],  adj.,  needy,  desti- 
tute:  res  {humbled,  straitened"). 

egeo,  egui,  no   sup.,  egere,    [?], 

2.  v.  n.,  be  in  need,  want,  be  desti- 
tute. —  Less  exactly,  require,  feel 
the  need  of:  laudis ;    radicis.  — 
egens,  -entis,  p.   as  adj.,  poor, 

_  needy,  destitute  ;  caring  for. 

Kgeria,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  nymph  of 
Latium  who  became  the  wife  and 
instructress  of  Numa. 

egestas,  -tatis,  [perh.  fegent  + 
tas,  but  more  prob.  fr.  a  stem  like 
milit-  (miles)],  L,  poverty,  want, 
need.  —  Personified,  Warit. 

egi,  perf.  of  ago. 

fgo,  mei,  [cf.  Gr.  tyt£v,  Sk.  aham, 
Eng.  /],  pron.,  I,  me,  myself. 

egoiiiet  [ego-met  (intens.  form  fr. 
pron.  -y/ma)],  pron.,  I  myself. 

egredior,  -gressus,  -gredi,  [ex- 
gradior],  3.  v.  dep.,  -walk  forth, 
come  forth.  —  Esp.,  land,  disem- 
bark. 

egregius,  -a,  -uin,  [e-greg(e)  + 
ius],  adj.,  (out  of  the  herd),  re- 
markable, excellent,  famous,  re- 
nowned, illustrious,  noble. 

f-  --rcssus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  egredior. 

eheu  [?],  interj.,  alas!  ah! 

ei  (hei),  [?],  interj.  of  sorrow,  ah, 
alas. — With  dative:  mihi(«/£  me  /) . 

ela  [?]  interj.,  come  on!  come! 
away  !  on  !  ho  ! 

eieio  (eii-),  eieci,  eieetum,  ci- 
<•(•!•('  (eiic-),  [ex-iacio],  3.  v.  a., 
throw  out,  cast  out.  —  Esp.,  cast 
up  (on  shore  from  shipwreck). 
—  eiectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
thrown  on  shore,  shipwrecked.  — 
In  a  special  sense :  eiecto  armo 
(with  his  leg  thrown  fonvard,  of 
a  horse  falling  in  fight). 

eiectns,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  eioio. 

elabor,  -lapsus,  -labi,  [ex-labor  J, 

3.  v.  dep.,  glide   out,  dart  Jortli, 


slip  away.  —  Poetically,  glide  OH 
(of  the  constellation  of  the  ser- 
pent), unfold  its  length.  —  Fig., 
escape.  — Also  (cf.  ex),  shoot  up 

_  (of  fire). 

elapsus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  elabor. 

elatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  effero. 

Electra,  -ae,  [Gr.  'HAcirrpa],  f.,  a 
daughter  of  Atlas  and  mother  of 
Dardanus. 

electrum,  -I,  [Gr.  ^Ae/crpov],  n., 
amber.  —  electrum  (a  metal  of 
mixed  gold  and  silver). 

Hi-pliant  us,  -I,  [Gr.  f\((pas~],  m., 
an  elephant.  —  Less  exactly,  ivory, 

Kir  us,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  'HAf«os],  adj., 
of  Elis,  Elean.  -r-  Less  exactly,  of 
Olympia,  Olympian. 

Kli-iiM mis,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  'EAti/oi- 
pos],  adj.,  of  EUusis  (the  famous 
seat  of  the  mystic  worship  of 
Ceres),  Eleusiniun. 

Klias,  -adis,  [Gr.  'HAtos],  f.  adj., 
of  Elis. —  Olympian  (cf.  KIcus  . 

elicio,  -licui  (-lexl),  -licit  nm, 
-licere,  [ex-lacio],  3.  v.  a.,  en- 
tice out.  —  Less  exactly,  dra^>  i>i</, 
draw,  draw  </.',v;/. 

elido,  -Hsi,  -lisum,  -lidere,  [ex- 
laedo],  3.  v.  a.,  dash  out,  squeeze 
out,  force  out,  crush.  —  elisus,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  dashed  up,  dash- 

^  ing  (of  spray). 

eligo,  -legi,  -lectum,  -ligere,  [ex- 
lego],  3.  v.  a.,  choose  out,  select, 
choose. 

Elis,  -idis,  [Gr.THA«],  f.,  a  district 
of  Greece  in  the  western  part  of 
Peloponnesus,  famous  on  r.ccount 
of  its  chief  city  Olympia,  where 
was  a  famous  worship  of  Jupiter, 
and  where  the  Olympic  games 
were  held. 

Klisa  (Eliss-),  -ae,  [a  I'hu-nician 
word],  f.,  a  name  of  l>'nl<>. 

elisus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  "f  <'li<lo. 

elleborus  (hel-),  -i,  [Gr.  e\\(&u- 
pos],  m.,  hellebore,  a  medicinal 
plant  used  by  the  ancients  as  a 
specific  for  insanity. 

cloqimim,  -I  (-ii),  [ex-floquimn, 
cf.  couloquiumj,  n.,  eloquence. 


Vocabulary. 


93 


eloquor,  -locntus,  -loqui,  [ex- 
loquor],  3.  v.  dep.,  speak  out,  re- 
late, tell,  speak. 

SlSceS,  -luxi,  no  sup.,  -liicere, 
[ex-luceo],  2.  v.  n.,  shine  forth. 

eluctor,  -tatus,  -tarl,  [ex-luctor], 
I.  v.  dep.,  struggle  out,  force  a  way 
out,  press  out. 

elutlo,  -IGsi,  -lusum,  -lOdere, 
[ex-ludo],  3.  v.  a.,  (avoid a  blow 
/>)'  dodging),  foil,  deceive,  frus- 
trate, mock,  disappoint. 

eluo,  -lul,  -lutimi,  -luere,  [ex- 
luo],  3.  v.  a.,  was/i  out,  luash  off. 
—  Fig.,  wash  away  (atone  for) . 

Klymus  (Hel),  -i,  [?],  m.,aTrojan, 
companion  of  yEneas. 

Klysiuin,  -I  (-ii),  [Gr.  'HA.u<noj/], 
n.,  Elysium  (the  abode  of  the 

_  blessed  dead). 

Klysius,  -a,  -uni,  [prop,  same  word 
as  preceding,  but  used  as  adj.  from 

_  it],  'adj.,  Elysian. 

Kmathia,  -ae,  [Gr.  'HjuoOia],  f.,  a 

_  district  of  Macedonia. 

Kmathion,  -oiiis,  [?],  m.,  a  Ru- 
tulian. 

emensus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  emetior. 

emetior,  -mensus,  -nictirl,  [ex- 
metior],  4.  v.  dep.,  measure  out, 
measure  off,  measure  :  spatium 
oculis;  iter  (travel};  saxa  si- 
deraque  {passed  by). —  emen- 
sus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  in  pass,  sense, 
traversed,  passed  over. 

f-inico,  -cul,  -catum,  -care,  [ex- 
mico],  i.  v.  n.,  spring  out,  leap 
out,  leap  up,  spring  up,  spring 
forth,  bound  forward :  in  currum 
{spring);  equus  {prance). 

emineo,  -nui,  no  sup.,  -nere,  [ex- 
mineo],  2.  v.  n.,  stand  out,  pro- 
ject :  dorso  (rise  with  the  back 
above  the  waves'). 

cminus  [e-manus,  petrified  as  adv., 
cf.  romiuimis],  adv.,  at  a  dis- 
tance, at  long  range,  front  afar. 

emissus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  emitto. 

r-iiiitto,  -iiiisi, -iiiissuin,  -mittorc, 
[ex-mitto],  3.  v.  a.,  send  forth, 
let  go  forth,  let  loose,  hurl,  throw, 
shoot.  —  Pass.,  escape,  go  forth. 


PIIIO,     -mii,      cmptuni,     ernero, 

[-y/em,  take,  cf.  compounds],  3. 
v.  a.,  (take),  buy :  bene  emi  ho- 
norem  vita  (honor  not  too  dearly 
bought  with  life) . 

c mot  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  emoveo. 

emoveo,  -niovi,  -motum,  -1110- 
vere,  [ex-moveo],  2.  v.  a.,  dis- 
place, remove :  cardine  postes 
{force)  ;  emotae  curae  {dis- 
pelled) ;  emota  fundamenta  {up- 
turned). 

eiiiunio,  -munii,  -munituni,  -niu- 
iiire,  [ex-munio],  4.  v.  a.,  fortify, 
protect,  secure. 

en  [?],  interj.,  lo  !  behold! — With 
ace. :  en  quatuor  aras.  —  In  ques- 
tion or  exclamation  with  feeling  of 
surprise,  impatience,  eagerness,  or 
despair  [cf.  ecquis),  ah  !  pray  .' 

enarrabilis,  -e,  [ex-narrabilis,  as 
iffenarra+bilis],  ^indescribable. 

Enccladus,  -I,  [Gr.  'EyKeAaSos], 
m.,  one  of  the  giants,  son  of  Tar- 
tarus and  the  Earth.  He  was  killed 
with  the  thunderbolt  by  Jupiter 
and  buried  under  Etna. 

eniin  [?,  perh.  e  (cf.  en)  -nam], 
conj.,  namely,  for  (explaining  a 
preceding  assertion),  precisely.  — 
The  assertion  is  often  only  im- 
plied :  sed  enim  audierat  {but 
she  was  alarmed  for  her  plan  for 
she  had  heard) ;  mene  iubes  con- 
fidere  ?  quid  enim  {to  you  bid 
i/it:,  &c.?  I  cannot,  for  why,  &c.). 

—  Irregularly    (used   perhaps   on 
account  of  the  metre),  therefore  : 

'    semper  enim  refice. 

Enipeus,  -i  (-eos),  [Gr.  'E^tireus], 

m.,  a  river  of  Thessaly. 
enisus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  enitor. 
eiiiteo,  -tui,  no  sup.,  -tere,  [ex- 

niteo],  2.  v.  n.,  shine  forth,  beam. 

—  Less  exactly,    thrive,  be  bright 
(opp.  to  squaleo)  :  campus. 

enitor,  -iiisus  (-nixus),  -niti, 
[ex-nitor],  3.  v.  dep.,  {come  or 
force  out  by  struggling) ,  climb  up. 

—  Esp.  of  travail,  bring  forth, yean, 
farrow. 

«•  iii x  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  enitor. 


94 


Vocabulary. 


eno,  -avi,  -alum,  -are,  [ex-no], 
i .  v.  n.,  swim  out.  —  Less  exactly, 
of  movement  in  the  air,  float  away. 

euodis,  -e,  [ex-nodo  (weakened) 
decl.  as  adj.],  adj.,  without  knots, 
smooth. 

ensis,  -is,  [?],  m.,  a  sword. 

K  nt  cl  I  us,  -!,[?],  m.,  a  Sicilian  boxer. 

enumero,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ex- 
numero],  I.  v.  a.,  count  out,  re- 
count, enumerate,  rehearse. 

eo,  IvI  (il),  itum,  Ire^y/i  (strength- 
ened)], 4.  v.  n.,  go  (in  all  senses), 
see  various  synonyms  in  English. 

eodem  [eo  (dat.  adv.  fr.  is)  +  dem 
(cf.  idem)],  adv.,  to  the  same 

_  place,  there  (also). 

Kous,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  'H<£os,  adj.  fr. 
'Hciis.  the  dawn~\,  adj.,  of  the  dawn, 
of  the  morning,  Eastern  :  Atlan- 
tides  (the  morning  stars)  ;  fluc- 
tus ;  acies.  —  Masc.  sing.,  the 
dawn,  the  morning,  the  morning 
star:  primo  Eoo  (at  earliest 
dawn).  —  Masc.  plur.,  the  men  of 
the  East. 

Epeus,  -I,  [Gr.  'Eirei(fo],  m.,  the 
inventor  of  the  Trojan  horse. 

Epliyre,  -es,  (-a,  -ae),  [Gr.  "E<£u- 
pTj],  f. :  I.Corinth;  2.  A  nymph. 

Ephyreius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  'E^vprj- 
ios],  adj.,  of  Corinth,  Corinthian. 

Epidaurus,  -I,  [Gr.  'EiriSaupos],  f., 
a  city  of  Argolis,  famous  for  the 
worship  of  yEsculapius. 

Epi rus,  -I,  [Gr.  'Hweipos],  f.,  a  dis- 
trict of  Greece,  on  the  north-east, 
bordering  on  the  Adriatic. 

epulae,  -arum  (-um,  -i),  [?],  f. 
plur.,  a  banquet,  a  feast,  a  festive 
entertainment.  —  Less  exactly, 
food,  viands. 

epulatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  epulor. 

Epulo,  -onis,  [epulo,  a  feaster~\,ra., 
a  Latin. 

epulor,  -iitiis,  -ari,  [fepula-  (or 
-6)],  i.v.  dep.,/2'rt.?/,  banquet:  da- 
pibus  {feast  on).  —  Less  exactly, 
eat :  epulandum  apponere  men- 
sis  (serve  up  as  a  feast,  of  Asca- 
nius). 

Epytides,  -ae,  [Gr.  patronymic  fr. 


_Epytus],  m.,  son  of  Epytus. 

Epytus,  -i,  [?],  m.,  a  Trojan. 

equa,  -ae,  [f.  of  equus],  f.,  a  mare. 

eques,  -itis,  [fequo  +  tus  (re- 
duced)], m.,  a  rider,  a  horseman, 
a  trooper,  cavalry  (collectively). 
—  Plur.,  cavalry,  horsemen,  horse. 

equestris,  -e,  [tequit  +  tris,  cf. 
sylvestris],  adj.,  of  horsemen, 
equestrian  :  cursus. 

Equicolus,  -I,  [t],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 

equidem  [te-(cf.enim)  -quidem], 
adv.  of  asseveration  or  concession, 
surely,  truly,  by  all  means,  no 
doubt,  I  am  sure:  hoc  equidem 
(this  af  leasf)  ;  certe  equidem 
(but  I'm  sure) ;  baud  equidem 
dignor  (/  do  not,  to  be  sure}  ; 
atque  eqidem  (and  in  fact  I  do). 

equinus,  -a,  -um,  [fequo-  (re- 
duced) +  inus],  adj.,  of  a  horse, 
of  horses  :  pecus.  —  Less  exactly, 
of  horse  hair,  horsehair. 

equitatus,  -tus,[tequita  (as  if  stem 
of  equito)  +  tus],  m.,  cavalry. 

equit5,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fequit- 
(as  if  equitS)],  i.  v.  n.,  ride. 

equus  (ecus,  equos),  -I,  [-^/ak-f- 
vas,  cf.  Gr.  Iwiros  (7«/coj),  Sk. 
afvas~\,  m.,  a  horse. 

Erato,  -tus,  [Gr.  'EpareS],  f.,  one 
of  the  Muses.  —  Less  exactly,  muse 
(in  general). 

Erebus,  -I,  [Gr.  yEpfj8os],  m.,  the 
god  of  darkness.  —  Less  exactly, 
the  lower  world,  Erebus,  Hades. 

erectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  eri»-<>. 

ereptus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  eripio. 

Eretum,  -I,  [Gr.  "HpT/Toy],  n.,  an 
ancient  city  of  the  Sabines  on  the 
Tiber  (now  Cretona). 

ergo  [?,  old  case-form  of  unc.  stem], 
adv.  (and  noun  ?).  With  genitive 
preceding,  for  the  sake  of,  on  ac- 
count of:  illius  ergo  (on  /its 
account).  —  Without  noun  as  illa- 
tive particle  (more  logical  than 
itaquc  or  igitur),  therefore,  then, 
consequently. 

Ericetes,  see  Erlohaetes. 

Erichaetes,  -ae,  [Gr.],  m.,  a  Trojan 
warrior. 


Vocabulary, 


95 


Erichthonius,  -i  (-ii),  [Gr.  'Epix- 
0oi/«>s],  m.,  a  son  of  Dardanus  and 
father  of  Tros,  said  to  have  in- 
vented the  harnessing  of  the  four- 

_  horse  chariot. 

Kridanus,  -i,  [Gr.  'HpiSavo's],  m., 
the  Greek  name  for  the  Po. 

erigo,  -rexi,  -rectum,  -rigere, 
[ex-rego],  3.  v.  a.,  set  up  straight, 
raise,  erect,  set  up,  rear  :  malum ; 
fluctus;  scqpulos  (throw  tip). — 
In  pass.,  rise  :  fumus ;  insula.  — 
Esp.,  build :  pyram. 

Erigone,  -es,  [Gr.  'Hpry^nj],  f.,  the 
daughter  of  Icarius,  who  became 
the  constellation  Virgo.  —  Virgo 
(the  constellation  itself). 

erilis  (her-),  -e,  [fero-  (stem  of 
ems,  herns)  +  lis],  adj.,  of  a 
master  (mistress). 

Erinys,  -yos,  [Gr.  'Epivvs'],  f.,  a 
Furv.  —  Less  exactly,  a  fury,  evil 
guilts,  curse. 

Eriphyle,-es,  [Gr.'Ep«^w\rj],f.,  the 
wife  of  Amphiaraus,  who  betrayed 
her  husband  for  a  golden  necklace. 

eripio,  -ripui,  -reptum,  -ripere, 
[ex-rapio],  3.  v.  a.,  snatch  away, 
wrest,  catch  up,  tear  away,  take 
away,  steal,  seize,  rob  one  of  (a 
thing)  :  nubes  (shut  out).  —  Esp. 
from  danger,  &c.,  rescue,  snatch  : 
me  leto ;  fugam  (save  one's  self 
by  flight);  eripite  socii  (save 
yourselves').  —  Pass.,  save  one's 
self,  escape. 

errabimdus,  -a,  -um,  [terra  (stem 
of  erro)  +  bundus],  adj.,  wander- 
ing, roving,  straying. 

erratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  erro. 

erro,  -avi,  -at  um,  -are,  [ ?],  i.  v. n., 
wander,  rove,  stray,  roam  :  Mars 
errat  (battle  hovers'} .  —  Less  ex- 
actly, of  any  irregular  motion,  float, 
creep  (of  a  vine)  :  halitus  (lin- 
ger) ;  manus  (  fly,  of  blows) .  — 
waver,  miss,  wander  (of  the  eyes); 
dexter  (shooting  at  random). — 
orratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  in  pass, 
sense,  wandered  over. 

error, -oris,[A/err(as  if  root  of  erro) 
+  or],  m.,  a  wandering,  turning. 


—  Fig.  of  the  mind ;  a  mistake,  an 
error,    madness,    deceit    (prop,    a 
mistake^  caused  purposely). 

erubesco,  -bui,  no  sup.,  -bescere, 
[ex-rubesco],  3.  v.  n.  and  a.,  red- 
den, blush,  be  ashamed.  —  Act. 
(from  the  signs  of  shame),  respect, 
reverence. 

eructo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ex- 
ructo],  i.  v.  n.  and  a.,  belch  forth. 

erudio,  -IvI  (-ii),  -Itum,  -Ire, 
[ferudi-  (stem  of  ferudis)],  4. 
v.  a.,  train,  teach,  instruct. 

Erulus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  king  of  Prae- 
neste.^ 

erumpo,  -rupi,  -ruptum,  -rum- 
pere,  [ex-rumpo],  3.  v.  n.,  a.,  and 
caus.,  (cf.  rumpo),  cause  to  break 
out,  vent.  —  With  reflexive,  burst 
forth,  break  out,  sally  forth.  —  As 
active  without  reflexive,  break  out 
from,burstoutfrom,breakthroiigh: 
nubem. 

eruo,  -rui,  -rutum,  -ruere,  [ex- 
ruo],  3.  v.  a.,  dig  out,  tear  out, 
tear  up,  undermine,  overturn  (of 
walls  and  the  like). 

erus,  better  spelling  of  herns. 

ervum,  -I,  [perh.  akin  to  opoflos], 
n.,  a  vetch  (a  kind  of  pulse). 

Erycinus,  -a,  -um,  [fEryc  + 
inus],  adj.,  of  Eryx. 

Erymans,  -anthos,  [?],  m.,  a  Tro- 
jan killed  by  Turnus. 

Erymanthus,  -I,  [Gr.  'Epv/juiv6os~], 
m.,  a  mountain  in  Arcadia,  where 
Hercules  killed  the  Erymanthian 
boar. 

Eryx,  -ycis,  [Gr.  "Ept;|] ,  m. :  i.  A 
mountain  of  Western  Sicily,  with 
a  town  of  the  same  name  (now 
SanGiuliano);  2.  A  son  of  Venus, 
killed  by  Hercules  in  a  boxing- 
match. 

csca,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  food,  bait. 

essedum,  -I,  [a  Gallic  word],  n., 
a  war  chariot  (of  the  Gauls). 

et  [akin  to  erj],  conj.,<zW  (stronger 
than  -que  and  weaker  than  atque). 

—  With  correlative  conj.,  et .  . .  et, 
both  .  .  .  and,  and  at  the  same  time 
(omitting  the    first) ;    et  .  .  .  que, 


Vocabulary. 


both  .  .  .  and ;  neque  .  .  .  et,  not 
.  .  .  and,  not .  .  .  but,  not .  .  .  and 
yet ;  et  .  . .  neque,  and  at  the  same 
time  not  (omitting  the  first),  and 
not.  — With  emphasis,  and  that  too, 
and  also,  even,  and  lo  !  and  then. 

etiam  [et-iam],  conj.,  even  now, 
still,  yet.  —  (and  now,  in  addition 
to  what  has  been  stated  before), 
even,  also,  likewise. 

ctiamnum  [etiam-num,  cf.  otiam 
nunc],  conj.,  even  now,  still.  — 
Of  past  time,  even  then,  still,  till 
then. 

EtrOria  (He-),  -ae,  [borrowed 
stem  tEtrus-  (?)  +  ia  (f.  of  ius)], 
f.,  the  country  of  Central  Italy, 
north  of  the  Tiber,  and  west  of  the 
Apennines. 

Etriiscus  (He-), -a,  -um,[tEtrus- 
or  fEtruso-  (whence  Etruria,  for 
fEtrusia)  +  cus],  adj.,  Etruscan, 
Etrurian.  —  Masc.  pi.,  the  Etrus- 
cans. 

etsi,  [et-si],  conj.,  even  if,  although, 
though. 

euans,  -antis,  [as  if  p.  of  feuo, 
fr.  Euan],  p.,  crying  Euan  !  (a 
name  of  Bacchus)  or  Euoe !  — 
orgia  (shouting  the  cry  of  Bacchus 
in  his  orgies}. 

K minifies  (Evantes),  -ae,  [?], 
m.,  a  Phrygian  in  the  Trojan 
ranks. 

Euboicus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Ev£oj/«is], 
adj.,  of  Eubaea  (the  island  east  of 
the  coast  of  Bosotia  and  Attica), 
Eubcean. 

eiihans,  see  euans. 

Euhoe,  see  Euoe. 

Euinedes,  -ae,  [Gr.  Efyu^Sijs],  m., 
a  Trojan  herald,  son  of  Dolon. 

Eumelns,  -I,  [Gr.],  m.,  a  Trojan. 

Euinenidcs,  -um,  [Gr.  Ev/ueWSf  s], 
f.  plur.,  well-wishers,  the  Furies 
(so  called  to  propitiate  them,  or  to 
avoid  the  omen  of  their  name). 

Kiiiiu'iiins,  another  reading  for 
Eiineus,  yEn.  xi.  666. 

Eunaeus,  -i,  [Gr.  Etfprjos],  m.,  a 
Trojan. 

Euoe  [Gr.  EuoT],  inter).,  Evo'e !  (a 


shout  of  joy  at  the  festivals  of 
Bacchus). 

Euphrates,  -Is,  [Gr.  Eu^x£rijy], 
m.,  a  celebrated  river  of  Asia,  ris- 
ing in  Armenia  and  uniting  with 
the  Tigris  near  Babylon.  —  Less 
exactly,  for  the  nations  dwelling 
byjt. 

Europa,  -ae,  [Gr.  Efywim;],  f., 
Europe,  the  continent. 

Eurotas,  -ae,  [Gr.  EfywTas],  m., 
a  river  of  Lacedx-mon,  on  which 
Sparta  stood  (now  Basilipotamo] . 

Ennuis,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  fEfyeior], 
adj.,  of  the  cast  wind  (Eurus).  — 
Less  exactly,  Eastern. 

Eurus,  -I,  [Gr.  ESpos],  m.,  the  south- 
east wind.  —  Less  exactly,  wind. 

Euryalus,  -I,  [Gr.  Efy>i5aA.os],  m., 
a  Trojan,  the  friend  of  Nisus,  killed 
in  an  excursion  through  the  Ru- 
tulian  camp. 

Eurydice,  -es,  [Gr.  EupuSiVr;],  f., 
the  wife  of  Orpheus,  for  whom  he 
descended  into  the  world  below. 

Eurypylus,  -I,  [Gr.  Efy>uiru\oy],  m., 
a  leader  of  the  Greeks  before  Troy. 

Eurystheus,  -el  (ace.  -ea,  abl.  -eo), 
[Gr.  Efy>u<r0€us],  m.,  a  king  of  My- 
cenae, the  enemy  of  Hercules.  It 
was  he  who  imposed  upon  IK-r- 
cules,  by  order  of  Juno,  his  twelve 
labors. 

Eurytides,  -ae  [tEuryto+ des], 
m.,  son  of  Eurvtus  (Clonus,  a  fa- 
mous artist). 

Eurytion,  -onis,  [Gr.  E.vpvrlwi>~\, 
m.,  a  companion  of  /-Eneas,  son  of 

_  Lycaon. 

Evadne,  -es,  [Gr.  E\>dSvij~\,  f.,  the 
wife  of  Capaneus  (one  of  the  seven 
against  Thebes),  who  burned  her- 
self on  the  funeral-pile  of  her  hus- 
band. 

evado,  -vast,  -vasiim,  -vadcrc, 
[ex-vado],  3.  v.  n.  and  a.,  .;••<>  out, 
pass  out,  come  out :  ex  obscura 
silva. —  Esp., get  dr. •'«/!',  ;•-,•/  fiiciiy 
from,  escape :  casus ;  urbes ;  flam- 
mam;  hostes. — With  ace.  (cog- 
nate), puss  over,  pass  through  : 
viam;  spatium.  —  Less  exactly 


Vocabulary. 


97 


(cf.  effero),  go  tip,  mount  Tip, 
asce ml :  ad  superas  auras. 

evalesco,  -lui,  no  sup.,  -lescere, 
[ex-valesco],  3.  v.  n.  incept.,  get 
one's  strength,  grow  strong.  —  Less 

_  exactly,  be  able,  have  the  power. 

Kvander  (-drus),  -dri,  [Gr.  Etiav- 
8pos],  m.,  the  king  of  Pallanteum, 
on  the  Tiber,  who  hospitably  re- 

_  ceived  yEneas. 

Kvandrius,  -a,  -um,  [fEvandro- 
( reduced) +  ius],  adj.,  of  Evan  tier . 
—  Less  exactly,  of  Pallas  (Evan- 

_der's  son). 

Kvaiidrus,  see  Kvaiider. 

evaneseo,  -iiui,  no  sup.,  -nescere, 
[ex-vanesco],  3.  v.  n.  incep.,  van- 
ish away,  vanish. 

evans,  -ant  is ;  see  euans. 

Evas,  see  Kuanthes. 

eveho,  -vex!,  -vectum,  -vehere, 
[ex-veho],  3.v.  a.,  carry  out,  bear 
away.  —  Also  (cf.  effero),  bear 
up,  bear  aloft. 

evonio,  -veni,  -ventum,  -venire, 
[ex-venio],  4.  v.  n.,  come  out. — 
Fig.,  turn  out,  happen. 

eveutus,  -us,  [ex-fventus  (cf.  ad- 
voiitus),  as  if  feven-  (cf.  evenio) 
-f  tus],  m.,  a  result,  an  occur- 
rence, an  issue.  —  More  generally, 
fate,  fortune,  lot. 

everbero,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ex- 
•  verbero],  I.  v.  a.,  beat,  flap. 

eversor,  -oris,  [ex-versor,  as  if 
fevert-  (cf.  everto)  +  tor],  m., 
an  over  thrower,  a  destroyer. 

f'vorsus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  everto. 

everto,  -verti,  -versuin,  -ver- 
tere,  [ex-verto],  3.  v.  a.,  turn 
upside  down,  overturn,  overthrow, 
ruin  :  nemora  (prostrate}  ;  ae- 
quora  ventis  (upturn);  eversum 
saeculum  (debauched). 

evictus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  evinco. 

evincio,  -vinxi,  -vinetum,  -viii- 
cire,  [ex-vincio],  4.  v.  a.,  bind 
up,  bind  around. 

evinco,  -vlci,  -victuni,  -vim-civ, 
[ex-vinco],  3.  v.  a.,  vanquish, 
overcome. 

evinctus,  -a,  -uni,  j>.p.  of  cviiicio. 


eviscero,  no  perf.,  -atum,  -are,  [as 
if  feviscero-  (ex-viscus)  or  fevi- 
sceri-],  i.  v.  a.,  disembowel. 

evoco,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [ex- 
voco],  I.  v.  a.,  call  forth,  call  out, 
summon  :  animas  Oreo  (conjure 

_«/)• 
Evoe,  see  more  approved  spelling 

euoe. 
evolo,    -avi,    -atum,    -are,    [ex- 

volo],  I.  v.  n.,  fly  forth,  fly  out, 
fly  away.  —  Less  exactly,  spring 
out  or  forth. 

evolvo,  -volvi,  -volutum,  -vol- 
vere,  [ex-volvo],  3.  v.  a.,  roll  out, 
roll  forth,  unroll.  —  With  reflex- 
ive, or  in  pass.,  roll,  roll  down. — 
Of  a  scroll,  unroll,  —  hence,  nar- 
rate, set  forth. 

evomo,  -linn,  -mitum,  -mere, 
[ex-vomo],  3.  v.  a.,  vomit  forth, 
cast  up  :  fumum. 

ex  (ec-, -e),  [cf.  e'w,  e{],  prep,  (with 
abl.) .  Of  space,  out  of  (cf.  ab, 
away  from*),  from  :  ex  arbore 
lecta  mala ;  patria  ex  Ithaca 
(of).  —  Of  time,  from,  after,  since, 
ever  since  :  ex  imrjri. —  V\g.,from, 
of:  ex  me  disce;  ex  ira  resi- 
dunt  corda.  —  Partitively  (cf.  ab, 
de,  and  part,  gen.),  out  of,  from, 
of:  nihil  ex  tanta  urbe.  —  Of 
material,  from,  of,  made  of:  pug- 
nam  ex  auro  faciam;  pharetra 
ex  auro.  —  Of  cause,  front,  out  of, 
on  account  of.  —  Of  place  where 
(cf.  ab),  at,  in,  on  :  ex  alia  parte. 

—  Also,  (cf.  de),  according  to,  in 
accordance  with  :   ex  more  ;    ex 
ordine  (in  order). — -In  adverbial 
expressions :     ex   longo   collecta 
(in    a   long   time').  —  In    compo- 
sition (besides  its  literal  meanings), 
fully,    entirely,    very    much     (cf. 
evinco,  ediseo,  exoro,  edurus) . 

exactus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  cxigo. 
exacuo,    -eul,    -cutum,    -cuere, 

[ex-acuo],  3.  v.  a.,  sharpen. 
exacstuo,  -avl,  -atum,  -sire,  [ex- 

aestuo],  I.v.  n.,  boil  up,  foam  up. 

—  Fig.,  boil,  glow,   burn  :    mens 
ira. 


98 


Vocabularv. 


i.exumen,  -inis,  [ex-agmen],  n., 
a  swarm. 

2.  examen,  -inis,  [as  if  fexag-  (cf. 
exigo)  +  men],  n.,  the  tongue  of 
a  balance. 

exanguis,  see  cxsanguis. 

exanimatus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  ex- 
animo. 

exanimis,  -e  (-us,  -a,  -um), 
[ex-fanima-  (weakened),  decl.  as 
adj.],  adj.,  (out  of  breath),  lifeless, 
dead.  —  Also,  breathless  (with  fear), 
half  dead  with,  fear,  terrified. 

exanimo,  -avi,  -a  turn,  are,  [fex- 
animo  (cf.  exanimis,  -us)],  i. 
v.  a.,  kill,  frighten,  terrify. 

exardesco,  -arsi,  -arsum,  -arde- 
scerc,  [ex-ardesco],  3.  v.  n.  in- 
cep.,  blaze  up.  —  Fig.,  of  persons 
and  feelings,  blaze  forth,  burst 
forth,  be  fired,  be  injlamed  :  ignis 
animo  ;  dolor  ;  Allecto  in  iras. 

exaudiu,  -dlvl  (-ii),  -ditum, 
-dire,  [ex-audio],  4.  v.  a.,  hear 
(distinctly  or  from  afar)  :  voces.  — 
With  implied  favor,  hear  and  heed, 
listen  to,  regard. 

exauditus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ex- 
audio. 

excedo,  -cessi,  -cessum,  -cedere, 
[ex-cedo],  3.  v.  n.  (later  a.),  go 
out,  depart,  withdraw  :  regione 
viarum  (leave)  ;  palma  (give 
up);  pestes  (disappear). 

excellens,  -entis,  [p.  of  excello 
as  adj.],  p.,  eminent,  noble  :  cyg- 
num. 

excelsus,  -a,  -um,  [ex-celsus,  cf. 
excello],  adj.,  high,  lofty. 

excepto,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ex- 
capto],  I.  v.  a.,  catch  (up);  take 
in,  snuff  up. 

exceptus,   -a,   -um,  p.p.  of   ex- 


cxcerno,  -crevi,  -cretum,  -cer- 
nere,  [ex-cerno],  3.  v.  a.,  (sift 
out),  separate,  keep  apart. 

excirlium,  see  cxscldiiim. 

excido,  -cidi,  no  sup.,  -cidere, 
[ex-cado],  3.  v.  n.,  fall  out,  fall 
off,  fall  down  :  Palinurus  puppi  ; 
vox  per  auras  (descend)  ;  ore 


nefas  (fall).  —  Esp.,  slip  away, 
escape:  pastoribus  ignis  (get 
away  from  unnoticed)  ;  dolores 
animo  (by  forgetfulness). 

excido,  -cidi,  -risum,  -cidero, 
[ex-caedo],  3.  v.  a.,  cut  out,  cut 
off,  cut  down,  hew  out.  —  I. ess 
exactly,  raze,  lay  waste  (cf.  ex- 
scindo) . 

excindo,  see  exscindo. 

excio  (-cieo),  -ivi  (-ii),  -citum 
and-citum,-cire,[ex-cio  (cieo)], 
4.  v.  a.,  call  forth,  summon. —  Less 
exactly,  call  forth,  produce :  in 
undis  molem  (cause  an  uproar). 

—  Fig.,  arouse,  stir,  excite  :  bello 
reges    (rouse    to    war) :     pulsu 
pedum  tremit  excita  tellus  (of 
the  Earth  half  personified). 

excipio,  -cepi,  -ceptum,  -cipcre, 
[ex-capio],  3.  v.  a.,  lake  out,  take 
up,  take  from  or  after  :  clipeum 
sorti. —  Esp.,  take  next,  succeed '(to 
something),  follow,  receive  next  : 
Romulus  gentem ;  quis  te  casus 
(meets  you).  —  As  a  hunting  term 
(transferred  to  war),  catch,  cut  off, 
overtake,  engage  with  :  caprum ; 
Phalarim  (cut  down) ;  Sucronem 
in  latus  (assail)  ;  incautum 
(catch  unawares) ;  equitem  col- 
latis  signis  (meet  in  conflict) ; 
fig.  in  same  sense :  ipsas  angusti 
terminus  aevi  (overtake) ;  mo- 
tus  futures  (catch  a  hint  of, 
learn). — Of  persons,  receive, 
greet,  welcome,  treat  (in  any  man- 
ner) :  reduces  gaza  agresti  (en- 
tertain); plausu  pavidos;  cla- 
more  socii  (hail,  of  Turnus,  as  he 
came  unexpectedly) ;  caeli  in- 
dulgentia  terras  (Heaven  treat 
with  indulgence).  —  Of  conversa- 
tion, take  up  the  word,  answer,  re- 
ply :  sic  regia  Juno. 

excisus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  jjxcido. 

excito,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ex- 
cito],  I.  v.  a.,  call  out,  call  forth. 

—  Fig.,  arouse,  awaken,  stimulate, 
excite,   alarm:  iras   (call  forth). 

—  In  different  sense  of  primitive, 
raise,  build,  erect. 


Vocabulary. 


99 


excitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  cxcico. 

excitus,  -a,  -11111,  p.p.  of  excio. 

cxcliimo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ex- 
clamo],  I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  cry  out. 

excludo,  -clusi,  -clusiim,  -clu- 
dere,  [ex-claudo],  3.  v.  a.,  shut 
out,  kinder. 

exclusus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  exclude. 

exeolo,  -colui,  -cultum,  -colere, 
[ex-colo],  3.  v.  a.,  cultivate,  im- 
prove (by  tillage). —  Fig.,  culti- 
vate, ameliorate,  civilize,  improve  : 
vitam  per  artes  (adorn  and  i»i- 
frm 

excoquo,  -coxl,  -coctuin,  -co- 
qucrc,  [ex-coquo],  3.  v.  a.,  (re- 
move by  cooking),  boil  away,  roast 
away :  per  ignem  vitium  (burn 
away). —  With  intensive  force  of 
ex,  cook  thoroughly:  terram  (mel- 
low in  the  sun}. 

excretus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  excerno, 
(by  some  assignee!  to  excresco) . 

excubiae,  -arum,  [ex-fcnbia  (cf. 
concubia)],  f.  plur.,  (a  lying  out 
at  night),  a  watch,  guards  :  vigi- 
lum  ( post,  outpost) .  —  Fig.,  of  a 
fire,  sentinel,  watch/ire. 

excubo,  -bui,  -bitum,  -bare,  [ex- 
cubo],  i.  v.  n.,  keep  watch,  keep 
guard  (cf.  excubiae) . 

excudo,  -ciidi,  -cusum,  -cudere, 
[ex-cudo],  3.  v.  a.,  strike  out.  — 
Of  the  effect,  forge :  spirantia 
aera.  —  Less  exactly,  fashion, 
make,  build. 

excursus,  -us,  [ex-cursus,  cf.  ex- 
curro],  in.,  an  excursion,  an  ex- 
pedition. 

excussus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  excutio. 

excutio,  -cussl,  -cussum,  -cu- 
tere,  [ex-quatio],  3.  v.  a.,  shake 
off,  shake  out,  dash  off,  drive  off, 
dislodge,  dash  from,  drive  out: 
toros  (toss,  of  the  lion's  neck 
and  mane)  ;  excussus  Aconteus 
(thrown  headlong')  :  excussus 
curru  (thrown  front) ;  excutior 
somno  (rouse  myself}  \  Teucros 
vallo;  excussi  manibus  radii 
(fell  from,  her  hands)  ;  conceptum 
foedus  (break) .  —  With  change 


of  point  of  view:  navis  excuaaa 
magistro  (robbed of}. 

execror,  see  exsecror. 

exedo,  -edi,  -esum,  -edere,  [ex- 
edo],  3.  v.  a.,  eat  out.  — Less  ex- 
actly, hollow  out,  dig  out,  scoop 
out,  wear  away.  —  Fig.,  destroy.  — 
exesus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
hollow. 

exemplum,  -I,  [?,  ex-femlum 
(ferno-,  reduced,  +  him,  cf.  tern- 
plum),  cf.  eximo],  n.,  a  sample, 
a  specimen. —  More  generally,  an 
example,  a  pattern,  a  model. 

exemptus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  eximo. 

exeo,  -IvI  (-ii),  -itum,  -ire,  [ex- 
eo],  irr.  v.  n.  and  a.,  go  out,  come 
forth,  come,  go :  victima  saeptis  ; 
servitio  (be  freed)  •  amnis  (arise, 
overflow,  empty}.  —  Also  (cf.  ex), 
arise,  rise,  mount:  sterilis  stir- 
pibus  ab  imis  (spring,  of  suck- 
ers) ;  arbos  ad  caelum.  —  Act., 
with  ace.,  escape  from,  escape, 
avoid:  vim  viribus;  tela  cor- 
pore. 

exequiae,  see  exsequiae. 

exequor,  see  exsequor. 

exerceo,  -cui,  -citum,  -cere,  [ex- 
arceo],  2.  v.  a.,  (confine  or  con- 
trol}, keep  busy,  busy,  drive  (to 
labor),  exercise :  femina  famulas 
penso ;  Diana  chores  (lead  the 
dance) ;  exercentur  agris  (reflex., 
labor)  ;  equos  ;  labor  apes  ; 
(agricolam)  cur  a  salicti.  —  Of 
things,  employ,  drive,  work,  man- 
humum  (till};  turbo  quern 
pueri  exercent  (ply  with  blows} ; 
flumina  exercita  cursu  (hurried 
on  their  course} ;  membra  (train). 

—  Of  persons,  worry,  drive,  pur- 
sue, vex,  harass,  torment :  stirpem 
odiis ;  exercite  fatis ;   exercent 
te  irae  ;  exercita  cur  is  Venus. 

—  With  employments  as   objects, 
pursue,  practise,  occupy  one's  self 
with,  ply  :  palaestras  ;    iinperia 
(hold  sway)  ;    balatum    (utter}; 
pacem  et  hyinenaeos  (live  in} ; 
ferrum  Cyclopes;   iraa  (vent); 
vices  (perform  parts}. 


TOO 


Vocabulary. 


exercitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  exercco 

exercitus,  -fis,  [ex  +  arcitus,  as  if 
fexerci  +  tus  (cf.  exerceo)],  m., 
{a  training).  —  Concretely,  an 
army.  —  Less  exactly,  a  band,  a 
flock  :  Phorci  (of  sea-monsters)  : 
corvorum. 

exertus,  see  exsertus. 

oxesus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  execlo. 

ex  halo,  -avi,  -a  turn,  -are,  [ex- 
halo],  I.  v.  a.,  breathe  out,  exhale. 

oxhuiirio,  -hausl,  -haustum, 
haurire,  [ex-haurio],  4.  v.  a., 
drain  out,  drain,  waste,  wear  out, 
exhaust.  —  Fig.,  of  trials  and  the 
like,  undergo,  suffer  :  bella ;  peri- 
cula  ;  satis  poenarum.  —  ex- 
li  an  si  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
drained,  exhausted,  worn  out.  — 
Neut.  plur.,  trials,  sufferings. 

exhaustus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ex- 
haurio. 

exhorresco,  -horrul,  no  sup., 
-horrescere,  [ex-horresco],  i. 
v.  n.  incep.,  shudder  at,  dread. 

exhortatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ex- 
hortor. 

exhortor,  -fat us,  -tarl,  [ex-hor- 
tor],  I.  v.  dep.,  encourage,  spur 
on,  incite,  urge. 

exigo,  -egi,  -actum,  -igere,  [ex- 
ago],  3.  v.  a.,  drive  out,  drive, 
thrust ;  exegit  caecos  rabies  ; 
ensem  per  costas.  —  Also  (cf. 
ago),  pass  (completely),  finish, 
end,  fulfil:  aevum;  exactis  men- 
sibus ;  annos.  —  With  different 
meaning  of  ago  (cf.  2.  examen), 
weigh,  ponder.  —  exact  us,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  discovered,  found 
out.  —  Neut.  pi.,  discoveries  (things 
found  out). 

cxigiius,  -a,  -um,  [ex-faguus,  as 
if  fexig  +  uus,  (cf.  exigo)],  adj., 
weighed,  exact,  (cf.  exigo),  scanty, 
small,  narrow,  slight,  little  :  nox 
{short) ;  vires  {feeble) ;  exigui 
numero  (few,  scanty) ;  ceres 
{thin  cakes). 

exilio,  see  exsilio. 

r\  ilium,  see  cxsiliiim. 

eximius,    -a,    -um,     [ex-femius 


(v/em,  take,  4-  ins,  cf.  eximo)], 
adj.,  {to  be  taken  oztt),  exceptional, 
extraordinary,  select,  remarkable, 
special :  laus. 

eximo,  run,  -emptum,  -imere, 
[ex-emo,  take"],  3.  v.  a.,  take  tiivav, 
remove :  labem  {efface) .  —  Fig., 
destroy :  nulla  dies  vos  {obliter- 
ate your  memory)  ;  fames  ex- 
empta  {satisfied). 

exin  [ex-im  (unc.  case-form  of  is, 
cf.  interim),  cf.  dein,  dehiiio], 
adv.,  =  exinde,  which  see. 

exinde  [exin  +  de,  cf.  indej,  adv., 
{from  thence,  cf.  nine),  then,  ajter 
that,  afterwards.  —  In  a  narration 
(cf.  inde),  then,  next. 

exitialis,  -e,  [fexitio-  (reduced)  + 
alis],  adj.,  destructive,  fatal,  dead- 
ly, ruinous. 

exitium,  -I  (-ii),  [ex-fitium  (fito 
+  ium),  cf.  exeo],  n.,  death.  — 
Less  exactly,  ruin,  destruction, 
bane.  —  Still  weaker,  peril,  mis- 
chief, misery. 

exitus,  -us,  [ex-itus,  cf.  exeo],  m., 
a  going  out,  a  departure,  an  egress, 
an  exit.  —  Esp.,  death,  decease,  end 
(of  life). —  Generally,  issfte  (cf. 
exeo),  event,  result. 

exodl,  -odisse  (-osus),  [ex-odi], 
v.  a.,  abhor,  detest. — ex  osus,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.  in  act.  sense,  hating,  ab- 
horring. 

exoptatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ex- 
opto. 

exopto,  -avl,  atiini,  -are,  [ex- 
opto],  I.  v.  a.,  long  for,  desire 
(earnestly). 

cxordior,  -orsus,  -ordiri,  [ex- 
ordiorj,  4.  v.  dep.,  begin,  under- 
take. —  exorsus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  in 
pass,  sense,  begun,  undertaken.  — 
Neut.,  an  enterprise,  an  under- 
taking, a  beginning,  prelude,  pre- 
amble. 

exordium,  -I  (-11),  [ex-ordium,  cf. 
cxordior],  n.,  a  beginning,  an 
element,  (principle  of  things), 
first  genii. 

exorior,  -ortus,  -orlrl,  [ex-orior], 
3.  and  4.  v.  dep.,  arise,  rise. 


Vocabulary. 


101 


exoro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ex- 
oro],  I.  v.  a.,  implore  (earnestly 
or  successfully),  beseech. 

fxors,  SL-O  cxsors. 

exorsus,  -a,  -mil,  p.p.  of  exordior. 

cxortus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  exorior. 

exosus,  p.p.  of  exodi. 

expecto,  see  exspecto. 

expedio,  -Ivi  (-ii),  -Ituin,  -ire, 
[fexped-  (as  if  expedi-)],  4.  v.  a. 
and  n.,  disentangle  (cf.  impedio), 
get  ready,  prepare,  get  out,  bring 
forth,  extricate.  —  Pass.,  make 
one's  way  (through  difficulties)  : 
manus  (array).  —  Also,  bring  to 
an  end,  accomplish.  —  Fig-,  un- 
fold, describe,  explain,  set  forth. 

expello,  -pull,  pulsiim,  -pellere, 
[ex-pello],  3.  v.  a.,  drive  out, 
drive  away,  dislodge,  beat  back, 
banish :  expulsa  seges  (tiproot- 
ed);  spmnum  (banish). 

expendo,  -pendl,  -pensum,  -pen- 
dere,  [ex-pendo],  3.  v.  a.,  weigh 
out,  weigh.  —  Fig.,  weigh,  ponder  : 
omnea  casus.  —  Esp.(cf.  pendo), 
pay  (ace.  of  penalty),  pay  for  (ace. 
of  crime),  suffer  the  penalty  of, 
•  (as  a  penalty). 

rxpiM-iciitia,  -ae,  [fexperient-  + 
ia],  f.,  experience.  —  From  the  re- 
sult, skill,  knowledge,  sagacity. 

experior,  -pertus,  -perlrl,  [ex- 
tperior,  cf.  comperio,  -pario], 
4.  v.  dep.,  try,  attempt,  make  trial 
of:  laborem  (essay) ;  saxa  Cy- 
clopea ;  procos  priores ;  quid 
virtus  possit ;  avertere  sensus. 
—  Also,  experience,  find  (by  ex- 
perience), come  to  knoii.' ;  in  past 
tenses,  know :  experto  credite 
(one  who  knows)  ;  expertus  (hav- 
ing tried  it) ;  baud  ita  me  (not 
such  have  you  found  me).  —  ex- 
pertus, -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
skilled,  experienced,  skilful. —  Also 
in  pass,  sense,  tried,  proved :  ex- 
pertos  belli  iuvenes. 

expers,  -ertis,  [ex-pars,  decl.  as 
adj.],  adj.,  without  a  share,  free 
from  (in  good  and  bad  SCUM.-), 
destitute. 


expertus,    -a,    -um,    p.p.    of   ex- 

porior. 

explro,  see  exspiro. 
expleo,  -plevi,  -pletum,  -plere, 

[ex-pleo],  2.  v.  a.,  fill  up,  fill : 
oras  floribus.  —  Of  time  and  num- 
ber, fill  out,  complete  :  quinque 
orbes  cursu ;  numerum ;  impe- 
rio  triginta  orbes.  —  Of  the  ap- 
petite, fill,  satiate,  glut,  satisfy  : 
ingluviem  ranis;  expletus  da- 
pibus  (gorged) ;  animum  flam- 
mae  ultricis  ;  mentem  ;  san- 
guine \>oena,s(  fill  the  full  measure 
of  punishment,  &c.). 

expletus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  expleo. 

explico,  -avi(-ul),  -atuin  (-ituiiO, 
-are,  [ex-plico],  r.  v.  a.,  unfold, 
deploy :  cohortes;  frondes  (put 
forth,  unclose).  —  Also  (cf.  ex- 
pedio), unfold,  describe,  express. 

explorator, -oris,[texplora-(stem 
of  exploro)  +  tor],  m.,  a  scout. 

exploro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ex- 
ploro (cry  aloud  ?)],  I.v.  a.,  search 
out,  explore,  reconnoitre  :  urbem; 
portas ;  lupus  insidias  (medi- 
tate) .  —  Less  exactly,  observe,  try  : 
ventos.  —  Poetically  :  robora  i'u- 
mus  (test). — Fig.,  ponder,  con- 
sider, meditate  :  quid  optes. 

expono,  -postil,  -positum,  -po- 
nere,  [ex-pono],  3.  v.  a.,  put 
forth,  put  out,  expose :  expositis 
scalis.  —  Esp.  out  of  a  ship,  un- 
load, disembark,  land,  unlade  : 
pontibus  socios ;  viros  in  undis 
(plunge,  of  an  accidental  break- 
ing up  of  a  ship). 

exporto,  -avi,  -atuin,  -are,  [ex- 
porto],  I.  v.  a.,  carry  out,  bear 
forth,  convey,  bring  out. 

exposco,  -poposei,  no  sup.,  -pos- 
cere,  [ex-posco],  3.  v.  a.,  beg 
earnestly. 

cxpositus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  cx- 
poiio. 

ex  post  us,  -a,  -um,  contr.  p.p.  of 
expono. 

expromo,-prompsi,-promptum, 
-pro mere,  [ex-promo],  3.  v.  a., 


102 


Vocabulary. 


bring  forth  (out  of  the  storehouse) . 
—  Fig.,  speak  out,  utter  :  voces. 

expugn6,  -avi,  -atuni,  -are,  [ex- 
pugno],  i.v.  a.,  take  by  storm, 
sack  :  Spartam  (ravage). 

expulsus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  ex- 
pello. 

exquiro,  -quisivi,  -qulsltum, 
-quirere,  [ex-quaero],  3.  v.  a., 
search  out,  seek  out,  seek,  choose 
out  (with  pains). —  Less  exactly, 
pray  earnestly  for :  pacem  per 
aras.  —  With  different  meaning  of 
primitive,  investigate,  inquire  into. 

exsanguis  (exan-),  -e,  [ex-san- 
guis],  adj.,  bloodless,  lifeless.  — 
Less  exactly,  pallid  with  fear. 

exsatura bills,  -e,  [ex-saturabilis, 
cf.  exsaturo],  adj.,  satiable,  to  be 
satiated. 

exsaturo,  -avi,  -atuni,  -are,  [ex- 
saturo], i.  v.  a.,  satiate  (fully), 
glut. 

exscidium  (exc-),  -I  (-11),  [ex- 
scindoj,  n.,  overihrcn.v,  destruction. 

cxscindo  (exc-),  -scldi,  -scis- 
suni,  -sciiidere,  [ex-scindo], 
3.  v.  a.,  cut  down,  tear  doiun,  over- 
throw, destroy,  raze  to  the  ground. 

exseco,  -secui,  -sectuni,  -secare, 
[ex-seco],  I.  v.  a.,  cut  out. 

exsecror  (exec-),  -atus,  -ari, 
[pass,  (mid.)  of  ex-sacro],  i.  v. 
dep.,  curse. 

exsectus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  exseco. 

exsequlae  (exe-),  -arum,  [ex- 
fsequia  (fsequo  +  ia),  cf.  ex- 
sequor],  f.  plur.,  funeral  rites. 

exsequor(exe-),-secutus, -sequi, 
[ex-sequor],  3.  v.  dep.,  follow 
out  (cf.  exsequlae).  —  Fig.,  fol- 
low out  (commands),  perform, 
execute.  —  Also,  follow  out  (in  de- 
tail), recount,  dilate  on  :  mellis 
dona. 

exsero  (exe-),  -semi,  -sertum, 
-serere,  [ex-sero],  3.  v.  a.,  (dis- 
joint'), thrust  out.  —  exsrrlus, 
-a,  -uin,  p.p.  as  adj.,  bared,  bare, 
projecting :  mamma. 

exserto,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -are, 
[fexserto-  (cf.  exsero)],  i.  v.  a., 


stretch  out,  thrust  out  (cf.  In- 
sero). 

exsertus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  exsero. 

exsilio  (exll-),  -ivi  (-ii),  -sultiim, 
-silire,  [ex-salio],  4.  v.  n.,  spring 
forth,  leap  forth. 

exsiliuin  (exll-),  -i  (-li),  [fexsul 
+  ium,  cf.  exsilio],  n.,  exile. 

exsolvo,  -solvi,  -solutum,  [ex- 
solvo],  3.  v.  a.,  unbind. —  Fig., 
set  free,  release  :  se  (of  a  serpent, 
n> it 'mine'). 

exsomnls,  -e,  [ex-somno-  (weak- 
ened)], adj.,  sleepless,  wakeful, 
watchful. 

exsors,  -rtis,  [ex-sors,  decl.  as 
adj.],  adj.,  without  lot  (cf.  ex- 
pers),  without  a  share  in,  deprived 
of.  — Also,  out  of  the  lot  (i.e.  order 
of  lots),  out  of  course,  out  of  order. 

exspectatns,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  ex- 
specto. 

exspecto  (exp-),  -avi,  -atum, 
-arc,  [ex-specto],  i.  v.  a.  and  n., 
look  out  for,  await,  expect.  —  Fig., 
hope  for,  long  for,  expect.  —  Less 
exactly,  need,  require.  —  Neut., 
linger,  delay.  —  exspectatns,  -;i, 
-um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  expected,  l»n^- 
looked-for :  expectate  Hector. 
—  Neut.,  expectation:  ante  ex- 
spectatum. 

exspiro  (exp-),  -avi,  atum.  -are, 
[ex-spiro],  i.  v.  a.,  breathe  forth, 
breathe  out.  —  Esp.  of  the  last 
breath  or  soul,  expire,  die,  breathe 
out  (the  life). 

exstinctus  (ext-),  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
exstinguo. 

exstlnguo,  -nxi,-nctum,-ii£iicro, 
[ex-stinguo,  punch  out  (?),  cf. 
iiistigo,  etc.],  3.  v.  a.,  put  out  (a 
fire),  quench,  extinguish. —  I-'ig., 
destroy,  kill,  slay,  abolish :  ex- 
stinctus pudor  (lost). 

exsto,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -stare, 
[ex-sto],  I.  v.  n.,  stand  out,  pro- 
ject, appear,  overtop. 

exstructus  (ext-),  -a,  -um,  p.p. 
nf  cxstruo. 

cxstruo  (ext-),  -struxi,  -struc- 
tum, -struere,[ex-struo],  3.  v.  a., 


Vocabulary. 


103 


Innld  up, pile  up,  heap  up,  arrange. 

—  Poetically,   of   a    person,    raise 
up  :  tapetibus  altis  exstructus. 

—  exstrurtus,   -a,  -um,  p.p.  as 
adj.,  high,  raised,  elevated. — Neut., 
a  raised  platform  or  mound  (on 
which  a  general  appeared  before 
his  men,  cf.  suggestum). 

oxsudo  (exu-),  -avi,  -atum,  -are, 
[ex-sudo],  i.  v.  n.,  sweat  out,  ooze 
out,  exude. 

exsul  (exul),  -ulis,  [ex-^sal,  as 
stem  (cf.  praesul),  from  some 
earlier  meaning  of  the  root  or  lost 
association  of  ideas],  comm.  gen., 
an  exile,  a  fugitive. 

exsulo  (exul-),  -Svi,  -atum,  -are, 
[fexsul  (as  if  exsulo-)],  i.  v.  n., 
/v  an  exile,  live  in  exile. 

exsul  to  (exul-),  -avi,  -atum, 
-are,  [ex-sulto],  i.  v.  n.,  leap  up, 
bound,  prance  :  corda  (throb}. — 
Less  exactly,  burst  forth,  boil  up. 

—  Fig.,  bound,  exult,  rejoice,  tri- 
umph.—  exsultaiis,  -antis,  p.  as 
adj.,  exultant,  proud,  triumphant. 

exsuperabilis  (exup-),  -e,  [ex- 
superabilis,  as  if  fexsupera  + 
bills,  cf.  exsupero],  adj.,  sur- 
mountable. 

exsupero,  -avi,  -atum,  are,  [ex- 
supero], I.  v.  n.  and  a.,  tcnver 
above,  overtop,  rise  up,  mount  up. 

—  Fig.,    excel,    overcome,   prevail 
against, gain  the  mastery  :  moras 
{conquer    every   obstacle)  ;     con- 
silium.  —  Also,  pass  over,  pass  by, 
pass  beyond :  iugum ;  solum. 

exsurgo  (cxur-),  -surrexi,  -sur- 
rectum,  -surgere,  [ex-surgo], 
3.  v.  n.,  rise  up  (cf.  evado, 
escendo) . 

exta,  -orum, [  ?,  ex  4-  tus(superl.  of 
ex)],  n.  plur.,  entrails  (the  heart, 
liver,  &c.,  observed  for  auspices). 

I'xtemplo  [ex-templo  (abl.  of  tern- 
plum,  place  of  observation,  cf.  sur 
le  champ),  an  augural  word],  adv., 
forthwith,  at  once,-  on  the  spot,  im- 
mediately. 

extendo,  -teiidi,  -tensum  (-ten- 
turn),  -tender?,  [ex-tendo],  3. 


v.  a.,  stretch  out,spreadoiit,  extend: 
extenditur  antro  (is  stretched  at 
length} ;  moribundum  arena  (Ay)- 

—  Fig.,  continue,  prolong,  length- 
en :    famam   factis ;    cursus.  — 
extentus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
long,  wide,  extended,  extensive. 

extentus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  extendo. 

externus,  -a,  -um,  [fextro-  (in 
exterus,  extra)  +  nus],  adj.,  ex- 
ternal, from  abroad.  —  Esp.  of 
country,  foreign,  alien. —  Ma>c., 
an  alien,  a  foreigner. 

exterreo,  -terrui,  -territum,  -ter- 
rere,  [ex-terreo],  2.  v.  a.,  af- 
fright, alarm,  frighten,  amaze, 
confotind  :  aestu  exterritus  ser- 
pens  {driven  wild}. 

exterritus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ex- 
terreo. 

fexterus,  -a,  -um,  [ex  +  terus, 
comp.  of  ex],  adj.,  external.  — 
Esp.,  foreign,  from  abroad.  — 
Comp.  exterior.  —  Superl.  extre- 
mus  [fextero  +  mas,  or  extra  + 
mus],  farthest,  uttermost,  outmost, 
most  remote,  extreme :  tellus 
{farthest  parts  of};  finis  (the 
very  end}  ;  extrema  in  morte 
(in  the  extremity  of  death}.  —  Of 
time,  last,  final :  anno  (end  of 
the  year}.  —  Of  degree,  uttermost, 
extreme,  lowest,  meanest:  fata 
(final  destiny,  implying  a  forlorn 
hope).  —  Neut.  plur.,  extremities, 
last  measures,  dangers,  sufferings  : 
extrema  secutus  (take  extreme 
measures,  seek  the  last  resort} ; 
pelagi  (perils}.  — Neut. sing,  and 
plur.,  as  adv.,  the  last  time. 

extimesco,  -timui,  no  sup.,  -ti- 
mescere,  [ex-timesco],  3.  v.  n 
and  a.  incept. ,  fear  greatly,  dread, 
be  in  alarm,  be  alarmed. 

extinctus,  see  exstinctus. 

extollo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -tollere, 
[ex-tollo],  3.  v.  a.,  raise  up,  raise. 

—  Fig.,    extol,    laud,  praise    (cf. 
premere,  depreciate) . 

extorqueo,  -torsi,  -tortum,  [ex- 
torqueo],  2.  v.  a.,  wrench  away, 
wrest  from. 


IU4 


Vocabulary. 


extorris,  -is,  [ex-terra  (weak- 
ened), decl.  as  adj.],  comm.,  an 
exile. 

extra  [case  form,  prob.  abl.  of  fex- 
terus],  adv.  and  prep.,  outside, 
without t  beyond. 

extuli,  etc.,  see  effero. 

extundo,  -tudi,  -tusum,  -tun- 
dere,  [ex-tundo],  3.  v.  a.,  strike 
out,  beat  out,  emboss  (cf.  repous- 
ser) .  —  Fig.,  invent,  contrive. 

exubero,  -avi,  -atuin,  -are,  [ex- 
ubero],  i.  v.  n.,  overflow,  abound. 

exul,  see  exsul. 

exulto,  see  exsulto. 

exuo,  -ul,   -utuin,  -uere,  [?,  cf. 

Nnduo],  3.  v.  a.,  ptU  off,  strip  off, 

take  off :   ensem   umero   (take} ; 

cestus.  —  Fig.,  put  off,  put  away  : 


alas ;  faciem ;  mentem.  —  With 
change  of  point  of  view,  strip  off, 
free  from  :  lacertos  (bare} ;  ex- 
uta  unum  pedem  (with,  one  foot 
bare) . 

exuro,  -ussi,  -Ostum,  -nrere, 
[ex-uro],  3.  v.  a.,  burn  up,  con- 
sume, burn  away:  scelus  (purge 
away) .  —  Less  exactly,  scorch,  dry 
up,  parch  :  exustus  ager. 

ex  list  i  is,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ex- 
uro. 

exutus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  exuo. 

exuviae,  -arum,  [ ?,  akin  to  exuo, 
cf.  reduviae],  f.  plur.,  spoil:', 
clothes  (stripped  off),  booty.  —  Less 
exactly,  ret/tains,  relics.  —  Also,  •  i 
skin  (stripped  off),  a  skin,  slougk 
(of  a  snake) . 


F. 


faba,  -ae,  [?,  perh.  remotely  akin 
to  fagus],  f.,  a  bean  (of  no  par- 
ticular, perhaps  several,  species). 

Fabaris,  -is,  [?],  in.,  a  river  flow- 
ing into  the  Tiber  (now Farfaro). 

Fabius,  -I,  (-ii),  [ffaba  (reduced) 
+  ius,  prop,  adj.],  m.,  a  Roman 
gentile  name  borne  by  a  long  line 
of  distinguished  citizens.  —  Esp., 
Q.  Fabius  Maximus,  conqueror  of 
Hannibal.  —  Plural,  the  various 
worthies  of  that  name. 

fabricator,  -toris,  [ffabrica  (stem 
of  fabricor)+  tor],  m.,  aframcr, 
a  contriver. 

fabricatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  fa- 
bricor. 

Fabricius,  -I,  (-ii),  [ffabrico-  (cf. 
fabricor)  +  ius,  prop,  adj.],  m., 
a  Roman  gentile  name.  —  Esp.,  C. 
Fabricius  Luscinus,  the  conqueror 
of  Pyrrhus. 

fabricor,  -a tus,  -arl,  [ffabrico 
(ffabro -)-  cus,  cf.  fabrica)],  i. 
v.  dep.,  fas/iion.  —  Also  as  pass., 
be  framed,  be  fashioned. 

fabrilis,  -e,  [ffabro-  (as  if  fabri-) 
+  lis],  adj.,  of  an  artisan,  mechan- 
ical:  opera  (of  the  forge}. 

facesso,  -cessi,  -cessitum,  -ces- 


sere,  [akin  to  facio,  of  unc.  form], 
3.  v.  a.  and  n.  intens.,  do  (eagerly), 
perform,  execute. 

fades,  -el,  [ffaco  (reduced,  cf. 
beneficus)  +  ies],  f.,  make,  form, 
shape,  fashion.  —  Less  exactly,  ap- 
pearance, aspect,  kind  (cf.  spe- 
cies) ;  hostilis.  —  Concretely, 
form,  per  son  :  faciem  circumdata 
nimbo.  —  Esp.,  face.  —  Also  (cf. 
forma),  beauty  :  insignia  facie. 

—  Also,   a  shape,   an  apparition, 
a  spectre. 

facilis,  -e,  [ffaco-  (cf.  beneficus  < 
+  lis],  adj.,  easy  (both  actively  ami 
passively),  ready,  handy,  active: 
tornus ;  oculis  (glancing  <;iv\, 
quick  glances}.  —  Of  mental  quali- 
ties, good-natured,  ready,  wilting  : 
nymphae  ;  napaeas  (kindly) ; 
facilis  te  sequetur  (willingly}. 

—  Also,    easily  wrought,  flexible, 
pliable,    easily    moved:    fiscina ; 
animi  iuvenum  (impressionable). 

—  Of  things,  passively,  easy  (to  do 
in  any  manner)  :  cursus ;  victus  ; 
trames  ;      labor  ;       descensus ; 
Averni;  iactura  sepulchri  (eas- 
ily borne)  ;  fortuna  {prosperous)  ; 
exitus ;    visu   facilis    (of  gentle 


Vocabulary. 


105 


aspect)  ;  quarentibus  herba  (eas- 
ily found")  ;  fuga  (ready)  ;  pecori 
terra  (favorable,  cf.  iiymplmc, 
etc.,  above).  —  Neut.,  as  adv.,  eas- 
ily, readily,  with  ease. 
fae'io,  feel,  factum,  facere, 
[  yfac  akin  to  V^*]'  3-  v-  a->  Jo 
(abs.  or  with  defining  obj.),  make, 
cause,  execute,  perform  :  quid 
facerem  (what  could  I  do  ?)  ; 
id  facere  possis  (accomplish) ; 
quid  non  faciebat  Amyntas  ?  ; 
et  faciet  (will  do  it);  laetas 
segetes  (produce)  ;  carmina 
(compose);  ex  auro  pugnam 
(carve)  ;  vota  (offer)  ;  iudicium 
(give)  ;  iussa ;  ira  telum  (sup- 
ply) ;  factura  umbram  (afford) ; 
facta  silentia  (secure,  enforce). 

—  With  double  ace.,  or  equivalent 
construction,  make :  te  parentem; 
uno  ore  Latinos ;  unam  utram- 
que  Troiam ;  facta  potens  pro- 
missi.  —  With  clause,  cause,  see  to 
it,  take  care  :  facito  sis  memor  ; 
ut  incipias  (grant)  ;  me  cernere 
(force)  ;    baud  faxo  putent  (7 
warrant  they,  &c.).  —  As  sacrificial 
word,   sacrifice   (with   abl.),   offer 
(with  ace.) :  vitula  (offer a  heifer)  ; 
facimus  (abs.  sacrifice) ;    factus 
hones  (perform).  —  Phrases:  fac, 
suppose;   facio   certum   (certio- 
rem),  inform ;  facio  vela,  make 
sail ;  facio  pedem,  tac&(see  pes). 

—  faetus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  as  adj., 
made,    wrought,  formed.  —  Neut., 
a  deed,  an  exploit,  an  act,  a  fact. 

lactimi.  -I,  [n.  of  p.p.  of  facio], 

see  facio. 

fact  us,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  facio. 
facultas,  -tatis,  [ffacili  (reduced, 

cf.  simultas,  siinul)  +  tas],  f., 

facility,  opportunity,  occasion. 
Fadus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 
faginus,  -a,  -uin,  [ffago+nus], 

adj.,  beechen,  of  beech. 
fagus,  -I  (-us),  [borrowed,  cf.  Gr. 

<J>rj-yos],  f.,  a  beech,  a  beech  free. 
falarica,  see  phalarica. 
faleatus,  -a,  -um,  [tfalc  +  atus, 

as  if  falca  +  tus,  cf.  uuratusj, 


adj.,  armed  with  scythes. —  Lesi 
exactly,  scythe-shaped,  hooked, 
curved. 

Falernus,  -a,  -um,  [unc.  stem 
(Falis  ?,  cf.  Faliscus,  Falerius) 
-j-  nus],  adj.,  of  Falernus  (prop, 
territory  in  Italy,  famous  for  wine), 
falernian. 

Faliscus,  -a,  -um,  [Falis  (?) 
(cf.  Falernus)  +  cus],  adj.,  Fa- 
liscan  (of  Falini,  a  city  of  Etruria). 

—  Plur.,    the    people,    Faliscans  : 
Aequi  Falisci  (the  Aequi  Falisci, 
or  Falisci  of  the  plains  (?). 

fallacia,  -ae,  [ffallac-f  ia],  f., 
deceit,  a  trick,  an  artifice. 

fallax,  -acis,  [-y/fall  (as  if  root  of 
fallo)  -f  ax,  cf.  edax],  adj.,  de- 
ceitful, treacherous, false,  deceptive, 
disappointing. 

fallit,  see  fallo. 

fallo,  -fefclli,  -falsum,  -fallere, 
[y'fal  (for  sphal),  akin  to 
rr^oAAo*  ?],  3.  v.  a.  (rarely  abs. 
without  obj.),  (trip  tip),  -deceive, 
beguile,  cheat,  delude,  ensnare  : 
feras  visco ;  te  Phoebi  cortina  ; 
si  nunquam  fallit  imago;  falle 
dolo  ;  si  fallere  possit  amorem ; 
numen  (swear  by  and  break  the 
oath) ;  te  sententia ;  dextras 
(break  a  pledge) .  • —  Less  exactly, 
disappoint:  spem;  primus  amor 
me  morte.  —  In  pass.,  be  deceived, 
be  mistaken,  mistake  :  nisi  fallor. 

—  Also,    miss,  fail:    longe    fal- 
lente  sagitta  (miss  the  mark). — 
With  cog.  ace.,  assume,  counter- 
feit. —  Esp.,    escape    notice    of,  be 

unknown,  be  hid :  me  fallit  (be 
hid  from,  be  unknown  to).  — 
falsus,  -a,  -inn,  p.p.  as  adj.,  false, 
treacherous,  deceitful,  deceptive, 
groundless,  delusive,  counterfeit, 
imaginary,  unreal :  sol  (mock). 

falsus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  fallo. 

falx,  falcis  [perh.  akin  to  flecto], 
f.,  a  hooked  knife,  a  sickle,  a  scythe, 
a  bill-hook,  a  pruning-knife. 

fiinia,  -ae,  [y^*  (cf.  for)  +  ma], 
f.,  report,  tidings,  fame,  tradition  : 
inanis  {belief) .  —  Esp.  (in  a  good 


io6 


Vocabulary. 


sense),  fame,  reputation,  glory. — 
Less  commonly,  ill  repute  (cf.  fa- 
mosus),  infamy. 

fames,  -is,  [?,  cf.  faba],f.,  hunger, 
famine,  starvation.  —  Fig.,  hun- 
ger, greed:  auri  (thirst). —  Per- 
sonified, Famine  :  male  suada. 

fa  rim  la,  -ae,  [f.  of  famulus],  f.,  a 
maid-servant. 

famulus,  -i,  [famo-  (cf.  Oscan, 
faama,  house)  +  lus,  cf.  -Us],  m., 
a  house-servant,  attendant,  man- 
servant. —  Less  exactly,  an  attend- 
ant (on  a  deified  person). 

fa  IK!  us,  -a,  -um ;  see  for. 

far,  farris,  [?,  cf.  faba],  n.,  grain 
(prob.  a  coarse  species),  spelt  (1). 
— Less  exactly,  meal  (of  the  coarser 
kind,  used  as  an  offering,  mixed 
with  salt)  :  pium. 

farrago,  -inis,  [far,  through  an 
intermediate  stem],  f.,  provender 
(mixed),  a  mash. 

fas,  indccl.,  [y'fa  +  as  (=us),  cf. 
fatiim],  n.,  (command},  right, 
(divine)  law  :  fas  omne  abrum- 
pit  (violate  all  right} ;  fas  im- 
mortale  {privilege  of  divinity). 
—  With  sum  (expressed  or  im- 
plied), allowed,  permitted,  just, 
lawful,  fitting,  right. 

fasc§s,  see  fascis. 

fascino,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [tfe- 
scino-  (stem  of  fasclnum,  ffasci 
+  num,  n.  of  nus),  cf.  fascia,  fas- 
els  ;  the  connection  of  ideas  is  lost, 
but  prob.  through  binding],  I.  v.  a., 
bewitch. 

fascis,  -Is,  [?,  cf.  fascia,  fasci- 
iiuui],  m.,  a  bundle  (tied  up), 
pack.  —  Less  exactly,  a  burden.  — 
Esp.,  plur.,  the  fasces  (the  bundle 
of  rods  with  an  axe,  the  emblem 
of  authority  of  a  Roman  magis- 
trate).—  Fig.,  magistracy,  mili- 
tary power :  populi  (ensigns  of 
power  conferred  •  by  the  people, 
popular  honors). 

faselus,  see  phascl us. 

fastldio,-lvi,-ituiii,-ire,[tfastldi- 
(adj.  akin  to  fast  us,  pride),  cf. 
fastidium],  4.  v.  n.  and  a.,  feel 


disdain,  disdain,  scorn.  (Prob.  de- 
rived from  turning  up  the  nose,  cf. 
fastigium) . 

fastidium,  -i  (-11),  [akin  to  fast  us 
cf.  fastidio],  n.,  disgust,  loathing, 
disdain.  —  Less  exactly,  nausea, 
a  qualm. 

fastigium,  -I  (-ii),  ffastlgo-  (cf. 
fastigo)  +  ium],  n.,  the  top  (of 
any  thing),  a  summit,  a  roof,  a 
peak,  battlements  (of  a  v&\\),  gable 
(of  a  roof ) .  —  Less  exactly,  slope 
or  depth  (of  a  ditch).  —  Fig.,  a 
point  (of  a  narrative) :  summa 
sequar  (touch  the  principal  points). 

fastus,  -tus,  [unc.  root  +  tus,  cf. 
fastidium  and  fastigium],  m., 
pride,  arrogance. 

fatalis,  -e,  [ffato  (reduced)  + 
alls],  adj.,  (belonging  to  fate), 
fated,  (fraught  with  fate),  des- 
tined, appointed.  — fatal,  ruinous, 
destructive. 

fateor,  fassus,  fateri,  [lost  stem, 
perh.  akin  to  fatiscor,  ffatis, 
fatigo],  2.  v.  dep.,  confess,  oivn, 
acknowledge,  admit:  dicto  pa- 
rere  (submit). 

fat  i(  lie  us,  -a,  -um,  [ffato-dicus], 
adj.,  soothsaying,  prophetic. 

fatifer,  -era,  -crum,  [ffato-fer 
(^/fer  +  us)],  adj.,  (  fate-bring- 
ing) ^  fatal,  deadly. 

fatigo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ffa- 
tig5-  (ffati-agus,  cf.  prodigus), 
cf.  castigo],  i.  v.  a.,  tire  out, 
weary  :  equos.  —  Less  exactly,  of 
acts  tending  to  weariness,  wvrry, 
ply,  vex,  harass,  pursue :  terga 
iuvencum  hasta ;  equos  sole 
(worry  in  the  heat) ;  Martera 
(incite  to  war)  ;  diem  noctem- 
que  remigio  (disturb) ;  silvas 
(scour);  metu  terras  (vex); 
socios  (chide)  ;  cervos  cursu 
(pursue  in  chase)  ;  OS  (ply,  of 
a  horse) ;  fluctus  (of  a  ship, 
beat). 

fatisco,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [?], 
3.  v.  n.,  yawn,  gape,  crack. 

fatiim,  -i,   [n.  p.p.  of  for],  n.,  an 
',  i!  response,  decree  (of  fate), 


Vocabulary. 


107 


fate,    destiny.  —  Esp.,    death    (as 

fated). 

fat  us,  -a,  -11111,  p.p.  of  for. 
fauces,  see  faux, 
ffaux,  ffaucis,  [?],  f.  (only  abl. 

sing,    and    plur.),    the   throat,    the 

jaws  :    vox   faucibus   haesit.  — 

—  Less  exactly,  a  narrow  pass,  a 
lie/tie,  the  channel  of  a  river  (prob- 
ably with  a  kind  of  personification) . 

Faunus,  -i,  [-y/fav  (in  faveo)  + 
nus],  m.,  a  sylvan  deity,  patron  of 
shepherds,  identified  with  Pan.  He 
was  supposed  to  be  an  Italian,  son 
of  Picus  and  grandson  of  Saturn. 

—  Less   exactly,   in   plur.,  fauns, 
deities  partly  identified  with    the 
Greek  satyrs,  but  with  less  animal 
characteristics  than  they. 

faveo,  favl,  fautuin,  favere, 
[•y/fav,  perh.  akin  to  -^/(B.,  but 
prob.  through  a  noun-stem,  cf. 
favilla],  2.  v.  n.,  be  favorable, 
favor,  be  propitious :  terra  fru- 
mentis  (be  good  for);  adsis  fa- 
veus  (kindly  aid).  —  As  religious 
expression  with  (or  without)  ore, 
refrain  from  ill-omened  cxpres- 
fii>ns,  keep  religious  silence  :  cele- 
brate faventes  (attend  with  pious 
lips  and  celebrate) ;  favete  ore 
omnes.  —  favens,  -entis,  p.  as 
adj.,  propitious  (see  preceding). 

—  Plur.,  favorers,  partisans  :  cla- 
mor faventum. 

favilla,  -ae,  [akin  to  faveo],  f., 
glowing  ashes,  embers,  cinders, 
sparks. 

favor,  -oris,  [  \/fav  (cf.  faveo)  + 
or],  m.,  favor,  partiality. 

favus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  honey-comb 
(usually  in  plur.) ;  favos  relin- 
quunt  (leave  their  cells} ;  favo- 
rum  cratis  (the  net-work  of  the 
comb) .  —  Less  exactly,  honey  : 
favos  dilue  Baccho. 

fax,  facis,  [  y/fac  as  stem,  remotely 
akin  to  -y/fa  and  y'fau],  f.,  a 
torch,  a  brand,  afire-brand:  in- 
cide  (of  the  wood  "for  torches); 
inspicat  (of  wood  to  serve  as 
matches  or  torches) ;  face  ferro- 


que  (with  sword  and  brand)  ; 
face  vim  ferre  (assail  with 
flames) ;  faces  et  saxa  volant ; 
funereae,  plur.  (the  funeral-torch, 
from  its  use  at  funerals;  also  fig., 
as  a  symbol  of  death) ;  mater 
armata  facibus  (of  Clytemnestra 
in  the  guise  of  a  Fury) .  —  Less 
exactly,  of  a  shooting-star,  a  trail 
(of  fire). 

faxo,  see  facio. 

febris,  -is,  [akin  to  fcrveo],  f.,  a 
fever,  fever. 

fecundo  (foe-),  -avi,  -a  turn, 
-are,  [ffecundo-],  i.  v.  a,  ferti- 
_lize. 

fecundus,  (foe-),  -a,  -um,  [ffe 
(stem  or  root  of  ffeo)  +  cundus], 
•&&}.,%productive,  fruitful,  fertile, 
prolific.  —  Fig.,  fertile,  ingenious: 
pectus.  —  Actively,  fertilizing  : 
imbres. 

fel,  fellis,  [akin  to  Gr.  x°'^°s]>  n.; 
gall.  —  Less  exactly,  of  bitter 
things  :  veneni  (bitter  essence). 
—  tig.,  anger  (supposed  to  be 
connected  with  a  state  of  the  bile, 
cf.  "  melancholy "),  fury,  bitter 
hatred. 

felix,  -icis,  [akin  to  feo,  fecuii- 
dus],  adj.,  fruitful,  productive, 
rich,  prolific  :  limus  ;  sylvae  ; 
oliva ;  Massica  Baccho.  — -  Less 
exactly,  auspicious,  favorable  : 
auspicia  ;  sis  felix  ;  Zephyri 
(favoring) ;  dies ;  hostia. — Pass- 
ively, blest,  happy,  fortunate,  lucky: 
arma  (successful)  ;  animae ;  vi- 
vite  felices  ;  morte  tua. 

femina  (alsofoemina),  [ffe  (stem 
or  root  of  ffeo)  +  miua,  cf. 
a  I  n  11  tu  us,  columua],  f.,  a  wo- 
man.—  Of  animals,  a  female,  a 
mare. 

femiiieus,  (foe-),  -a,  -um,  [ffe- 
mina  (reduced)  +  ens],  adj.,  of  a 
woman,  female,  feminine,  woman- 
ly :  manus ;  nubes  feminea  tegat 
(like  a  woman,  as  a  cowardly 
means  of  defence). 

fomur,  -oris,  [?],  n.,  the  thigh. 

tViK-stra,    -ae,   [?],   f.,    a  windm* 


ro8 


Vocabulary. 


(opening  for  light). — Less  exactly, 
an  aperture,  a  breach  (in  a  wall). 

feiiilia,  (foe-),  -turn,  [ffeno-  (re- 
duced) +  ills,  plu.  of  adj.],  n.,  a 
hay-loft. 

feralis,  -e,  [?],  adj.,  funereal : 
cupressi.  —  Less  exactly,  mourn- 
ful, dismal,  ill-omened :  carmen. 

ferax,  -acis,  [  -^/fer+ax,  cf.  edax], 
adj.,  productive,  fruitful. 

fere,  [?],  adv.,  almost,  nearly, 
about.  — generally,  for  the  most 
part,  usually. 

feretruin,  -1,  [ffere-  (stem  of  fero, 
or  noun-stem  akin)  +  trum,  but 
perh.  borrowed,  cf.  Gr.  ^eperpoi/] , 
n.,  a  bier. 

feriiia,  see  ferinus. 

ferinus,  -a,  -urn,  [ffero-  (je^uced) 
+  inus],  adj.,  of  beasts,  of  a  beast 
(wild). — ferina  (sc.  caro),  f., 
game,  -venison,  &.c. 

ferio,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  ferlre,  [?], 
'  4.  v.  a.,  strike,  beat,  lash  :  terrain 
pede  equus  (paw) ;  velum  pro- 
cella  ;  ora  saxo.  —  Esp.  of  the 
effect,  ivound,  pierce,  kill :  venam 
(open) ;  retinaculo  ferro  (cut, 
sever).  —  Fig.:  aethera  clamor. 
—  Phrase  :  ferio  foedus,  make  a 
treaty  (prob.  from  killing  a  vic- 
tim) . 

feritas,  -tatis,  [tfero  +  tas],  f., 
wildness,  fierceness. 

lenneiituiii,  -I,  [-y/ferv  (in  fer- 
veo)+  mentum],  n., yeast,  leaven. 

fero,  i  n  1 1,  hi  ( ii  in,  ferre,  [  -\/fer, 
cf.  Gr.  <f>tpa,  Eng.  bear,  perf.  -y/tol 
(in  tollo),  p.p.  -y/tla  (collateral 
with  -Y/tol),  cf.  TAfjyui],  irr.  v.  a. 
and  n.,  bear. 

1.  Simply,  bear,  carry,  support, 
•wear :  vix  illam  famuli  (of  a 
weighty  cuirass)  ;  flammas  (torch- 
es); vestes;parmamhastamque; 
esseda  collo  (of  a  horse).  —  Fig. : 
nostrae  secum  omina  mortis ; 
genus incertumdepatre(<-/<7//«) ; 
hanc  spem  tui  {cherish} ;  adver- 
sum  pectus  in  hostem  (wear  a 
stout  heart). —  Fsp.  of  the  body 
and  its  parts,  hold,  turn,  carry  : 


se  talem  Dido  {appear  such); 
sic  oculos  (such  are  the  eyes) ; 
magna  se  mole  (rear  enormous 
bulk);  caput  iuvencus  {hold  its 
head). — With  idea  of  elevation, 
bear,  raise,  rear,  lift :  caelo  capi- 
ta alta  (of  the  Cyclops) ;  subli- 
mem  ad  sidera  Aenean.  —  Fig., 
raise,  extol,  laud:  factis  ad 
aethera  Troiam;  insigni  laude 
Teucros  ;  carmine  facta.  —  Also, 
cf.  tollo,  raise  (a  cry). 

2.  Of  endurance  (as  in  Eng.), 
bear,  endure,  tolerate,  suffer,  su!r 
mil  to,  brook,  put  up  with  :  labo 
rem;   frena  (of  a  horse);    non 
tulit  {could  not  brook). 

3.  With  idea  of   motion,  bear, 
carry,  convey,  bring:  cineres  fo- 
ras ;  stabulis  ignem  (set) ;    ma- 
num   ad   volnus   {put  to,  place 
on) ;  seges  feratur  {transplant}  ; 
equo  ferri  {ride) ;  equis  auriga 
{drive) ;   fertur  equis  {drag) .  — 
Less  exactly,  throw,  aim :   tela ; 
saxum;    plagam.  —  Fig.,    bear, 
bring,  carry,  render,  afford :  prae- 
mia   digna    {bestead)  •    auxilium 
Priamo ;    fama  salutem ;    soni- 
tum  venti  ad  litora ;  vox  fertur 
ad  aures;  carmina   per  orbem 
(spread);  vim  tela  {offer);    le- 
tum ;     gloria    laudem ;    sidera 
caelo  dextra  {set) ;   viam  vento 
facilem  (grant);   fidem  vetus- 
tas  ;  omnia  sub  auras  (disclose)  ; 
sitim   morbosque  (bring,  cause, 
cf.  4).  —  Esp.   of  religious    offer- 
ings and  acts,  bear,  offer,  render, 
perform,  utter :   sacra  ;   absenti 
inferias;   lunoni  preces.  --  I •'.-;>. 
also  of  words,  messages,  &c. :  re- 
sponsa  regi ;  iussa  ;  haec  Asca- 
nio ;    fama   victorem   Pallanta 
{report  that) ;  quae  signa  {show, 
of  prophetic  doves)  ;  casum  por- 
tenta  ( forbade) ;     quae  ferimus 
(what  we  propose) ;   quidve  ferat 
(what  is  his  purpose) .  —  From  the 
last    use,    absolutely,    report,   say, 
tell :    ita  senes  ;    ferebatur  sa- 
crasse;    ferunt  {they  say);    fer- 


Vocabulary. 


109 


tur  (it  is  said} ;  se  de  gente 
Amyci  (boast,  claim).  —  Also  of 
destiny,  ordain,  order,  assign  :  sic 
fata  ;  quid  fortuna  populi ;  ca- 
sus  apibus. 

4.  Of  natural  growth,  bear,  gen- 
erate, produce,  yield,  give  birth  to  : 
mala  quercus  ;  monstra  pontus ; 
me    Troia.  —  Fig.    (but   cf.    3), 
cause,  give,  afford :  taeda  lumen ; 
scabiem  glacies. 

5.  Less  exactly,  of  any  enforced 
motion,  drive,  bear  on,  turn,  lead, 
urge  on  :  flamina  classem ;  fer- 
te   rates    (of  rowers) ;     ferimur 
procella;  illam  impetus  {send)  ; 
caede  ferri   (be  carried  away)  ; 
quos  dolor  in  hostem  (incite)  ; 
in  bella  urbes  (rouse)  ;  feror  in- 
censafuriis(/vrtVzwM  madly  on) ; 
veri  vana  feror  (be  led  on)  •   fa- 
tis  incerta  (be  urged  on)  •  metum 
ad  moenia  {spread  alarm) ;   tur- 
bo   fertur    (whirl    on) ;     prona 
aqua  fertur  {float  down) ;    iter 
(speed  a  course)  ;   gressum  (hold, 
turn)  ;  via  fert ;  signa  ad  spe- 
luncam  ( point)  •   hue  ora  et  il- 
luc  (turn,  cf.  3) ;   caelo  animum 
(in  hope) ;   pedem  domum  (turn 
the  steps) .  —  So  in  special  phrases  : 
manum,  join  (cf.  "  bear  a  hand"); 
pedem,  ply  the  foot  (m  the  dance) ; 
signa,    charge,  join   battle,  move 

forward ;  obvius(obviam),  meet; 
obvia  arma  (meet  the  foe).  —  Esp. 
with  reflexive,  or  in  pass,  with  mid- 
dle sense,  be  borne  on,  be  driven, 
proceed,  rush,  go,  advance :  me 
extra  tecta  (come  forth)  ;  furiata 
inente  ferebar;  sese  obvia  ocu- 
lis  (offer,  shmv) ;  sese  halitus 
(rise) ;  solus  ego  in  Pallanta 
(assail) ;  se  ad  auras  (soar) ; 
saltu  (leap,  spring) ;  quo  feror  ; 
quo  se  ferret ;  ferimur  {-wander, 
cf.  first  examples  under  5). 

6.  Of  motion  from  a  place,  bear 
away,  carry  off  (both  in   bad  and 
good  sense)  :  unda  te  mersum ; 
te   fata  (take  off,  destroy)  ;    ex- 
stinctum   Daphnim    {remove   by 


deatK)  ;  secum  maria  (of  the 
winds) ;  venti  gaudia ;  hiems 
culmum ;  pedum  Antigenes 
(get)  ;  praemia  ferunt  (receive)  ; 
talentum  ferre  (have) ;  aetas 
omnia  (obliterates) .  —  Esp. :  ra- 
pio  et  fero,  pillage  and  plunder. 

—  Less  common  uses,  prob.  conn, 
with  3,  suggest,  prompt :  ita  cor- 
de  voluntas.  —  Orig.   as   a  mer- 
cantile term,  account,  deem,  hold  : 
feretur  fama  levis ;  horrendum. 

—  Of  continuance,  prolong,  per- 
petuate :   vivus   per  ora  feretur 

(immortalize} ;  ludum  in  lucem ; 
fama  nomen  per  annos.  —  fe- 
rens,  -oiitis,  p.  as  '•&&].,  favorable 
(cf.  5)  :  ventus. 

Feronia,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  goddess 
honored  with  a  grove  and  foun- 
tain near  Terracina. 

ferox,  -ocis,  [stem  akin  to  ferns, 
in  6  (cf.  aegrotus)  +  cus  (re- 
duced, cf.  edax,  fclix)J,  adj., 
wild,  fierce,  savage,  spirited  (of 
a  horse),  angry  (of  a  snake). — 
Also,  in  an  indifferent  or  good 
sense,  warlike,  courageous,  exult- 
ant, proud. 

ferratus,  -a,  -um,  [fferro-  (re- 
duced)-f  atus  (cf.  aiiratus)  ], 
adj., iron-shod,  iron-bound,  ironed: 
calx  (spur-bound}  ;  capistra 
(spiked  muzzles)  •  orbes  (iron- 
bound  wheels') . 

ferreus,  -a,  -um,  [fferro  (reduced) 
+  eus],  adj.,  of  iron,  iron  :  seges 
(of  spears)  ;  gens  (the  iron  age}  ; 
vox  (brazen  voice)  •  progenies 
(of  the  iron  age).  —  Fig.,  iron- 
hearted,  inexorable:  iur a  (harsh). 

—  Poetically,  somnus  (iron,  with 
no    awakening)  ;     imber    (iron 
hail). 

ferruginous,  -a,  -um,  [fferrugm 
+  6US],  adj.,  (rusty),  dark  blue, 
dusky.  (Apparently  a  dark  gray 
or  purple,  though  named  from  the 
color  of  iron  rust)  :  hyacinthi ; 
cymba  (of  Charon's  boat). 

fcrrfigo,  -inis,  [stem  akin  to  fer- 
rum  +  unc.  term.,  cf.  caligo],  f., 


no 


Vocabulary. 


iron  rust.  —  Also  (cf.  ferru- 
ginous), a  dark  purple,  dark 
gray  ?,  dark  blue  ?,  a  murky  hue 
(of  the  sun  in  an  eclipse)  :  ferru- 
gine  clarus  Ibera  (the  color  of 
burnished  iron,  purple  ?). 

ferrum,  -i,  [?],  n.,  iron,  steel. — 
Less  exactly,  as  in  English,  of  tools 
or  weapons  of  iron,  a  sword,  a 
ploughshare,  an  arrow,  a  knife, 
an  axe,  the  steel  (as  in  English), 
the  iron  (of  a  spear  or  arrow) : 
cedite  ferro  (the  sword)  ;  ferrum 
lacessere;  absistere  ferro  (ab- 
stain from  war)  ;  amor  ferri 
(love  of  arms).' 

fcrtilis,  -c,  [fferto-  (lost  p.p.  of 
fero)  +  lis  (cf.  fero)],  adj. ,fer- 
tili;,  fruitful,  productive :  seges 
iuvencis;  Ausonia. 

ferula,  -ae,  [?],  {.^fennel. 

ferus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  wild  (un- 
tamed, undomesticated),  unculti- 
vated: capri;  fructus;  montes. 
—  Fig.,  wild,  rude,  savage,  fierce, 
cruel.  —  Also,  in  a  good  sense  (cf. 
saevus),  fierce,  ^varlike,  impetu- 
ous. —  Masc.  and  fern.,  a  wild 
beast,  game  (deer,  &c.),  a  horse. 

ferveo,  -bill,  no  sup.,  -vere,  (also 
-ere,  as  if  fervo),  [ffervo-  (cf. 
fervirtus)],  2.  v.  n.,  be  hot :  fer- 
ventes  rotae  (heated'),  —  boil, 
seethe  (as  waves,  £c.)  :  aequor  ; 
omnia  vento  nimbisque  (seethe 
ami  eddy').  —  Fig.,  be  alive  (of 
busy  action),  be  in  a  turmoil : 
Marte  Leucatem  (in  tJie  tur- 
moil of  war) ;  litora  flammis 
(in  seething  flame)  ;  opus  (be  all 
alive) ;  opere  semita  (teem  with 
busy  work) ;  hostem  caede  (be  on 
fire). 

fervidus,  -a,  -inn,  [ffervo-  (cf. 
ferveo)  -f  dus],  adj.,  hot,  glowing, 
seething.  —  Fig.,  glowing,  fur  ii>  its. 
ardent,  fierv  :  ira. 

fcrvo,  see  ferveo. 

fervor,  -oris,  [y'ferv  (cf.  fer- 
veo)], m.,  heat. —  Y'^.,  fury. — 
Plur.,  summer,  summer  heals. 

Fescciiuimis,  -a,  -uiu,  [fFescen- 


no-  (reduced,  cf.  Porsenna)  + 
inus],  adj.,  of  Fescennia  (a  town 
of  Etruria),  Fcscennine. 

fessus,  -a,  -11111,  [?,  akin  to  fat  is  1, 
adj.,  weary,  tired,  worn  out,  spent, 
exhausted.  —  Poetically  :  naves 
(as  if  personified)  ;  res  (shattered 
fortunes) . 

festiiio,  -avi,  -at  um,  -are,  [ffes- 
tino-],  I.  v.  n.,  make  haste,  hasten, 
—  With  cog.  ace. :  fugam;  iussa. 

festinus,  -a,  -um,  [ffesti-,  in  con- 
festim  (with  lengthened  i,  cf. 
Portunus)  +  nus],  adj.,  hasty, 
in  haste,  speedy. 

festus,  -a,  -um,  [p.p.  of  unc.  root], 
adj.,  festal,  festive,  sacred,  holy  : 
frons;  dies  (festival). 

fetflra  (foe-),  -ac,  [ffetu  (with 
lengthened  u,  cf.  Portunu^  - 
ra  (f.  of  rus)],  f.,  breeding,  bear- 
ing. —  Concretely,  offspring,  in- 
crease. 

fetus  (foe-),  -tus,  [Vfe  (in  ffeo) 
+  tus],  m.,  bearing,  breeding.  — 
Concretely,  offspring,  brood,  litter, 
young.  —  Less  exactly,  fruit,  crop, 
produce. 

fetus  (foe-),  -a,  -um,  [p.p.  of 
ffeo],  as  adj.,  pregnant,  breeding, 
delivered:  vaccae  (after  calv- 
ing) ;  lupa  (with  young) .  —  Fig., 
teeming.  —  Feni.,  pregnant  sheep 
or  goats,  yeaning  animals  (just 
delivered). 

fibra,  -ae,  [?,  pcrh.  akin  to  fihmi  ], 
f.,  a  fibre,  a  filament.  —  Fs]>.,  in 
plur.,  of  the  liver,  parts  (uf  the 
liver),  the  liver. —  Less  exactly, 
tlie  entrails,  the  inwards. 

fibula,  -ae,  [^/ng  +  bula  (f.  of 
bulus),  but  cf.  filum(?)],  f.,  a 
buckle,  a  clasp,  a  brooch. 

fictor,  -oris,  [v/fig('n  finR°)  + 
tor],  m.,  a  fashioner,  a  contriver, 
a  deviser :  fandi  (trickster  in 
speech). 

fietus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  fingo. 

(ill, -Ms  -e,  [fide  +  Us],  adj.  Of 
persons,  faithful,  trusty. —  Of 
tilings,  trusty,  trustworthy. 

Fidena,  -ae,  (also  plur.),  [?],  f.,  a 


Vocabulary. 


in 


town  of  Latium,  five  miles  north 
of  Rome  (now  Castel  Giubileo). 

f  Idens,  p.  of  fido. 

fides,  -ei,  [  v/fid  (akin  to  vdOca)  + 
es],  f.,  faith,  good  faith,  loyalty, 
faithfulness,  honor,  honesty  :  fide 
expertus ;  intemerata  ;  si  qua 
fides ;  cineri  promissa.  —  Also, 
credibility,  trustworthiness,  truth  : 
manifesta ;  nusquam  tuta.  — 
Less  exactly,  the  sign  of  faith,  a 
pledge,  a  promise,  promised  word : 
en  dextra  fidesque ;  accipe  da- 
que  ;  fidem  servare.  —  Trans- 
ferred, confidence,  trust,  reliance, 
belief,  assurance,  hopes :  fides 
pelago;  prisca  fides  facto;  nee 
vana  fides.  —  Personified,  Good 
Faith. 

fides,  -is,  [?,  cf.  Gr.  cr^fSij],  f.,  a 
string  (of  the  lyre).  —  In  plur.,  a 
lyre. 

fido,  fisus,  fidere,  [v^d,  cf. 
fides,  fidus],  3.  v.  n.,  trust,  con- 
fide in,  have  confidence:  terrae 
(of  landing) ;  committere  pug- 
nam  {venture) .  — f  Idens,  -entis, 
p.  as  adj.,  trustful,  confident,  bold. 

fidiicia,  -ae,  [ffiduco  (reduced,  cf. 
caducus)  +  ia  (cf.  fido)],  f., 
confidence,  courage,  trust,  reliance, 
presumption :  generis  {confidence 
in  lineage}  ;  quae  {on  what  his 
reliance)  ;  quae  sit  rebus  {what 
reliance  is  to  be  placed)  ;  rerum 
{confidence  iii). 

fidus,  -a,  -um,  [^/&d  (cf.  fidos, 
fido)  +  us],  adj.,  faithful,  trusty. 
—  Of  things,  trustworthy  :  static ; 
litora;  responsa. 

flgo,  fixi,  fixiiin,  figere,  [-^fig, 
perh.  akin  to  fffyiyyia],  3.  v.  a., 
fasten,  fix  (esp.  by  piercing),  hang 
up  :  humo  plantas  {set} ;  arma 
thalamo  {hang  up)  ;  leges  (hang 
up  tablets,  make  laws).  —  Less 
exactly  and  hg.,fix,  attach,  fasten, 
plant,  set  firmly  :  fixos  tenebat 
oculos ;  in  virgine  voltus  {fix}  ; 
restigia  (plant);  oscula  (im- 
print) ;  dicta  animis  (let  sink 
deeply};  fixa  dolore  (transfixed)  ; 


sub  pectore  taedas  (plant)  ; 
fixum  animo  (a  deep-set  pur- 
pose) .  —  Of  the  process,  pierce, 
transfix,  shoot  (with  spear  or  ar- 
row), hit,  bring  down,  kill:  ve- 
rubus  viscera  {stick  on)  ;  arun- 
dine  malum.  —  f ixus,  -a,  -uni, 
p.p.  as  adj.,  firm,  resolute,  un- 
moved. 

figura,  -ae,  [ffigu-  ( Vfig  +  u>  u 

lengthened  as  in  Portunus)  +  ra 

(f.  of  rus),  cf.  fingo],  f.,  form, 

figure. — -Concretely,  a  shape,  an 

apparition,  a  phantom. 

filia,  -ae,  [f.  of  filius],  f.,  a 
daughter. 

filius,  -I  (-il),  [?,  pern,  akin  to 
ffeo],  m.,  a  son. 

filix,  -icis,  [?],  i.,fern. 

Ilium,  -I,  [?,  perh.  akin  to  fibra], 
n.,  a  thread.  —  Esp.,  the  thread  of 
the  Parcae  (of  life  or  fate). 

fimtis,  -I  (-um,  -I),  [?],  m.  (n.), 
filth,  ordure,  mud,  dung. 

findo,  fidi,  fi ssi i in,  findere,  [?], 
3.  v.  a.,  split,  cleave  :  finditur  via 
cuneis  (a  way  is  cloven) ;  arva 
(crack,  of  the  heat).  —  Fig-,  di- 
vide, separate :  se  via  in  ambas 
pajtes. 

fingo,  finxi,  fictum,'  fingere, 
[Y/fig,  cf.  Oiyyavw,  Eng.  dough~\, 
3.  v.  a.,  fashion  (orig.  of  clay), 
form,  mould,  shape:  tecta  (of 
bees) ;  corpora  lingua  (of  the 
she-wolf,  cf.  "  lick  into  shape  "  of 
the  bear) ;  vitem  (train) ;  cri- 
nem  (arrange,  by  stroking). — 
Fig.,  train,  subdue':  corda  (of 
the  Sibyl) .  —  Transferred  to  men- 
tal action,  frame,  contrive,  devise, 
invent,  fancy,  imagine ;  feign, 
pretend. 

finio,  -I  vi  (-ii),  -I  turn,  -Ire, 
[ffini-],  4.  v.  a.,  limit,  bound,  put 
an  end  to,  end. 

finis,  -is,[?],  comm.,  nn  end,a  limit, 
a  bound. —  Esp.  in  plur.,  borders, 
region,  conn  fry.  —  Poetically,  of 
the  starting-point  of  a  race,  bar- 
riers ;  and  of  the  end,  the  goal. 

finitimus,  -a,  -um,  [tfini  +  timus, 


112 


Vocabulary. 


cf.  maritimus,  intimus],  adj., 
bordering  upon,  neighboring.  — 
Masc.,  a  neighbor  (esp.  in  plur.). 

flo,  see  facio. 

firmatus,  -a,  -um ;  see  firino. 

firmo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [tfir- 
mo-J,  i.  v.  a.,  make  strong, 
strengthen,  fortify  :  ~vvres(foster) ; 
vestigia  {steady) ;  firmata  aetas 
(as  adj.,  matiire  age). —  Fig.,  con- 
firm, ratify,  reassure. 

firm  us,  -a,  -um,  [V^1"  (form  of 
.DIIAR,  hold)  +  mus],  adj.,  steady, 
firm,  solid,  strong,  lasting:  du- 
rissima  vina  (best  keeping). — 
Fig.,  stout,  strong,  abiding,  reso- 
lute :  pectus;  foedus(§-cW,  valid). 

fiscella,  -ae,  [ffisculo-  (reduced, 
cf.  flscus)  +  lus  (ad  dim)],  f.,  a 
basket. 

flscina,  -ae,  [ffisco-  (stem  of  fis- 
cus)  +  na  (f.  of  -nus)],  L,a  basket. 

fissilis,  -e,[tfiss6  +  lis],adj.,  cleave- 
able,  split. 

lissus,  -a,  -um;  see  findo. 

fistula,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  pipe.  —  Less 
exactly,  the  pipe  (of  several  reeds 
joined),  a  shepherd'1  s-pipe. 

fixus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  li.no. 

(hi I) i-ii m,  -I,  [y'fla  (in  flo)  + 
brum],  n.,  a  blast,  a  breeze. 

flagellum,  -I,  [fflagro-  (reduced, 
cf.  ager)  +  lum  (n.  of  lus)],  n., 
a  whip,  a  scourge,  a  lash.  —  Less 
exactly,  a  thong  (cf.  amentum) . 
— -  Poetically,  a  switch,  a  shoot  (of 
a  vine). 

flagito,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ffla- 
gito-(p.p.  of  fflago,  cf.  flagrum, 
flagro)],  I.  v.  a.,  (insist  hotly), 
demand. 

flagrans,  p.  of  flagro. 

Ilagro,  -avi,  -atum,  -arc, 
gro,  stem  of  flagrum 
rum,  n.  of  rus)],  I.  v.  n.,  burn, 
blaze,  glow,  sparkle,  shine.  —  Fig. 
(cf.  ferveo),  glow,  be  active,  be 
vehement.  —  flagrans,  -antis,  p. 
as  adj.,  blazing,  shining,  bright, 
ardent,  glowing,  raging:  genas 
{burning,  with  blushes) ;  voltus 
(beaming). 


flamcn,  -inis,  [ffla  +  men],  n.,  a 
blast,  a  gale,  a  breeze. 

(la  in  MID,  -ae,  [V^aS  (cf-  <£*-«7'") 
+  ma],  f.,  a  Jlame,  afire.  —  Poeti- 
cally, a  fiery  brand,  a  flaming 
torch,  a  blazing  pyre,  a  burning 
altar,  a  blaze  (in  the  heaven),  fire 
(of  vengeance),  fire  or  flame  (of 
flashing  eyes,)  fire  (of  Jove,  the 
lightning} .  —  Fig.  (cf.  ardeo,  fla- 
gro), fire  (of  love,  or  passion), 
love,  passion,  desire,  heat,  fury. 

flammans,  p.  of  flammo. 

Ha  in  mat  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  flam- 
mo. 

flammeus,  -a,  -um,  [tflamma- 
(reduced) +eus],  adj.,_/frry,  flash- 
ing :  Jumina. 

flammo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fflam- 
ma-],  I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  set  on  fire. 
—  Fig.,  inflame,  fire.  —  Neut.,  be 
on  fire,  be  ablaze.  —  flammans, 
-antis,  p.  as  adj.,  fiery,  blazing: 
lumina.  —  flammatus,  -a,  -um, 
p.p.,  inflamed,  infuriated. 

flatus,  -tus,  [^/fla  (in  flo)  +  tus], 
m.,  (a  blowing),  a  breath,  a  blast : 
equorum  (snorting) .  —  Fig.,  from 
the  "  breath  of  scorn,"  pride,  ar- 
rogance, scorn. 

flavens,  -entis,  p.  of  flaveo. 

flaveo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -ere, 
[fflavo-],  2.  v.  n.,  be  yellow. — 
flavens,  -entis,  p.  as  adj.,  yel- 
low, golden,  auburn  :  prima  la- 
nugine  (blooming) . 

flavesco,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -escere, 
[fflave-  (stem  of  flaveo)  +  sco], 
3.  v.  n.,  grow  yellow,  whiten. 

Plavinius  -a,  -um,  [fFlavino- 
( reduced)  +  ius],  adj.,  Flavinian 
(of  a  city  or  region  of  Etruria, 
otherwise  unknown)  :  arva. 

flavus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  yellow, 
golden,  golden-haired,  yellowish 
gray,  pale  green  :  oliva. 

flecto,  flexi,  flcxum,  flectere, 
[unc.  root  +  to],  3.  v.  a.,  bend, 
turn,  plait:  crates.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, turn,  guide :  viam  velis ; 
iuvencos  (drive) ;  iuga  habenis ; 
habenas.  —  With  reflexive  (some- 


Vocalmlary. 


times  without,  cf.  verto),  /urn, 
incline.  —  Fig.,  bend,  influence, 
persuade:  precando  fata(/w;/); 
flectitur  violentia  (is  appeased)  ; 
ilium  purpura  regum  {move,  af- 
fect).—  flex  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as 
adj.,  curved,  tunning,  flexible,  bent. 

fleo,  flevi,  fletum,  flere,  [perh. 
akin  to  fluo],  2.  v.  n.  and  a., 
weep,  shed  tears.  —  Less  exactly, 
mourn,  lament.  —  With  ace.  (cf. 
<loleo),  weep  for,  mourn,  lament, 
bewail:  Anchisen;  me  disce- 
dere  (my  departure). 

fletus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  fleo. 

llctiis,  -tus,  (ffle-  (as  root)  +  tus, 
cf.  fleo],  m.,  a  weeping,  a  witil, 
a  flood  of  tears. 

flexilis,  -e,  [fflexo-flis],  adj.,  flex- 
ible, bending. 

flexus,  -a,  -inn,  p.p.  of  flecto. 

flexus,  -us,  [y'flec  +  tus],  m.,  a 
winding,  bending. 

flictus,  -tus,  [  y'flig  +  tus] ,  m.,  a 
dashing,  clashing  of  weapons. 

floreiis,  p.  of  florco. 

floreo,  -rui,  no  sup.,  -rere,  [fflos 
(for  floseo)],  2.  v.  n.,  blossom,  be 
in  bloom.  —  Fig.,  flourish,  be  in 
prime,  be  prosperous.  —  Also, 
abound  (with  the  accessory  notion 
of  vigor  or  brilliancy)  :  Itala  ter- 
ra viris  (be  strong  in)  ;  studiis 
oti  (be  busy  with). —  Poetically, 
shine,  be  bright:  aere  catervae 
(glitter};  limina  sertis  (bloom). 
—  florens,  -entis,  p.  as  adj., 
blooming,  flourishing,  blossoming. 

floreus,  -a,  -tun,  [fnos  + eus], 
adj.,y?0Wt*ry,  blooming. 

Horns,  -a,  -urn ;  =  floreus,  read 
for  flavus.  .£11.  xiL  605. 

flos,  i loris,  [  -y/flo  +  as,  cf.  Gr.  q>\v<a, 
Eng.  bloont],  m.,  a  flower,  a  blos- 
som.—  Fig.,  the  bloom,  the  prime, 
the  flower  (choicest  part  or  time)  : 
primaevo  flore  (in  the  first  bloom 
of  youtli) ;  flos  virum.  —  Poeti- 
cally, the  down  (of  early  youth,  cf. 
preceding  example). 

fluotuo,  -avi,  -at um,  -are,  [ffluc- 
tu-],  i.  v.  n.,  toss,  ebb  andjlow. — 


Fig.,  ebb  and  flow,  waver,  fluctu- 
ate :  aestu  curarum  (be  tossed  by, 
changing  the  point  of  view)  ;  aere 
tellus  (gleams  with  waves  of  shin- 
ing bronze) ;  ira  intus  {seethe) ; 
amor  irarum  aestu  (alternate 
with  a  tide). 

fluctus,  -us,  [\/flu(g)  (cf-  <"-on- 
flnges)  -f  tus],  m.,  a  wave,  a  tide. 

—  Less  exactly,  the  sea,  water.  — 
Fig.  (as  in  Eng.),  a  wave  (of  pas- 
sion, &c.),  a  tide,  a  flood :  irarum. 

fluens,  -entis,  p.  of  fluo. 

Uncut  um,  -I,   [ffluent-  (cf.  fluo) 

-f-  um  (or  in  its  original  form,  cf. 

argentum)],n.,rt  stream, a  river. 
fluidus,  -a,  -uin,  [ffluo-  (cf.  oir- 

cimifluus)  -fdus],  adj.,  flowing, 

liquid. 
fluito,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ffluito- 

(stem  of  supposed  or  real  p.p.  of 

fluo,  cf.  agito)],  i.  v.  n.,Jlow.  — 

Less  exactly,  float,  drift. 
fliimcn,  -inis,   [  y/flu  (lengthened, 

cf.  numen,  perh.  with   stem   for 

root,    cf.    iluito)  +  men],    n.,    a 

river,  a  stream,  water  (of  a  river) . 

—  Less  exactly,  of  the  river-god, 
of  tears  (flood),  of  sweat,  of  blood. 

fluo,  fluxi,  1 1 1 1  v  u  in ,  fluere,  [  -^/flug 
(flu  with  parasitic  g,  cf.  fruor)], 
3.  v.  n.,flow,  run  :  auro  (of  gold 
in  rivers,  flow  with  golden  sand). 
— Transferred,  of  the  source,  flow 
with,  drif,  run  with  :  ora  tabo ; 
vites  Baccho  (stream  with).  — 
Less  exactly,  of  things  not  fluid, 
flow,  float,  stream,  glide,  pour  : 
olli  ad  regia  (flock) ;  vestis  ad 
pedes.  —  Poetically,  fa!!  loosely, 
fall  lifeless,  droop,  fail.  —  flu- 
ens,  -entis,  p.  as  adj.,  flowing, 
loose,  unrestrained,  luxuriant: 
vites  ;  coma  (dishevelled) .  — 
Uuxus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  as  adj., 
loose,  failing :  res  (feeble power). 

(luviillis,  -e,  [jfluvio-  (reduced)  + 
alis],  adj.,  of  a  river. 

Huviiis,  -i  (-ii),  [ffluo-  (cf.  <lui- 
dus)+  ius],  m.,  a  river,  a  stream. 

—  Less  exactly,  water  (for  irriga- 
tion) . 


Vocabulary. 


flu x us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  fluo. 

focus,  -I,  [perh.  akin  to  foveo], 
m.,  a  hearth,  a  fireplace,  a  chim- 
ney, a  brazier  (small  hearth  for 
fire). —  Fig.,  the  hearth  (as  an 
emblem  of  home),  the  fireside,  the 
household  hearth.  —  Poetically,  a 
pyre,  a  funeral  pile,  an  altar  (the 
brazier  often  being  set  on  a  tripod 
and  used  as  an  altar.  See  A.  &  G. 
Virg.,  Fig.  90). 

fodio,  fdcli,  fossum,  foclere, 
[  -y/fod,  of  unc.  connection],  3.  v.  a., 
dig,  prick,  pierce :  calcaribus  ar- 
mos ;  humum.  —  Also  (as  in 
Eng.),  of  the  result,  dig  (make  by 
digging)  :  cubilia  talpae ;  sub 
terra  larem. 

foecundo,  see  fee-. 

foecundus,  see  fee-. 

foedatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  foedo. 

foede  [abl.  of  foedus],  adv.,  foully, 
horribly,  cruelly. —  Also  (cf.  foe- 
dus), basely,  shamefully. 

foedo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,[ffoed6-], 
I.  v.  a.,  make  hideous,  befoul,  dis- 
figure, lacerate,  spoil :  unguibus 
ora  ;  pectora  pugnis ;  latebras 
ferro  {desecrate,  prob.  with  refer- 
ence to  the  sanctity  of  the  object 
attacked);  ferro  volucres  (cut 
in  pieces).  —  Fig.,  pollute,  defile. 

foedus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  foul, 
fillJiv.  —  Of  moral  qualities,  foul, 
horrible,  dreadful,  base,  vile .  foe- 
dAasaas(»iist'rable  coward*) ;  tem- 
pestas;  ministeria. 

foedus,  -eris,  [V^d  (in  fides, 
strengthened)  +  us],  n.  Of  na- 
tions or  kings,  a  treaty,  a  compact, 
an  alliance,  a  truce. —  Less  ex- 
actly, of  individuals,  a  bargain, 
an  agreement,  a  contract,  a  pledge 
(mutual),  a  compact  (esp.  of  mar- 
riage).—  Also,  a  bond  (ordained 
by  a  superior),  a  Condition,  terms  : 
tyranni  (conditions  imposed  by*)  ; 
certo  foedere  (by  fixed  laics'}  • 
aequo  foedere  amantes  (on  equal 
terms') . 

foemina,  see  fern-,  the  proper 
spelling. 


foemineus,   -a,   -um;    tee   fern-, 

the  proper  spelling. 

foenlle,  see  fen-. 

foetiira,  see  fet-. 

foetus,  -tus ;  see  fet-. 

foetus,  -a,  -um;  see  fet-. 

folium,  -1  (-ii),  [cf.  Gr.  <(>v\\ov~],  n., 
a  leaf(oi  a  tree  or  of  paper) ,  foliage. 

follis,  -is,  [?],  m.,  a  bag.  —  a  pair 
of  bellows,  bellows. 

fomes,  -itis,  [perh.  akin  to  foveo, 
unc.  form],  m.,  dry  fuel. 

f  ons,  fontis,  [unc.  root  +  tis  (re- 
duced)], m.,  a  spring,  a  fountain. 

—  Less  exactly,  water,  pure  wa- 
ter :  Avernus    (late*) ;   irriguus 
(stream*). 

ffor,  fatus,  fari,  [-v/^a»  a^'n  to 
4>7I/i(],  I.  v.  dep.,  speak,  say,  tell, 
relate,  foretell,  .predict.  —  faml  us, 
-a,  -um,  ger.  p.,  to  be  spoken.  — 
Neut,  right  (opp.  to  nefandum). 

—  fando,  ger.,  by  report :  fandi 
doctissima   (in  speech*)  ;    mollia 
f&i\i(  pleasing  to  say).  See  fatiim. 

foras  [ace.  plur.  of  ffora-,  akin  to 
foris],  adv.,  (to  the  doors'),  out  of 
doors,  forth,  out. 

forceps,  -eipis,  [ffor-  (stem  akin 
to  fornax)+  ceps  ( -y/cap  as  stem, 
cf.  princeps)],  m.  and  f.,  tongs, 
pincers. 

fore,  see  sum. 

forem,  see  sum. 

foris,  -is,  l^/for  (akin  to  Ovpa, 
Eng.  door*)  +  is],  f.,  a  door.  — 
Plur.,  doors,  a  door  (double),  the 
folds  (of  a  door).  —  Less  exactly, 
entrance,  opening,  door  (of  a  hive, 
&c.). 

forma,  -ae,  [\/for  (I.  E.  DIIAK, 
in  firuius?)  -f-  ma],  f.,  form,  fig- 
ure, shape,  appearance  :  aratri  ; 
rerum.  —  Esp.,  fine  form  (cf.  fa- 
cics ;,  beauty  :  forma  insignia.  — 
Concretely,  a  form,  figure,  vision, 
apparition.  —  Fig.,  species,  form, 
kind,  nature:  scelerum. 

formica,  -ae,  [unc.  stem  in  i  +  ca 
(f.  of  cus)],  f.,  an  ant. 

formidaf  us,  a,  -um,  p.p.  of  for- 
mido. 


Vocabulary. 


formido,  -dinis,  [fformldo-  (unc. 
stem,  cf.  formido,  perh.  akin  to 
fonnus  ?)  +  o  (cf.  cupido)],  f., 
fear  (generally  violent),  dread, 
terror,  alarm  :  nigra  {awful 
glooni);  formidine  capti  {seized 
with  a  panic).  —  Concretely,  an 
alarm  ?  (a  line  of  feathers  to 
frighten  game). — Personified,  Ter- 
ror. 

forinido,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [ffor- 
mldo-  (cf.  cupes,  cupido,  and 
formido],  I.  v.  a.,  dread. 

formo,  -avl,  -alum,  -are,  [ffor- 
ma-],  I.  v.  a.,  form,  fashion,  build  : 
classem.  — -  Less  exactly,  of  living 
beings,  train. 

formosus  (old,  formonsus),  -a, 
-um,  [fforma-  (reduced) +osus], 
adj.,  beautiful,  lovely  (usually  of 
human  beings).  —  Poetically,  of 
things:  annus ;  pedum;  pecus 
(Ji tint/some). 

fornax,  -acis,  [ffornd-  (reduced), 
akin  to  fonnus,  +  ax],  f.,  a  fur- 
nace (for  melting  metal),  a  forge. 
—  Poetically  (cf.  Aetua  and  ca- 
inina),  of  the  supposed  workshop 
of  Vulcan  in  /Etna. 

fornix,  -icis,  [akin  to  fornax], 
m.,  an  arch.  —  Less  exactly,  of  a 
rock. 

fors,  tfortis,  (abl.  forte),  [  ^/fer  + 
tis  (reduced)],  f.,  chance,  hazard, 
fortune.  —  Nom.  (sc.  est  or  sit, 
tlierc  is  a  chance},  equal  to  an  adv., 
perhaps,  may  be,  possibly.  —  Abl . 
forte,  by  chance,  as  it  happened  : 
ne  forte  {lest  one  should  happen 
to)  ;  si  forte  (if  by  any  chance) ; 
quae  forte  paratae  {happened  to 
be,  &c.)  :  forte  fait  {there  chanced 
to  be)  ;  forte  sua  {by  pure  chance, 
with  perhaps  a  reminiscence  of  the 
etymological  meaning,  cf.  fero). 

forsan  [fors  an,  a  chance  whether, 
cf.  fors  and  forsitan],  adv.,  per- 
haps, it  may  be. 

forsitan  [fors  sit  an,  it  may  l>e  a 
chance  whether,  cf.  fors],  adv., 
perhaps,  possibly,  mayhap. 

fortasse  [  ?,  forte  in  unc.  combina- 


tion,  perh.    sis    (sivis)  ?],    adv., 
perhaps,  possibly,  it  may  be. 

forte,  see  fors. 

fortis,  -e,  [for  forctis,  y'forc  (root 
akin  to  y'for  in  forma)  +  tis] , 
adj.,  strong,  sturdy,  hardy,  vigor- 
ous, stalwart.  —  Of  mental  quali- 
ties, valiant,  brave,  steadfast,  un- 
daunted:  Achates  (a  standing  epi- 
thet, weakened  almost  to  worthy)  ; 
corda ;  pectus.  —  Of  things,  in 
both  senses  above,  stout,  sturdy, 
brave,  valiant  :  facta  ;  rami  ; 
humeri ;  fortia  surgunt  {hardy, 
sturdy) . 

fortuiia,  -ae,  [lost  stem  ffortu-  (cf. 
fors)  +  na  (cf.  Vacuna,  Por- 
tunus)],  f.,  fortune,  chance,  liaz- 
ard,  destiny,  fate :  siqua  super 
fortuna  laborum  est  {necessity 
of  toil).  —  Esp.  in  good  sense, 
good  fortune,  success,  opportunity, 
chance  :  si  modo  sequatur  ;  for- 
tuna fuit  (glory) ;  populi  (in- 
terest) ;  sortitus  fortunam  ocu- 
lis ;  quae  dabatur  {chance  of 
success)  ;  quaecumque . . .  fidesque 
{fortune,  and  hope).  —  In  bad 
sense,  fortune,  fate,  ill  luck  :  mea 
me  victam  docere  dolere.  — 
Half  personified,/^ rtune :  aspirat 
labori ;  fidem  novavit.  —  Fully 
personified,  Fortune. 

fortiiniitus,  -a,  -11111,  p.p.  of  for- 
tuno. 

fortune,  -avl,  -arum,  -are,  [ffor- 
tuna-],  I.  v.  a.,  make  fortunate, 
bless.  — fortiinatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p. 
as  adj.,  fortunate,  blest,  favored 
(by  fortune),  happy. 

Forull,  -orum,  [prob.  dim.  of 
forus],  m.  plur.,  a  Sabine  town 
of  Samnium. 

forum,  -I,  [akin  to  forus,  foris], 
n.,  (an  open  passage  ?),  a  market- 
place. —  Esp.,  the  Forum  (orig. 
market-place  at  Rome,  place  of 
assembly  for  the  people,  and  of  all 
public  business).  —  Fig.,  an  assem- 
bly (of  the  people),  the  people  (as 
a  political  body). 

forus,  -I,  [akin  to  forum,  foris]- 


n6 


Vocabulary. 


m.,  a  gangway  (in  a  ship,  not  ap- 
parently from  one  deck  to  another, 
as  with  us,  but  open  spaces  in  the 
ship  not  occupied  by  the  rowers, 
cf.  forum)  :  laxat  foros  (hold, 
"  standing-room  "  ?)  ;  implesse 
flammis  (decks) . —  Poetically,  cells 
(of  a  beehive). 

fossa,  -ac,  [  y'fod  +  ta,  f.  of  p.p.  of 
fodio,  perh.  with  omitted  noun], 
f.,  a  ditch  (for  defence  or  farming), 
a  dvke,  a  trench. 

fossor,  -oris,  [  y'fod  +  tor],  m.,  a 
ditcher. 

fotus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  foveo. 

fovca,  -ae,  [akin  to  foveo  (?), 
perh.  orig.  a  cellar  to  keep  things 
from  cold,  cf.  the  treatment  of  po- 
tatoes], f.,  a  pit. 

foveo,  f  ovi,  f  otum,fovere,  [ffovo- 
(akin  to  favus,  favilla)],  2.  v.  a., 
keep  -warm,  brood:  progeniem. 
—  Transferred  (perh.  derived  from 
brooding  of  fowls),  embrace,  fon- 
dle, caress,  nurse :  colla  (sup- 
porf)  ;  germanam  amplexa  sinu ; 
hiemem  inter  se  (spend  in  dal- 
liance). —  Fig.,  cherish,  foster, pro- 
mote :  Romanes;  bella ;  hoc reg- 
num  gentibus  esse  (cherish  the 
purpose,  helping  it  on)  ;  famam. 
—  Also,  cling  to,  love  :  humum  ; 
castra  (cf.  "hug  the  fire"). — 
As  medical  term,  foment  (cf.  fo- 
mentiim),  bathe,  treat  (medical- 
ly), apply  (anything  to)  :  ora 
(rinse};  fovens  circum ;  volnus 
lympha. 

fractus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  f  raugo. 

i'raciuim,  see  freiium,  the  better 
spelling. 

IVarnl,  see  frenum. 

fraouo,  see  freno. 

i'ragilis,  -e,  [ffrago-  (cf.  navl- 
fragiis)  +  lis],  adj.,  brittle,  fra- 
gile, frail,  delicate.  —  Also  (cf. 
fragor),  crackling  (of  a  sound 
like  breaking). 

fragmen,  -inis,  [x/frag+  men], 
n.,  a  fragment,  a  broken  picee. 

fragim>ntuin,  -I,  [^/frag+ men- 
turn],  n .,  a  fragment,  a  broken  piece. 


fragor,  -oris,  [x/frag+  or],  m.,  a 
breaking.  —  Of  a  sound  like  break- 
ing, a  crash,  a  dashing,  a  rattling, 
an  uproar,  a  din,  a  sound  of 
mourning  (fr.  the  beating  of  the 
breast,  cf.  plaiigo),  applause  (by 
clapping  of  hands),  a  cracking,  a 
report. 

fragosus,  -a,  -um,  [ffrago-  (re- 
duced, cf.  navifragus)  +  osus], 
adj.,  crashing  (cf.  fragor),  roar- 
ing, noisy. 

fragrans,  p.  of  fragro. 

fragro,  -avl,  no  sup.,  -are,  [ffra- 
gro-  (unc.  root+rus),  cf.  fra- 
gum)],  I.  v.  n.,  smell  sweet. — 
fragrans,  -antis,  p.  as  nA].,  fra- 
grant, S7i>eet  smelling. 

fragum,  -I,  [unc.  root  (cf.  fragro  ) 
+  um],  n.,  a  strawberry. 

frango,   fregi,  fractum,    fi-an- 

gere,  [V^raS]'  3-  v-  a-»  /';v"^'» 
break  up,  break  off,  shatter,  crush, 
pulverize,  crunch.  —  Esp.  of  ships, 
ivreck.  —  Fig.,  break  da-sit,  crush, 
wear  out,  baffle.  —  fractus,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  broken,  shat- 
tered, shivered,  crushed :  cacu- 
mina  ;  vires  ;  opes ;  unda  (break- 
ing) ;  res ;  voces. 

f  rater,  -tris,  [cf.  Qparrip,  cluns- 
man,  Kng.  brother,  -^/fra,  (akin  to 
fer?)  +  ter  (cf.  pater),  m.,  a 
brother. 

fraterims,  -a,  -um,  [ffrater-  (not 
syncopated)  +  nus],  adj.,  of  a 
brother,  a  brother's,  fraternal.  — 
Less  exactly,  of  a  mate  :  fraterna 
morte  (of  a  bullock). 

fraudo,  -avl,  -atiini,  -iiro, 
[ffraud-],  i.  v.  a.,  defraud,  de- 
prive of. 

f raus,  f  raudis,  [akin  to  frustum, 
frustra],  f.,  loss,  discomfiture, 
mischief,  damage:  quis  deus  in 
fraudem  egit  (ruin).  —  Also, 
deceit,  wiles,  a  stratagem,  decep- 
tion, a  trick,  treachery,  wicked- 
ness :  innexa  clienti ;  caeli  se- 
reni ;  fraud!  accomoda  vallia 
(ambuslt)  •  loci  et  noctis  (treach- 
erous advantage). 


Vocabulary. 


117 


fraxiiieus,  -a,  -um,[ffraxin6-  (re- 
duced) +  eus],  adj.,  ashen,  of  ash. 

fraxinus,  -I,  [?],  f.,  an  ask  (cf. 
onius,  the  mountain-ash). 

fremitus,  -us,  [ffremi-  (stem  of 
freino)  +  tus],  m.,  a  roaring,  a 
roar,  a  murmur.  —  Of  many  sim- 
ilar noises,  a  buzzing,  a  neighing, 
(lie  noise  of  battle. 

fremo,  -ui,  -itum,  -ere,  [-y/frem 
(cf.  y3pe';ua>)],  3.  v.  n.  and  a.,  mur- 
mur, roar,  shout,  cry,  howl  (of 
winds),  neigh  (of  horses);  arma 
(cry  for) ;  Euoe  Bacche,  fre- 
mens.  —  Transferred,  of  the  place 
where  noise  is  produced,  resound, 
re-echo :  ululatu  tecta ;  ripae 
undis  (murmur)  •  via  plausu.  — 
Esp.,  murtmtr  assent  or  approval. 
—  Fig.,  (howl  with  rage),  rage, 
rave,  be  wild,  e. \itlt.  —  fremens, 
-entis,  p.  as  adj.,  fierce,  wild, 
spirited  (of  a  horse),  neighing. 

f'roiiior,  -oris,  [frem  +  or  (cf. 
froino)],  in.,  a  murmur,  a  roar. 

frendo,  no  perf.,  fresum  (fres- 
sum),  frendere,  [?],  3.  v.  n., 
^nash  the  teeth. 

frdimtus,  -a,  -mil,  p.p.  of  freno. 

fre  no,  -iivi, -atiim,  -tire,  [ffreno-], 
I.  v.  a.,  curb,  restrain,  bridle. — 
Also  fig.  (as  in  English). —  Poeti- 
cally, of  water,  check,  stay  :  cur- 
sus  aquarum.  —  frenatus,  -a, 
-inn,  p.p.  (or  formed  from  ffreno- 
like  auratus),  bridled,  furnished 
with  bridles. 

frenum  (frae-),  -I,  (pi.  also  -I, 
-oruin),  n.  and  m.,  a  bridle,  a 
bit,  reins :  frenis  immissis  (at 
full,  speed,  cf.  habenae) .  —  Fig. : 
frenum  accipere  (submit  to  the 
rein,  of  a  nation) ;  ea  frena 
furenti  concutit  (with  such  a 
powerful  bit  does  he  curb,  &c.). 

frequens,  -entis,  [orig.  p.  of  lost 
verb,  cf.  fareio,  <£>po<rcra>],  adj., 
crowded,  in  great  numbers,  plenty 
of,  plenteous,  very  many,  very 
much,  numeroiis  :  socii  ;  telis  (a 
shower  of). —  Of  time,  frequent, 
repealed,  constant,  incessant  :  cul- 


tu  (constant) .  —  Fig.,  abounding 
in,  crowded  with,  full  of:  herbis 
campus^ 

frequento,  -avi,  -atum,  -are, 
[ffrequent-],  i.  v.  a.,  c roiod, peo- 
ple, inhabit. 

fretum,  -i,  [?],  n.,  a  strait.  —  Less 
exactly,  the  sea,  a  river. 

fretus,  -a,  -um,  [  y'for  (cf.  forma, 
firmus)+tus,  p.p.],  adj.,  (sup- 
ported by),  relying  on,  trusting  to, 
confiding  in,  by.  means  of. 

fric5,  fricui,  fricatum  (frie- 
tuin),  fricare,  [?],  I.v.  a.,  rub: 
arbore  costas  (rub  the  sides 
against  a  tree). 

frigens,  -entis,  p.  of  frigeo. 

frigeo,  frixi,  no  sup.,  frlgere, 
[ffrigo-  (cf.  frigidus)],  2.  v.  n., 
be  cold,  be  chilled:  vires.  —  fri- 
gens, -entis,  p.  as  adj.,  cold, 
stiff,  lifeless. 

frigidus,  -a,  -um,  [ffrigo-  (cf. 
frigeo)  +  dus],  adj.,  cold,  chill, 
cool,  icy.  —  Esp.  of  death,  fixed  in 
death,  in  the  chill  of  death :  ille 
frigidus  (that  lifeless  body). — 
Less  exactly,  growing  chill  (dyi  ng ) , 
benumbed,  inactive,  slow:  dextera. 

frigus,  -oris,  [  ^/frig  +  us,  cf.  fri- 
geo], n.,  cold,  chill,  frost,  winter, 
coolness, cool  shade.  —  In  plur.,  with- 
out distinction  of  meaning,  frosts, 
cold  blasts. 

froiidator,  -toris,  [ffrond  +  ator, 
as  if  ffrpnda-  (stem  of  supposed 
ffrondo)  +  tor,  cf.  viator],  m., 
a  vine-dresser,  a  leaf-gatherer. 

froudens,  -entis,  p.  of  froiulco. 

frondeo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  fron- 
dere,  [ffrond-  (as  if  frondo-)], 
2.  v.  n.,  pt<t  forth  leaves,  be  in 
leaf:  silvae  (be  in  full  f 
—  frondens,  -entis,  p.  as  adj., 
leafy,  green, springing,  luxuriant : 
hospitia  (leafy  retreats,  hospita- 
ble shade). 

frondesco,  frondui,  no  sup., 
frondeseere,  [ffronde-  (stem  of 
1'roiideo)  +  sco],  3.  v.  n.,  put 
forth  .  out :  virga  me- 

tallo  (spring). 


iiS 


Vocabulary. 


froiideus,  -a,  -um,  [ffrond-f  eus], 
adj.,  leafy. 

fromlosus,  -a,  -urn,  [ffrond  + 
osus],  adj.,  leafy. 

froiis,  frondis,  [?],  f.,  a  leaf, 
leaves  (collectively),  foliage.  —  PL, 
leaves,  foliage  (often  including  the 
branches). 

frons,  frontis,  [cf.  Gr.  o<f>pvs,  Eng. 
brow],  f.,  the  forehead,  the  broiv, 
the  face.  —  Esp.  as  showing  the 
feelings:  spem  fronte  serenat 
(smoothes  his  brow  with  feigned 
hope)  ;  baud  laeta  fronte  (with 
no  cheerful  countenance) . — Trans- 
ferred (as  in  Eng.),  face,  side  : 
sub  adversa  fronte.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, the  horns,  the  head,  the  prow 
(of  a  ship). 

fructus,  -us,  [y'frug  (in  fruor) 
+  tug],  m.,  (perh.  orig.  eating), 
the  enjoying  (of  anything) .  —  Con- 
cretely, {food),  fruit  (more  esp. 
in  later  Eng.  sense,  cf.  fruges, 
grain). 

fruges,  see  frux. 

fruinentum,  -I,  [-v/^ru(s)  (c^ 
fruor  and  fructus)+  mentum], 
n.,  grain.  — -  Plur.,  ears  of  grain. 

fruor,  fructus  (fruitus),  frui, 
[yirug  (cf.  frux)],  3.  v.  dep., 
(orig.  cat?),  consume  (with  notion 
of  cheer  and  comfort) :  parto 
agricolae.  —  Fig.,  enjoy :  luce  ; 
sermone. 

frustra  [case-form  (abl.?)  of  ffrus- 
tro-  (cf.  frustro)],  adv.,  in  vain, 
to  no  purpose,  Tiselcssly,  vainly. 

frustratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  frus- 
tror. 

frustror,  -atus,  -ari,  [ffrustro- 
(with  loss  ?  or  obstacle  ?,  cf .  f  raus)  ] , 
I.  v.  dep.,  disappoint,  deceive  : 
meos  vocatus  {slight)  •  Mantes 
clamor  (/a/7). 

frustum,  -I,  [  Y/frud  (in  fraus)  + 
turn  (n.  p.p.  of  lost  verb,  cutoffl~)~\, 
n.,  a  piece,  a  bit,  a  morsel. 

frutex,  -icis,  [?],  m.,  a  shrub,  a 
bush. 

ffrflx,  frugis,  fruge,  and  plur., 
(strengthened),  as  stem, 


cf.  fruor],  f.,  (orig.  food),  fruit 
(usually  of  the  earth,  cf.  friicf  us  ,, 
grain.  —  Esp.,  meal  (ground  coarse 
for  sacrificing)  :  salsae.  —  Also,  </ 
cake  (baked)  :  medicatae  (of  the 
cake  given  to  Cerberus). 

f  ucatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  fuco. 

Fucimis,  -I,  [fi.  fuco-  (cf.  fucus, 
lichen)  +  nus],  m.,  a  lake  among 
the  Apennines  (now  Logo  di  Ce- 
lano). 

fuco,  -avl,  -at  n  in,  -arc,  [fi.  fu- 
co-], I.  v.  a..,  paint,  dye,  color. 

1.  fucus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  lichen  (of  a 
red  color,  used  for  a  cosmetic  and 
dye)  .  —  Also,  bee-glue. 

2.  fuc.us,  -I,  [Gr.  00/cos],  m.,  a  drone. 
f  uga,   -ae,    [  Y/fug   (cf.   Gr. 


Eng.  bow)  +  a],  f.,  a  flight,  an 
escape.  —  Esp.  of  slaves,  running 
away.  —  Also,  a  running,  spiai,  a 
course.  —  Personified,  Exile. 

fugatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  fugo. 

fugax,  -acis,  [as  if  fug  +  ax,  prob. 
ffuga+  cus  (reduced)],  adj.,//i'- 
ing  (inclined  or  able  to  flee),yf«f^, 
swift,  rapid.  —  Less  exactly,  fly- 
ing (in  act  of  flight),  in  Jlight. 

fugio,  fugi,  fugitum,  fugcrc, 
[  Y/fug,  cf.  Gr.  Qctyw'],  3.  v.  a.  and 
n.,  fly,  escape,  depart,  recede.  — 
Esp.  in  battle,  flee,  fly.  —  Lc--^  ex- 
actly,  of  mere  motion,  fly,  speed, 
rush.  —  Esp.,  escape,  fail  (one). 

—  Fig.,  pass   away,   speed  on.  — 
Act.,  flee  from,  fly  from,   escape, 

fly,  avoid,  refuse. 

fugo,  -avl,  at  n  in,  -arc,  [ffuga-], 
I.  v.  a.,  put  to  flight,  drive  awuy, 
drive.  —  Fig.,  chase,  disperse,  dis- 
pel.^ 

fulcio,  fulsi,  full  um,  fulcirc, 
[?,  Y/fulc],  4.  v.  a.,  prop  up,  sup- 
port, sustain,  secure.  —  fultus, 
-a,  -um,  p.p.,  supported,  lying, 
resting,  secured. 

fulcrum,  -i,  [^fn\c+  crum],  n., 
a  support,  a  prop,  a  post,  a  pillar. 

—  Esp.,  a  post,  a  leg  (of  a  couch)  . 
fulgeo,    fulsi,    no   sup.,    fulgero 

(-ere  as  fr.  fulgo),  [akin  to  Gr. 
<}>\fyca,  yiulg,  cf.  v/flag  (another 


Vocabulary. 


119 


form  of  same  root)],  2.  v.  n., 
gleam,  flash,  shine,  blaze,  glare. — 
fulgeiis,  -eiitis,  p.  as  adj.,  bright, 
gleaming,  glittering. 

fulgd,  see  fulgeo. 

fulgor,  -oris,  [  ^fulg  (cf.  fulgco) 
+  or],  in.,  <i  blaze,  a  Jlash,  a  glit- 
ter. —  Less  exactly,  brightness, 
splendor. 

fulgur,  -urls,  [Vfulg)  P*ob.  fful- 
go  +  rus  (reduced)],  n.,  a  thun- 
derbolt, lightning. 

fulica,  -ac,  [?],  f.,  a  coot  (a  sea- 
bird). 

fullgo,  -inis,  [?,  unc.  stem  +  go, 
cf.  caligo],  f.,  soot. 

fuliiuMi,  -inis,  [-v/fulg  +  men],  n., 
a  thunderbolt  (conceived  by  the 
ancients  as  a  missile  weapon), 
lightning,  a  flash  of  lightning. — 
Poetically,  of  persons,  thunderbolt 
(destroying  agency  in  war). 

fulmineus,  -a,  -uin,  [tfulmin  + 
eus],  adj.,  like  lightning,  flashing : 
Mnestheus  (cf.  fulmeii). 

i'ulmiiio,  -avl,  -atuin,  -sire,  [fful- 
min-],  I.  v.  n.,  lighten,  flash. — 
Poetically  (cf.  fulmen),y/<j.j/i  and 
thunder:  armis  Aeneas. 

fultus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  fulcio. 

fulvus,  -a,  -urn,  [?],  adj.,  tawny, 
yelloiv,  dark, yellow-haired,  orange, 
golden,  auburn-haired. 

fume  us,  -a,  -um,  [ffuma-  (re- 
duced) -f  eus],  adj.,  smoky. 

f  u  in  id  us,  -a,  -uin,  [jfumo  +  dus], 
adj.,  smoky.  —  Less  exactly,  steam- 
ing. 

fumifcr,  -era,  -eruin,  [ffumo + 
fer  ( -y/fer  +  us)],  adj.,  smoke-pro- 
ducing, smokv. 

fiiiiid,  -avl,  -Stum,  -are,[tfumo-], 
I.  v.  n.,  smoke. — Less  exactly, 
steam,  reek  :  sulphure  {emit  a 
sulphurous  vapor);  pulvere  campi 
{be  in  a  cloud  of  dust).  — finnans, 
-antis,  p.  as  adj.,  smoking,  smoky, 
steaming,  reeking. 

f  minis,  -I,  [  ^/f  u  (cf.  Gr.  Ovw)  +  mus 
(cf.  (Jr.  0ujuos)],  m.,  smoke,  steam, 
haze. 

funalis,    -c,    [ffuni-    (reduced)  + 


alls],  adj.,  of  a  rope.  —  Neut.,  a 
torch  (made  on  a  cord). 

fund  a,  -ae,  [akin  to  fundo,  perh. 
Gr.  crfpfvSovTi^,  f.,  a  sling.  —From 
the  shape,  a  net  (thrown  by  the 
hand). 

fundamen,  -inis,  [ffunda-  (stem 
of  I.  fundo)  +  men],  n.,  a  foun- 
dation. 

fundamentum,  -I,  [ffunda-  (stem 
of  i.  fundo)  +  mentum],  n.,  a 
foundation. 

fundator,  -oris,  [ffunda-  (stem  of 
I.  fundo)  +  tor],  m.,  a  founder. 

fuiidatus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  i .  fundo. 

funditus  [ffundo  +  tus,  cf.  divi- 
nitus],  adv.,//-^;«  the  bottom  (cf. 
fuiidus),  from  the  foundation, 
utterly,  entirely. 

fundo,  -avl,  -Stum,  -are,  [ffun- 
do-],  I.  v.  a.,  {set  on  the  bottom"), 
secure,  make  fast.  —  Also,  found, 
build,  establish :  legibus  urbem 
(institute). 

fundo,  fudi,  fusuin,  fundere, 
[  x/fud,  cf.  Gr.  x6""1]'  3-  v-  a-> 
pour,  four  out,  shed:  vina;  la- 
crimas.  —  Of  things  more  or  less 
like  liquids,  pour,  shed, pour  forth: 
lumen;  loquelas;  flores {lavish)  ; 
munuscula  {yield)  ;  tela  ;  equus 
armatos  {send  forth);  vitam 
cum  sanguine.  —  With  reflexive, 
or  in  pass.,  spread,  extend,  be 
spread,  be  shed,  be  scattered,  scatter, 
press  around,  pour  in,  pour  out, 
rush,  flow.  —  Also  esp.,  rout,  put 
to  flight.  —  Poetically,  bring  forth 
(of  a  woman) .  —  waste.  —  From 
the  effect  of  pouring,  throw  to  the 
ground,  lay  low,  prostrate,  slay.  — 
fusus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  scat- 
tered, spread,  dishevelled  (of  the 
hair),  hanging  loosely  (of  the 
beard). 

fiindus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  the  bottom,  the 
foundation  :  imo  fundo  {the  low- 
est depths);  fundo  vertere  (cf. 
funditus) .  —  Also,  perh.  by  a 
mercantile  or  political  connection 
of  ideas,  a  farm,  an  estate. 

funcreus,  -a,  -uin,  [ffuner-  (for 


I2O 


Vocabulary. 


funcs)  +  eus],  adj.,  of  death,  fu- 
nereal, funeral :  faces  (cf.  fax, 
flamma);  frons  {dark,  in  sign 
of  mourning) . 

funestus,  -a,  -urn,  [ffunes-  (cf. 
funus)  +  tus,  cf.  funereus],  adj., 
of  death,  deadly,  fatal. 

fungor,  functus,  fungi,  [^/fung, 
of  unc.  kindred],  3.  v.  dep.,  per- 
form, discharge. 

fuiigus,  -I,  [Gr.  o-tydyyos'],  m.,  a 
mushroom.  —  Also,  an  excrescence 
(in  a  candle). 

fun  is,  -is,  [?],  m.,  a  rope,  a  cord. 

funus,  -cris,  [?,  perh.  root  akin  to 
<t>6vos  (cf.  <t>oii/6s)  +  us],  n.,  mur- 
der, killing,  slaughter,  havoc. — 
Also,  death.  —  Concretely,  a  corpse, 
a  funeral,  funeral  rites,  a  fune- 
ral pile,  a  funeral  train. 

fuo,  see  sum. 

fur,  furis,  [x/fur  (strengthened) 
as  stem,  cf.  (ptap^,  comm.,  a  thief. 

furatiis,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  furor. 

ffirca,  -ae,  [?,  poss.  fur  +  ca  (f.  of 
cus],  f.,  a  fork-shaped  pole,  a 
"crotch"  a  prop  (for  vines). 
(Elsewhere  a  "V '-shaped yoke,  used 
for  the  punishment  of  slaves,  which 
may  be  the  orig.  meaning.) 

furens,    p.  of  furo. 

ftiria,  -ae,  [V^ur  (cf-  furo)  +  ia 
(f.  of  ius),  perh.  through  an  inter- 
mediate stem],  f.,  usually  plur., 
rage,  madness,  fury,  frenzy,  wrath: 
iustae ;  furiis  agitatus  amor ; 
furiis  incensa  (accensas).  — 
Less  exactly,  of  the  winds,  furyt — 
Personified,  a  Fury  (goddesses  of 
divine  vengeance).  —  Also  of  the 
1  larpies.  —  Poetically  (half  per- 
sonilied),  remorse:  scelerum. 

furialis,  -c,  [ffuria  +  lis],  adj.,  of 
a  fury.  —  Less  exactly,  madden- 
ing, exciting  to  frenzy. 

I'u  rial  us,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  furio. 

furibundus,  -a,  -um,  [ffuri-  (stem 
of  furo)  -fbundus],  adj.,  mud, 
furious,  frenzied. 

furio,  -avi,  -a  turn,  -are,[tfuria-], 


I.  v.'a.,  drive  mad,  madden,  infu- 
riate.—  furiatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p. 
as  adj.,  frenzied,  frantic,  infu- 
riated. 

furo,  -ul,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [-v/fur.  of 
unc.  kindred],  3.  v.  n.,  rag,;  ran; 
be  crazed :  turba ;  equus  ictu  ; 
furor  em  {spend  rage).  —  Fig., 
rage,  seethe,  do  anything  wildly 
(according  to  context) :  aestus 
ad  auras  (rise  wildly);  vis 
aquae ;  febris.  —  furens,  -cut  is, 
p.  as  adj.,  distracted,  passion- 
stricken,  inspired,  raging,  furious, 
raving. 

furor,  at  us,  -ari,  [ffur-],  i.  v. 
dep.,  steal,  get  by  stealth.  —  Fig., 
steal :  fessos  oculos  labori. 

furor,  -oris,  [-x/fur  +  or],  m.,  fu- 
ry, madness,  rage,  raving.  • —  Ksp. 
of  love,  frenzy,  fury,  passion, 
craze.  —  Concretely  (cf.  amor), 
passion  (an  object  of),  an  act  of 
madness.  —  Personified,  Rage. 

furtim  [ffur  +  tim,  as  if  -v/fur  + 
tis  in  ace.],  adv.,  by  stealth,  se- 
cretly, stealthily. 

furtivus,  -a,  -um,  [ffurti-  (cf. 
furtim)  +  vus,  perh.  immediate- 
ly fr.  ffur]>  adj.,  stealthy.  —  Less 
exactly,  secret,  hidden  :  quem  fur- 
tivum  edidit  (secretly). 

fiirtum,  -I,  [ffur-  (as  root)  +  turn 
(n.  of  tus)],  n.,  theft,  stealth. — 
Less  exactly,  and  tig.,  di-ci-it, 
stealth,  craft,  concealment,  a  trick, 
a  stratagem,  an  artifice :  belli 
{ambush).  —  Poetically,  clandt-s- 
tine  love :  furto  fervidus  instat 
(unseen  slaughter). 

fiisciis,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  dusky, 
dark. 

1.  i'hsiis,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  fuiirto. 

2.  fiisus,  -i,  [  ?,  perh.  same  as  i.  fu- 
sus],  m.,  a  spindle. 

futilis  (futt-),  -e,  [ffuto-  (cf.  fu- 
tio),  ^/faA.  in  fundo],  adj., 
(leaky),  brittle:  glacies.  —  Fig., 
weak,  foolish. 

fut  urns,  -a,  -um,  f.p.  of  sum. 


Vocabulary. 


121 


G. 


Gabii,  -oruin,  [?],  m.  plur.,  a 
town  of  Latium,  once  populous 
and  important,  but  early  destroyed, 
between  Rome  and  Pneneste, 
famous  for  the  worship  of  Juno. 

Gabinus,  -a,  -um,  [fGabio-  (or 
simpler  form)  +  inus],  adj.,  of 
Gabii :  cinctus  (the  Gabine  cos- 
tume, a  peculiar  arrangement  of 
the  toga  used  in  some  rites.  The 
right  end  of  the  toga,  instead  of 
being  thrown  over  the  left  shoul- 
der as  usual,  was  brought  round 
the  body  and  thrown  forward  over 
the  right  so  as  to  hang  in  front). 

garsum,  -i,  [prob.  Gallic],  n.,  a 
javelin  (long  and  heavy,  used  by 
the  Gauls). 

Gactulus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  Ga- 
tulian,  of  the  Gtrttili  (a  nation  of 
Africa,  now  Morocco}.  —  Masc. 
plur.,  the  Gcelttli  (the  people  of 
the  nation) .  —  Less  exactly,  Af- 
rican. 

Galacsus  (Gale-),  -I,  [?],  m. : 
I.  A  river  of  Calabria,  famous  for 
its  sheep ;  2.  An  Italian. 

Galatea,  -ae,  [Gr.  FaAoreia],  f . : 
i .  A  sea-nymph,  beloved  by  Poly- 
phemus ;  2.  A  rustic  maid. 

galbaneus,  -a,  -um,  [fgalbano- 
(reduced)  -f  eus],  adj.,  of  gall>a- 
num. 

galbanum,  -i,  [Gr.  j(a\^oani],  n., 
gal'hiniini  (a  resinous  gum  from 
the  East). 

galea,  -ae,  [?,  prob.  borrowed],  f., 
a  helmet  (of  leather),  a  he  I  met. 

galerus,  -I,  [akin  to  galea],  m.,  a 
cap  (of  skin  with  the  hair  on). 

Galesus,  see  Galacsus. 

galla,  -ac,  [prob.  f.  of  Gallns],  f., 
an  oak  gall. 

Gallns,  -a,  -mil,  [a  Gallic  word  ?], 
adj.,  of  Gaul,  Gallic.  —  Masc.  and 
fern,  as  subst.,  a  Gaul  (man  or 
woman).— Plur.,  the  Gauls. 

Gallns,  -I,  [?,  gallus,  a  cock~\,  m., 
a  Roman  family  name.  • —  Esp.  of 
C.  Cornelius  Callus,  a  friend  and 


patron  of  Virgil.     He  was  reck- 
oned a  poet  by  his  friends. 
Gangaridae,    -arum    (-um,    the 

shorter  form),  [Gr.  Ta-yyapiSai], 
m.  plur.,  a  people  of  India,  on  the 
Ganges,  from  which  their  name  is 
derived. 

Ganges,  -is,  [Gr.  rdyyns],  m.,  the 
famous  river  of  India. 

Ganymedes,  -is  (-i),  [Gr.  Ta.wfj.-r}- 
ST/S],  m.,  a  beautiful  youth,  son  of 
Laomedon,  carried  away  by  an 
eagle  to  be  the  cupbearer  of  Jove. 

Garamautes,  -um,  [Gr.  Ta.pa.fia.v- 
T€J],  m.  plur.,  a  nation  in  the  in- 
terior of  Africa. 

Gara mantis,  -idis,  [Gr.  Tapa.fjLa.v- 
TIS],  adj.,  of  the  Garamantes. 

Gargauus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  mountain- 
range  in  Apulia  projecting  into  the 
Adriatic  (now  including  Monte 
G arga no  and  some  other  peaks). 

—  Also,  as  adj.,  of  Gargamts,  Gar- 
Banian. 

Gargara,  -drum,  [Gr.  Ta.pya.pa~], 
n.  plur.,  a  part  of  Mt.  Ida  with  a 
town  near  by  of  the  same  name. 

garrulus,  -a,  -um,  [fgarro-  (cf. 
garrio)  +  lus],  adj.,  chattering, 
noisy,  cawing. 

gaudeo,  gavisus,  gaudere,  [prob. 
tgavido-  (fgavi+  dus),  cf.  gau- 
dium  with  gaiidinioiiiiiin  , 
2.  v.  n.,  feel  joy,  be  delighted,  re- 
joice (internally,  cf.  laetor),  de- 
light in,  take  pleasure  in.  —  Also, 
feel  proud  of,  boast.  —  Less  exactly 
and  poetically,  of  things,  delimit 
in  (Jove),  abound  in  (cf.  laetus  |. 

—  gatidens,    -entis,    p.  as  adj., 
delighted,  well  pleased. 

gaudiiim,  -i  (-ii),  [tgavido-  (re- 
duced) +  ium  (n.  of  ius),cf.  gau- 
deo], n.,  joy,  delight,  pleasure. — 
Concretely,  a  delight.  —  Personi- 
fied :  mala  (Criminal Delights). 

giiza,  -ae,  [Gr.  70(^0],  f.,  treasure, 
riches,  wealth. 

Gela,  -ae,  [Gr.  r/Ao],  f.,  a  city  of 
Sicily,  on  the  south  coast,  by  a 


122 


Vocabulary. 


river  of  the  same  name  (now  Ter- 
ra Nuova).  From  this  city  came 
several  tyrants  of  Sicily. 

gelidus,  -a,  -um,  [fgelu-  [weak- 
ened) +  dus],  adj.,  icy,  cold,  cool, 
chilled,  chilly. — Less  exactly,  chill, 
clammy,  shivering :  tremor;  su- 
dor. 

Gelonus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  TeAcoj/os], 
adj.,  of  the  Geloni  (a  people  of 
Scythia).  —  Masc.,  collectively,  the 
Gelonian  (for  the  nation). — 
Plur.,  the  Geloni  (the  nation). 

Gelous,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  TtAcoos],  adj., 
of  Gela,  Geloan. 

gelu,  -us,  [?],  n.,  ice,  icy  coldness, 
cold,  frost.  —  Fig.,  the  chill  of 
death,  a  chill  (of  old  age). 

gemellus,  -I,  [fgemino-  (reduced) 
-f  lus],  m.,  twins. 

gcmiuatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ge- 
inino. 

gem  i  no,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [tge- 
mino-],  I.  v.  a.,  repeat,  redouble. 

geminus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  twin- 
born,  twin.  —  Less  exactly,  double, 
a  fair  of,  both,  two,  similar,  cor- 
responding. —  Plur.,  as  subst., 
brothers,  twins. 

gcmitus,  -us,  [tgemi-  (stem  of 
gemo)  as  root  +  tus],  m.,  a  groan- 
ing, a  groan,  a  roar,  a  hollow  roar, 
a  sigh,  wailing,  lamentation  :  ex- 
tremi  (its  last  groan,  of  a  dying 
bull);  leonum. 

gemma,  -ae,  [?,  perh.  -y/gen + 
ma] ,  f .,  a  bud,  an  eye  (of  a  plant) . 
—  From  similarity,  a  gem,  a  jewel, 
a  stone  (precious).  —  From  the 
material,  a  precious  goblet  or  cup. 

gemo,  gcmui,  gemitum,  gemere, 
[perh.  akin  to  Gr.  ytuta'],  3.  v.  n., 
groan,  sigh,  wail,  creak,  mourn 
(of  the  plaintive  song  of  the  dove)  : 
repleti  amnes. 

genae,  -arum  (rarely  sing.),  [akin 
to  ytvv,  Eng.  chin),  f.,  cheeks. 

gener,  generi,  [?,  cf.  yafi.&p6s~],  in., 
a  son-in-law.  —  Less  exactly,  a 
proposed  son-in-law,  a  daughter's 
suitor. 

generatim  [ace.  of  supposed  or  real 


stem  fgenerati-  (cf.  certutim), 
see  genus,  genero],  adv.,  l>y 
kinds,  by  races :  cultua  disce  (of 
each  after  its  kind). 

generator,  -oris,  [fgenera-  (cf. 
geiiero)  +  tor],  m.,  a  breeder. 

geueratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  genero. 

genero,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [tge- 
nes-  (of  genus)],  i.  v.  a.,  beget, 
become  the  father  of.  —  Less  exactly, 
produce,  breed,  raise. 

generosus,  -a,  -um,  [fgenes-  (cf. 
genus)  +  osus],  adj.,  (full  of 
race),  well  born,  nobly  born,  of  a 
noble  stock,  of  fine  blood  (of  ani- 
mals). —  Fig.,  noble,  famous  :  me- 
tallis  insula  (rich). 

genesta  (genist-),  -ae,  [?],  f., 
broom  (a  small  fragrant  shrub 
with  bright  yellow  flowers),  Spar- 
tium  iunceum. 

genetrlx  (geni-),  -Icis,  [fgene- 
(of  gigno)  as  root  +  trix],  f.,  a 
mother. 

genialis,  -e,  [tgenio  + alls],  adj., 
(of  the  Genius,  or  relating  to  his 
worship),  cheerful,  festival  (as  the 
rites  were  of  a  jovial  nature),  de- 
voted to  joy  :  tori;  hiems. 

genista,  see  genesta. 

genital  is,  -e,  [fgenito-  (reduced) 
+  alis],  adj.,  of  reproduction,  re- 
productive. 

genitor,  -oris,  [fgeni-  (of  gigno) 
as  root  +  tor],  m.,  a  father,  a  sire. 

genitrix,  see  genetrix. 

genitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  gigno. 

genius,  -I  (-ii),  [  ],  m.,  a  tute- 
lary divinity,  a  special  divinity, 
a  genius  (a  semi-divine  personage 
attached  to  a  person  or  place). 

gens,  gentis,  [VS611  (of  gigno) 
+  tis  (reduced)  J,  f.,  an  offspring, 
a  race,  a  nation,  a  tribe,  a  breed 
(of  animals). —  Plur.,  all  nations 
(of  the  world) .  —  Poetically,  age  : 
aurea,  etc. 

genii,  -us,  [akin  toGr.  y6w~],  n.,  the 
knee  :  genua  trahens  (limbs). 

genus,  -eris,  [Vg«n  (in  gi«»o) 
-|-  us],  n.,  race,  descent,  family, 
lineage,  birth.  — Of  animals,  breed, 


Vocabulary. 


123 


tribe,  kind. — Concretely,  offspring, 
progeny.  —  Less  exactly,  a  kind,  a 
sort,  a  species. 

Gcorgirsi,  -orum,  [Gr.  ytwpyiKa] , 
n.  plur.,  the  Georgics  of  Virgil. 

Gcrmailia,  -a<>,  [fGermano-  (re- 
duced) +  ia],  f.,  Germany  (loose- 
ly of  the  whole  region  now  in- 
cluded under  that  name) . 

gormanus,  -a,  -uin,  [?,  akin  to 
nrrmeii],  adj.,  akin,  of  the  same 
stock.  — Masc.,  a  brother.  —  Fern., 
a  sister. 

goriiieii,  -inis,  [?],  n.,  a  bud,  a 
shoot. 

gero,     gessi,     gestuin,     gerere, 

[VSes  (w'tn  r  f°r  s)]»  3-  v-  a-» 
bear,  carry,  ivield,  wear.  —  Also, 
poetically,  of  abstract  ideas :  bella 
letumque  (of  a  Fury) ;  pacem ; 
vocem  et  corpus  ;  tempora  um- 
brata  quercu ;  pharetram ;  te- 
la ;  os  habitumque ;  volnera 
{display)  ;  animura  (show')  •  no- 
men  decus  (possess) ;  curam 
(exercise). — Also  (cf.  fero),/>cW, 
produce  :  India  lucos  ;  platani 
malos.  —  Fig.,  of  any  action  (esp. 
uf  war),  carrv  on,  wage,  mintage: 
bellum ;  talia  ( perform,  such  ex- 
ploits') ;  laeti  rebus  bene  gestis 
(exultant  at  success,  and  often 
with  res). 

Geryon,  -onis  (abl.  Geryone  or 
Gerydne),  [Gr.  T-npvtav~\,  in.,  a 
famous  monster  of  Spain  whose 
oxen  were  carried  off  by  Hercules. 

gestamen,  -inis,  [fgesta  +  men], 
n.,  a  thing  borne,  arms,  an-  orna- 
ment, insignia. 

gostio,  -IvI  (-ii),  -Itum,  -Ire, 
[tgesta-(v'ges-|- ti,  cf.  2.  ges- 
tus)],  4.  v.  n.,  exult  u>ith  joy, 
show  a  passionate  desire. 

gestd,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [tges- 
to-],  I.  v.  a.,  bear,  carry,  wear: 
pectora  (possess}. 

gestus,  -a,  -inn,  p.p.  of  gero. 

Gotao,  -arum,  [Gr.  re'rcu],  in.  plur., 
the  Getes  (Dacians),  a  Thracian 
tribe  on  the  Danube. 

Geticus,  -a,    -uin,    [Gr.    r«Ti«-os], 


adj.,  of  the  Celts  or  Goths  :  deaer- 
ta  (the  modern  Bessarabia,  and 
Moldavia'). 

Getulus,  etc.;   see  Gaetulus. 

gigno,  geiiui,  geiiitum,  gignere, 
[-y/gen  redupl.,  cf.  yi-fvo^ai}, 
3.  v.  a.,  beget,  bring  forth,  bear,  be  a 
father  or  mother.  —  geuitus,  -a, 
-inn,  p.p.  as  adj.,  sprung,  de- 
scended, son  of. 

gilvus,  -a,  -uni,  [?],  adj.,  dun 
or  chestnut :  equus. 

glarialis,  -e,  [fglacie  +  lis],  adj., 
icy,  cold,  frozen,  frosty. 

glacies,  -ei,  [?],  f.,  ice,  frost,  cold. 

gladius,  -I  (-ii),  [?],  m.,  a  sword. 

glaiis,  glaiidis,  [?],  f.,  an  acorn, 
a  nut.  — •  Collectively,  in  sing., 
acorns.  —  From  the  shape,  a  bull, 
a  bullet. 

glarea,  -ae,  [?],  {.,  gravel. 

glaucus,  -a,  -um,[Gr.7AawcJs],  adj., 
blue,  bluis-h  gray,  bluish  green,  sea 
green :  glauca  cruentia  fronde 
salicta  ;  salices ;  ulva ;  arundo  ; 
equus  (gray  ?) ;  lumen  (of  the 
sea-deity  Proteus) ;  amictus  (of 
a  river-god,  and  of  a  naiad). 

Glaucus,  -I,  [Gr.  rAau/ctJs],  m. : 
I.  A  son  of  Sisyphus  and  father 
of  ISellerophon,  torn  in  pieces  by 
his  own  horses ;  2.  A  fisherman 
of  Anthedon,  in  Bceotia,  who  was 
changed  into  a  sea-deity  ;  3.  The 
father  of  Deiphobe,  the  priestess 
of  Apollo  at  Cumix1,  known  as  the 
Cumrean  Sibyl;  4.  A  grandson  of 
Bellerophon,  leader  of  the  Lvcians 
in  the  Trojan  war. 

gleba,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  clod,  a  lump 
of  eiirth.  —  Less  exactly,  soil,  land. 

glisco,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  gliscort-, 
[?],  3.  v.  n.,  increase,  grow. 

globus,  -i,  [?,  but  akin  toglomus], 
m.,  a  ball,  a  sphere  :  flammarum  ; 
Lunae  (orb}.  —  Less  exactly,  a 
band,  a  crowd,  a  cloud  (of  dust)  : 
militum. 

gloiucratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  glo- 
mero. 

gloiiH'ru,  -avi,  -fit  um,  -arc,  [tglo- 
mes-  (r  for  s),  cf.  glomus]. 


I24 


Vocabulary. 


I.  v.  a.,  roll  into  a  ball,  roll  up, 
gather,  collect,  mass,  roll  on.  —  In 
pass.,  or  with  reflexive,  gather,  as- 
semble. —  Poetically  :  gressus  (of 
a  horse,  bring  together  his  feet,  in 
making  a  caracole) ;  saxa  sub 
auras  (throw  forth  balls  of  melted 
Java), 

gloria,  -ae,  [supposed  to  be  fr. 
fclovus-  (^/clu  +  us) -)- ia],  f., 
glory,  fame,  renown.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, ambition,  vainglory,  pride. 

—  Concretely    (as   in    Eng.),    the 
glory,  the  pride:  Procas  Troia- 
nae  gentis. 

gluten,  -inis,  [fgluto-  (of  glutus) 
-f  nus  (reduced)],  n.,  glue. — 
Less  exactly,  gum,  resin. 

gnatus,  -a,  -ma,  p.p.  of  (g)nascor. 

gnascor,  see  nascor. 

Gnosius(Gnoss-),-a,  -uin,[fGno- 
so-  (reduced)  +  ius,  or  perh.  bor- 
rowed directly,  cf.  Yvu>aafa~\,  adj., 
of  GHOSHS  (the  city  of  Minos,  in 
Crete),  Gnosian.  —  Less  exactly, 
Cretan. 

Gorgo,  -onis,  [Gr.  Fop-yew],  f.,  a 
;<'«  (one  of  three  mythical 
women  of  Libya,  having  some  re- 
semblance to  the  Furies). —  Esp., 
Medusa,  the  chief  of  these  sisters, 
slain  by  Perseus.  Her  head  with 
serpent  hair  was  placed  in  the 
shield  or  aegis  of  Jove  and  Pallas. 

—  Plur.,  the  three  sisters,  Gorgons. 

—  Also,  the  head  in  the  shield  of 
Jove  or  Pallas. 

Gorgoneus,  -a,  -um,  [fGorgon 
+  eus],  adj.,  of  the  Gorgons:  ve- 
nena  (so  called  from  the  serpents 
in  Medusa's  hair). 

Gortyna,  -ae,  [Gr.  Toprvvrj'],  f.,  a 
city  of  Crete. 

Gortyniu.s,  -a,  -uiu,  [fGortyna- 
(rediiced)  -f  ius],  adj.,  of  Gortyna. 
-  \  .ess  exactly,  Cretan. 

gorytus  (cory-),  -I,  [Gr.  ywpvr6s~], 
m.,  a  i/uiTi-r. 

Gracchus,  -!,[?],  m.,  a  Roman  fam- 
ily name  in  the  Scmpronian  gens. 

—  Esp.,  the  two  great  reformers, 
Tiberim  and  Cants  (Lat.  Gains). 


gra  oil  is,  -6,  [?],  adj.,  slender. 

gradior,  gressus,  gradi,  [  v  grad, 
cf.  gradus],  3.  v.  dep.,  walk,  go, 
move,  proceed,  advance. 

Gradlvus,  -I,  [tgradi-  (cf.  gra- 
dior  and  aggrediri)  -f  vus],  m., 
(the  strider),  name  of  Mars. 

gradus,  -us,  [^grad -f  us],  m., 
a  step :  conferre  (i.e.  move  to- 
gether, of  bullocks) ;  continere  ; 
revocare;  celerare  (pate). — 
Also  (as  in  Eng.),  a  step  (of  a 
funeral  pile). 

Graecia,  -ae,[tGraec6-(reduced)+ 
ia  (f.  of  ius,  prop,  adj.)],  f.,  f 

Graiugena,  -ae,  [fGraio  -  gena 
(  v/gen  +  a)]»  ™->  a  Grecian  born, 
a  Greek. 

Grains,  -a,  -uni,  [Gr.  frparos],adj., 
Greek  (originally  only  the  name 
of  a  tribe,  but  used  by  the  Latins 
as  the  general  name).  —  Masc.,  a 
Greek.  —  Plur.,  the  Greeks. 

grameii,  -inis,  [akin  to  germm  , 
n.,  grass,  an  herb.  —  Less  exactly, 
a  grassy  plain. 

gra  milieus,  -a,  -urn,  [fgramin  + 
eus],  adj.,  grassy. 

grandaevus,  -a,  -11111,  [fgrandi- 
aevo-  (decl .  as  adj .)  ] ,  adj .,  aged,  old. 

gra nd is,  -e,    [?],  adj.,  large,  great, 

*.*&*>* 

graiido,  -dinis,  [akin  to  x"^"^]! 
f.,  hail. 

grates    (abl.  -ibus),   [stem  grati- 
(-y/gra  +  ti),    cf.     grain- 
thanks :  dicere  (render)  •  referre 
(make    a     return);     persolvert; 
(/></)'  a  debt  of  gratitude). 

gratia,  -ac,  [fgrato-  (reduced)  + 
ia],  f.,  regard,  pleasure  in,  ft'iiit- 
ness  for.  —  Also,  gratitude,  thank- 
fulness. 

gratus,  -a,  -um,  [^/S1"*  (cf-  Kril- 
tes)  +  tus,  p.p.],  adj.,  dear,  pleas- 
ing, (tiieplal'lc,  bflovtd. —  A  ISM, 
pleased,  thankful,  grateful. 

grator,  -afus,  -an,  [tgrato-], 
I.  v.  lie]).,  congratulate. 

gravatns  -a,  -um,  |>.p.  of  gravo. 

gravcoir-ns'  also  separate),  see  ulco. 

gravesco,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,-escere, 


Vocabulary. 


125 


ftgrave-  (cf.  gravedo)  +  sco], 
3.  v.  n.  incept.,  be  burdened,  be 
weiglutd  down  :  nemus  fetu  (bend 
under  the  weight,  <.\:c.). 

gravidus,  -a,  -um,  [tgravi  +  dus], 
adj.,  heavy. — Also,  full,  laden, 
plentiful, prolific,  heavy (vi  crops), 
luxuriant :  ager  (in  full  fruit)  ; 
\tiowc  (distended}  ;  aristae. —  Esp., 
pregnant,  big,  impregnated.  — 
Also,  poetically :  imperils  Itali- 
am ;  bellis  urbem. 

gravis, -e,  [root  akin  to  /fapus  +  u 
(with  added  i,  cf.  brevis)],  adj., 
lieavv,  firm,  solid.  —  Esp.  (cf. 
gBJcv\i&!a&}fpregnan&—  Fig.,  bur- 
densome, grievous,  noxious,  noi- 
some, heavv  (of  sleep,  of  sound), 
hard,  toilsome,  burdened  (with 
years),  sickly,  severe  (of  wounds), 
serious,  violent :  exitus  ( 
nuntius  (tin-celt nine);  ira  (in 
cruel  wrath).  —  Of  persons,  of 
hi  (opposed  to  levis),  fierce  : 
victor ;  Osiris.  —  Neut.  as  subst, 
in  plur.,  serious  events,  results,  &c. 
—  Xeut.  as  adv.,  Hi,  noisome: 
grave  olens. 

<  ira  viscae,  -arum,  [  ?],  f.  pi.,  a  town 
of  Etruria,  famous  for  its  bad  air. 

gravitor  [tgravi  +  ter],adv.,At-rfw- 
ily  (lit.  and  fig.,  cf.  gravls),  vio- 
lently, deeply,  loudly :  pendens 
(fiercely')  :  spirans  (heavy-scent- 
ed, also  poison-breathing). 

gravd,  -avi,  -atuin,  -sire,  [fgravi- 
(as  if  gravo-)],  i.  v.  a.,  weigh 
down,  make  heavy.  —  Fig.,  trouble, 
annoy,  burden.  —  Pass,  as  dep., 
be  reluctant,  refuse. 

jjravor,  see  gravo. 

grciiiiimi,  -i  (-ii),  [?],  n.,  the  lap, 
the  bosom,  tlie  breast :  in  vestris 
pono  gremiis  (lay  at  one's  feet)  ; 
fotus  gremio.  —  Fig.  (of  a  coun- 
try, £c.),  bosom,  lap,  embrace  : 
telluris ;  coniugis  (lap  of  earth, 
of  Jupiter  as  spouse  of  the  earth) ; 
caeruleus  (of  the  Nile). 

^n-;N!is,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  gradlor. 

gri-ssus,  -us,  [  v  grad  +  tus],  m., 
a  step,  a  pace,  a  gatt  (or  bearing), 


a  way,  course :  efferre  ( pro- 
ceed forth)  ;  comprimers  (stay 
one's  steps) ;  ante  ferre  (go  on 
before} ;  canes  comitantur  (foot- 
steps') ;  recipere  (retrace} ;  glo- 
merare  (feet}. 

grex,  gregis,  [?],  m.  (rarely  f.), 
(of  domestic  animals),  a  herd,  a 
flock,  a  litter  (of  pigs). 

grus,  gruis,  [?,  perh.  akin  to  Or. 
7<rpaj'os],  f.,  a  crane. 

Grynaous,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  rpwaios], 
adj.,  of  Grynia  (a  town  in  .Kolis 
where  Apollo  was  worshipped), 
Cry  n 

gryps,  gryphts,  [Gr.  -ypity],  m.,  a 
grijfin  (a  monster  with  a  lion's 
body  and  a  bird's  head  and  wings  ) . 

gubcrnaculum  (-clum),  -I,  [tgu- 
berna-  (in  guberno) -f  culum], 
n.,  a  tiller,  a  helm. 

gubernator,  -oris,  [fguberna  + 
tor],  m.,  a  helmsman,  pilot. 

gurges,  -itis,  [?,  prob.  akin  togula, 
gurgulio,  and  glutioj,  m.,  a  -vor- 
tex, a  -whirlpool,  an  abyss,  a  gulf : 
alternus  (  flux  and  reflux,  of  a 
whirlpool}. — Less  exactly, ,. 
a  tide,  waters,  a  stream,  the  sea, 
the  ocean,  a  flood. 

gusto,  -avi,  -atuin,  -arc,  [fgusto- 
(p.p.  of  -v/gus,  cf.  gustus)],  i. 
v.  a.,  taste. 

.H'utla,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  drop.  —  From 
similarity,  a  spot,  a  blotch. 

giittur,  -uris,  [?,  perh.  akin  to 
gutta],  n.,  the  throat.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, tlie  mouth,  jan's.  —  Poetical- 
ly :  ovantes  gatture  corvi  (croak- 
ing throat). 

(Jyai-os  (-us),-i,  [Gr.  Tuapoj],  f.,  an 
island  of  the  Egean  (now  Calairo). 

Oyas,  -ae,  [( lr.  TIITJJ],  m. :  I.  A  com- 
jianion  of  .F.neas;  2.  A  Latin. 

(Jyges,  -is,  [Gr.  Tvyrjs'],  m.,  a  com- 
panion  of  .  Kneas. 

(iylippus,  -i,  [Gr.  TuAiinros],  m., 
an  Arcadian. 

iryrus,  -i,  [Gr.  yvpos~\,  m.,  a  circu- 
lar course,  a  ring,  </  circle,  a  cir- 
cuit. —  Less  exactly,  a  coil,  a  fold 
(of  a  serpent). 


126 


Vocabulary. 


H. 


habcna,  -ae,  [habe-  (stem  of  ha- 
beo)  +  na  (f.  of  nus)],  f.,  a  rein, 
a  thong,  a  lash,  a  bridle :  dare 
(immittere,  effundere)  habenas 
{give  loose  rein,  lit.  and  fig.)  :  im- 
missis  (datis,  laxis)  habenis 
(at  full  speed,  without  restraint)  ; 
pressis  (adductis)  habenis  {with 
close  rein);  convertere  {course). 
—  Fig.,  reins,  control:  rerum. 

habens,  see  habeo. 

hahco,  ha  l)iiu  ha  bit  inn,  habere, 
[?,  fhabo-  (cf.  habilis,  habe- 
iia)],  2.  v.  a.,  hold,  have,  possess, 
keep,  occupy,  inhabit,  wear:  arces ; 
hostes  muros ;  redimicula ;  pe- 
cus  (tend,  raise).  —  Fig.,  in  same 
senses.  —  Esp.  of  marriage,  possess, 
have.  —  Also  of  the  place  where 
one  is :  te  pontus  {cover)  ;  turba 
hunc  (surround)  ;  vos  saltus 
(detain);  me  thalamus  {be  in, 
changing  point  of  view).  —  Of  a 
council,  &c.,  hold.  —  Of  passions 
and  the  like,  possess,  inspire :  om- 
nes  ardor.  —  Also,  hold,  consider, 
regard:  domos  suspectas;  nullo 
discrimine  (treat)  .—Peculiar  uses: 
habeudi,  of  having,  of  wealth  ; 
habeiiti,  a  possessor,  the  rich; 
hoc  habct,  he  is  smitten. 

habilis,  -e,  [fhabo-  (cf.  habeo)  -f 
Us],  adj.,  handy,  convenient,  fit, 
suited,  active :  arcus  ;  vigor  ; 
circumligat  hastae  natam  {light- 
ly, deftly). 

habitatiis,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  habito. 

habito,  -avi,  alum,  -are,  [fha- 
bito-],  i.  v.  a.  and  n.,  occupy,  in- 
habit, dwell  in,  dwell,  live. 

habitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  habeo. 

habitus,  -us,  [fhabi  (weaker  stem 
of  habeo)  +  tus],  m.,  bearing, 
condition,  plight.  —  Also,  dress, 
garb.  —  Fig.,  of  things,  position, 
nature :  locorum. 

hac  [proh.  abl.  of  hie  (cf.  ea)], 
adv.,  this  way :  hac  iter  est.  — 
Often  repeated,  this  way  .  .  .  that 
iaay.  —  Less  exactly,  here,  there. 


ha  dm  us  (often  separated),  [hae 
-tenus],  adv.,  hitherto,  to  this  point, 
thus  far.  —  Less  exactly,  of  time 
(as  in  English). 

Hadriacus  (Adr-),  -a,  -inn,  [Gr. 
'ASpia/coy],  adj.,  of  Hadria  (a  town 
on  the  Po,  which  gave  its  name  to 
the  Adriatic  Sea). —  Less  exactly, 
of  the  Adriatic  :  undae. 

haedus  (hoe-,  -e,  ae-),  -I,  [?],  m., 
a  kid.  —  Plur.,  the  Kids  (two  stars 
in  Auriga,  the  rising  of  which  was 
attended  by  storms). 

Haemon  (Ae-),  -onis,  [Gr.  AT/ow], 
m.,  a  Rutulian. 

Haemonides,  -ae,  [Gr.  patronymic 
of  Hoemon],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 

H  acinus, -i,  [Gr.  Afy<k],m.,a  range 
of  mountains  in  Thrace  (now  Great 
Balkan). 

liacreo,  haesi,  haesiim,  haerere, 
[fhaeso-  (unc.  root)],  2.  v.  n., 
slick,  cleave,  adhere,  cling,  stick 
fast,  hang,  hold  fast,  be  fastened, 
hang  to,  be  caught,  take  root  (of 
plants).  —  Less  exactly,  and  tig., 
be  fastened  (of  words,  &c.),  stick, 
stand  motionless,  be  rooted  to  the 
spot,  remain,  stand  fas/,  hesitate, 
pattse,  linger,  Jiang  upon  (of  the 
gaze,  or  of  pursuit)  :  hie  terminus 
(befi.ved);  victoria  Graium  (be 
delayed)  ;  vox  faucibus ;  aspect u 
conterritus. 

haeres,  see  better  spelling  hercs. 

llalarsus  (-esus),  -I,  [Cir.  "AA.O1- 
cros],  m. :  I.  A  son  of  Agamemnon 
who  came  to  Italy  ;  2.  A  Rutulian. 

halcyon,  see  aleyon. 

Ilalesus,  see  Halaesus. 

halitus,  -us,  [fhali-  (weaker  stem 
of  halo)  +  tus],  m.,  breath,  an 
exhalation,  a  vapor. 

Halius,  -I  (-ii),  [?],  m.,  a  Trojan. 

halo,  -avi,  -atuni,  -are,[  ?],  i .  v.  n., 
exhale,  be  fragrant. 

HaIys,-yos,[Gr.'AAur],m.,aTrojan. 

ilamadryas,  -ados,  [Gr.  'Ayua- 
8puos],f.,  a  Hamadryad  {\  nymph 
whose  life  was  bound  up  with  a 


Vocabulary. 


127 


particular  tree),  a  nymph. 

Hammoii,  sec  Aniiuon. 

hiiiiius,  -1,  [cf.  Gr.  xaM<k?>  perh. 
borrowed],  m.,  a  hook,  a  link 
(hook-like,  of  which  chain  mail 
was  made). 

hareiia,  see  arena. 

Harpalyce,  -es,  [Gr.  'ApiraAuKTj] , 
f.,  a  female  warrior  of  Thrace. 

Harpalycus,  -I,  [Gr.  'Apira\vKos~], 
m.,  a  Trojan. 

Harpyia,  -ae,  [Gr.  "Apiruto],  f., 
(mostly  plur.),  a  Harpy  (doubtless 
orig.  a  personified  whirlwind),  a 
monster  with  the  body  of  a  bird 
and  a  human  face  and  voice. 

harundo,  etc.;  see  arondo. 

haruspex  (ar-),  -icis,  [stem  akin 
to  hlra,  hillae  +  spex  (y'spec 
as  stem)],  m.,  a  soothsayer  (by  in- 
spection of  entrails,  cf.  auspex), 
a  diviner. 

husta,  -ae,  [prob.  akin  to  Gr.  %«"- 
Sdvca,  grasp],  f.,  a  spear-shaft,  a 
spear,  a  ii>and  (sometimes  without 
a  head,  hasta  pura)  :  pampinea 
(the  thyrsus). 

hastilc,  -is,  [thasta-  (reduced)  + 
ilia,  or  fhasti-  (akin  to  hasta)  + 
lis,  prop.  n.  of  adj.],  n.,  a  spear- 
shaft,  a  spear,  a  shoot,  a  sapling,  a 
pole. 

hand  (han,  haut),  [?],  neg.  adv., 
(commonly  negativing  some  par- 
ticular word,  cf.  non,  etc.,  general 
negative),  not,  by  no  means: 
hand  mora  (there  is  no  delay} ; 
haud  secius  {no  less);  haud 
quaquam  (by  no  means)  ;  hand 
quicquam  {nothing,  not  at  all). 

haudquaquam,  see  haud. 

huiirio,  hausi,  haustum,  hau- 
rire,  [-y/haus,  but  prob.  from  a 
noun-stem  in  i],  4.  v.  a.,  drink, 
drain,  exhaust.  —  Less  exactly, 
drink  in,  take  in,  dra^i<  in,  re- 
ceive :  caelum  (inhale} ;  lucem. 
pecudes  ;  vocem  auribus  ;  haec 
animo  ;  oculis  monumenta  (feast 
the  eyes  upon) . — Poetically :  corda 
pavor  (absorb,  possess)  ;  supplicia 
scopulis  {suffer  death  by  drown- 


ing, &c.) ;  latus  gladio  (drain, 
as  a  vessel) ;  sol  orbem  {pass,  as 
if  devour) ;  ensis  inimicua  (of 
persons,  drink  their  blood) . 

haustus,  -us,  [yhaus  (as  root)  + 
tus,  cf.  haurio],  m.,  a  draught, 
a  mouthful :  aetherius  (a  draught 
of  celestial  air,  of  inspired  instinct 
in  bees). 

hebeo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  hebere, 
[fhebo-  (cf.  hebes)],  2.  v.  n.,  be 
dull:  sanguis  {be  chilled). 

hebeto,  -avl,-atum,  -are,[fhebet- 
(of  hebes)],  i.  v.  a.,  blunt,  dull. 
—  Fig.,  dull,  dim,  impair. 

Hebrus  (Ebr-),  -I,  [Gr.  "E£pos], 
m. :  I.  A  river  of  Thrace,  now 
Maritza;  2.  A  Trojan. 

Hecate,  es,  [Gr.  'EKCITTJ],  f.,  amys- 
terious  goddess  particularly  asso- 
ciated with  the  lower  world.  Her 
nature  and  attributes  were  very 
variable,  and  she  was  especially 
identified  as  a  three-formed  god- 
dess with  the  moon  (in  heaven), 
Diana  (on  earth),  and  Proserpine 
(in  the  world  below). 

Hector,  -oris,  [Gr.  "Exrcop],  m., 
the  eldest  son  of  Priam  and  the 
most  famous  warrior  of  the  Tro- 
jans, finally  slain  by  Achilles  and 
dragged  around  the  walls  of  Troy. 

Hectoreus,  -a,  -um,[Gr.'EKT<fy>eos], 
adj.,  of  Hector.  —  Less  exactly,  of 
Troy,  Trojan. 

Hecuba,  -ae,  [Gr.  'E/ca^Tj],  f.,  the 
wife  of  Priam. 

hedera  (ed-),  -ae,  [?],  f.,  ivy  (of 
apparently  two  species,  Hedera 
helix,  and  another  called  alba). 

hei,  see  el. 

heia  (eia),  [Gr.  ela],  interj.  (of  sur- 
prise, admiration,  or  encourage- 
ment), ho!  what  ho!  come  on! 
come!  on! 

Helena, -ae,  [Gr.  'EAtVij],  f.,  Helen, 
the  famous  daughter  of  Jupiter  and 
Leda,  carried  off  by  Paris. 
|  Helenor,  -oris,  [Gr.  'EAfWp],  m., 
a  Trojan. 

Helenus,  -I,  [Gr.  "EAeros],  m.,  a 
son  of  Priam. 


128 


Vocabulary. 


Helicon,  -onis,  [Or.  'EXiK^j/],  m., 
the  famous  mountain  in  Bceotia, 
the  abode  of  the  Muses  and  favor- 
ite haunt  of  Apollo. 

hclleborus  (elleborus,  the  spell- 
ing in  vogue),  -I,  [Gr.  f\\t/3opos  or 
^AA-] ,  m.,  hellebore  (cf.  veratrum, 
the  proper  Latin  word).  The  root 
of  the  plant  was  a  specific  for  in- 
sanity. 

TIellespontiacus,  -a,  -um,  [bor- 
rowed from  Greek],  adj.,  of  the 
Hellespont,  the  strait,  now  Darda- 
nelles, between  Asia  and  Europe, 
running  into  the  yEgean  Sea.  On 
its  shore  in  Asia  was  Lampsacus, 
whence  came  the  worship  of  Pri- 
apus). 

Helorus  (-urn),  -I,  [Gr.  °E\upoi], 
m.  and  n.,  a  city  on  the  east  coast 
of  Sicily.  A  wide,  slow  river  of  the 
same  name  flowed  over  the  flat 
land  in  the  vicinity. 

Helymus,  see  Elymus. 

lierba,  -ae,  [?],  f.  (both  collec- 
tively and  in  plural),  an  herb, 
grass,  herbage,  a  weed,  a  plant, 
dried  grass  (hay),  vegetation,  a 
blade  (of  grass  or  growing  crops), 
sward :  mollia ;  veneni  ;  viridis 
(pastttre);  tenera ;  immemor 
herbae  (grazing) ;  olens ;  maio- 
res  (stalk  and  leaves');  Sardoa 
(perh.  crowfoot). 

Herbesus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 

Iicrbosus,  -a,  -um,  [fherba-  (re- 
duced) +  osus],  adj.,  grassy,  rich 
in  vegetation :  flumen. 

Hercules,  -Is,  [Gr.  'Hpo/cAfjy, 
through  a  shorter  form],  m.,  the 
famous  demigod,  renowned  for  his 
strength  and  services  to  mankind, 
represented  with  a  club  and  lion's 
skin.  The  poplar  was  sacred  to  him. 

Herculeus,  -a,  -um,  [imitated  fr. 
'Hpa/cAfioj],  adj.,  of  Hercules : 
umbra  (of  the  poplar)  ;  corona 
(of  poplar)  ;  sacrum ;  Tarentum 
{Herculean,  founded  by  Hercu- 
les); amictus  (the  lion's  skin). 

heres,  -edis,  [akin  to  herns  ?],  m. 
(or  f.),  an  heir. 


herilis,  see  erilis. 

Herilus,  see  Knilus,  the  approved 
spelling. 

I  Icrni  in  ins,  -I  (-ii),  [?],  m.,  a 
Trojan  warrior. 

Hermlone,  -es,  [Gr.  "E.pp.i&vr{],  f., 
the  daughter  of  Menelaus  and 
Helen,  the  wife  of  Orestes. 

Hermus,  -I,  [Gr.  "Ep/xoy],  m.,  a 
river  in  Lydia,  famous  for  its  gold- 
en sands  and  the  fertility  of  the 
surrounding  country. 

Hernicus,  -a,  -um,  [fherno-  (said 
to  mean  rock}  -f-  cus],  adj.,  of  the 
Hernici  (nom.  plur.  of  same  word), 
a  people  of  Latium,  said  to  be  of 
Sabine  origin. 

heros,  -ois  (-oos),  [Gr.  fy>a>s],  m., 
a  demigod,  a  hero. 

herus  (erus,  more  approved  spell- 
ing), -I,  [?],  m.,  a  master,  a  lord. 

Hesione,  -es,  [Gr.  'Haiovri],  f.,  a 
daughter  of  Laomedon,  sister  of 
Priam,  and  wife  of  Telamon. 

Hesperla,  see  Hesperius. 

Hesperis,  -idis,  [Gr.  errirepk,  adj. 
of  f'o-Trepos],  f.  adj.,  ( Western), 
Hesperian,  Italian.  —  Plur.,  the 
Hesperides,  daughters  of  Hesperus, 
keepers  of  a  garden  of  golden  ap- 
ples in  the  far  West. 

Hesperius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  'Eo-Wpios, 
adj.  ofEo-Trepoy],  adj.,  {Western). 
—  Fern.  (sc.  terra),  the  West- 
ern land,  Italy  (as  viewed  from 
Greece),  Hesperia.  —  Hence,  Ital- 
ian, Hesperian. 

Hesperus,  -I,  [Gr.  "Ea-irfpos  =  Lat. 
Vespcr\,  m.,  evening,  the  evening 
star. 

hesternus,  -a,  -um,  [fhesi-  (see 
heri)  +  ternus  (cf.  extcrmis, 
sempiternus)  ],  adj.,  of  yesterday, 
yesterday's  :  Lar  (neivly  a dopted}. 

lieu  [?,  cf.  eheu,  hens],  interj.  (of 
grief  or  pain  ) ,  alas  !  ah  !  oh  !  ah  we  ! 

heus  [cf.  lieu],  interj.  (of  calling), 
/ro/  hallo!  ho  there  ! 

hiiltiis,  -us,  [fhia-  (of  hio)  +  tus], 
in.,  a  gaping,  an  opening,  <>  yawn- 
ing mouth,  a  month  :  oris  C  /<>•;<>.<;). 

liilx-i-nns,  -a,  -um,  [fhiem-  (stem 


Vocabulary. 


129 


of  hiemps,  contracted)  +  ernus 
(cf.  caverna)],  adj.,  of  winter, 
wintry,  winter's,  stormy.  —  Neut. 
plur.,  winters. 

Hiberus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Spanish. 

hibiscus,  -1,  [Gr.  i'£iWosJ,  m.,  the 
marsh-mallow,  a  mallow  twig  or 
twigs,  a  switch  (of  mallow)* 

hie,  haec,  h5c,  [pron.  ^7^6  +  1  + 
ce,  cf.  ecce,  cetera],  dem.  pron. 
(as  subst.  or  adj.,  of  something 
near  in  time,  place,  or  thought,  cf. 
ille),  this,  h*,  she,  it,  .?«<;//.  — Of 
indetinite  persons,  this  man,  one. 
—  Often  repeated,  or  correlative 
with  another  pron.,  this  . .  .  that, 
he  .  .  .  he,  one,  another,  the  former, 
the  latter.  —  Also,  the  folloiving,  as 
follows.  —  In  abl.  with  compara- 
tive, so  much,  the  more.  —  Phrases : 
hoc  erat  quod  ?  etc.,  -was  it  for 
this  that  /  ,•  hoc  habet,  he  is  smit- 
ten, he  is  hit,  he  is  sped  (a  gladia- 
torial word) . 

hie  [fhl  (locative  of  fho)  +  ce]> 
adv.,  here,  there.  —  Also,  of  time 
or  circumstance,  here,  hereupon. 

Hicetaonius,  -I,  [fHicetaon  +  ius, 
prop,  adj.],  m.,  son  of  Hicetcion. 

hiemps,  hiemis,  [unc.  root  (found 
in  x""'')  +  mils  (reduced,  cf.  yti- 
fttpios,  Himalaya),  with  parasitic 
p],  winter,  storm,  tempest.  —  Per- 
sonified, the  Storm. 

Hiera  (laera),  -ae,  [Gr.  'If pa],  {., 
a  priestess  of  Jove  on  Mt.  Ida, 
mother  of  Pandarus  and  Bitias. 

hilaro,  -avi,  -Stum,  -are,  [thila- 
ro-],  I.  v.  a.,  cheer,  enliven. 

Himella,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  river  in 
Italy  flowing  into  the  Tiber. 

hinc  [him  (case-form  of  fho,  cf. 
Interim)  +  ce  (cf.  hie)],  adv., 
from  here,  hence,  from  there,  from 
this  (cf.  unde),  from  these. — Of 
time,  then,  thereupon,  next,  here- 
upon. — Also  (cf.  a  parte  tlex- 
tera),  here,  on  this  side.  —  Often, 
repeated  or  opposed  to  another 
pron.:  hinc  atque  hinc  (illinc), 
on  this  side  .  .  .  on  that,  here  .  .  . 
there,  on  every  side,  around.  —  Of 


logical  relations  (cf.  hence,  since), 
hence. 

liiimit MS,  -iis,  [fhinni-  (of  hin- 
nio)  +  tus],  m.,  a  neighing. 

hio,  -avi,  -;ii  M  in,  -are,  [fhio-  (cf. 
hiulcus,  hisco)],  I.  v.  n.,  gape, 
yawn.  —  hiaiis,  -antis,  p.,  open- 
ing the  mouth,  gaping,  open,  open- 
mouthed,  eager :  immane  (open- 
ing his  enormous  jaws,  of  a  lion). 

Hippocoon,  -ontos,  [( Jr.  'ITTTTO/COOIV, 
-OVTIS],  m.,  a  companion  of  JUKMS. 

Hippodame,  -es,  [Gr.  'Iira-oSa/*??], 
f.,  llippodamia,  daughter  of  CEno- 
maus,  won  by  Pelops  in  a  chariot- 
race.  Her  story  was  a  favorite 
theme  for  epic  poetry. 

Hippolyte,  -es,  [Gr.  'ITTTTOA^TJ;],  f., 
an  Amazon,  wife  of  Theseus.  She 
fought  against  the  Amazons  on 
the  side  of  Athens. 

Hippolytus,  -i,  [Gr.  'l7r7r<)A.i»Tos], 
m.,  the  son  of  Theseus  and  Hip- 
polyte, killed  through  the  wiles  of 
Phaedra,  his  step-mother,  but  after- 
wards restored  to  life  by  Diana. 

hippomanes  (not  declined  in  Lat- 
in), [Gr.  lirn-0/j.avfs^ ,  n.,  an  excre- 
tion of  the  mare  used  as  a  philter. 

Hippotades,  -ae,  [Gr.  'IirTroTaSrjs], 
m.,  son  of  Hippotas. 

Hiroanus,  -a,  -um ;  see  Hyrca- 
nus. 

hircus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  he-goat. 

hirsutus,  -a,  -um,  [fhirsu-  (stem 
akin  to  hirtus)  +  tus  (cf.  cor- 
nutus)],  adj.,  bristly,  prickly, 
rough  :  vepres ;  frondes ;  crista 
equina  {bristling,  of  a  hero  in 
a  crested  helmet) ;  supercilium 
(bushy). 

hirtus,  -a,  -um,  [unc.  root  (cf. 
horreo)  +  tus,  p.p.  of  lost  verb], 
adj.,  rough,  hairv,  shaggv,  bristly  ; 
capellae  (coarse-haired). 

hirundo,  -inis,  [?],  f.,  a  swallow. 

Hisbo,  -onis,  [?],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 

hisco,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  hiscere, 
[  -y/hi  (perhaps  fhi-)  -f  sco,  cf. 
hio,  hiulcus],  3.  v.  n.,  gape,  open 
the  mouth. 

hispiclus,  -a,  -um,  [akin  to  hirtus, 


130 


Vocabulary. 


hirsutus,  ?],  adj.,  shaggy,  hairy  : 
irons  (bushy). 

hiulcus,  -a,  -uin,  [?,  fhiulo-  (fhio 
4-  lus)  +  cus],  %.&}.,  gaping,  crack- 
ing,  furrowed  (of  land  cracked  by 
the  sun). 

hoc,  abl. ;  see  hie. 

hoc,  adv.;   see  hue. 

hodie  [fho-  (stem)  or  ho  (abl.)  of 
pron.  -y/ho  (cf.  hie)  -die  (abl.  of 
dies)],  adv.,  to-day.  —  Weakened, 
with  negatives,  now,  surely  :  nun- 
quam  hodie  effugies  (emphasizing 
the  negative). 

holus  (ol-),  -eris,  [  ?],  n.,  vegetables. 

homo,  -inis,  [^/hom  (I.-E.  GHAM, 
cf.  Sk.  guma,  Eng.  grooni)  +  o 
(cf.  gero),  akin  to  humus],  m., 
a  man  (or  woman),  a  mortal, 
human  kind,  the  human  race. — 
Often,  the  human  form,  human, 
mortal:  malis hominem  (human 
•woes) ;  vox  hominum  sonat. 

Homole,  -es,  [Or.  'O^^ATJ],  f.,  a 
mountain  of  Thessaly. 

honestus,  -a,  -uin,  [fhonos-  (n. 
of  honor?)  +  tus,  cf.  arbustus, 
funestus],  adj.,  beautiful  (cf. 
honor),  noble,  fine. 

honor  (-os),  -oris,  [unc.  root  + 
or  (-os)],  m.,  beauty,  grace,  dig- 
nity. —  Of  moral  qualities,  glory, 
dignity,  fame,  honor.  —  Of  beauty 
conferred,  adornment,  decoration. 
—  Of  glory  conferred,  honor,  hon- 
ors (marks  of  honor),  respect,  re- 
gard, reward,  recompense,  tribute, 
meed  of  praise.  —  Esp.  of  religious 
honor,  worship,  sacrifice,  an  offer- 
ing, honors,  reverence,  praise,  fes- 
tive rites. — Technically,  honors  (of 
the  people),  an  office,  a  magistracy. 

honoro, -si  vl,-atum, -are,  [honor], 
I .  v.  a.,  honor,  respect,  observe  with 
honor. 

hora,  -ae,  [Gr.  S>pa,  seasott],  f.,  an 
hour.  —  Less  exactly,  time,  mo- 
ment, hour  :  .suprema ;  crastina 
(the  morrow). — Phrase  :  in  horas, 
from  hour  to  hour.  —  Personified, 
the  Hours  (attendants  of  the  Sun, 
Moon,  &c.). 


hordeum,  -I,  (also  plur.),  n.,  bar- 
ley.—  Plur., grains  (of  barley). 

horrendus,  -a,  -uin,  ger.  p.  of 
horreo. 

horrens,  -entis,  p.  of  horreo. 

horreo  (horrui,  assigned  to  hor- 
resco),  no  sup.,  horrere,  [fhorro- 
(-^/hors),  cf.  horrificus],  2.  v.  n. 
and  a.,  stand ' erect,bristle,be  rough  : 
colla  colubris;  regia  culmo;  car- 
duus. — From  the  tingling  sensation 
of  fear  (cf.  "hair  standing  on  end." 
The  same  root  in  Sk.  expresses  the 
similar  tingling  of  intense  pleas- 
ure), shudder,  shudder  at,  dread. 

—  horrens,    -entis,   p.   as    adj., 
bristling,  rough,  prickly,  sJi<i:^y. 

—  horrendus,  -a,  -uin,  ger.  p. 
as  adj.,  horrible,  dreadful,  awful 
(in  bad  or  good  sense),  frightful, 
dread.  —  Neut.  as  adv.,  dreadfully. 

—  Neut.  plur.,  horrors,  prodigies. 
horresco,  horrui,  no  sup.,  hor- 

rescere,  [fhorre-  (stem  of  hor- 
reo)-!- sco],  3.  v.  n.  and  a.,  bristle  : 
seges  hastis. — Also  (cf.  horreo), 
shiver,  tremble,  shudder,  dread: 
campi  (of  the  grain  waving  in  the 
wind) ;  visu ;  morsus  mensarum 
(shudder  at). 

horreum,  -I,  [?],  n.,  a  granary,  a 
storehouse,  a  barn. 

horribilis,  -e,[thorro-(cf.  horreo) 
-fbilis],  adj.,  horrible,  frightful, 
dreadful. 

horridus,  -a,  -uin,  [fhorro-  (cf. 
horreo)  +  dus],  adj.,  rough,  shag- 
gy, bristling:  brumagelu;  gran- 
do  (icy,  cf.  last  example)  ;  hasti- 
libus  myrtus.  —  Also,  perh.  from 
domestic  animals,  rough  (in  bad 
condition,  cf.  nitidus,  sleek),  dis- 
ordered, unseemly,  uncouth,  un- 
kept,  ill-kempt :  alter  (of  a  queen- 
bee,  opposed  to  clarus)  ;  macies 
(hideous) ;  horridior  rusco  (of 
a  man).  —  Transferred,  and  fig., 
dreadful,  dread,  horrid,  frightful, 
awful. 

horriflco,  -avi,  -atuni,  -are,  [  fhor- 
rifico  (stem  of  horrifieus)],  I. 
v.a.,  terrify,  affright. 


Vocabulary. 


horrificus,  -a,  -uin,  [fhorro- 
(cf.  horrco)+ficus  (y'fac+us)], 
adj.,  terrible,  frightful. 

horrisonus,  -a,  -um,  [fhorro-  (cf. 
horrificus)  +  sonus],  adj.,  dread 
sounding,  of  awful  sound. 

horror,  -oris,  [ -v/horr(cf.  horreo) 
+  or],  m.,  a  bristling.  —  Also,  a 
shudder,  dread,  horror.  —  Poeti- 
cally:  armorum  (dread  sound) . 

hortator,  -oris,  [fhorta-  (in  hor- 
tor)  +  tor],  m.,  an  encourager,  a 
suggest er. 

Hortinus,  -a,  -11111,  [Horta-  (re- 
duced) +  inus],  adj.,  of  Horta  (a 
town  of  Etruria  on  the  Tiber  and 
Nar,  now  Or  fa). 

hortor,  -atus,  -ari,  [fhorito-  (stem 
of  lost  p.p.  of  obs.  fhorior)], 
I.  v.  dep.,  exhort,  encourage,  ad- 
vise, urge,  address  (with  words  of 
encouragement  as  a  leader). — 
Poetically,  of  animals,  urge,  urge 
on,  entice. 

hortus,  -I,  [  ?,  cf.  cohors,  Gr.  x<fy>- 
TOS],  m.,  (an  enclosure),  a  garden, 
an  orchard. 

hospcs,  -itis,  [fhos-  (I.  E.  GHAS, 
eat)  -petis^:  potis,  cf.ir6<ns  (\/Pa 
+  tis)],  comm.,  a  host.  —  Trans- 
ferred, a  guest,  a  stranger.  —  As 
an  address,  stranger,  friend.  — 
Also,  a  friend  (hereditary  ot  fam- 
ily, in  the  peculiar  relation  oif  an- 
fiquity,  like  (Ir.  £evos. 

hospitium,  -I  (-il),  [fhospit  + 
ium],  n.,  entertainment,  hospital- 
ity, alliance,  amity,  friendship. — 
Plur.,  hospitalities.  —  Concretely, 
retreat,  shelter. — Also  (cf.  hospes 
and  |ei/io),  friendship  (family  or 
hereditary). —  Concretely,  a  friend 
(cf.  servitium,  a  slave)  :  anti- 
quum  (long  in  friendly  relations 
with). 

fhospitus,  -a,  -inn,  (only  in  fern, 
and  neut.  plur.),  [irregular  forma- 
tion fr.  hospes  (cf.  sospcs,  sos- 
pita),  as  if  fr.  hospitus],  adj., 
strange,  foreign.  —  Also,  hospita- 
ble, friendly:  unda  plaustris 
(passable). 


hostia,  -ae,  [prob.  fhosti-  (stem 
of  hostis,  reduced)  +  ia  (f.  of 
ius),  going  back  to  the  time  of 
human  sacrifice (?),  cf.  ^En.  x.  5 19], 
f.,  a  victim  (for  sacrifice). 

hostilis,  -e,  [fhosti-  (lengthened, 
cf.  civllis)  +  lis],  adj.,  of  an 
(the)  enemy,  the  enemy's,  hostile  : 
fades  (to  disturb  a  sacrifice). 

hostis,  -is,  [  ?,  poss.  fhos-  (cf.  hos- 
pes) +  tis,  orig.  a  guest,  then 
stranger,  then  foe~\,  comm.,  a 
stranger.  —  Also,  an  enemy  (of 
the  country,  cf.  inimicus,  one's 
own  private  enemy),  a  foe,  the 
enemy. 

hue  (old  hoc),  [dat.  adv.  ho-ce,  cf. 
illo],  adv., hither, here  (of  motion), 
into  this,  into  that,  &c.,  thither, 
there  (cf.  hie),  this  way :  inclu- 
dunt  (in  this) ;  asperge  sapor es 
(here,  on  this  place) ;  hue  atque 
illuc  (this  way  and  that). 

liiiiiiiimis,  -a,  -um,  [thumo-  (re- 
duced) +  anus,  cf.  homo],  adj., 
of  man,  hit/nan,  mortal,  of  mor- 
tals. 

humecto,  see  umecto,  the  spelling 
now  in  vogue. 

huiuens,  see  umeo. 

hunieo,  see  umeo. 

humerus,  see  umerus. 

humeseo,  see  umesco. 

homidus,  see  umidus. 

hum  ills,  -e,  [thumo  +  lis],  adj., 
low  (lit.  and  tig.),  mean,  humble  : 
Italia  (low-lying)  ;  casae ;  fossa 
(shallow,  cf.  altus,  deep} ;  pavor 
(dispirited) . 

liiiinu,  -avf,  -at um,  -are,  [thu- 
mo-], i.v.  a.,  bury,  inter:  sola- 
men  humandi  (of  burial). 

humor,  see  umor,  the  spelling  in 
vogue. 

humus,  -i,  [-^/hom  (cf.  homo)  + 
us,  cf.  x<*/uat],  f.,  the  ground,  the 
earth,  the  soil :  exercebis;  rastros 
patietur;  te  condet  humi;  me 
toilers  humo;  cadavera  tegere 
humo.  —  humi,  on  the  ground : 
humi  nascentia  fraga ;  procum- 
bit  humi  bos. 


132 


Vocabulary. 


hyacinthus,  -I,  [Gr.  vamvOoi],  m., 
a  hyacinth  (so  called),  an  uncer- 
tain flower  variously  identified 
(cornflower,  iris,  rocket,  martagon 
lily). 

Hyades,  -um,  [Gr. 'TaSes],  f.  plur., 
the  Hyades,  a  group  of  seven  stars 
in  the  head  of  Taurus  (the  Bull), 
the  setting  of  which  was  attended 
by  storms. 

hyalus,  -i,  [Gr.  \>a.\oi\,  m.,  glass  : 
color  (i.e.  green). 

hybernus,  see  hibernus. 

Hybla,  -ae,  [Gr.  "T/SArj],  f.,  a 
mountain  in  Sicily  famous  for  its 
bees. 

Hyblaeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  "f Photos'], 
adj.,  of  Hybla,  Hyblaan. 

Hydaspes,  -is,  [Gr.  "fSaffinqs],  m. : 
i.  A  river  of  India. —  Less  ex- 
actly, for  the  people  in  its  vicinity  : 
regem  observant  (the  same  fig- 
ure is  admissible  in  Eng.) ;  2.  A 
Trojan  (cf.  Hebrus  and  Hypa- 
nis). 

hydra,  -ae,  [Gr.  Sfy>a],  f. :  i.  The 
hydra,  a  water-snake  killed  by  Her- 
cules. It  had  seven  heads,  which 
multiplied  as  fast  as  they  were  cut 
off;  2.  Another  water-serpent  (or 
the  ghost  of  the  same?)  in  the  in- 
fernal regions,  acting  (like  mon- 
sters generally)  as  a  minister  of 
divine  vengeance. 

liydrus,  -I,  [Gr.  t»8pos],m.,  a  isatcr- 
snake,  a  snake  (in  general)  :  im- 
manis  (the  dragon  of  Cadmus). 

hyems,  see  hiciiips,  the  better 
spelling. 

Hylaims,  -I,   [Gr.  'TAaibs],  m.,   n 


Centaur  who  offered  violence  to 
Atalanta. 

Hylas,  -ae,  [Gr."TAas],  m.,  a  youth 
who  accompanied  Hercules  in  the 
Argonautic  expedition,  and  was 
carried  away  by  the  nymphs  of  a 
fountain. 

Hylax,  -acis,  [Gr.  "TAo|],  m.,  the 
name  of  a  dog. 

llyllus,  -I,  [Gr.  "TAAos],  m.,  a 
Trojan. 

Hymenaeus,  -I,  [Gr.  vfj.tvaios'],  m., 
Hymen,  the  marriage  god. — Trans- 
ferred, marriage,  wedlock,  nuptial 
rites,  a  wedding,  a  nuptial  song. 
—  Also  in  plur.  in  same  senses.  — 
Also,  of  animals,  mating. 

Hypanis,  -is,  [Gr.  "Tirom],  in. : 
i.  A  river  of  Scythia  (now  Boug), 
a  roaring  and  rocky  river :  saxo- 
sum  sonans;  2.  A  Trojan  (cf. 
Hebrus) . 

Hyperboreus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  "firep- 
#o'/>eoy],  adj.,  (beyond  the  .\' •;•//», 
far  Northern,  Northernmost.  — 
The  plur.  is  the  name  of  the  peo- 
ple of  those  regions,  as  usual. 

Hyrcanus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr."r/)/rou'os], 
adj.,  of  the  Hyrcani  (a  nation  mi 
the  Caspian  Sea,  comprehended 
under  the  general  idea  of  the 
Parthians,  with  whom  the  Romans 
were  long  at  war).  —  Plur.,  the 
Hyrcani  (the  nation  itself). 

Hyrtaeides,  -ae,  [Gr.  patronymic], 
m.,  son  ofHyrtacus  (Xisus  or  llip- 
pocoon) . 

Hyrtacus,  -1,  [borrowed  fr.  Greek], 
m.,  the  father  of  Nisus.  Perhaps 
another,  the  father  of  Ilippocoon. 


I  (vowel). 


lacchus,   -i,    [Gr.  "la/cxos],   m.,  a 

name  of  liacchus.  —  Also,  wine. 
l;ior;i,  see  Ilicra. 
lapetus,  -I,   [Gr.  "law f-r &s~],  m.,  one 

of  the  Titans,  father  of  Prometheus 

and  Atlas. 
lapis,  -idis,   [borrowed   fr.  Greek], 

m.,  the  physician  of  /Eneus. 
lapys,  -ydis,  [Gr.  'lan-us],  m.,  of  the 


Japydes  (a  race  around  the  head 
of  the  Adriatic)  :  Timavus.  —  PL, 
the  race  itself,  the  lapydcs. 
lapyx,  -ygis,  [Gr.  'IS™£],  adj., 
lapygian,  of  lapygia  (a  name  of 
Apulia).' — Less  exactly,  Apulian. 
—  Ma.sc.,  lapyx,  the  north-west- 
erly wind  (blowing  from  lapygia 
into  Greece). 


Vocabulary. 


133 


larbas,  -ae,  [?],  m.,  a  king  of  the 
Ga-tulians,  son  of  Jupiter  Ammuii, 
and  a  suitor  of  Dido. 

lasides,  -ae,  [Gr.  patronymic  of 
lasius],  m.,  descendant,  of  last  us. 

lasius,  -i  (-ii),  [Gr.  'latnos],  in., 
the  brother  of  Dardanus,  son  of 
Jupiter  and  Electra.  He  became 
a  special  favorite  of  Ceres  (De- 
meter).  Among  other  myths  he  is 
said  to  have  married  a  daughter  of 
Teucer,  and  so  to  have  been  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Trojan  race. 

iaspis,  -idis,  [Gr.  fairim],  f.,  jasper 
(a  precious  stone). 

Iber  (Iberus),  see  Hiberus. 

ibi  [pron.  ^/i  (cf.  is)  +  bi  (loc. 
suffix,  cf.  -bus  and  tibi)],  adv., 
there  (less  demonstrative  than  il- 
lic,  cf.  is)  :  respexit,  ibi  omnis 
effuaus  labor  (in  that  look}. — 
( )f  time,  then,  thereupon  :  ibi  me- 
mento. 

ibidem  [ibi-dem,  cf.  idem],  adv., 
in  the  same  place,  on  the  same 
spot.  —  Of  time,  at  the  same  time. 

Icarus,  -i,  [Gr.  'I/capos],  the  son  of 
Daedalus,  who  fell  accompanying 
his  father's  flight. 

ico,  ici,  ictuiu,  icere,  3.  v.  a.., strike, 
hit.  — •  Of  a  treaty,  ratify,  make. 

ictus,  -us,  [  ^/ic  +  tus] ,  m.,  a  stroke, 
a  blow  :  certus  (aim}  ;  quo  ictu 
furit  equus  (wound}  ;  cuspidis 
(wound);  totus  (force};  ven- 
tos  lacessit  ictibus  (thrusts). — 
Collectively,  throwing:  cursu  et 
ictu. 

Ida,  -ae,  [Gr.  *!5a],  f. :  I.  A  moun- 
tain in  the  middle  of  Crete,  the  seat 
of  a  famous  worship  of  Jupiter. 
Here  Jupiter  was  supposed  to  have 
been  nursed  in  secret  ;  2.  The 
mountain  of  Phrygia,  near  Troy, 
famous  for  many  divine  incidents, 
and  especially  for  the  worship  of 
Cybele  ;  3.  The  name  of  the 
mother  of  Nisus. 

Mams,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  'ISaTos],  adj., 
of  Ida  (the  mountain  in  Crete), 
Idtcan. —  of  Ida  (cf.  2.  Ida),  /</«-- 
An.  —  Less  exactly,  Trojan.  — 


Masc.,  IJtzus,  name  of  two  Trojan 
companions  of  /-Eneas. 

Idaliiis,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  'iSoAtoi/], 
adj.,  of  Idalium,  Idalian.  • — Fern., 
Idalia,  a  town  and  grove  of  Cy- 
prus. —  Neut.,  Idalium,  another 
form  of  the  same  name.  Both 
forms  are  properly  adj.,  but  the 
adj.  is  used  as  if  from  the  nouns. 

Idas,  -ae,  [Gr.  "I5as],  m. :  i.  A 
Trojan  ;  2.  A  Thracian. 

idcirco  [id  (n.  ace.  of  is)  circo 
(dat.  or  abl.  of  circus,  cf.  circa, 
circum)],  adv.,  for  that  reason, 
therefore,  for  this  purpose.  • — •  With 
negatives,  for  all  that,  for  that, 
on  that  account. 

idem,  cadem,  idem,  [is  +  dem 
(pron.  y'da,  in  ace.?, cf.  quidam, 
dum)],  adj.  pron.,  the  same,  the 
very,  the  like.  —  Often  equivalent 
to  a  mere  connective,  also,  like- 
wise, as  well. 

ideo  [id  (n.  ace.  of  is)  eo,  strictly, 
and  that  for  this  reason  or  /«/•- 
pose\,  adv.,  for  this  reason,  there- 
fore, on  this  account.  —  With  neg- 
atives (cf.  idcirco),  for  all  that. 

Idiuon,  -onis,  [Gr.  "iSfnuv'],  in.,  a 
Rutulian. 

Idomeiieus,  -ei  (ace.  -ea),  [Gr. 
'Iboufvfus],  m.,  a  hero  of  the  Tro- 
jan war,  leader  of  the  Cretans. 

Idumaeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  'iSv/tcuos], 
adj.,  of  Idiime  {Edotii},  a  region 
of  Syria,  famous  for  its  palms, 
Idumtean. 

lens,  euntis,  p.  of  eo. 

igitur  [perh.  unc.  stem  +  tus  (cf. 
diviuitus)],  adv.,  in  that  case. — 
Weakened  as  conj.,  accordingly, 
therefore.  —  Also  in  questions  and 
the  like  (implying  that  what  fol- 
lows is  the  logical  consequence  of 
what  precedes  or  has  been  im- 
plied), then  :  mene  igitur  fugis 
(do  you  Ihtui,  &c.  ?  as  your  action 
seems  to  indicate). 

ignarus,  -a,  -um,  [in-gnarus 
(y'gna  +  rus)],  adj.,  not  know- 
ing, ignorant,  unacquainted  with, 
unaware,  unsuspecting,  in  ig'tc- 


134 


Vocabulary. 


ranee,  taken  by  surprise.  —  Rare 
in  pass,  sense,  unkno^vn :  igna- 
rum  habet  ora  Mimanta  (in 
obscurity) . 

ignave  [abl.  of  ignavna],  adv., 
slolhfully,  negligently :  carpere 
her  oas  (heedless  of  plucking). 

ignavia,  -ae,  [fignavo-  (reduced) 
+  ia],  f.,  slothf ulness,  cowardice: 
animi  {cowardly  spirit) . 

igiiavus,  -a,  -inn,  [in-gnavus 
( -y/gna  +  vus) ] ,  adj.,  idle,  sloth- 
ful, without  spirit,  cowardly.  — 
Poetically:  hiems  ignava  colono 
(an  idle  time,  &c.).  —  Also,  idle, 
unproductive,  unfruitful :  ne- 
mora. 

ignesco,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -escere, 
[figne-  (of  supposed  or  lost  verb 
figneo)  +  sco],  3.  v.  n.  incept., 
take  fire.  —  Fig.,  be  fired,  be  in- 
flamed. 

igneus,  -a,  -uin,  [figni-  (reduced) 
+  eus],  adj.,  fiery,  blazing,  burn- 
ing. —  Fig.,  fiery,  ardent,  burn- 
ing, like  fire  (swift),  like  a  flash. 

ignipotens,  -entis,  [figni-potens] , 
m.,  Lord  of  fire,  a  name  of  Vulcan. 

ignis,  -is,  [I.  E.  y'AG  (of  unc.  mean- 
ing) +  nisj,  m..,firc,  flame,  heat, 
brand:  rvyi&a&(lightning);  Luna 
colligit  ignes  (light,  conceiving 
the  heavenly  bodies  as  blazing) ; 
Cyllenius  (the  planet  Mercury)  ; 
rutilus  (redness);  aeterni  (the 
stars).  —  Fig.,  of  the  passions,  pas- 
sion, love,  fury,  wrath,  frenzy. — 
Concretely  (as  in  English),  flame 
(object  of  love). 

ignobilis,  -e,  [in-(g)nobilis],  adj., 
ignoble,  inglorious,  obscure,  worth- 
less, unhonored. 

ignominia,  -ae,  [fignomini-  (re- 
duced, cf.  cognominis)  +  ia],  f., 
want  of  fame,  ignominy,  disgrace, 
shame. 

igrioro,  -avi,  -atum,  -arc,  [fig- 
naro-],  I.  v.  a.,  not  knov>,  be  un- 
aware of,  be  ignorant  of. —  Poeti- 
cally, of  transplanting :  semina 
rnatrem  {become  unacquainted 
with). 


ignosco,  -novl,  -not  11111,  -nosccrc, 

[in-(g)nosco,  formed  perh.  in  imi- 
tation of  cognosce,  iin't-i/igate], 
3.  v.  n.,  pardon,  forgive. —  i<;iic)- 
scendus,  -a,  -uin,  ger.  p.,  par- 
donable. 

ignotus,  -a,  -uin,  [in-(g)notus], 
adj.,  unknoivn,  obscure,  strange, 
unobserved. 

ilex,  -icis,  [?],  f.,  an  oak  (of  a  par- 
ticular species,  the  holm-oak),  a 
holm-oak. 

Ilia,  -ium,  [perh.  akin  to  tf\<a,  roll 
(cf.  cfAco?)],  n.  plur.  (sing,  rare), 
the  groin,  the  flanks,  the  side  (be- 
tween the  ribs  and  hips)  :  rum- 
pere  (burst  the  sides,  with  envy 
and  the  like). 

Ilia,  -ae,  [fllo  +  ia],  f.,  a  name  for 
Rhea  Silvia  (the  mother  of  Romu- 
lus and  Remus). 

I  Mac  i is,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  "lAuwctfc], 
adj.,  of  Ilium  (another  name  for 
Troy),  Trojan. 

I  lias,  -adis,  [Gr.  'lAios],  f.  adj.,  a 
Trojan  woman. 

Ilicet  [i  (imper.  of  eo)  licet,  go, 
you  may'],  adv.,  (orig.  formula  of 
dismissal  for  an  assembled  people, 
it  is  over,  you  mav  t/,'part). — 
Transferred,  immediately,  forth- 
with, at  once. 

iligiius,  -a,  -urn,  [filic-  (of  ilex) 
+  nus],  adj.,  of  holm-oak,  oaken. 

Ilione,  -es,  [Gr.  'l\i&m{],  f.,  the 
oldest  daughter  of  Priam,  married 
to  Polymestor,  king  of  Thrace. 

Ilioneus,  -el  (ace.  -ea),  [Gr.  '\\io- 

*  vevs],  m.,  an  aged  Trojan,  com- 
panion of  .'Eneas. 

Ilium,  i  (-11),  [Gr-'lAiov],  prop.  n. 
of  adj.,  see  Ilius],  n.,  a  name  of 
Troy,  city  of  Ilus. 

Ilius,  -a,  -um,  [cf.  "lAiov],  adj.  (of 
\vh.  Ilium  is  neut.,  but  it  is  treated 
as  adj.  from  Ilium),  flian,  Trojan. 

illabor,  see  inlabor. 

illacrimo,  see  inlacrlmo. 

ilhictahilis,  see  inlacf ahilis. 

illaiuliitus,  see  inl.iiiil.it  n-. 

ille  (ollus),  ilia,  illud,  [unc.  pron. 
stem  +  lua  (cf.  ullus)],  dem.  pron. 


Vocabulary. 


135 


(conceived  as  more  remote  than 
hie),  that,  these.  —  Without  noun, 
he,  she,  that,  it.  —  Contrary  to  Eng. 
usage,  of  what  follows,  this,  these, 
these  things.  —  Often  repeated  or 
opposed  to  another  pron.,  the  other, 
that  one,  that,  the  former  (cf.  hie). 
—  Of  a  conspicuous  person  or  ob- 
ject (as  if  pointed  at),  the  great, 
that.  —  In  comparisons  (to  make 
the  comparison  more  vivid,  as  if  it 
were  actually  in  sight),  some,  a.  — 
In  imitation  of  Homeric  076,  re- 
dundant, merely  continuing  the 
subject  of  discourse.  —  ex  illo, 
from  that  time. 

ille<-el>rae,-ariim;  seeiiilecebrae. 

illic  [illi  (loc.  adv.  fr.  ille)  -ce 
(cf.  hie)],  adv.,  there,  in  that 
place,  with  them  (cf.  hie,  hine), 
on  this.  —  hie  .  .  .  illic,  here  .  .  . 
there,  in  this  place  .  .  .  in  that. 

illido,  see  inlido. 

illiue  [illim  (case-form  of  ille,  cf. 
interim)  -ce  (cf.  hie)],  adv., 
thence,  from  there.  —  Also  (cf. 
nine),  on  that  side,  that  side :  hinc 
atque  illinc((w  this  side  and  thai} . 

illisus,  see  inlisus. 

illotus,  see  inlotus. 

illuc  [illo  (dat.  adv.  fr.  ille,  cf.  eo) 
-ce  (cf.  hie)],  adv.,  thither,  that 
way :  hue  illuc  volvens  oculos ; 
hue  caput  atque  illuc  pependit 
(on  this  side  and  that). 

illucesco,  see  inlucesco. 

illfido,  see  iiiludo. 

illustris,  see  iiilustris. 

illiisus,  sec  inlnsiis. 

illnvies,  see  inluvies. 

Illyriciis,  -a,  -um,  [flllyri-  (stem 
of  Illyris)  +  cus],  adj.,  of  Tllyria, 
(or  Illyris,  an  indefinite  region 
east  of  the  Adriatic,  to  the  north 
of  Greece  proper)  :  aequor  (the 
Adriatic). 

Ilus,  -I,  [Gr.  "MAos],  m. :  I.  The 
mythical  founder  of  Ilium,  grand- 
father of  Priam  ;  .2.  A  son  of  Dar- 
danns,  and  great-uncle  of  No.  i ; 
3.  A  name  of  lulus  ;  4.  A  Kutulian. 

Ilva,  -ae,  [prob.  borrowed],  f.,  Elba, 


the  island  off  the  coast  of  Etruria, 
famous  for  its  rich  iron-mines. 

imago,  -inis,  [fima-  (stem  of 
fim6,  simple  verb,  whence  imi- 
tor,  cf.  dietito,  dieto)  +  go  (cf. 
vorago)],  f.,  a  representation, 
an  imitation,  a  copy :  genitoris 
(a  resemblance) ;  formae  (empty 
form);  Lunae  (reflection);  Ae- 
neae  (appearance,  in  a  compari- 
son). —  Concretely,  a  statue,  a 
representation  (in  art)  :  lani  ; 
maris;  rerum.  —  Esp.,  a  phan- 
tom, a  shade,  an  apparition,  a. 
form  :  magna  mei  (/,  a  renowned 
shade}  ;  pallentis  Adrasti.  —  Of 
the  mind,  a  picture,  a  conception, 
an  image,  an  idea :  confusa  re- 
rum  ;  pietatis ;  pugnae  ;  maior 
Martis  (more  vivid  picture); 
plurima  mortis  (form).  —  Fig., 
echo. 

Imnoii,  -onis,  m.,  a  Rutulian. 

imbellis,  -e,  [in-bello-  (reduced, 
and  deci.  as  adj.,  cf.  exanimis)], 
adj.,  unwarlike,  peaceful,  effemi- 
nate :  telum  (ineffective') ;  Indi. 

imber,  -bris,  [ydmb  +  rus  (weak- 
ened), akin  to  u/j.Qpos,  Sk.  abhras\, 
in.,  rain  (violent  and  sudden,  cf. 
plnvia),  rain-storm,  storm,  rain- 
cloud  :  frigidus ;  hibernus ;  aes- 
tivus  effusus  imbribus;  verberat 
humum;  ater;  extremus  bru- 
mae.  —  Also,  as  a  genial  agency, 
showers,  rain  :  largus  ;  amicus ; 
laetus ;  fecundi.  —  Less  exactly, 
water  (of  the  sea)  :  inimicus.  — 
Poetically,  as  in  Eng. :  ferreus 
(hail,  of  weapons). 

Imbrasides,  -ae,  [Gr.  patronymic 
fr.  Imbrasus],  m.,  son  of  Imbrasus. 

Iiiibrasus,  -I,  [?],  in.,  a  Lycian, 
father  of  Glaucus  and  Lacles. 

imbrex,  -ieis,  [fimbri  +  cus  (re- 
duced)], f.  (or  in.),  a  tile  (hollow, 
of  the  Italian  form,  for  covering 
roofs).  —  Collectively,  in  sing., 
tiles,  tiling. 

imbrifer,  -era,  -erum,  [fimbri- 
fer  (y'fer  +  us)],  adj.,  brin^in^ 
rain,  rainv. 


136 


Vocabulary. 


tmbuo,    -bui,    -butnin,    -bucro, 

[  ?,  perh.  akin  to  imber,  fr.  tim- 
ber- (-y/imb  +  u,  cf.  iicuo,  cf.  also 
Sk.  ambhas,  water)'],  3.  v.  a.,  soak, 
wet  (either  used  of  the  liquid  or 
with  the  liquid).  —  Less  exactly, 
stain :  agnus  aram  (by  sacri- 
fice) ;  sanguis  arma ;  sanguine 
bellum. 

imitabilis,  -e,  [fimita-  (stem  of 
iiuitor)  +  bills],  adj.,  imitable  : 
non  imitabile  fulmen  {inimita- 
bly}. 

iiititiitus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  imitor. 

iiiiitor,  -situs,  -arl,  [fimito-  (stem 
of  imit us,  p.p.  of  fimo,  cf.  ima- 
go, aemiilus)],  I.  v.  dep.,  imi- 
tate, counterfeit,  represent,  copy  : 
Pana  canendo  {rival} ;  Satyros ; 
imitata  vox  sonitus  tubarum 
{resembling,  ringing  like) . 

i in  ma n  is  (in-),  -e,  [in-  stem  akin 
to  maims,  perh.  maiiiis  itself], 
adj.,  (either  savage  or  monstrous, 
both  which  meanings  are  common 
and  run  into  each  other),  //«;/<•, 
monstrous,  enormous  :  membra ; 
dorsum;  antrum;  armenta  (of 
monsters}.  —  In  fig.  sense,  mon- 
strous, inhuman,  wild,  fierce,  sav- 
age, cruel :  nefas ;  gens.  —  Nout. 
as  adv.,  enormously,  wildly  :  im- 
mane  sonat  (roars  wildly) ;  spi- 
rans  {fiercely,  in  wrath). 

iiiiiiiuturus  (in-),  -a,  -uin,  [in- 
maturus],  adj.,  unripe,  imma- 
ture. —  Y'\i*.,  premature,  untimely. 

iniiiicdicabilis  (in-),  -c,  [in-medi- 
cabilis],  adj.,  incurable  :  telum 
(because  poisoned). 

iiinm-mor  (in-),  -oris,  [in-me- 
mor],  adj.,  unmindful,  forgetful, 
regardless,  thoughtless,  heedless, 
unheeding.  —  Poetically,  free  from 
memorv  (of  the  souls  of  the  dead 
drinking  the  waters  of  Lethe). 

imiiirnsus  (In-),  -a,  -um,  [in- 
mensus],  adj.,  unmeasured,  im- 
measurable, immense,  huge,  un- 
bounded, enormous,  boundless,  vast. 
—  Fig.,  tremendous,  prodigious  : 
clamor;  agmen;  aquarian. 


iminergo,      -mersi,       -mersuin, 

-morgere,  [in-mergo],  3.  v.  a., 
plunge,  drown,  overwhelm :  me 
ponto ;  unda  virum. 

immeritus  (in-),  -a,  -um,  [in- 
meritus],  adj.,  undeserving. — 
Esp.,  undeserving  of  evil,  unoffend- 
ing: Priami  gens. 

immineo  (in-),  no  perf.,  no  sup., 
-ere,  [in-mineo],  2.  v.  n.,  over- 
hang, project  over.  —  Less  exactly 
and  fig.,  threaten,  menace,  be  close 
at  hand:  globua  (of  the  enemy)  ; 
hostis  muris. 

immiscco  (in-),  -miscui,  -mis- 
turn  (-mixtum),  -miscere,  [in- 
misceo],  2.  v.  a.,  mix  in,  mingle  : 
maculae  igni.  —  Less  exactly  and 
fig. :  admonet  immiscetque  pre- 
cea  (mingles  prayers  with  his 
warning) ;  manus  manibus (min- 
gle Jist  with  fist,  poetically  of  box- 
ers) ;  immixti  Danais  (mingled 
with}  ;  crabro  se  imparibus  ar- 
mis  (Join  in  unequal  combat) ; 
se  armis  (plunge} ;  nocte  (nubi) 
se  (vanish,  be  lost). 

immissus  (in-),  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
immitto. 

immitis  (in-),  -e,  [in-mitis],  adj., 
cruel,  ruthless,  ferocious :  nidi 
(poetically  of  birds  that  feed  on 
bees) ._ 

immitto  (in-),  -misi,  -missum, 
-mittcre,  [in-mitto],  3.  v.  a.,  let 
go  in,  send  in,  let  in,  send  to  : 
apros  fontibus;  socios  portis 
(admit} ;  vadis  ratem  (drive, 
force}  ;  immittuntur  plantae  (set 
in,  graft  in) ;  Alpes  apertas 
(l> ring  down,  of  Hannibal  bringing 
the  Gauls  against  Rome) . 
in  p.p. :  lumen  iminis.su in  (shin- 
ing in};  hostes  (bursting  in}; 
immissae  ferae  silvis  et  sidera 
caelo  (let  loose,  see  next  division, 
.  .  .  sent  abroad}  ;  superis  Allec- 
to  (sent  down,  with  accessory 
notion  of  let  loose} ;  ignes  (let 
loose}.  —  Less  exactly  (cf.  last  ex- 
amples above),  let  loose,  let Jly,  let 
go  :  hastile ;  immissa  barba ; 


Vocabulary. 


137 


(flowing) .  —  With  reflexive,  or  in 
pass.,  throw  one's  self,<  rztsh  :  aes- 
tus  (flow). —  Esp.  of  driving,  let 
loose,  let  go,  spur  on  :  habenas ; 
iuga ;  —  so  also :  fanes ;  veils 
rudentes;  palmes  immissus  (*/;/- 
checked) .  —  Fig.,  inspire,  inflict  : 
cur  as. 

immixtus  (in-),  p.p.  of  im- 
misceo. 

iiiiniu  [abl.  of  Iinus  (in-mus,  su- 
perl.  of  in)],  adv.,  (in  the  lowest 
degree),  more  or  less  contradicting 
what  precedes,  often  to  assert  some- 
thing stronger,  no,  nay,  nay  rather, 
nay  but. 

iiuiiiu bills  (in-),  -e,  [in-mobilis], 
adj.,  immovable,  itnrnoved  (lit.  and 
fig.)  :^Ausonia  (unshaken}. 

immolo  (in-),  -avi,  -atuin,  -are, 
[fimmolo-  (in-mola,  decl.  as 
adj.),  from  sprinkling  the  meal  on 
the  head  of  the  victim],  i.  v.  a., 
immolate,  sacrifice,  offer. — Less 
exactly,  kill  (cf.  mac  to),  slay. 

immortalis  (in-),  -e,  [in-morta- 
lis],  adj.,  immortal,  undying,  eter- 
nal:  fas  (of  immortality). 

immotus  (in-),  -a,  -um,  [in- 
motus,  p.p.  of  moveo],  adj.,  un- 
moved, undisturbed,  immovable, 
unshaken,  secure,  fixed :  unda 
(tranquil}.  —  Also,  fig.  in  same 
senses  :  mens  ;  fata  lumina 
{fixed} ;  immotum  sederet  am- 
mo {imjnovably  fixed). 

immugio  (in-),  -ivi  (-ii),  -ituin, 
Ire,  [in-mugio],  4.  v.  n.,  roar 
within,  bellow  within. — Fig.,  re- 
sound within :  regia  luctu. 

immulgeo  (in-),  no  perf.,  no  sup., 
-mulgere,  [in-mulgeo],  2.  v.  a., 
milk  into  :  ubera  labris. 

immundus  (in-),  -a,  -um,  [in- 
mundus],  adj.,  unclean,  foul, 
filthy  :  cinis  {unsightly). 

immunis  (in-),  -e^in-munis.-i'zV/i- 
out  a  share,  cf.  communis],  adj., 
free  from,  secure  from  :  belli.  — 
Also  (contributing-  nothing),  idle, 
inert. 

immurmuro  (in-),  -avi,  -iit um, 


-are,     [in-murmuro],    i.  v.  n., 

murmur  in. 

impacatus  (in-),  -a,  -um,  [in- 
pacatus],  adj.,  unpacified,  tincon- 
quered. 

impar  (in-),  -paris,  [in-par],  adj., 
unequal,  uneven,  ill-matched,  odd 
(of  number) ;  puer  congressus 
Achilli  (on  unequal  terms)  ;  fata 
(as  between  two  combatants). 

impastus  (in-),  -a,  -um,  [in-pas- 
tus],  adj.,  unfed,  hungry. 

impatiens  (in-),  -entis,  [in-pa- 
tiens],  adj.,  impatient:  vulneris 
{frenzied  by). 

impavidus  (in-),  -a,  -um,  [in- 
pavidus],  adj.,  unterrified,  un~ 
daunted,  without  fear. 

impedio  (in-),  -Ivi  (-ii),  -itum, 
-Ire,  [fimped-  (cf.  expedio, 
compes)  as  if  fimpedi-],  4.  v.  a., 
entangle,  entwine:  loricam  hasta 
(pin  fast).  —  Less  exactly, hinder, 
impede,  hamper.  —  Fig.,  hinder, 
prevent,  delay  :  mora  ignaros. 

impello  (in-),  -pull,  -pulsum, 
-pellere,  [in-pello],  3.  v.  a.,  strike 
upon,  strike,  lash  :  luctus  aures  ; 
marmor  remis.  —  Also,  of  the  re- 
sult, push  over,  overthrcnv,  over- 
turn. —  Esp.,  urge  on,  urge,  drive, 
force  on :  puppixn ;  impulsa  sa- 
gitta ;  impulsus  furiis  Cassan- 
drae;  impulsus  vomer  (driving 
the  plough)  ;  undas  Zephyri.  — 
Fig.,  urge,  impel,  induce,  force, 
compel ;  also  (see  second  division 
above),  shake  :  animum.  —  Poeti- 
cally :  arma  {excite  war,  as  by  the 
clash  ofjveapons). 

iinpendeo  (in-),  no  perf.,  no  sup., 
-pendere,  [in-pendeo],  2.  v.  n., 
overhang.  —  Fig.,  threaten,  im- 
pend: j-entus. 

impendo  (in-),  -pendi,  -pensum, 
-pendere,  [in-pendo],  3.  v.  a.,  ex- 
pend on.  —  Fig.,  expend,  devote,  be- 
stow, apply  :  laborem ;  curam.  — 
impensus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
spent,  expended.  —  Neut.  plur.,  ex- 
penses, cost. 

impeuse  [abl.  of  impensus],  adv^ 


138 


Vocabulary. 


expensively.  —  Less  exactly,  earn- 
estly, seriously,  vehemently. 

impensus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  1m- 
pendo. 

imperditus  (in-),  -a,  -um,  [in- 
perditus],  adj.,  undestroycd :  cor- 
pora Graiis  (not  slaughtered}. 

imperfeetus  (in-),  -a,  -um,  [in- 
perfectus],  adj.,  unaccomplished, 
unfinished. 

imperito  (in-),  avi,  -atum,  -are, 
[as  if  timperito-  (stem  of  sup- 
posed p.p.  of  impero)],  i.  v.  n., 
command,  be  lord  of :  pecori  (of 
a  bull). 

Imperium  (in-),  [fimpero-,  ar- 
ranging, cf.  opiparus  (reduced) 
+  ium  (n.  of  -ius),  cf.  impero], 
n.,  requisition  (prob.  orig.  mean- 
ing), comma nd,  control,  authority, 
sway,  rule.  —  Concretely,  a  com- 
mand, an  order,  an  empire,  a 
power. 

impero  (in-),  -avi,  -atum,  -are, 
[fimpero-  (cf.  imperium),  but 
cf.  paro],  I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  demand 
(of  a  requisition,  prob.  the  original 
meaning).  —  command  (esp.  of 
military  authority),  rule,  order; 
tolli  corpus ;  arvis. 

imperterritus  (in-),  -a,  -um, 
[in-perterritus],  adj.,  unterri- 
fied,  undaunted,  undismayed. 

impetus  (in-),  -5s,  [in-fpetus 
(-y/pet  +  us,  cf.  petitions,  per- 
petuus)],  m.,  an  inpinging,  a 
•violent  rush,  an  impetus,  an  im- 
pulse, force,  violence  (of  attack), 
•vehemence,  momentum. 

impexus  (in-),  -a,  -um,  [in- 
pexus],  adj.,  uncombed,  unkempt. 

impiger  (in-),  -gra,  -grum,  [in- 
piger],  adj.,  active,  energetic: 
hausit  pateram  (nothing  loth). 

impingo  (in-),  -pegi,  -pactum, 
-pingere,  [in-pango],  3.  v.  a., 
dash  against :  agmina  muris 
(force  to}. 

impius  (in-),  -a,  -um,  [in-pius], 
adj.,  impious,  sacrilegious,  godless. 
—  Less  exactly,  accursed  (of  any- 
thing without  divine  qualities  of 


mercy  and  justice) :  Mars ;  Furor ; 
Fama.  —  Poetically :  fata  (of  im- 
piety) ;  Tartara  (impious,  the 
abode  of  the  impious). —  Masc., 
impious  wretch. 

implacabilis  (in-),  -e,  [in-placa- 
bilis],  adj.,  inexorable,  unappeas- 
able, implacable. 

implacatus  (in-),  -a,  -um,  [in- 
placatus],  adj.,  inexorable,  insa- 
tiable. 

impleo  (in-),  -plevi,  -pletum, 
-plere,  [in-fpleo,  cf.  eompleo], 
2.  v.  a.,yf//  in,  fill  up,  fill :  mulc- 
tralia  vaccae ;  implentur  fos- 
sae ;  sinus  (swell}  ;  manum  pinu 
(seize  with  full  hand} .  —  Less  ex- 
actly, of  sounds,  &c.,  fill  with,  in- 
spire :  nemus  querehs ;  animum 
veris ;  Rutulos  animis ;  nuntius 
Turnum  (fill  the  ears  of} ;  sinum 
sanguis  (overflow} .  —  Fig.,  satis- 
fy, satiate :  implentur  Baccbi 
veteris  (drink  their  fill} ;  amo- 
rem  genitoris. 

implied  (in-),  -plicavi  (-plicui), 
-plicatum  (-plicitum),  -plica- 
re,  [in-plico],  I.  v.  a.,  entwine, 
interweave,  enfold,  entangle :  co- 
mam  laeva  (grasp} ;  se  dextrae 
(clasp} ;  pedes  (of  an  eagle  seiz- 
ing a  serpent,  grasp  with)  ;  tem- 
pora  ramo  (encircle) ;  ossibus 
ignem  (kindle) ;  equitem  (of  a 
falling  horse,  pin  down)  ;  natam 
telo  (bind) ;  totas  acies  (mingle 
in  confusion).  —  Fig.,  t-n  tangle, 
involve  :  vos  fortuna  bello. 

imploro  (in-),  -avi,  -atum,  -are, 
[in-ploro],  I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  call 
upon  (cf.  explore),  beseech,  im- 
plore, beg  for. 

implamis  (in-),  -e,  [in-fpluma 
(weakened,  decl.  as  adj.)],  adj., 
impeded. 

impono  (in-),  -posui,  positum, 
-ponere,  [in-pono],  3.  v.  a.,  place 
tipon,  place,  lay,  pour  (of  a  liba- 
tion), serve  up.  —  Fig.,  impose,  lay 
upon,  fix,  put,  enjoin :  finem 
pugnae ;  pacis  morem  (ordain} ; 
dominum  patriae. 


Vocabulary. 


139 


hnportunus  (in-),  -a,  -nm,  [in- 
portunus,  cf.  Portunus],  adj., 
(doubtless  a  sea-term,  cf.  oppor- 
tuiius),  untimely,  unsuitable,  in- 
convenient. —  Also,  troublesome, 
dangerous.  —  Of  moral  qualities, 
crticl,  unreasonable. — Transferred 
to  augury,  ill-boding,  ill-omened. 

imposit  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  im- 
pono. 

impreeor  (in-),  -atus,  -ari,  [in- 
precor],  I.  v.  dep.,  pray  (for 
something  against  some  one)  :  li- 
tora  litoribus  contraria. 

inipriiiiu,  -press!,  -pressum,  -ere, 
[in-premo],  3.  v.  a.,  impress. 

imprimis,  see  in. 

improbus  (in-),  -a,  um,  [in-pro- 
bus],  udi}.,ttncked,  bad,villainorts, 
malicious,  mischievous,  fierce, 
cruel,  shameless,  ravetrous,  un- 
principled:  fortuna  (malicious 
goddess) ;  mons  (destructive) ; 
rabies  ventris  (ravening) ;  labor 
("  rascal"  as  if  the  enemy  of  man) . 
—  Rarely  in  a  good  sense,  cun- 
ning, shrewd. 

improperatus  (in-),  -a,  -um,  [in- 
properatus],  adj.,  lingering. 

improvidus  (in-),  -a,  -um,  [in- 
providus] ,  adj .,  unforeseeing  : 
pectora  turbat  (startled'). 

improvisus  (in-),  -a,  -um,  [in- 
provisus],  adj.,  unforeseen,  nn>\\- 
pected,  sudden. — improvise,  abl., 
on  a  sudden,  unexpectedly. 

impruclens  (in-),  -entis,  [in-pru- 
dens],  adj.,  not  anticipating,  sur- 
f*riscd,incautions, ignorant:  frons 
laborum  (un used  to);  evaserat 
hostes  (without  knowing  if). 

impubes  (in-),  -is  (also  -eris), 
[in-pubes,  decl.  as  adj.],  adj., 
beardless,  youthful. 

impulsus  (in-),  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
impello. 

impulsus  (in-),  -us,  [in-pulsus, 
cf.  impello],  m.,  a  shock. 

inipiinis  (in-),  -e,  [in-tpoena 
(weakened,  decl.  as  adj.,  cf.  ex- 
jiiiimis)],  adj.,  unpunished.  — 
impune,  neut.  ace.  as  adv.,  with 


impunity.  —  Less  exactly,  without 
danger,  safely,  without  harm. 

imus,  -a,  -um,  superl.  of  inferus. 

in  [I.  E.  pron.  -^AN^cf.  Gr.  <W,  eV], 
prep.  With  abl.,  in,  within,  on, 
upon,  among.  —  In  all  Eng.  senses. 

—  Special  phrases  :   in  manibus, 
close  at  hand :  bis  in  hora,  twice 
an    hour;     in     primis    (impri- 
mis), among  the  first,  especially. 

—  Often,  in  the  matter  of,  in  case 
of,    in   regard  to :   in  hoste ;   in 
Daphnide  (for) ;  in  hoste  Pria- 
mo.  —  With     ace.,     into,      upon, 
among,    to,   towards,    against,   at, 
for  :  nos  in  sceptra  reponis  (re- 
store to  power,  &c.) ;   in  solidnm 
nnditur  via  ;    adspirant  aurae 
in  noctem  (blow  on  into,  £c.) ; 
intecommittere(7</0M);  quietum 
in  Teucros  animum  (towards) ; 
compositi  in   turmas ;   cura   in 
vitulos  traducitur  (to)  ;  se  con- 
dit   in   undas    (in) ;    in    agros 
(over).  —   Esp.    of    distribution, 
among:  in  naves  ;   spargere  in 
volgum ;  in  versum  distulit  ul- 
mos  (in).  — Also  of  purpose,  ten- 
dency, &c.,  for  :  usum  in  castro- 
rum ;    audere   in    praelia ;    in 
lamina ;    in    medium    (for    the 
common  advantage,  but  also,  into 
the  middle).  —  Often,  on  account 
of   different    English    conception, 
in,  on :  considers  in  ignes  ;   in 
numerum  (in  time,  to  the  meas- 
ure) ;  in  spem  ;  in  puppim  ferit. 

—  Special   phrases  :    in   plumam 
(in  the  manner  of,  so  as  to  make)  ; 
in   obliquum  (transversely) ;    in 
dies  (from  day  to  day) ;  in  vicem, 
invicem  (in  turn)  ;  in  octo  pe- 
des  (up  to) ;  in  noctem  (towards) . 

—  ( )f  apparel,  &c.,  in,  with.  :  ig- 
nota  in  veste. 

inaccessus,  -a,  -um,  [in-acces- 
sus],  adj.,  (unapproached),  inac- 
cessible (cf.  acceptus,  acceptable). 

1  nacliiiis,  -a,  -um,  [flnacho-  (re- 
duced) +  ins],  adj.,  of  Ina chits, 
Inachian. —  Less  exactly,  ofArgos, 
A r give,  Grecian. 


140 


Vocabulary. 


Iiiachus,  -1,  [Or.  'ij/axos],  m.,  son 
of  Oceanus  and  Tethys,  the  mythic 
founder  of  Argos,  and  father  of  lo. 

inamabilis,  -e,  [in-amabilis],adj., 
unlovely,  hateful. 

iiiiiiiis,  -e,  [?],  adj.,  empty,  void, 
substanceless  :  rotae  (unloaded}; 
regna  (of  the  shades) .  —  Fig., 
empty,  idle,  useless,  purposeless, 
meaningless  :  verba  (counterfeit) . 

ina  rut  us,  -a,  -uni,  [in-aratus], 
adj.,  unploughed,  unfilled. 

inardesco,  -arsl,  no  sup.,  -artles- 
cere,  [in-ardesco],  3.  v.  n.  incept., 
take  fire.  —  Less  exactly,  blaze, 
glow,  redden. 

Inarime,  -es,  [Gr.  flv  'Api/iois,  the 
place  where  Typhoeus  was  sup- 
posed to  lie],  f.,  an  island  in  the 
Tuscan  Sea,  also  called  /Enaria 
(now  Ischia). 

inausus,  -a,  -uni,  [in-ausus],  adj., 
undared,  unatteinpted. 

incaudeseo,  -candui,  no  sup., 
-candescere,  [in-candesco],  3. 
v.  n.  incept.,  glow. 

incanesco,  -cauui,  no  sup.,  -ca- 
nescere,  [in-canesco],  3.  v.  n. 
incept.,  whiten,  become  gray. 

incanus,  -a,  -11111,  [in-canus],  adj., 
covered  with  gray,  gray,  hoary. 

i  IK 'ass  u  in  (also  separate),  see  cas- 
sus. 

i  lira  ut  iis,  -a,  -inn,  [in-cautus], 
adj.,  incautious,  careless,  off  one's 
guard,  in  one's  ignorance. 

incedS,  -cessi,  -cessum,  -cedere, 
[in-cedo],  3.  v.  n.,  move  on,  pro- 
ceed, move,  advance. 

incendium,  -I  (-ii),  [in-fcan- 
dium,  or  fincendo-  (in-cando-, 
cf.  candificus)  +  ium],  n.,  a 
burning,  a  fire,  fire,  a  confiagra- 
tion. 

incendo,  -cendi,  -censum,  -cen- 
dere,  [in-cando,  cf.  accendo], 
3.  v.  a.,  set  on  fire,  kindle,  burn  : 
aras  votis  (light} ;  squamam 
fulgor  {light  up).  —  incensus, 
-a,  -um,  p.p.,  burning,  on  fire, 
fired.  —  Fig.,  fire,  excite,  set  on 
fire  :  caelum  clamor  (fill). 


incensus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  incriido. 
inceptus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  .if  iiiripio. 
incertus,  -a,  -uni,  [in-certus], 

adj.,    uncertain,    doubtful, 

ing,  unsteady,  irregular,  vague. 

incesso,  -Ivi,  3.  v.  a.,  assault,  attack. 

in  cess  us,  -us,  [in-fcessus],  m., 
a  ivalli,  a  gait,  an  advance. 

incesto,  -avi,  -atiiin,  -are,  [fin- 
cesto-],  I.  v.  a.,  defile, pollute. 

inchoo,  see  incoho,  the  more  ap> 
proved  spelling. 

incido,  -cidi,  -casuni,  -cidere, 
[in-cado],  3.  v.  n.,  fall  upon, 
happen  upon,  meet:  animo  deus 
(enter). 

incido,  -cidi,  -cisum,  -cidere, 
[in-caedo],  3.  v.  a.,  cut  into,  cut 
off,  cut,  hack.  —  Of  the  effect,  cut 
(make  by  cutting) .  —  So  also  : 
amores  arboribus  {cut  on) .  — 
Fig.,  cut  off,  sever,  decide,  settle  : 
lites. 

inoinctiis, -a, -um,  p.p.  of  inciiifjo. 

incingo,  -cinxi,  -ciiictum,  -rin- 
gere,  [in-cingo],  3.  v.  a.,  gird 
(upon  one's  self  or  another). — 
From  the  fashion  of  ancient  gar- 
ments, clothe. 

incipio,  -cepi,  -ceptuin,  -ciprr«', 
[in-capio],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  begin, 
undertake.  —  inceptus,  -a,  -um, 
p.p.  as  adj.,  begun,  inceptive,  in- 
cipient, partially  accomplished,  at- 
tempted.—  Neut.,  an  undertaking, 
an  attempt,  a  purpose  (partially 
accomplished) .  —  Also  (as  in  Kng- 
lish),  begin  (to  speak,  &c.). 

incito,  -avi,  -atuiti,  -are,  [fin- 
cito-],  I.  v.  a.,  set  in  motion,  agi- 
tate, urge  on.  —  Fig.,  arouse,  ex- 
cite, spur  on. 

inch  us,  -a,  -uni,  [p.p.  of  finriro, 
in-citus],  adj.,  (set  in  motion), 
rapid,  swift,  active. 

iuclemeutia,  -ae,  [finclement  + 
ia],  f.,  cruelty,  rigor,  harshness. 
—  Also,  of  things,  cruel  fate,  harsh 
condition,  bitterness  :  mortis. 

incliiiatus, -a,-um,p.p.of  iiicliiio. 

inrlino,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [in- 
clino],  i.  v.  a.  and  n.,  bend 


Vocabulary. 


141 


(towards),  incline.  —  Esp.,  bend 
downwards.  • —  inclinatiis,  -a, 
-uiti,  p.p.  as  adj.,  bent  JaWtwerds, 
falling,  failing:  domus. 

includo,  -clusi,  -clflsum,  -clude- 
re,  [in-claudo],  3.  v.  a.,  shut  up, 
shut  in,  enclose,  surround :  vitam 
sanguine  (choke},  —  inclusus, 
-a,  -urn,  p.p.  as  adj.,  shut  up,  in 
confinement,  enclosed,  confined: 
in  flumine  cervus  (caught) . 

inclusus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  includo. 

iiiclutus  (incly-),  -a,  -um,  [fclu- 
tus,  p.p.  of  cluco,  with  in],  adj., 
famous,  renowned,  famed. 

inclytus,  -a,  -uin  ;  see  iiiclutus. 

incoctus,  -a,  -niii,p.p.  of  incoquo. 

incognitus,  -a,  -um,  [in-cogni- 
tusl,  adj.,  unknown,  uncertain. 

incoho  (inchoo),  -avi,  -atum, 
-are,  [?],  I.  v.  a.,  begin,  under- 
take.. 

incolo,  -colul,  no  sup.,  -colere, 
[in-colo],  $.v.a..,dwellin,  inhabit. 

incolumis,  -e,  [?],  adj.,  safe,  un- 
harmed, uninjured. 

incomitatus,  -a,  -uin,  [in-comi- 
tatus],  adj.,  unattended,  unaccom- 
panied. 

incommodiis,  -a,  -um,  [in-com- 
modus],  adj.,  inconvenient,  un- 
pleasant. —  Neut.,  an  inconven- 
ience, a  trouble,  a  misfortune. 

iiicompositns,  -a,  -um,  [in-com- 
positus],  adj.,  not  arranged,  ir- 
regular, rude. 

inconiptus,  -a,  -um,  [in-comp- 
tus],  adj.,  unadorned,  rude,  un- 
polished. 

inconcessus,  -a,  -um,  [in-conces- 
sus],  adj.,  unallo-Med,  forbidden, 
unlawful. 
iiiciniditiis,  -a,  -um,  [in-condi- 
tus],  adj.,  not  arranged,  rude, 
unpolished. 

incoiisiiltus,  -a,  -um,  [in-con- 
sultus],  adj.,  unadvised,  without 
advice. 

incoquo,    -coxi,    -coctum,    -co 
quere,   [in-coquo],  3.  v.  a.,  boil 
in,  cool;  in.  —  From  the  process, 
dye,   color :    vellera   Tyrios   in- 


cocta  rubores  (Gr.  ace.,  dyed  with, 
&c.). 

increbresco  (-besco),  -brui,  no 
sup.,  -brescere,  [in-crebresco], 
3.  v.  n.,  thicken,  increase,  grow 
louder  (cf.  creber)  :  nomen  (be 
spread  abroad}. 

incredibilis,  -e,  [in-credibilis] , 
adj.,  incredible. 

incremcntum,  -I,  [as  if  fincre- 
(cf.  incresco)  +  mentum],  n., 
increase.  —  Less  exactly,  progeny, 
offspring. 

increpito,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [in- 
crepito],  i.  v.  a.,  (rattle~),  chide 
(cf.  increpo),  rebuke,  taunt,  find 
fault  with. 

inorepo,-avl(-ui),-atum(-itum), 
-iirc,  [in-crepo],  I.  v.  a.  and  n., 
rattle,  clatter,  sound :  malis 
{gnash} ;  sonitum  {blare}.  —  Of  a 
continued  cry,  chide,  rebuke,  taunt, 
upbraid. 

incresco,  -crevi,  -cretum,  -cres- 
cere,  [in-cresco],  3.  v.  n.,  grow 
in,  grow  up.  —  Fig.,  arise,  swell. 

incubo,-avl(-ui),-atum(-itum), 
-are,  [in-cubo],  i.  v.  n.,  lie  down 
upon,  lie  upon. — Fig.,  fall  upon 
(of  a  storm),  brood  upon,  strike 
(of  winds,  &c.),  burst,  bend  one's 
energies,  strive,  exert  one's  self.  — 
Esp.,  lie  upon  (to  watch),  guard 
(in  secret),  hoard. 

i  IK- u  It  us,  -a,  -um,  [in-cultus], 
adj.,  uncultivated,  unfilled,  wild. 

—  Fig.  (cf.  colo),  unkempt,  un- 
cared  for.  —  Neut.  plur.,  wild  re- 
gions, ifeserts. 

iiicumbo,  -cubui,  -cubitiini, 
-ciimbere,  [in-fcumbo],  3.  v.  n., 
lie  upon,  lean  upon,  lean  over : 
laurus  arae  {overhang}. — Fig., 
brood  upon,  settle  on,  bend  to  (of 
oars,  &c.),  strive,  threaten,  aim  at. 

—  In  proverbial  expressions  :  fato 
urgenti,  lend 'one "5  weight  to,  urge 
on,  hasten. 

iiiciirro,  -ciirri  (-cucurri),  -cur- 
sum,  -currere,[in-curro],  3-v.n., 
rush  on,  rush  in,  rush. 

incursus,  -us,  [in-cursua,  cf.  iu- 


142 


Vocabulary. 


curro],  m.,  a  rush,  an  attack,  an 
inroad. 

incurvo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [in- 
curvo],  i.  v.  a.,  bend. 

incurvus,  -a,  -um,  [in-curvns], 
adj.,  bent,  crooked. 

incus,  -udis,  [in-.y/cu.d  (as  stem)], 
f.,  an  anvil. 

incuso,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [in- 
fcauso,  cf.  causor],  i.  v.  n.,  ac- 
cuse, blame,  Jind  fault  -with. 

incus  us,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  incudo 
(unused),  hammered  out,  wrought. 

incutio,  -cussi,  -cussuin,-outere, 
[in-quatio],  3.  v.  a.,  strike  into. 

—  I'  ig.,  dash,  lend,  inspire. 
indsigo,   -inis,    [findago-    (indu- 

agus,  cf.  prodigus)  +  o],  f., 
toils,  nets. 

inde  [im  (case  of  is,  cf.  hinc)  -de 
(cf.  dehinc)],  adv.,  from  there, 
from  this,  from  that  place,  thence. 

—  Less  exactly,  then, .  next,  after- 
wards. —  Phrases :    iam   inde  a 
teneris,  even  from  infancy ;  iam 
inde  ut,  immediately  when. 

indebitus,  -a,  -um,  [in-debitus], 
adj.,  not  due,  unpromised. 

indi-cor  (indecoris),  -oris,  [in- 
decus,  decl.  as  adj.],  adj.,  without 
honor,  inglorious,  unhonored :  in- 
decores  non  erimus  regno  (no 
disgrace). 

indefessus,  -a,  -um,  [in-defes- 
sus],  adj.,  unwearied,  untiring, 
unfailing. 

indeprehensus  (-prensus),  -a, 
-um,  [in-deprehensus],  adj.,  un- 
observed, undiscovered,  un per- 
ceived. 

India,  -ae,  [f.  of  adj.  fr.  Indus', 
f.,  the  country  beyond  the  Indus, 
embracing  loosely  much  more  than 
the  modern  region  of  that  name. 

indicium,  -I  (-ii),  [findic-  (in- 
dex) +  ium],  n.,  an  information, 
a  disclosure,  a  charge,  testimonv. 

—  Less  exactly,  a  sign,  indication, 
a  mark  (to  give  information). 

indico,  -dixi,  -dictum,  -diocre, 
[in-dico],  3.  v.  a.,  declare,  make 
known,  publish,  proclaim.  —  Lsp. 


of  authoritative  utterance,  order, 
appoint,  enjoin  :  primis  iuvenum 
iter  (command to  make};  chores 
tibia  Bacchi  (summon) . 

indictus,  -a,  -um,  [in-dictus], 
adj.,  unsaid,  unsung  (cf.  dico)  : 
nee  te  abibis  nostris  carminibua 
(unhonored). 

indigeiia,  -ae,  [indu-fgena  (cf. 
Graiugena)],  m.  or  f.  (used  as 
adj.),  native  born,  native,  of  the 
country  (opp.  to  foreign). 

indigeo,  -igul,  no  sup.,  -igere, 
[indigo-],  2.  v.  n.,  need,  want,  re- 
quire. 

indiges,  -etis,  [indu-fges  (v/ga, 
shorter  form  of  -v/8en  +  ^^s»  re' 
duced)],  m.,  native.  —  Esp.,  a  na- 
tive god  or  hero  raised  to  the  rank 
of  a  local  divinity,  home-born. 

indignatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  in- 
dignor. 

indignor,  -at us,  -ari,  [indigno-], 
I.  v.  dep.,  deem  nnwvrlhv,  be  in- 
dignant at,  disdain,  scorn,  chafe 
at,  be  indignant,  be  angry. 

indignus,  -a,  -um,  [in-dignua], 
adj.,  unworthy,  undeserving, 
shameful,  unbecoming,  undeserved, 
unjust :  digna  atque  indigna 
relatu  (just  and  unjust  taunts)  ; 
digna  indigna  pati  (both  just 
and  undeserved  woes) . 

iiidiiiiis,  -a,  -um,  [indu-tegus  ? 
(cf.  egeo),  hut  cf.  also  prodigus  ', 
adj.,  in  need,  needing:  nostrae 
opis  (requiring). 

indiscretus,  -a,  -um,  [in-discre- 
tus],  adj.,  undistinguishable  (cf. 
acceptus,  acceptable) . 

iiidocilis,  -e,  [in-docilis],  adj., 
unttachabU,  -untamed,  untamable. 

indue  I  us,  -a,  -um,  [in-doctus], 
adj.,  untaught,  unlearned,  igno- 
rant, unskilled. 

iudoles,  -is,  [indu-foles  (lost  stem 
fr.  -^/ol,  cf.  olesco)],  f.,  character 
(inborn),  native  worth,  nature, 
spirit  (as  natural  disposition). 

iiidomif  us,  -.-1,11111,  [in-domitus], 
adj.,  untamed,  untrained,  toihro- 
ken,  wild,  savage,  rude. —  Less  ex- 


Vocabulary. 


actly,  untamable,  indomitable.  — 
Fig.,  fierce,  untamed,  invincible. 

iiidoriiiiu,  -Ivi,  -il  inn,  -Ire,  [in- 
dormio],  4.  v.  n.,  sleep  on. 

indu  [in-do  (case-form  of  pron. 
•y/da)],  old  form  of  in  in  comp. 

indubito,  -avi,  -Stum,  -are,  [in- 
dubito],  I.  v.  n.,  doubt,  distrust: 
viribus. 

inducu,  -duxl,  -dfictum,  -ducere, 
[in-duco],  3.  v.  a.,  lead  on,  lead, 
bring  in  :  fluvium  (let  in) ;  onus 
Aurora.  —  Less  exactly,  draw  on, 
draw  over  :  caestus  manibus.  — 
So  by  change  of  point  of  view : 
inducitur  artus  tunica,  clothes 
his  frame  with  &c. ;  fontes  um- 
bra, cover  'with.  —  Fig.,  induce  : 
inductus  pretio  {bribe) . 

inductus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  induco. 

indulgentia,  -ae,  [findulgent  + 
ia],  f.,  favor,  indulgence. 

indulgeo,  -nisi,  -ultuin,  -ulgere, 
[?,  prob.  fr.  noun-stem,  perh.  akin 
to  volgus,  cf.  first  example],  2.v.n., 
give  room  to  :  ordinibus.  —  Also, 
with  unc.  connection  of  ideas, 
favor,  be  complaisant,  indulge,  be 
indulgent.  —  Esp.,  indulge  in,  give 
way^  to  :  vino ;  choreis. 

in d no,  -ui,  -utum,  -uere,  [?,  cf. 
exuo],  3.  v.  a.,  put  on,  assume, 
take  on. —  With  change  of  point 
of  view,  clothe  (one's  self  or  an- 
other), deck  with,  adorn  :  quos  ex 
facie  hominum  in  voltus  fera- 
rum  (change  from  &c.,  clothing  in 
&c.) ;  se  nux  in  florem  (clothe 
itself  in  bloom).  —  Esp.  in  pass., 
////  on,  clothe  one's  self  with  :  lori- 
cam;  indutus  exuvias  (clad  in); 
vestes  indutae  (on  (he  body). 

induresco,  -durul,  no  sup.,  du- 
rescere,  [in-duresco],  3.  v.  n. 
incept., grow  hard,  harden,  congeal. 

Indus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  'Ic8os],  adj., 
of  India,  Indian.  —  Flur.,  the  In- 
dians, people  of  India. 

i  IK!  ust  ria,  -ae,  [findustri-(?,  indu 
+unc.stem)  +  ia,  cf.  iudustrius], 
diligence,  indnstrv. 

iiidiitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  iuduo. 


ineluctabilis,  -e,  [in-eluctabilis], 

adj.,  inevitable. 

inemptus  (-emtus),  -a,  -um,  [in- 
emptus],  adj.,  unbought,  of  no 
cost :  dapes. 

inermis,  -e  (-us,  -a,  -um),  [in- 
farmo-  (weakened  and  decl.  as 
adj.)],  adj.,  unarmed,  defenceless. 

ineo,  -Ivi  (-il), -itum,  -Ire,  [in-eo], 
irr.  v.  a.  and  n.,  go  in,  come  in, 
enter,  enter  upon,  go  into.  —  Less 
exactly  and  fig.,  enter  upon,  fall 
into,  take  up,  take  part  in  :  pro- 
scenia ludi  (come  upon) . 

iners, -ertis,  [in-ars,  decl.  as  adj.], 
adj.,  (without  skill),  helpless,  in- 
active, idle,  sluggish,  cowardly, 
spiritless :  oculi  (heavy) ;  voces 
(useless) ;  corpora  (lifeless,  dead) ; 
umor  (stagnant). 

inexcitus,  -a,  -um,  [in-excitus], 
adj.,  unmoved,  undisturbed. 

iiiexhaustus,  -a,  -um,  [in-ex- 
haustus],  adj.,  unexhausted,  in- 
exhaustible. 

inexorabilis,  -e,  [in-exorabilis], 
adj .,  inexorable  :  fatum. 

inexpertus,  -a,  -um,  [in-exper- 
tus],  adj.,  untried,  unaltempted. 

inexpletus,  -a,  -um,  [in-exple- 
tus],  adj.,  unsatisfied,  insatiable. 
—  Neut.as  adv.,  insatiably :  lacri- 
mans  (not  to  be  sated  with  weep- 
ing). 

iiiexsaturabilis,  -e,  [in-exsatu- 
rabilis],  adj.,  insatiate. 

inextricabilis,  -e,  [in-extricabi- 
lis],  adj.,  inextricable. 

Infabricatus,  -a,  -um,  [in-fabri- 
catus],  adj.,  unwr  ought,  unformed. 

infaudus,  -a,  -um,  [in-fandus], 
adj.,  unspeakable.  —  Less  exactly, 
horrible,  dreadful,  accursed.  — 
Neut.,  in  apposition  with  the  sen- 
tence, O  horror  !  —  As  adv.,  hor- 
ribly. 

infans,  -antis,  [in-fans,  p.  of  for], 
adj.,  speechless.  —  As  subst.,  an  in- 
ftinf,  it  child. 

iiitaust  us,  -a,  -um,  [in-faustus], 
adj.,  i!l-i»n,'Hc'd,  ill-fated:  omen 
(evil,  ill-boding) . 


144 


Vocabulary. 


infectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  infioio. 

infer  tus,  -a,  -um,  [in-factus], 
adj.,  not  made,  not  di'iir,  undone , 
incomplete,  unfinished :  aurum 
(un-i'r  ought);  foedus  (invalid"). 

infecundus  (foe-),  -a,  -um,  [in- 
fecundus],  adj.,  sterile,  unfruit- 
ful. 

infellx,  -icis,  [in-felix],  adj.,  un- 
fruitful (cf.  felix),  sterile. — Also, 
unlucky,  unfortunate,  ill-omened, 
•wretched,  ill-fated :  equus  infelix 
studiorum  (disappointed  in  his 
favorite  pursuit). 

inf ensus,  -a,  -um,  [p.p.  of  finfen- 
do,  cf.  defendo],  adj.,  (dashed 
against '?),  hostile,  deadly,  danger- 
ous, inimical.  —  Esp.  of  weapons, 
levelled,  at  charge  :  tela ;  spicula 
vertunt  (level). 

inferiae,  -arum,  [finfero-  (re- 
duced) +  ia  (prob.  a  noun  omit- 
ted, viotimae?)],  f.  plur.,  a  sacri- 
fice (to  the  gods  below  in  honor 
of  the  dead),/««^rtf/  rites. 

Infernus,  -a,  -um,  [finfero-  (re- 
duced) -f  nus],  adj.,  of  the  Icnuer 
world,  of  the  gods  below,  of  Hades. 

Infero,  iiituli,  inlatum,  Inferrc, 
[in-fero],  irr.  v.  a.,  bring  in,  bring 
to,  bear  on,  bring,  introduce  :  bel- 
lum  (make,  of  offensive  war) ; 
deos  (introduce);  acies  (lead); 
gressus  (turn);  ignes  (hurl); 
rates  (urge  on).  —  Esp.  of  offer- 
ings, offer,  sacrifice  :  honores.  — 
With  reflexive  or  in  pass.,  rush, 
advance,  proceed. 

infcrus,  -a,  -um,  [unc.  stem+rus], 
adj.,  (inferior,  infimus,  imus), 
low ,  belcnv,  beneath.  —  Comp.,  infe- 
rior, less :  inferiora  secutus  (a 
lower  destiny)  :  numero  (weaker 
in  numbers).  —  Superl.,  lowest, 
deepest,  nethermost,  the  bottom  of, 
the  depths  of,  innermost :  ad  pedes 
(even  to  the  very  feet)  ;  manes  (the 
lowest  depths) . —  Phrases :  ab  imo, 
ex  imo,  from  the  bottom,  utterly, 
from  the  foundations. 

infestus,  -a,  -um,  [p.p.  of  fin- 
fendo,  cf.  iiifensus],  adj.,  hostile, 


destructive,  fatal:  \O&\ja.(levell(d~) ; 
volnus  (deadly  thrust). 

inficio,  -feci,  -feetum,  -fieere, 
[in-facio],  irr.  v.  a.,  (work  in  ?), 
dye,  stain.  —  Also,  mix,  poison, 
taint,  infect,  impregnate.  —  in- 
fectus, -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
stained,  impregnated.  —  Also,  po- 
etically :  venenis  Allecto,  over- 
flowing; scelus,  ingrown,  of  the 
earthly  taint  of  crime. 

infidus,  -a,  -um,  [in-fidus],  adj., 
faithless,  treacherous. 

infigo,  -fixl,  -fixum,  -figere, 
[in-figo],  3.  v.  a.,  fix  in,  fasten 
in  :  cornua  (interlock). 

infindo,  -fidi,  -fissuin,  -findero, 
[in-findo],  3.  v.  a.,  cleave. — Of  the 
effect,  cleave  (make  by  cleaving). 

infit  [in-fit,  of  flo],  defective  v.  n., 
begin.  —  Esp.  (cf.  incipio),  begin 
to  speak,  &c. 

infix  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  infigo. 

infiammatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  in- 
tla  in  mo. 

i  n  II  a  in  mi  i,  -avi,  -a  t  n  in,  -are,  [in- 
flammo],  I.  v.  a.,  set  on  fire. — 
~F\g.,fire,  excite,  inflame. 

inflariis,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  inflo. 

inflo,  -avi,  a  in  in,  -are,  [in-flo], 
I.  v.  a.,  blow  into,  fill  (with  wind), 
swell  (of  sails)  :  calamos  (play)  ; 
classica  (sound);  ebur  (blow). 

—  Less  exactly,  puff  up,  swell. 
iuflecto,   -flexi,   -flexum,    -flec- 

tere,    [in-flecto],  3.  v.  a.,  bend. 

—  Fig.,  move,  affect,  touch.  —  in- 
flexus,    -a,    -um,   p.p.   as   adj., 
curved,  crooked,  bent. 

infletus,  -a,  -um,  [in:fletus],  adj., 

unwept,  unmourncd. 
i  ii Ilex  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  inflect <>. 
Inflictus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  infligo. 
inHi«;u,  -flixi,  -flictiim,  -fligoro, 

[in-fligo],    3.    v.    a.,    dash    upon, 

dash  against. 
inlliio,    -fluxi,  -tliixuiu,  -flucre, 

[in-fluo],  3.  v.  n.,  flow  in,  flow 

into,  empty  (of  rivers) . 
iufodio,  -fodi,  -fossum,  -fodere, 

[in-fodio],  3.  v.  a.,  dig  in,  plant. 

—  Esp.,  bury. 


Vocabulary. 


145 


infoecunclus,  see  infecuncliis. 

informatus,  -a,  -\im,  p.p.  of  in- 
fo nno. 

informis,  -e,  [in-forma  (weakened 
and  decl.  as  adj.)],  adj.,  shapeless. 
—  Also  (cf.  forma),  unsightly, 
misshapen,  hideous,  horrid :  letum 
(shameful,  by  hanging). 

informo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [in- 
fonno],  I.  v.  a.,  shape,  form, 
fashion. 

Infra  [prob.  abl.  of  finfero-,  cf. 
supra],  adv.,  below,  beneath  : 
mare  quod  alluit  infra  (of  the 
Tuscan  Sea). 

infractus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  in- 
fringe. 

iiifraeno,  sec  infreno. 

infraenus,  see  infrenis. 

infremo,  -fremui,  no  sup.,  -fre- 
mere,  [in-fremo],  3.  v.  n.,  growl, 
roar. 

inf  rendeS,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -f  ren- 
dere,  [in-frendeo],  2.  v.  n., 
gnash  (the  teeth). 

Infrenis,  -e,  (-us,  -a,  -um),  [in- 
ffreno-  (dec!,  as  adj.)],  unbri- 
dled :  Numidae  (with  unbridled 
horses),  perhaps  in  a  double  sense. 

infreno,  -are,  I.  v.  a.,  harness. 

inf  riiigo,  -f  regi,  -f  ractum,  -frin- 
gere,  [in-frango],  3.  v.  a.,  break 
off,  break,  crush,  shiver.  —  Fig., 
crush,  shatter,  break  do'^n,  ran- 
quish.  —  inf  ractus,  -a,  -um, 
p.p.  as  adj.,  shattered,  broken, 
crushed,  overborne. 

infula,  -ae,  [perh.  akin  to  Gr.  <pa- 
Aos],  f.,  a  fillet  (a  head-band  of 
wool  used  in  sacred  rites). 

iiifundo,  -ffidi,  -fusum,  -fun- 
dere,  [in-fundo],  3.  v.  a.,  pour 
on,  pour  out,  pour  dpwn  :  latices 
(administer}  ;  sol  infusua  (shed- 
ding its  light) ;  populus  (crowd- 
ed} ;  nix  infusa  ( fallen}  ;  mens 
infusa  per  artus  (permeating, 
diffused)  ;  infusus  gremio  (ly- 
ing languidly,  of  Vulcan). 

Infusco,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [in- 
fusco],  I.  v.  a.,  darken,  stain. 

infusus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  inf  undo. 


ingeminatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  in- 
gemino. 

ingemino,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [in- 
gemino],  I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  redouble, 
repeat,  renew :  vulnera  lateri 
(strike  thick  and  fast) ;  vox  in- 
geminata  (echoed};  ingeminans 
Creusam  vocavi  (with  repeated 
cries). — -Without  obj., redouble, in- 
crease,be  repeated:  ignes  (flash  re- 
peatedly} ;  Troes  hastis  (redouble 
their  shmvers  of  spears)  ;  Austri 
(freshen}  ;  clamor  (is  ; -edou bled). 

ingemo,  -gemui,  no  sup.,  -geme- 
re,  [in-gemo] ,  3.  v.  n.  and  a.  (cf. 
doleo),  groan,  sigh,  mourn,  la- 
ment, moan.  —  Also,  of  animals, 
roar,  low,  bellow. 

ingenium,  -i  (-il),  [in-tgenium 
(v/gen  +  ium,  cf.  genius),  cf. 
ingeno],  n.,  nature,  intelligence. 
—  Less  exactly,  of  things,  nature, 
character :  arvorum. 

ingens,  -entis,  [in-gens,  decl.  as 
adj.,  out  of  its  kind~\,  adj.,  enor- 
mous, huge,  vast,  immense,  great : 
argentum  (a  vast  amount  of) ; 
rura ;  fumus.  —  Less  exactly,  of 
intangible  objects,  great,  deep, 
severe,  intense,  mighty,  marvel- 
lous, loud:  pectus  (mighty  heart}  ; 
umbra  (dense) ;  gemitus ;  ruina 
(mighty) ;  pluvia  (heavy)  ;  nox 
(thick);  ejL\i\L&(great, important)  ; 
manus  (stout) ;  volnus.  —  Also, 
as  in  English,  of  men,  great, 
mighty,  famous,  illustrious :  genus 
a  proavis ;  animis  corpore  ar- 
mis  Herminius. 

ingero,  -gessi,  -gestum,  -geroro, 
[in-gero],  3.  v.  a.,  heap  up,  hurl. 

inglorius,  -a,  -um,  [in-fgloria 
(decl.  as  adj.)],  adj.,  without  hon- 
or, inglorious,  unhonored. 

iiigluvies,  -el,  [in-tgluvies  (  Y/glu 
+  ies,  cf.  glutio,  gula)],  f.,  the 
gullet,  the  crop,  the  maw. 

ingriitus,  -a,  -um,  [in-gratus], 
adj.,  unpleasing,  disagreeable,  un- 
grateful. —  Also,  ungrateful,  un- 
heeding, thankless:  pericula  (  yield- 
ing no  return) . 


146 


Vocabulary. 


ingravo,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [in- 
gravo], I.  v.  a.,  weigh,  down.  — 
Fig.,  aggravate. 

ingrcclior,  -gressus,  -gredi,  [in- 

gradior],  3.  v.  dep.,  walk,  proceed, 
go,  enter,  land  (from  a  vessel)  : 
aftius  (slep  higher,  of  a  horse).  — 
Fig.,  enter  upon,  begin,  undertake, 
enter  on  a  way,  proceed,  go  on. 

ingrcssus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ingre- 
dior. 

ingrcssus,  -us,  [in-gressus,  cf.  iii- 
gredlor],  m.,  an  entrance,  a  be- 
ginmng,  a  rise. 

ingruo,  -ui,  no  sup.,  -uere,  [?], 
3.  v.  n.,  rush  upon,  assail,  make 
an  inroad  upon.  —  Less  exactly 
and  fig.,  come  on,  fall  upon,  assail 
one,  burst  forth  :  umbra  vitibus 
(break  over) ;  horror  armorum 
(roll  oil) ;  imber. 

iiiguen,  -iiiis,  [?],  n.,  the  groin. — 
Plur.  in  same  sense. 

Inhaereo,  -haesi,  -haesum,  -hae- 
rere,  [in-haereo],  2.  v.  n.,  cling  to. 

inhibeo,  -ui,  -ituin,  -ere,  [in- 
habeo],  2.  v.  a.,  hold  in,  check, 
restrain,  stay. 

inhio,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [in-hio], 
I.  v.  h.,  gape  at,  stand  open- 
mouthed  (with  sudden  emotion). 
—  Also,  from  the  expression  of  the 
face,  gaze  open-mouthed,  pry  into, 
gaze  at. 

inhoiicstiis,  -a,  -inn,  [in-hones- 
tus],  adj.,  inglorious,  dishonor- 
able. 

inhorreo,  -ui,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [in- 
horreo],  2.  v.  n.,  bristle,  grow 
rough,  roughen :  messis  campis 
(wave  trembling).  —  So  also,  irr. 
as  causative  :  aper  armos,  bristle 
np. 

inhospitus,  -a,  -uin,  [in-hospitus, 
see  hospitus],  adj.,  inhospitable, 
dangerous. 

in  hit  mains,  -a,  -um,  [in-huma- 
tus],  adj.,  unburied. 

iniciu  (inli-),  -led,  -icctiuu, 
-icere,  [in-iacio],  3.  v.  a.,  throw 
upon,  cast  upon,  hurl.  —  With  re- 
flexive, throw  one's  self,  rush. 


ininiiciis,  -a,  -um,  [in-amicus], 
adj.,  unfriendly,  hostile,  of  an  en- 
emy, of  the  foe,  as  an  enemy. 

iniquus  (-os),  -a,  -um,  [in-ae- 
quus],  adj.,  unequal,  uneven  : 
silvae  (rough).  —  Also  (cf.  ae- 
quus),  unfair,  unjust,  hostile, 
unfavorable,  unfortunate :  sol(o/>- 
pressive);  sors  (unhappy} ;  fata 
(unlucky');  spatia  (insufficient). 

inicctus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  iniciu. 

iniicio,  see  inicio. 

iniuria,  -ae,  [in-fius  +  ia,  cf.  In- 
iurius],  f.,  injustice,  wrong,  out- 
rage :  longa  (tale  of  -wrong) ; 
sceleris  nostri  (guilf). 

i ni iissns,  -a,  -um,  [in-iussus],  adj., 
1 1 1 1  bidden ,  n  1 1  forced. 

iiiinst  us,  -a,  -um,  [in-iustus],adj., 
unjust,  unfair,  unreasonable. 

Inlabor  (ill-),  -lapsus,  -labi,  [in- 
labor],  3.  v.  dep.,  glide  in,  move 
in.  —  Fig.,  of  a  divinity,  enter,  fill, 
inspire :  nostris  animis. 

inlacrimo  (ill-),  -avl,  -atum, 
-arc,  [in-lacrimo],  I.  v.  n.,  weep. 

—  Poetically,  of  statues,  weep,  dis- 
til tears. 

inlaetabilis  (ill-),  -e,  [in-laeta- 
bilis],  •&&},,  joyless,  mournful. 

iulamlatus  (ill-),  -a,  -um,  [in- 
laudatus],  adj.,  detested  (cf.  im- 
mitis),  execrated. 

inlecebrae  (illec-),  -arum,  [fin- 
lece-  (cf.  iniicio)  +  bra],  f.,  en- 
ticements, allurements,  charms. 

inlidu,  -lisi,  -lisum,  -liderc,  [in- 
laedo],  3.  v.  a.,  dash  iti  (to  some- 
thing)^ dash  upon.  —  Also,  dash 
in  (to  itself,  crush). 

inligatus  (ill-),  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
inligo. 

iuligo  (ill-),  -avl,  -atum,  -sire, 
[in-ligo],  I.  v.  a.,  bind  on,  lie  up. 

—  Less  exactly,  entangle,  hamper, 
fetter. 

inlisiis,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  iulido. 
mint  us  (ill-),  -a,  -um,  [in-lotus], 

adj.,  unwashed,  n^t  cleansed . 
mlncr-soo    (ill-),    -luxi,    no    sup., 

-lucescere,  [in-lucesco],  3.  v.  n. 

incept.,  dawn,  break  (of  day). 


Vocabulary. 


147 


inludo  (ill-),  -lusi,  -lusum,  -lu- 
dere,  [in-ludo],  3.  v.  n.  and  a., 

mock  at,  make  sport  of.  —  Also, 
destroy  (as  if  in  sport),  waste,  in- 
jure-.— Also,//<zj'  upon,  sport  with  : 
vestes  yftnsa&(wr ought  with  sport- 
ive designs). 

inlustris  (ill-),  'c»  [in-flustro- 
(  weakened  and  decl.  as  adj.)],  adj., 
famous,  noble,  illustrious. 

inliisus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  inludo. 

inliivies  (ill-),  -el,  [in-fluvies 
(  ^lu,  in  luo  +  ies)],  f.,  dirt, filth. 

innsiscor,  -iiiitus,  -nascl,  [in- 
nascor],  3.  v.  dep.,  grow  in,  be 
born  in. —  innat us,  -a,  -uin,  p.p., 
inborn,  innate. 

Innato,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [in- 
nato],  i.  v.  n.  and  a.,  swim  on, 
float  on. 

i  limit  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  innascor. 

inmu'tu,  -iiexul,  -nexum,  -nec- 
tcrc,  [in-necto],  3.  v.  a.,  entwine, 
inn,!,  enwrap.  —  Fig.,  weave,  en- 
twine, devise,  invent,  plan  :  fraus 
innexa  client! ;  morandi  causas. 

inuoxus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  innecto. 

iniiitor,  -iiisus  (-nixus),  -nlti, 
[in-nitor],  3.  v.  dep.,  lean  upon, 
rest  on,  be  supported  by. 

iimixiis,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  innitor. 

iiiuo,  -navl,  -iiatum,  -nare,  [in- 
no],  i.  v.  n.  and  a.,  siuim  in  or 
into,  float,  swim,  sail. 

in  11  oc u us,  -a,  vim,  [in-nocuus], 
adj.,  harmless,  innocent,  unoffend- 
ing :  litus  {that  will  do  no  hit r in). 
—  Also,  actively,  unharmed. 

i  n  no x  ins,  -a,  -um,  [in-noxius], 
adj.,  harmless,  innocent. 

iimtimcrus,  -a,  -um,  [in-numerus, 
decl.  as  adj.],  adj.,  without  num- 
ber, numberless,  unnumbered. 

finnuptus,  -a,  f-"11',  [in-nuptus], 
adj.,  unmarried  (of  a  woman), 
in  a  i  Jen.  —  As  subst.,  a  maid. 

iiioflfeiisiis, -a,  -um,  [in-offensiis] , 
adj.,  unbroken,  unimpeded,  unhin- 
dered. 

iiiolesco,  -levl,  -lituni,  -lescere, 
[in-olesco,  cf.  adulesco],  3.v.  n., 
grow  in  (into'),  become  implanted. 


inopintis,  -a,  -um,  [in-fopinus,  cf. 
opiuor],  adj.,  unexpected. 

inops, -opis,  [in-ops,  decl.  as  adj.], 
adj.,  without  resources,  helpless, 
poor,  destitute  :  senecta  ;  inops 
animi  (bereft  of  sense,  frenzied)  ; 
res  (scanty  for •tune'). 

1  nous,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  *Ii/wos~\,  adj., 
of  Ino  (the  daughter  of  Cadmus 
and  wife  of  Athamas  of  Thebes. 
Flying  from  her  husband,  she- 
threw  herself  into  the  sea  and  be- 
came a  disunity),  son  of  T>w. 

inquam  (-io),  [  ?],  v.  clef.,  say. 

inremeabilis  (irr-),  -e,  [in-reme- 
abilis],  adj.,  irretraceable. 

iiircparabilis  (irr-),  -e,  [in-re- 
parabilis],  adj.,  irrecoverable,  ir- 
reparable. 

inrideo  (irr-),  -risi,  -risum,  -ri- 
dere,  [in-rideo],  2.  v.  a.,  laugfc 
at,  scorn,  ridicule.  —  inrlsus,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.,  mocked,  scorned,  in- 
sulted, with  ridicule. 

inrigo  (irr-),  -avl,  -atuiii,  -are, 
[in-rigo],  i.  v.  a.,  drop  upon,  four 
down  upon,  shed.  —  With  change 
of  point  of  view,  bedeiu  with,  mois- 
ten, Inilhe,  water.  —  Also  fig.  in 
both  senses. 

inriguus  (irr-),  -a,  -um,  [fin- 
riguus],  adj.,  moistening,  water- 
ing._ 

inritatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  Inrito. 

inrito  (irr-),  -avl,  -atuin,  -are, 
[fin-rito-  (cf.  inrio,  snarl,  of 
dogs)],  I.  v.  a.,  excite,  anger,  in- 
cense. 

inritus  (irr-),  -a,  -um,  [in-ratus], 
adj.,  invalid,  annulled.  —  Less 
exactly,  useless,  ineffective,  idle,  in 
vain,  empty :  sceleris  vestigia 
(harmless). 

iuroro  (irr-),  -avi,  -atnm,  -are, 
[in-roro],  I.  v.  a.,  bedew,  sprinkle, 
shed  moisture. — Less  exactly,  flood 
(of  light)  :  terras  sole. 

iiirimipo  (irr-),  -rnpi,  -ruptuin, 
-rumpere,  [in-rumpo],  3.  v.  a. 
and  n.,  break  in,  burst  in,  break 
through,  force. 

iiiruo   (irr-),  -rui,  no  sup.,  -ru- 


148 


Vocabulary. 


ere,  [in-ruo],  3.  v.  n.  and  a.,  rush 
in,  rush  on,  fall  down. 

i lisa  1  ii  I  ii(  us,  -a,  -um,  (separate, 
inquc  salutatus),  [in-saluta- 
tus],  adj.,  not  saluted :  hanc  in- 
salutatam  relinquo  (without  say- 
ing farewell). 

i iisii uia,  -ae,  [finsano-  (reduced) 
+  ia],  f.,  madness,  insanity,  frenzy, 
rage  /_  scelerata  belli. 

irisanio,  -ivl  (-ii),  -ituin,  [fin- 
sano-  (as  if  insani-)],  4.  v.  n.,  be 
insane,  rave,  play  the  fool. 

insanus,  -a,  -inn,  [in-sanus],adj., 
unsound  (oi  mind),  mad,  wild,  in- 
sane, frantic,  crazy.  —  Less  exact- 
ly, inspired.  —  Fig.,  wild,  violent, 
mad, crazv, insane  :  cupido ;  fluc- 
tus;  amor;  forum  (turbulent). 

inscius,  -a,  -um,  [in-fscius,  cf. 
ncscius],  adj.,  unconscious,  igno- 
rant, untaught,  unaware,  bewil- 
dered (not  understanding)  :  baud 
inscius  (with  full  knowledge). 

inscribu,  -scrips!,  -scriptum, 
-scribere,  [in-scribo],  3.  v.  a., 
write  upon,  inscribe,  mark  (of  the 
tracing  of  a  spear)  :  pulvis  hasta. 

inscriptus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  in- 
scribo. 

In  sector,  -atus,  -Sri,  [in-sector, 
cf.  inscquor],  I.  v.  dep.,  pursue. 
—  Fig.,  harass,  worry,  per  scent,-, 
pursue:  rastris  terram  (ply). 

insi-quor,  -secutus,  -sequi,  [in- 
sequor],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  follow  up, 
pursue :  ilium  Pyrrhus ;  comi- 
nus  arva  (in  a  strong  poetical 
figure) .  —  Fig.,  pursue,  follow  up, 
harass,  be  close  upon  :  quid  te  ca- 
sus. — Neut.,  follow,  come  next,  en- 
sue. — With  inf.,  continue,  proceed. 

insero,  -rui,  -rtum,  -rere,  [in- 
sero],  3.  v.  •A..,  put  in,  insert. 

insj'i-o,  -sevi,  -sitiim,  -screre, 
[in-sero],  3.  v.  a.,  implant, plant, 
set  out,  engraft,  graft  (both  of  the 
stock  and  the  graft) :  insere  pi- 
ros ;  arbutus  ex  fetu  nucis. 

Iiisorto,  -avl,  -Stum,  -arc,  [in- 
serto,  cf.  insero],  i .  v.  a.,  put  in, 
thrust  in,  insert. 


insortus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of insero. 

insideo,  -sedi,  -sesstmi,  -sidciv, 
[in-sedeo],  2.  v.  n.  and  a.,  sit  up- 
on, sit  down  on.  —  Esp.,  settle  on, 
settle,  occupy.  —  Also,  lie  in  wait 
(cf.  insidiae),  plot.  (In  perf. 
tenses  undistinguishable  from  in- 
sido.) 

insidiae,  -arum,  [finsid-  (or  in- 
sido-  reduced) -f  ia  (cf.  <l«'ses, 
(Icsidia)j,  f.  plur.,  an  ambush, 
an  ambuscade,  a  lying  in  wait.  • — 
Less  exactly,  treachery,  a  strata- 
gem, wiles,  a  trick,  secret  mischief. 

—  Personified,    Craft,    Treachery. 

—  Poetically,  secret  flight  (of  N  i>us 
and  Euryalus  through  the  enemy's 
camp). 

insidiatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  iii- 
sidior. 

insidior,  -situs,  -ari,  [finsidia-], 
I.  v.  dep.,  lie  in  wait :  ovili  lu- 
pus (prowl  around). 

insido,  -sedi,  -sessum,  -sldoro, 
[in-sido],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  settle  on, 
sit  on,  alight  upon. 

iiisignio,  -Ivl  (-ii),  -Itum,  -Ire, 
[finsigni-],  4.  v.  a.,  mark,  adorn, 
deck. 

insiyiiis,  -o,  [fin-signo-  (weak- 
ened, decl.  as  adj.)],  adj.,  marked, 
conspicuous,  adorned,  splendid, 
decked,  brilliant.  —  Fig.,  conspicu- 
ous, famous,  renowned,  glorious, 
noble,  remarkable,  distinguished, 
extraordinary.  —  Neut.  sing,  and 
plur.  as  subst.,  Insignc  (iii>i^- 
nia),  a  device,  an  ornament,  a 
decoration,  an  ensign,  trappings, 
insignia. 

insincerus,-a,-um,  [in-sincerus], 
adj.,  impure,  corrupt,  tainted,  pu- 
trid. _ 

insinuo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [in- 
sinuo],  I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  work  in 
(by  winding  or  bending).  —  With 
reflexive  (or  without),  work  one's 
way  in,  steal  in.  —  Fig. :  pavor 
per  pectora  (steal  over) . 

iiisisto,  -stiti,  no  sup.,  -sislcre, 
[in-sisto],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  stand 
upon,  set  foot  upon,  tread,  enter 


Vocabulary. 


149 


upon,  begin. — Actively,  plant,  set  : 
vestigia. 

insitiis,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  insero. 

insolitus,  -a,  -inn,  [in-solitus] , 
adj.,  unwonted,  unaccustomed  to. 
—  Also,  unusual,  strange,  un- 
wonted: phocae  fugiunt  (against 
their  wont} . 

iiisomiiis,  -c,  [in-fsomno-  (weak- 
ened and  decl.  as  adj.)],  adj., 
sleepless,  unsleeping. 

iii-oni  n  i  n  m,  -I  (-ii),  [finsomni- ? 
(reduced)  +  ium],  n.,  a  dream,  a 
•vision. 

insono,  -sonui,  no  sup.,  -sonare, 
[in-sono],  I.  v.  n.,  sound,  re- 
sound, roar :  flagello  (crack)  ; 
ilia  demissa  per  auras  (come 
with  a  clang) ;  verbera  (cog. 
ace.,  rattle  blows,  crack  the  lash). 

insons,  -sontis,  [in-sons],  adj., 
innocent,  unoffending,  guiltless. 

insperatus,  -a,  -uin,  [in-spera- 
tus],  adj.,  unhoped  for,  unlocked 
for. 

inspicio,  -spexl,  -spcctum,  -spl- 
cere,  [in-spicio],  3.  v.  a.,  look  in 
upon,  overlook,  spy  out. 

iiispico,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [in- 
fspico],  I.  v.  a.,  sharpen,  point. 

inspire,  -avl,  -atuin,  -are,  [in- 
spiro],  I.  v.  a.,  breathe  in,  breathe 
upon.  —  Fig.,  inspire,  infuse  :  ig- 
nem  (enkindle). 

inspoliatus,  -a,  -um,  [in-spolia- 
tus],  adj.,  undespoiled,  unspoiled. 

iiistabilis,  -e,  [in-stabilis],  adj., 
unsteady,  unstable.  —  Fig.,  fickle, 
wavering,  vacillating. 

instar  [akin  to  in-sto],  n.  indecl., 
an  image,  a  likeness,  a  resem- 
blance.—  In  appos.,  as  adj.,  like, 
equal:  mentis  equus  (huge  as); 
agminis  Clausus  (the  equal). 

iiist aurat us,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  in- 
stauro. 

instauro,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [in- 
fstauro  (fstauro-,  cf.  Gr.  a-rau- 
p6s),  cf.  restanro],  I.  v.  a.,  (set 
up),  renew,  repeat,  begin  anew, 
rally :  acies ;  diem  donis  (re- 
feat  another  day) ;  talia  Grais 


(repeat,  requite) ;  instaurati  ani- 
mi  (courage  restored). 

Insteriio,-stravI,-stratum,-st<M-- 
nere,  [in-sterno],  3.  v.  a.,  spread 
over:  pontes  (thrcnu  out). — 
With  change  of  point  of  view, 
cover,  spread :  instratum  cubile 
(stre^vn  with) ;  instrati  ostro 
alipedes  (housed). 

Instigo,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [in- 
fstigo,  cf.  instinguo,  Gr.  a-rtfa"], 
I.  v.  a.,  goad  on.  —  Fig.,  stimu- 
late, encourage,  incite,  urge  on. 

Instituo,  -tul,  -tutum,  -tucro, 
[in-statuo],  3.  v.  a.,  set  up,  build, 
found.  —  Less  exactly,  establish, 
ordain,  introduce  a  custom,  teach 
(a  custom)  :  vestigia  mtda  (have 
by  long  established  custom) ;  dapes 
(prepare). 

insto,  -stitl,  -statum,  -stare,  [in- 
sto],  I.  v.  n.  and  a.,  stand  on, 
stand  ewer.  —  Less  exactly  (of 
military  action),  press  on,  pursue, 
assail,  attack,  threaten  :  iugis 
(threaten,  make  a  demonstration). 

—  Also   in  other    connections,  be 
busy,    urge    on,    be    troublesome, 
threaten,  impend,  be  urgent,  be  at 
hand,  be   ready,  press  on,  ply,  be 
eager,  strive,  be  bent  on  :  currum 
(cog.  ace.,  busily  prepare) ;   aris- 
tis  (be  devoted  to)\  operi;  tumul- 
tus  (be  imminent)  ;  aquae  (over- 
hang', of  a  figurehead). 

instratus,    -a,    -uin,   p.p.   of  lu- 

sterno. 
Instrepo,   -ui,   -itum,   -ere,   [in- 

strepo],  3.  v.  n.,  rattle,  creak. 
instructus,   -a,    -uin,  p.p.  of  in- 

struo. 
instruo,-struxi,-structuin,-stru- 

ere,  [in-struo],  3.  v.  a.,  (pile  up 

on),  pile  up:  mensas  (spread). 

—  Less   exactly,    arrange,    draw 
up,  array,  prepare,  set  in  order, 
furnish.  —  With   change  of  point 
of  view,  provide  (with),  furnish, 
arm  :  armis  socios ;  instructus 
Eois  adversis  (in  array  with); 
instructus  dolis  (armed  with). 

insuetus,   -a,    -um,    [in-suetus], 


ISO 


Vocabulary. 


adj.,  unaccustomed  to,  unused,  not 
•wont.  —  Passively,  unaccustomed, 
unusual,  unwonted,  unfamiliar. 
—  Neut.  plur.  as  adv.,  in  un- 
wonted wise,  unusually,  beyond 
one's  wont. 

ins u la,  -ae,  [in-stem  akin  to  sal], 
f.,  an  island. 

insulto,  -avi,  -at um,  -are,  [in- 
salto,  cf.  insilio],  I.  v.  a.  and  n., 
bound  upon,  leap  upon,  dance  on, 
prance  (on)  :  solo;  floribus  hae- 
di ;  aequore  sonipes.  —  Fig.,  ex- 
ult over,  insult.  —  Also,  bound 
into,  rush  into. 

1 11  sum,  Inful,  inesse,  [in-sum], 
irr.  v.  n.,  be  in,  be  on,  be  there. 

insuo,  -sul,  -sut um,  -suere,  [in- 
suo],  3.  v.  a.,  sew  in,  stitch  in. 

Insuper  [in-super],  adv.,  above, 
over,  over  all.  —  Less  exactly, 
moreover,  besides,  in  addition  to. 

insupcrabilis,-e,[in-superabilis], 
adj.,  unconquerable,  invincible. 

insurgo,  -surrexl,  -surrectum, 
-surgere,  [in-surgo],  3.  v.  n., 
rise  iipon.  —  Less  exactly,  rise, 
arise :  campis  tenebrae  (over- 
spread}. 

nisiit  MS,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  Insuo. 

intactus,  -a,  -um,  [in-tactus], 
adj.,  untouched,  unhurt,  un- 
harmed: seges  (without  touch- 
ing) ;  silvas  (unvisited,  an  un- 
tried theme).  —  Esp.  of  domestic 
animals,  unbroken,  ignorant  of 
the  yoke. — Also  of  women,  mai- 
den, chaste,  pure. 

integer,  -gra,  -grum,  [in-ftagro- 
(y'tag  +  rus),  cf.  intactus], 
adj.,  (untouched},  unbroken,  en- 
tire, whole.  —  Fig.,  fresh,  vigorous, 
unimpaired.  —  ab  integro,  as 
a.dv.,aneiv,  afresh. 

integro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fin- 
tegro-],  i.  v.  a.,  renew  (cf.  ab  in- 
tegro), repeat,  begin  anew. 

iiitcmeratus,  -a,  -um,  [in-teme- 
ratus],  adj.,  unpolluted,  untaint- 
ed, pure,  chaste :  vinum  (un- 
mixed}.—  Fig.,  inviolate,  pure: 
Camilla  (a  maid}. 


intempestus,  -a,  -um,  [in-ttem- 
pestus  (cf.  honestus),  cf.  tem- 

pestivus],  adj.,  ttntimely,  unsea- 
sonable :  nox  (a  technical  exp., 
the  dead  of  night}.  —  Also,  nox 
(with  reference  to  the  orig.  mean- 
ing, gloomy,  unpropitious} .  —  Also 
(cf.  temperies),  unwholesome, 
unhealthy. 

intemptatus  (inten-),  -a,  -um, 
[in-temptatus] ,  adj.,  untried. 

intendo,  -teiidl,  -tentum  (-ten- 
sum),  [in-tendo],  3.  v.  a.,  stretch 
upon,  stretch  to,  stretch,  strain  : 
arcum  (bend,  from  stretching  the 
string) ;  vela  (spread} ;  sagittam 
(aim,  cf.  arcum  above)  ;  vincula 
(strain};  vela  Zephyri  ^vell}. 

—  With  change  of  point  of  view, 
stretch  with,  hang  with,  cover  with: 
bracchia  tergo ;  bracchia  velis  ; 
locum  sertis. — Poetically :  vocem 
c  ornu  (sir a  in  with} ;  numer  os  ner- 
vis  (strain  the  strings  with  notes}. 

—  intentus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
strained,  stretched.  — Fig.,  on  the 
stretch,  strained,  straining,  intent, 
eager. 

iuteutatus,  -a,  -um ;  see  intemp- 
tatus. 

inteiito,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fin- 
tento-  (but  cf.  tento)],  i.  v.  a., 
stretch  out :  angues  (hold  threat- 
eningly, brandish}.  —  Fig.,  threat- 
en, menace. 

intentus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  intendo. 

intepeo,  -tepui,  no  sup.,  -tepere, 
[in-tepeo],  2.  v.  n.,  become  warm, 
be  warmed :  mucro  (taste  blood}. 

inter  [in  +  ter  (reduced  from-tero, 
cf.  subter,  interior),  comp.  of 
in],  prep,  and  adv.  Prep.,  between, 
among,  amid,  in  among,  into  the 
midst  of.  —  Sometimes  from  a  dif- 
ferent conception  in  Latin,  in, 
through,  on  :  inter  valles  (of  the 
two  sides) ;  arva  inter  opima. 

—  Esp.  :    inter    manus,    in    the 
hands,  in  the  power.  —  With  ge- 
rund, while :  inter  bibendum.  — 
With  reflexive  (as  reciprocal),  w ith 
each  other,  on,  from,  by,  to,  &c.,  in 


Vocabulary. 


ill  reciprocal  relations :  inter  vos 
(with  each  other}  ;  inter  sese  (^al- 
ternately') .  —  Adv.  in  composition, 
between,  cff,  awav,  ainon^,  together, 
cf.  iiitercipio,  intercludo,  in- 
tereo,  intermisceo,  internecto. 

intercipio,  -cepl,  -ccptum,  -ei- 
pere,  [inter-capio],  3.  v.  a.,  in- 
tercept. 

intercludo,  -cliisi,  -clusuin,  -clu- 
dere,  [inter-cludo],  3.  v.  a.,  shut 
off,  cut  off,  detain. 

interdum[inter-dum,cf.interim], 
adv.,  sometimes. 

iiiterea  [inter-ea  (prob.  abl.  of  is, 
cf.  supra)],  adv.,  meanwhile, 
meantime.  —  Less  exactly,  in  these 
circumstances,  at  that  lime. 

intereo,  -Ivi  (-ii),  -itum,  -Ire, 
[inter-eo],  irr.  v.  n.,  perish,  die, 
be  slain,  fall  (in  battle) . 

interf  atus,  -a,  -uiu,  p.p.  of  inter- 
ior. 

interficio,  -f  eci,  -fectuni,  -flcere, 
[inter-facio,  cf.  intereo],  3.  v.  a., 
kill.  —  Less  exactly,  destroy,  kill 
(of  harvests),  lay  waste. 

interf  or,  -fatus,  -fari,[inter-for], 
I.  v.  dep.,  interrupt. 

Interfundo,  -f udi,  -fusum,  -fnn- 
dere,  [inter-fundo],  3.  v.  &.,pour 
between.  —  Pass.,  floiv  between.  — 
With  change  of  point  of  view, 
overflow,  suffuse,  stain,  fleck. 

interfusus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  inter- 
fuiido. 

iiit<>riiii<73,-eiiil,-emptuin,-imere, 
[inter-emo,  take(ci.  interficio)  ] , 
3.  v.  a.,  kill,  slay,  strike  down. 

interior,  -ius,  [fintero-  (reduced, 
cf.  inter) +ior],  comp.  adj.,  inner, 
inside :  domus  (the  interior  of, 
&.C.).  —  Neut.  as  adv.,  more  deeply. 
—  Superl.,  in!  i mus,  -a, -uni,  [in 
+  timus,  cf.  fiiiitimus],  inmost, 
farthest. 

interitus,  -us,  [inter-itus,  cf.  in- 
tereo], m.,  death. 

interlego,  -legi,  -lectuin,  -legere, 
(also  separated),  [inter-lego],  3. 
v.  a.,  cull  here  and  there,  pluck 
here  and  there. 


interluceo,  -luxl,  no  sup.,  -lucere, 
[inter-luceo],  2.v.  n.,shine  through. 
— Less  exactly,  show  light  through. 

interluo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -lucre, 
[inter-luo],  3.  v.  a.,//tna  between, 
wash  (of  rivers). 

intermisceo,  -iniscui,  -mixtum 
(mistum),  -miscere,  [inter- 
misceo], 2.  v.  a.,  mix  in,  inter- 
mingle. 

internecto,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -noc- 
tere,  [inter-necto] ,  3.  v.  a.,  bind 
together,  bind  up,  knot  up. 

interpres,  -etis,  [?],  comm.,  an 
agent,  a  messenger,  an  interpre- 
ter :  divum  (a  prophet) ;  harum 
curarum  {author,  of  Juno  as  agent 
in  the  marriage  relation). 

interritus,  -a,  -uni,  [in-territus], 
adj.,  undaunted,  unterrifled,  fear- 
less, undismayed,  without  fear  (of 
danger). 

interrumpo,  -rupi,  -ruptum, 
-rumpere,  [inter-rumpo],  3-v.a., 
break  off,  discontinue  :  ignes  (die 
out). 

interruptus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  in- 
terrumpo. 

interstrepo,  no  perf.,  no  sup., 
-strepere,  [inter-strepo],  3.  v.  a., 
make  a  noise  among,  drown  (of 
noise) :  anser  (cackle  among, 
drowning  the  notes  of  others). 

intersiim,  -fui,  no  sup.,  -esse, 
[inter- sum],  irr.  v.  n.,  be  engaged 
in,  join,  share. 

intertexo,  -texui,  -textuin,  -tex- 
ere,  [inter-texo],  3.  v.  a.,  inter- 
weave. 

intertextus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  in- 
tertexo. 

intervallum,  -i,  [inter-vallum] ,  n., 
(space  behueen  pales  or  stakes  of  the 
rampart),  distance  (between),  in- 
terval. 

intexo,  -texui,  -textum,  -texere, 
[in-texo],  3.  v.  a.,  weave  in,  in- 
terweave, entwine,  interlace.  — 
With  change  of  point  of  View,  sur- 
round, entwine  (with  something)  : 
vitibus  ulmos.  —  Of  the  effect, 
'weave,  weave  in :  intextum  opus  • 


152 


Vocabulary. 


intexti  Britanni  (in  a  work  of 
art) . 

intextus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  intexo. 

int iiiius,  see  interior. 

intono,-ui,-atum,  -nre,[in-tono], 
I.  v.  n.,  thunder. 

in  to  us  us,  -a,  -um,  [in-tonsus], 
adj.,  unshorn,  unshaven. — Less  ex- 
actly, of  mountains,  unshorn,rough. 

intorquo<5,  -torsi,  -tortum,  -tor- 
quere,[in-torqueo],  2.  v.  a.,  turn, 
roll.  —  Also,  brandish,  hurl. 

iiitortus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  in- 
torqueo. 

intra  [fintero-  (syncopated),  prob. 
abl.  case,  cf.  infra],  prep.,  within 
(of  position  or  motion),  inside. 

intractabilis,  -e,  [in-tractabilis] , 
adj.,  unmanageable,  fierce,  violent. 

intraetatus,  -a,  -um,  [in-tracta- 
tus],  adj.,  untried  (by  others  read 
iutemptatus). 

intrcmo,  -ui,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [in- 
tremo],  3.  v.  n.,  tremble,  quake, 
quiver. 

iiitro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fintero- 
(syncopated),  cf.  intra],  i.  v.  a., 
enter:  ripas  (sail  within}. — 
Fig.,  enter,  penetrate,  pervade: 
calor  medullas. 

introgredior,  -gressus,  -gredi, 
[intro-gradior],  3.  v.  dep.,  enter, 
conu'  in. 

introgressus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  in- 
trogredior. 

intubus  (-um),  -i,  [Or.  evrvQov~\, 
m.,  f.,  n.,  endive,  succory. 

i nt  ul i,  see  infero. 

int  us  [in  +  tus,  cf.  divinitus], 
adv.,  within  (cf.  a  dextra  par- 
te),  inside,  in  doors,  in  the  house. 

iiitylms,  see  intubus. 

iiiiiltus,  -a,  -um,  [in-ultus],  adj., 
unavenged, 

inumbro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [in- 
umbro],  I .  v.  a.,  overshadow,  shade, 
canopy, 

in  undo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [in- 
undo],  i.  v.  n.  and  a.,  overflow, 
flow. —  Less  exactly,  swarm. 

inuro,  -ussi,  -ustuin,  -urere,  [in- 
uro], 3.  v.  a.,  burn  in,  brand. 


iinitilis,  -e,  [in-utilis],  adj.,  use- 
less, unavailing,  impotent.  —  Less 
exactly,  injurious. 

Inuus,  -i,  [akin  to  ineo],  m.,  a  god 
identified  with  Pan  as  guardian  of 
cattle. — Castrum  Inui,  a  town 
of  Latium. 

invado,  -vasl,  -vasum,  -vadere, 
[in-vado],  3.  v.  n.  and  a.,  go  into, 
go  against,  proceed,  go  on,  begin. 
— Also,  attack,  invade,  storm,  rush 
into,  rush  in,  force:  thalamum 
(violate).  —  Fig.,  enter  upon,  un- 
dertake. 

invalidus,  -a,  -um,  [in-validus], 
adj.,  infirm,  feeble,  weak,  power- 
less. 

invectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  inveho. 

inveho,  -vexi,  -vectum,  -vehere, 
[in-veho],  3.  v.  a.,  bear  on,  bear 
against.  —  Pass.,  ride,  sail,  be 
borne^ 

invenio,  -veni,  -ventum,  -venire, 
[in-venio],  4.  v.  a.,  come  upon, 
hit  ttpon,  find  (esp.  by  accident, 
cf.  reperio,  find  by  search),  dis- 
cover, find  (learn). — inventus, 
-a,  -um,  p.p.  —  Neut.,  a  discov- 
ery, an  ini'tintion. 

inventor,  -oris,  [in-fventor,  cf. 
invenio],  m.,  a  finder,  a  discov- 
erer, a  deviser,  a  contriver. 

inventrix,  -icis,  [in-fventrix,  cf. 
inventor  and  invenio],  f.,  a 
finder,  an  inventor  (female),  a 
discoverer,  an  originator. 

inventus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  invenio. 

iuvergo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -ver- 
gere,  [in-vergo],  3.  v.  a.,  turn 
downward,  empty.  —  Less  exactly, 
pour  down  upon  (a  sacrificial 
word),  pour  (by  inversion  of  a  ves- 
•el). 

inverto,  -verti,  -versum,  -verte- 
re,  [in-verto],  3.  v.  a.,  upturn, 
overturn.  —  Esp.  with  the  plough, 
turn  in  furrows.  —  Less  exactly, 
change  :  caelum  nox  (change  the 
aspect  of) . 

invictiis,  -a,  -um,  [in-victus], 
adj.,  unconquercd,  zinconquerable, 
invincible. 


Vocabulary. 


153 


invideo,  -vidl,  -visuni,   -videre, 

[in-video],  2.  v.  n.  and  a.,  (look 
askance  af),  envy,  be  jealous  of, 
grudge,  deny  (as  if  from  jealousy). 

—  invisus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
hateful,  hostile,  troublesome. — Pass- 
ively, an  object  of  hatred,  hated, 
detested,    odious :    baud    invisus 
caelestibus  (not  unfriended  by}. 

iuvidia,  -ae,  [finvido-  (reduced) 
+  ia],  f.,  envy,  hatred,  malice, 
grudging,  jealousy :  quae  est  ? 
(jvhy  grudge  ?) . 

iiivigilo,  -avi,  -atuin,  -are,  [in- 
vigilo],  I.  v.  n.,  be  awake,  be  dili- 
gent, be  attentive  to. 

inviolabilis,  -e,  [in-violabilis], 
adj.,  inviolable,  sacred . 

inviso,  -visi,  -visum,  -visere,  [in- 
viso],  3.  v.  a.,  look  upon,  view. — 
Also,  visit,  go  to  see  (cf.  viso). 

invisus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  invideo. 

iuvisus,  -a,  -um,  [in-visusj,  adj., 
unseen. 

in vi to,  -avi,  -atuin,  -are,  [?], 
I.  v.  a.,  invite,  allure,  persuade. 

—  lisp.,  entertain  :  Aenean  solio 
acerno  (seat  hospitably) . 

invitus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  un- 
willing, with  reluctance,  reluctant, 
against  one's  will. — Often  equal 
to  an  adverb. 

invius,  -a,  -um,  [in-fvia  (decl.  as 
adj.)J,  adj.,  pathless,  inaccessible, 
difficult  of  access,  difficult  (of  pass- 
age), dangerous. 

invoco,  -avi,  -atiim,  -are,  [in- 
voco],  I.  v.  a.,  call  upon,  worship, 
adore,  invoke. 

involve,  -volvi,  -volutum,  -vol- 
vcre,  [in-volvo],  3.  v.  a.,  roll 
upon,  roll  over,  roll  in,  roll  along. 
— With  change  of  point  of  view, 
enwrap,  involve,  surround,  cover, 
shut  in,  engulf.  —  Often  of  fire, 
water,  and  the  like. 

io  [Gr.  \<a\,  inter].,  ho  !  (a  cry  of  wild 
excitement,  either  of  joy  or  grief). 

Io,  -us,  [Gr.  '!&$],  f.,  daughter  of 
Inachus,  beloved  by  Jupiter,  and 
changed  by  Juno,  from  jealousy, 
into  a  cow. 


lollas,  -ae,  [Gr.  'loA/Vos],  m. :  I.  A 
shepherd ;  2.  A  Trojan. 

luiiius,  -a,  -um,  [flon  +  ius],  adj., 
(of  loti),  Ionian  (of  the  sea  so 
called)  :  fluctus  ;  mare.  —  Neut., 
the  Ionian  Sea. 

lopas,  -ae,  [?],  m.,  a  Carthaginian 
bard. 

Iphitus,  -i,  [Gr.  "tyrroj],  m.,  a 
Trojan. 

ipse,  -a,  -um,  -ius,  [is-pse  (cf. 
-pte,  perh.  =  potis)],  pron.  in- 
tens.,  self,  very,  even.  —  Without 
other  pronoun  or  noun,  himself, 
yourself,  cScc.  —  In  special  phrases : 
ipsi  venient,  of  themselves,  volun- 
tarily ;  ipse,  the  chief,  the  leader 
(as  opposed  to  the  men) ;  ipsi, 
the  men  (as  opposed  to  the  ships). 

ira,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  anger,  wrath,  rage, 
fury.  —  Also  plur.  —  Personified, 
Passion  (of  wrath). 

irascor,  iratus,  irasci,  [fira-  (of 
lost  firo)  +  sco],  I.  v.  dep.,  be 
angry,  become  enraged. —  Less  ex- 
actly, vent  one's  rage,  angrily  at- 
tack. —  iratus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  as 
adj.,  angry,  enraged,  furious. 

iratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  irascor. 

Iris,  -idis  (also  -is),  f.,  the  messen- 
ger of  the  gods,  the  personified 
rainbow. 

irremeabilis,  see  inremeabilis. 

irr-,  compounds  of  in,  see  inr-,  the 
more  approved  spelling. 

is,  ea,  id,  eius,  [pron.  y'i],  pron. 
clem.,  he,  she,  it,  they,  this,  that, 
these,  those,  such,  a  (with  a  correl- 
ative), so  great. 

Ismara,  -drum,  [cf. Ismarus],  n., 
a  town  in  Thrace  near  Mt.  Ismarus. 

Ismarius,  -a,  -um,  [flsmaro  + 
ius],  adj.,  ofMt.  Ismarus.  (Others 
read  Imarius.) 

Ismarus,  -i,  [Gr.  "lo-^apos],  m. : 
I.  A  mountain  of  Thrace  ;  2.  A 
Lydian  in  the  Trojan  ranks. 

iste,  ista,  istud,  istius,  [is-tus 
(pron.  -y/ta,  cf.  turn,  tain,  tan- 
tus)],  pron.  dem.,  that  (esp.  re- 
ferring in  some  way  to  the  person 
addressed),  he,  she,  they,  these, 


154 


Vocabulary. 


those.  —  Esp.  of  one's  opponent  or 
one  against  whom  one  has  a  grudge, 
such  as  you,  that,  those,  such,  that 
sort  of. 

later,  -ri,  [Gr.  "Itrrpos],  (Hlster, 
the  spelling  now  in  vogue],  m., 
the  Danube.  —  Less  exactly,  of  the 
nations  around  it. 

istic  [isti-ce,  cf.  hlc],  adv.,  there 
(where  you  are,  or  the  like,  cf. 
iste). 

istinc  [istim-ce,  cf.  hinc],  adv., 
from  there  (where  you  are,  cf. 
iste),  where  you  are. 

Ita  [pron.  ^i-ta  (unc.  case  of  pron. 
-y/ta,  cf.  tain,  etc.)],  adv.,  so,  in 
that  way,  just  so,  thus,  such  a  : 
ita  .  .  .  ut  (just  as)  ;  baud  ita 
me  expert!  (not  like  that}.  —  In 
asseverations  (cf.  the  form  of  oath 
in  English),  so  (and  only  so  as 
what  I  say  is  true). 

Italia,  -ae,  [fltalo-  (reduced)  + 
ia,  f.  of  -ius],  f.,  Italy.  —  Less 
exactly,  the  people  (as  in  Eng.). 

I  tails,  -idis,  [Gr.  patronymic  from 
Italus],  f.  adj.,  an  Italian  (wom- 
an), of  Italy. 


Italus,  -a,  -um,  [prob.  Gr.  'l 
bull,  cf.  vitulus],  Italian. 

item  [pron.  yi  +  tern  (pron.  y'ta,  cf. 
ita)],  adv.,  likeivise,  also,  as  well. 

iter,  itineris,  [unc.  formation  of 
•^i],  n.,  a  'way,  a  course,  a  jour- 
ney, a  passage. 

iterum  [neut.  of  fitero-  (pron.  -^i 
+  terus,  cf.  alter)],  adv.,  a  second 
time,  again,  repeatedly,  once  more. 

Ithacus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  "Iflctat/],  adj. 
(used  as  adj.  of  Ithaca,  which  is 
properly  its  fern.),  Ithacan,  of 
Ithaca  (the  home  of  Ulysses  in  the 
Ionian  Sea) .  —  Fern.,  the  island 
itself,  Ithaca. 

Ityraeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Tri/paTa], 
adj.,  of  Iturira  (a  region  of  Syria, 
famous  for  its  bowmen). 

Itys,  -yos,  [Gr.  "Irus],  m.,  a  Trojan. 

lulus,  -I,  [Gr.  "louAos],  m.,  a  name 
of  Ascanius,  son  of  tineas. 

Ixion,  -onis,  [Gr.  'Iffav],  m.,a  king 
of  the  Lapithre,  who  was  bound  to 
a  wheel  in  the  world  below  as  a 
punishment  for  his  crimes. 

Ixionius,  -a,  -um,  [flxion-f-  ius], 
adj.,  of  Ixion. 


I  (consonant). 


iaceo,    iacui,    iacitum,    iacere, 

[prob.  adj.  stem  akin  to  iacio], 
2.  v.  n.,  lie,  lie  down.  —  Esp.,  lie 
dead,  lie  low.  —  Also,  lie,  be  situ- 
ated. —  Also,  lie  (remain).  — Fig., 
lie  prostrate,  succumb,  be  exhaust- 
ed, be  overcome. — iacens,  -ntis, 
p.  as  adj.,  prostrate,  low-lying, 
fallow. 

iacio,  ieci,  iactum,  iacere,  [-^iac 
(of  unc.  kindred)],  3.  v.  a.,  throw, 
cast,  hurl,  fling.  —  Esp.  of  foun- 
dations, &c.,  lay,  throw,  throw  up  : 
muros.  —  Fig.,  in  similar  sense, 
found,  rest:  spem.  —  Of  sowing 
and  the  like,  casl,  sow,  scatter  : 
flores ;  iacto  semine. 

iactatus,  -a,  -am,  p.p.  of  iacto. 

iacto,  -avi,  -a turn,  -are,  [fiacto-], 
I.  v.  a.,  throw,  cast,  hurl,  scatter, 
stniv.  —  Also,  toss,  agitate,  throw 


(to  and  fro)  :  bidentea  (ply) ; 
iactata  tellus  (stir).  —  Fig.,  toss, 
drive,  pursue.  —  Also,  throw  out, 
emit,  send  forth,  utter,  pour  forth  : 
voces ;  odorem ;  iurgia  (bandy) ; 
volnera  (inflict). — Also,  revolve  : 
pectore  curas.  —  With  reflexive, 
boast,  plume  one's  self,  glory,  vaunt 
one's  self,  show  one's  pride,  pride 
'one's  self. — Phrase :  prae  se  iacto, 
boast,  assert  boastfully,  vaunt.  — 
iactans,  -antis,  p.  as  adj.,  boast- 
ful, arrogant. 

lartura,  -ae,  [fiactu-  (lengthened, 
cf.  figura)  +  ra  (f.  of  -rus)],  f., 
a  thrmuing  away.  —  Fig.,  loss. 

iactus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  iacio. 

iactus,  -us,  [-^/iac  +  tus],  m.,  a 
throwing,  a  throw,  a  cast,  a  leap, 
a  spring,  a  shot  (of  an  arrow) . 

iaculatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  iaculor. 


Vocabulary. 


155 


iaculor,  -atus,  -ari,  [fiaculo-], 
I.  v.  dep.,  hurl  a  javelin.  —  Less 
exactly,  throw,  cast,  fling,  dart. 

iaeiilmn,  -i,  [fiaco-  (yiac  +  us, 
of.  iaceo,  iaoio)],  n.,  a  javelin, 
a  dart,  a  missile  -weapon. 

lain  [?],  adv.,  now  (implying  a  con- 
tinuance, cf.  mine,  an  immediate 
now),  already,  now  (as  soon  as*), 
at  last,  now  at  length,  from  this 
time  on,  presently. — Often  with 
pres.  and  imperf.,  begin  to  (do  any- 
thing) .  —  Phrases :  nee  iam,  and 
no  more ;  iam  inde,  imme- 
diately ;  iam  turn,  even  then  ; 
iam  dudum,  long  ago,  long  since, 
already;  iam  pridem,  long  since ; 
iam  iam,  at  every  moment,  even 
now;  iam  nunc,  even  mmj.  —  In 
logical  sense,  now,  again,  more- 
over. —  With  comparatives,  still, 
( ;•</!,  no~M. 

iamdudum,  see  iam. 

iampridem,  see  iam. 

laiiiculum,  -i,  [flano+culum],  n., 
the  Janiculine  (the  hill  at  Rome). 

ianitor,  -oris  [land  (cf.  iamia) 
-f  tor  (cf.  viator)],  m.,  a  door- 
keeper, guardian  (of  an  entrance). 

iiimia,  -ae,  [akin  to  lanus],  f.,  a 
door,  an  entrance. —  Less  exactly, 
an  avenue,  a  means  of  access,  a 

way. 

lanus,  -I,  [akin  to  dies,  Jupiter, 
and  Diana],  in.,  an  Italian  di- 
vinity, represented  with  two  faces, 
presiding  over  doorways  and  be- 
ginnings of  things. 

irrur,  ieeoris  (iecinoris),  [two 
stems  from  unc.  root,  cf.  iter],  n., 
the  liver. 

ieiuiiiiim,  -I  (-ii),  [fieiuno-  (re- 
duced) +  ium],  n.,  a  fast,  fasting. 
—  From  the  effect,  leanness. 

ieiiiuus,  -a,  -am,  [unc.  root  redupl. 
+  nus],  adj.,  fasting. —  Less  ex- 
actly and  fig.,  barren,  scanty, 
mea 

lovis,  see  lupiter. 

iuba,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  the  mane. — Tratis- 
ferred,  the  crest  (of.  a  helmet,  made 
of  hair) . 


iubar,  -aris,   [akin   to  iuba],  n., 

rays  of  light,  brightness.  —  Less 
exactly,  the  dawn,  the  morning. 

iubeo,  iussi,  iussum,  iubere, 
[?,  ius  habeo,  cf.  veto],  2.  v.  a., 
bid '(in  all  shades  of  meaning), 
order,  command,  ordain.  —  ius- 
sus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  bidden, 
presented,  ordered,  directed.  — 
Neut.,  a  command,  an  order,  a 
mandate. 

iucundus,  -a,  -um,  [perh.  akin  to 
iuvo],  adj.,  pleasant,  agreeable, 
grateful. 

iudex,  -icis,  [fius-dex  (^/dic  as 
stem)],  comm.,  a  judge,  an  arl>i- 
trator :  iudice  te  (with,  you  to 
decide) . 

indicium,  -I  (-ii),  [fiudic  +  ium], 
n.,  a  decision,  a  judgment. 

iugiilis,  -e,  [fiugo-  (reduced)  + 
alis],  adj.,  of  the  yoke. —  As  subst., 
horses.  —  Fig.,  of  the  marriage 
bond,  conjugal,  of  marriage.  • — 
nuptial. 

iugerum,  -I,  [akin  to  iugum],  n., 
an  acre  (loosely ;  properly  a  little 
more  than  one-half  an  acre). 

iugo,  -avi,  -atuin,  -are,  [fiugo-], 
I.  v.  a.,  unite  (in  marriage). 

iugulo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fiugu- 
16],  I.  v.  a.,  cut  the  throat.  —  Less 
exactly,  kill,  slay,  slaughter,  sacri- 
fice. 

iugulum,  -i,  [fiugo  +  Ium],  n.,  the 
collar  bone  (forming  a  kind  of 
yoke). —  Less  exactly,  the  throat, 
the  neck. 

iugum,  -i,  [  -y/iug  +  um]>  n->  a  yoke, 
a  team,  a  pair  of  horses.  —  From 
similarity,  a  ridge,  a  thwart.  — 
Esp.,  the  yoke  (under  which  con- 
quered soldiers  were  sent,  and  also 
used  generally  to  signify  conquest) . 

lulius,  -a,  -um,  [fluid-  (reduced) 
+  ius],  adj.,  Julian  (the  name  of 
the  gens  at  Rome  to  which  Caesar 
belonged).  —  Esp.,  Julian  (of 
Julius  C'a-sar). — •  Masc.,  lulius, 
the  name  of  Cains  Cn.-sar,  and  his 
adopted  son  Augustus. 

iunetura,  -ae,   [fiunctu-  (length- 


I56 


Vocabulary. 


ened)  +  ra],  {.,  a  joint,  a  fasten- 
ing. 

iiinctiis,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  iungo. 

i line  us,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  rush,  a  bul- 
rush. 

Iungo,  iuiixl,  iunctum,  iungere, 
[-^/iug],  3.  v.  a.,  join,  unite,  fas- 
ten, yoke,  harness,  attach.  —  Esp. 
of  the  hand,  clasp,  join.  —  Of  trea- 
ties, join,  unite,  make,  celebrate. 
—  Of  marriage,  unite.  —  Of  the 
effect,  make  (by  joining)  :  pontes 
(throw  out). 

iuniperus,  -I,  [?],  f.,  the  juniper. 

1 11  no,  -onis,  [prob.  for  lovino, 
akin  to  lupiter],  f.,  the  queen  of 
the  gods,  wife  of  Jupiter,  patroness 
of  the  Greeks  against  the  Trojans, 
identified  with  Astarte,  the  deity 
of  the  Phoenicians.  —  Less  exactly, 
of  Proserpine,  queen. 

In  nonius,  -a,  -uin,  [flunon+ius], 
adj.,  of  Juno. 

luppitcr  (lupi-),  lovis,  [flovi- 
(perh.  nom.  lovis)  -pater,  akin 
to  Zeus],  in.,  Jupifer,  Jove,  the 
supreme  divinity  of  the  Romans, 
identified  also  with  the  Greek  Zeus, 
being  originally  the  same  divinity, 
though  later  with  somewhat  differ- 
ent attributes.  — Also,  as  a  personi- 
fication of  the  atmosphere,  the  sky, 
the  air,  the  weather,  the  rain.  — 
Less  exactly  of  Pluto,  the  king  of 
the  lower  -world. 

iurgium,  -I,  (-11),  [fiurgo-  (ius- 
agus,  cf.  prodigus)  reduced,  + 
ium],  n.,  quarrelling,  a  quarrel, 
strife,  upbraiding,  reproof,  revil- 
ing, altercation,  abuse,  a  com- 
plaint. 

iflro,  -avi,  -atiiui,  -arc,  [fins-  (or 
fiuro,  cf.  periunis)],  i.  v.  n.  and 
a.,  swear  t  swear  by. 

ius,  iuris,  [  yiu  (simpler  form  akin 
to  -v/iuS)  +U8]>  n->  rig/1*)  justice, 
law  (unwritten,  cf.  lex,  statute). — 
Concretely,  a  right,  a  privilege,  a 
claim.  —  Also,  a  tie  (of  right  that 
one  holds  over  another),  a  claim, 
a  right. — Abl.  lure,  as  adv.,  with 
justice,  justly,  deservedly,  rightly. 


iussuin,  -i;  see  lubeo. 

iussus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  iubeo. 

inssus,  -us,  [root  of  in  boo  +  tus], 
m.,  a  command,  a  mandate. 

iustitia,  -ae,  [fiusto+tia  (as  if 
fiustito  +  ia,  cf.  amicitia)],  f., 
justice,  rig/it,  uprightness.  —  Per- 
sonified, justice. 

iustus,  -a,  -um,  [fius  +  tus,  cf. 
robustus],  adj.,  just,  fit/ing, 
rig/it,  regular.  —  Of  persons,  ju*t, 
upright.  —  Less  exactly,  fair,  pro- 
portional, equal.  —  Abl.  iusto, 
with  comparatives,  than  is  right, 
than  is  just. 

luturna,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  the  sister  of 
Turnus. 

iuvcnca,  -ae,  [f.  of  invencus],  f., 
a  heifer. 

iuvencns,  -I,  [fiuven-  (earlier  form 
of  fiuveni)  +  cus],  m.,  a  bullock, 
a  steer,  a  bull. 

iuvenilis  (-alis),  -e,  [tiuveni-  + 
ills  (-alis)J,  adj.,  of  youth,  of  a 
youth,  youtliful. 

iuvenis,  -e,  [?,  stem  orig.  without 
the  i,  cf.  gen.  plur.  iiivcnuiii  and 
iuvencus],  adj.,  young,  youthful. 

—  As  subst.,  a  young  man  (in  the 
prime  of  life,  up  to  forty-five  years). 

—  Also,    of    animals,   young    tat- 
tle. 

iuventa,  -ae,  [fiuven+ta  (f.  of 
tus?)],  i., youth. 

iuventus,  -utis,  [fiuven  +  tus  (as 
if  fiuventu  +  tis,  cf.  scncdus 
and  Carinentis)],  f.,  youth. — 
Concretely,  as  in  Eng.,  the 
voting  //uii.  —  Also,  the  young  (of 
cattle) . 

iuvo,  iuvi,  iutum,  iuvarc,  [prob. 
akin  to  iuvenis,  iocus,  aiul  iu- 
cundus],  I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  help,  aid, 
assist,  profit,  avail,  be  of  use.  — 
Also,  pU&se,givt  pleasure,  delight. 

—  Often  impers.  with  an  inf.,  it  de- 
lights, one  is  pleased,  one  rejoices, 
one  is  glad. 

iuxta  [case-form  of  fiuxto-  (superl. 
of  ^iugo-,  cf.  Gr.  -ICTTOS)],  adv. 
and  prep.,  near  by,  near,  closely, 
next  to,  next)  by  one's  side. 


Vocabulary. 


157 


labans,  -antis;  see  labo. 
labefaeio,  -fed,  -faotuin,  -facere, 

[flabe-  (unc.  form,  cf.  lubes)  fa- 
cio],  3.  v.  a.,  make  to  totter. — 
Esp.,  crumble  (of  the  soil,  by  dig- 
ging).—  Fig.,  weaken,  cause  to 
waver.  —  labefactus,  -a,  -um, 
p.p.  as  adj.,  shaken,  agitated,  over- 
come, shattered,  crumbled. 

liibci'actus,  -a,  -inri,  p.p.  of  labe- 
faeio. 

labellum,  -I,  [flabro-  (cf.  ager) 
4-  lum],  n.,  a  lip  (dim.  of  affec- 
tion). 

lubes,  -is,  [  -y/lab  (cf.  labor)  +  es], 
f.,  a  fall,  a  slide,  a  giving  awav  : 
prima  mail  (first  stroke  ofmisfor- 
fttfu). 

lubes,  -is,  [?,  perh.  same  word  as 
preceding],  f.,  a  taint,  a  spot,  a 
sin  in,  a  plague  spot. 

Ijubiei,  -orum,  [?],  m.  plur.,  name 
of  a  people  of  Latium,  of  the  town 
of  Labicum. 

labo,  -uvl,  -Stum,  -are,  [^/lab 
(prob.  through  noun-stem) ],i.  v.n., 
totter,  stagger.  —  Fig.,  waver,  -vac- 
illate. —  labans,  -antis,  p.,  totter- 
ing, wavering,  vacillating,  Yield- 
ing. 

labor,  lapsus,  labi,  [-y/lab,  cf. 
labo,  labes],  3.  v.  dep.,  slide, 
glide,  fall,  slip,  float,  descend,  sink, 
sivoop  (of  birds),  penetrate. — 
Fig.,  glide  on,  glide  away,  slip 
in.'iir,  pass  away,  fall,  fail,  de- 
cline.—  labens,  -critis,  p.  as  adj. 
with  participial  meanings ;  also, 
slippery  :  oleum. 

labor,  -oris,  [^/lab  +  or  (os)], 
m.,  toil,  labor,  exertion,  strength. 
—  Also,  less  exactly,  sorrow',  pangs, 
trial,  trouble,  misfortune. — -Also, 
of  the  effect,  fatigue,  training; 
also,  fruit  of  toil.  —  Esp.  of  travail, 
pangs,  throes,  labor.  —  Also,  task, 
care,  business-*  —  Of  the  sun  and 
moon,  struggle,  eclipse. —  IVrsoni- 
lied,  Toil.  " 
laboratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  laboro. 


laboro,  -avi,  -fituin,  -are,  [fla- 
bor-],  I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  elaborate, 

work  out,  work,  labor,  take  pains. 

—  laboratus,    -a,     -urn,     p.p., 
wrought,    worked,    wrought     out. 
—  laborans,  -antis,  p.  as  subst., 
one  struggling. 

1.  labrum,  -I,  [?],  n.,  a  lip. —  Less 
exactly,  an  edge. 

2.  labrum,  -I,  [?],  n.,  a  vat,  a  tub, 
a  vessel,  a  vase. 

labrusca,  -ae  (-um,  -I),  [?],  f.  and 
n.,  a  wild  vine. 

labyrinth  us,  -I,  [Gr.  \a.&vpii>9os~\, 
m.,  a  labyrinth.  —  Esp.,  the  laby- 
rinth at  Crete. 

lac,  laotis,  [perh.  akin  to  yd\a],  n., 
milk. — Less  exactly,  milky  juice. 

—  Phrase  :  pressum  lac,  cheese. 
Laciicuus,  -a,  -urn,  [Gr.  AOKCIU'OS], 

adj.,    Lacedamoniant    J.aconian. 

—  Esp.  in  fern.,  the  Spartan  dame, 
Helen. 

Liaceclaemon,  -onis,  [Gr.  Aa/ceScu- 
/uajj/],  f.,  Lacedcemon,  or  Sparta. 

Ijacedaemonius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr. 
AaKeSaiyUcij'jos], adj., Spartan,  Lace- 
dczmonian. 

laeer, -era,  -erum,  [^^(dac?, 
cf.  laerima)  +  rus] ,  adj.,  torn, 
mangled,  maimed,  bruised,  disfig- 
ured. 

lacero,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [flace- 
r5-J,  I.  v.  a.,  tear,  rend,  tear  in 
pieces,  mangle. 

lacerta,  -ae  (-us,  -I),  [?],  f.  and 
m.,  a  lizard. 

lacertus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  the  forearm, 
the  arm. —  Less  exactly,  a  claw,  a 
leg  (of  any  creature). 

laocssftus,-a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  larcsso. 

laccsso,-slvl, -situ  in, -sore,  [^/lac 
(in  lacio?)  +  esso  (prob.  through 
noun-stem)],  3.  v.  a.,  provoke,  chal- 
lenge, irritate,  excite,  rouse,  en- 
courage.—  Also  (perh.  in  original 
meaning),  assail,  attack,  invade, 
beat,  strike,  smite:  ventos  icti- 
bus  ;  manibus  pectora  (pat)  : 
lacessita  sole  aera. —  Poetically  : 


I58 


Vocabulary. 


bellum  (stir up) ;  ferrum  (bare) ; 
pugnam  {provoke,  by  sparring,  of 
boxers) . 

Lac  in  ins,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  AaKiviov'], 
adj.,  of  Lacinium  (a  promontory 
of  Southern  Italy,  on  which  was  a 
temple  of  Juno,  a  land-mark  for 
sailors).  The  name  of  the  prom- 
ontory is  the  neut.  of  the  adj. 

lacrima,  -ae,  [perh.  stem  akin  to 
Gr.  Saxpv  +  ma  (f.  of  mus)],  f.,  a 
tear,  -weeping.  —  Poetically  :  nar- 
cissi, nectar  (of  flowers). 

larrimabilis,  -e,  [flacrima-  (cf. 
lacrimo)  +  bilis],  adj.,  tearful, 
mournful,  melancholy  :  bellum ; 
gemitus. 

lacrimo,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [tla- 
crima-],  i.  v.  n.  and  a.,  weep,  shed 
tears,  mourn,  weep  for,  lament. 

lacrimosus,  -a,  -um,  [flacrima- 
(reduced)  +  osus],  adj.,  tearful, 
mournful. —  Less  exactly,  plaint- 
ive :  voces. 

lad  oo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -ere, 
rflact-  (as  if  lacto)],  2.  v.  n., 
suck.  —  Also,  be  in  milk :  fru- 
menta. 

lacteus,  -a,  -um,  [flact  +  eus], 
adj.,  milky,  rich  in  milk. —  Less 
exactly,  milk  white. 

lacuar,  see  laquear. 

lacuna,  -ae,  [flacu-  (lengthened) 
+  na,  cf.  Fortuna],  f.,  a  pond,  a 
pool,  a  cavity,  a  hollow. 

lacus,  -us,  [perh.  akin  to  Gr.  AC£K- 
KOS~],  m.,  a  lake,  a  pond,  a  pool,  a 
reservoir.  —  Less  exactly,  a  river, 
a  stream.  —  Also,  a  pool  (in  a 
stream). 

Trades,  -is,  [?],  m.,  a  Trojan. 

Ladoii,  -onis,  [Gr.  AaStoi/],  m.,  a 
Trojan. 

lacdo,  laesi,  laesum,  laedere, 
[?],  3.  v.  a.,  strike,  if  ash  (cf.  com- 
pounds) .  —  Also,  hurt,  pain,  mar, 
wound,  damage.  —  Less  exactly, 
injure,  trouble,  hurt, off  end,  thwart, 
break  (of  a  treaty),  violate. 

larna,  -ae,[Gr.  xAoiVa],  f.,  (a  coarse 
outer  garment),  a  cloak,  a  mantle. 

Jjacrt  ius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Aaeprios], 


adj.,   of  Laertes    (the    father   of 
Ulysses). 

laesus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  laedo. 

laetatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  laetor. 

lactitia,  -ae,  [flaeto  +  tia,  cf. 
amicitia],  f.,  joy,  gladness,  cheer- 
fulness, enjoyment. 

laetor,  -atus,  -ari,  [flaeto-],  i. 
v.  dep.,  rejoice,  be  glad,  sport. 

laetus, -a, -um,  [prob.  for  hlactns, 
akin  to  Eng.  glad~\,  adj.,  glad,  joy- 
ous, cheerful,  merry,  joyful,  happv, 
delighting  in,  proud  of,  exultant 
with. — Alsoof  things  (as  in  Eng.)  : 
spes;  carmina;  saecula  (happy} ; 
iewpor  a,  (bright);  columba;lae- 
ti  auxilio  {cheered  by)  ;  fortuna 
(smiling,  propitious)  ;  res  {fortu- 
nate}.—  Also  (perh.  in  orig.  mean- 
ing), of  productiveness,  rich,  fer- 
tile,  productive, prolific,  luxuriant, 
copious  ;  —  rich  in,  abounding  in. 
—  So  of  animals,  fat,  sleek,  in  good 
condition,  fine.  —  Also  (cf.  Eng. 
glad},  pleasing,  grateful,  agree- 
able :  aestas ;  imber. 

laevo,  see  levo. 

laevus,  -a,  -um,  [?,  akin  to  \ai6s~], 
adj.,  left,  on  the  left  hand.  — Also, 
from  inferior  readiness  of  the  left 
hand,  foolish,  silly,  awkward.  — 
From  science  of  auspices,  ominous, 
boding,  unpropitioiis .  —  But  also 
(fr.  the  Roman  usage),  fortunate, 
propitious.  —  P'em.  (sc.  in  anus;, 
the  left  hand.  —  Neut.  sing,  and 
plur.,  the  left  hand,  places  on  the 
left.  —  Neut.  as  adv.,  on  the  left. 

lageos,  -I,  [Gr.  Aoyeios],  f.,  a  vine 
(of  a  special  kind),  lageos. 

Jja<rus,  -I,  [(Jr.  AO-XOS],  m.,  a  Latin. 

lambo,  Iambi,  laml>i<nin,   Iain 
bore,  [  v'lab,  cf.  la  bruin],  3.  v.  a., 
lick.  —  Less  exactly,  of  lire  and  the 
like,  play  around,  lick. 

lamentabills,  -e,  [tlamenta-  (cf. 
lamentum)  +  bilis],  adj.,  lamen- 
table, pitiable. 

lamentum,  -I,  [unc.  root  -f  men- 
turn],  n.,  a  shriek,  a  groan,  a  cry, 
a  lamentation,  a  wailing. 

lamina,    -ae,    [unc.    root  -f  rnina 


Vocabulary. 


159 


(cf.   eolumna)],  f.,  a  plate  (of 
metal),  a  blade. 

lainpas,  -adis,  [Gr.  Aa/uiros],  f.,  a 
light,  a  lamp,  a  torch  (both  for 
light  and  as  a  weapon  of  war),  a 
burning  brand.  - —  Poetically,  of 
the  celestial  bodies. 

Lamus,  -I,  [Gr.  Actyuos],  m.,  a  war- 
rior of  Turnus. 

Lamyrus,  -I,  [Gr.  Ao^up^s],  m.,  a 
warrior  of  Turnus. 

lana,  -ac,  [?],  f.,  wool,  fleece. — 
Less  exactly  (cf.  "cotton  wool"), 
cotton,  doivn.  —  Also  fig.,  of  the 
clouds. 

lancea,  -ae,  [prob.  Gr.  A^x7?]*  f-> 
a  lance,  a  spear. 

laneus,  -a,  -urn,  [flana-  (reduced) 
+  eus],  adj.,  woollen,  woolly,  of 
wool. 

langueo,  -ul,  no  sup.,  -uere, 
[^/lang,  through  adj.  stem,  cf. 
languidus],  2.  v.  n.,  gro^v  faint, 
languish,  fail.  —  languens,  -en- 
tis,  p.,  tired,  feeble,  fading,  lan- 
guid:  pelagus  (subsiding} ;  bya- 
cynthus  (drooping). 

langueseo,  -langui,  no  sup.,  -es- 
cere,  [flangue-  (cf.  langueo)  + 
sco],3.  v.  n.,  languish, faint,  droop. 

languidus,  -a,  -um,  [flanguo- 
(cf.  langueo)  +  dus] ,  adj.,  lan- 
guid, fainting.  —  Transferred,  re- 
laxed, inactive,  restful :  quies. 

laniatiis,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  lanio. 

lanicium  (-itium),  -I  (-11),  [fla- 
na  +  cium,  prob.  through  inter- 
mediate stem,  perh.  lanico-],  n. 
(of  adj.),  wool. 

laniger,  -era,  -erum,  [flana- 
(weakened)  -ger  (  v/ges  4.  us,  cf. 
gero)],  adj.,  wool-bearing,  fleecy, 
tufted  (with  wool) . 

lanio,  -iivi,  -atuni,  -are, [flanio-], 
I.  v.  a.,  tear,  rend,  mangle,  muti- 
late, disfigure  (by  tearing). 

laiiugo,  -inis,  [flanu-  (akin  to 
lana)  +  go],  f.,  woolliness,  do-on. 

lanx,  la  nc is,  [perh.  akin  to  ir,\o£], 
f.,  a  dish  (flat  and  broad),  a  plat- 
ter, a  charger.  —  Plur.,  pans  (of  a 
balance),  scales. 


Laocoon,  -ontis,  [Gr.  Aao/c(W], 
m.,  a  priest  of  Apollo,  killed  by 
two  serpents  on  the  day  of  the  de- 
struction of  Troy  for  his  supposed 
sacrilege  in  violating  the  wooden 
horse. 

Laodamia,  -ae,  [Gr.  Aao5a/ueia], 
f.,  wife  of  Protesilaus,  who  killed 
herself  for  love  of  him. 

Laomedontiades,  -ae,  [Gr.  patro- 
nymic of  Laomedon],  m.,  son  (de- 
scendant) of  Laomedon.  —  Plur., 
the  Trojans  (descendants  of  him 
as  founder  of  the  race). 

Lao  mr(  Ion  this,  -a,  -um,  [fLao- 
medont  +  ius],  adj.,  of  Laomedon, 
descended  from  Laomedon.  —  Less 
exactly,  Trojan. 

lapidosus,  -a,  -um,  [flapid  + 
osus],  adj.,  stony,  gritty. — Less 
exactly,  hard  as  stone,  stony: 
coma. 

lap  ill  us,  -I,  [flapid+ Ius],  m.,  a 
small  stone,  gravel,  a  pebble. 

lapis,  -idis,  [?],  m.,  a  stone,  stone, 
a  rock  :  Parius  (marble).  —  Less 
exactly,  a  statue :  Parii  lapides 
(marbles  of  Paros).  —  Esp. :  incu- 
sus  (of  a  millstone). 

Lapithae,  -arum,  [Gr.  Aa?n'0ai], 
m.,  a  tribe  of  Thessaly,  famous  for 
their  battle  with  the  Centaurs. 

lappa,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  bur. 

lapso,  -avi,  -atuni,  -are,  [flap- 
so-],  I.  v.  a.,  slip. 

lapsus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  labor. 

lapsus,  -us,  [^/lab  +  tus],  m.,  a 
falling,  a  fall,  a  slip,  a  gliding 
motion,  a  s~woop  (of  birds),  course 
(of  stars) :  rotarum  (rolling 
wheels') . 

laqucar  (-are),  (also  lacuar), 
-iiris,  [flacu+are  (n.  of  aris)], 
n.,  (a  lakelike  place*),  a  hollow  (in 
a  ceiling  made  by  the  crossing  of 
beams),  a  ceiling :  tecti  (fretted 
ceiling) . 

laqucus,  -i,  [perh.  flacu+eus], 
m.,  (pitfall  ?),  a  springe,  a  trap, 
a  noose,  a  gin,  a  snare. 

Lar,  Liaris,  [?,  orig.  las],  m.,  a 
household  god,  a  tutelary  divinity. 


i6o 


Vocabulary. 


—  Usually  in  the  plur.,  the  special 
protectors   of  the   household,  the 
spirits   of  deceased   ancestors,  or 
some  deified  persons,  represented 
as  youths  in  a  short  tunic,  gener- 
ally pouring  a  libation,  and  wor- 
shipped with  flowers,  fruit,    wine, 
incense,  and   fine  grain  or  cakes. 

—  Less  exactly,  hearth  (as  in  Eng. 
for  home),  home,  house,  habitation. 

largior,  -Itus,  -Iri,  [flargo-  (as  if 
largi-)],  4.  v.  dep.,  bestow  freely, 
freely  accord  (a  boon). 

largus,  -a,  -urn,  [perh.  akin  to 
longus,  Gr.  Soxes'],  adj.,  wide, 
spacious:  largior  aether  (freer, 
less  confined,  as  opposed  to  the 
earthy  atmosphere).  —  Less  ex- 
actly, copious, plenteous,  abundant: 
fletus  (Jlood  of  tears) ;  sanguis 
(a  stream  of  blood)  ;  fetus  (pro- 
lific} ;  copia  fandi  (a  ready  flow). 

—  Also,  of  persons,    rich,  lavish, 
generous. 

Liarides,  -ac,  [?],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 

Jjiirina,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  companion 
of  Camilla. 

Tjarissaeus,  -a,  -urn,  [Gr.  Aapur- 
o-alos],  adj.,  of  Larissa  (a  town  of 
Thessaly,  the  supposed  abode  of 
Achilles),  Larissaan. 

Larius,  -I  (-ii),  [?],  m.,  a  lake  of 
Gisalpine  Gaul,  Lake  Como. 

lascivus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  frisky, 
frolicsome,  sportive,  wanton  :  ca- 
pellae;  puella. 

lassus,  -a,  -um,  [prob.  p.p.  (unc. 
root-f- tus)],  adj.,  weary,  worn, 
tired,  fatigued.  —  Of  things :  res 
(broken  fortune}  ;  collum  (droop- 
ing, of  a  poppy) . 

Latagus,  -1,  [Gr.],  m.,  a  Trojan. 

late  [abl.  of  latus],  adv.,  broadly, 
widely,  far  and  wide,  afar,  in  all 
directions,  far  and  near :  disce- 
dere  late  (leave  a  wide  passage). 

latebra,  -ae,  [flate-  (of  lateo)  + 
bra],  f.,  hiding-place,  lurking- 
place,  covert,  cavern,  retreat,  place 
of  ambush.  — Plur.  in  same  sense. 

latrln-dsiis,  -a,  -um,  [flatebra- 
( reduced)  +  osus],  adj.,  full  of 


killing-places,  apt  for  concealment, 
cavernous. 

lateo,  -ul,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [^/lat, 
akin  to  Gr.  KavQavta],  2.  v.  n.  and 
a.,  lie  concealed,  be  hidden,  skulk, 
hide,  be  covered,  be  unseen,  lurk, 
hide  one's  self,  take  (find}  shelter. 

—  Fig.,  be  hidden,  be  iinknown,  be 
unknown   to,    lie   hid.  —  latens, 
-entis,  p.  as  adj.,  hidden,  secret, 
unknown. 

latex,  -icis,  [?],  m.,  a  fluid,  a 
liquid. — Esp.,  water  or  wine. 

Latinus,  -a,  -um,  [flatu-  (or  -o), 
akin  to  v\arvs  (reduced)  -f-  inns, 
cf.  Liatium],  adj.,  of  Latium  (the 
plain  between  the  Tiber,  the 
Apennines,  and  the  sea),  Latin. 

—  As  subst.,  masc.  sing.,  Latiinis 
(king  of  the  region).  —  Masc.  or 
fern,    plur.,   the    Latins    (men   or 
women). 

I  jiit  in  in,  -1  (-ii),  [flatu-  (or  o), 
akin  to  irAarus,  +  ium  (n.  of  ius), 
cf.  Latinus],  n.,  the  plain  of  Italy 
south  of  the  Tiber. 

Latona,  -ae,  [Gr.  Arrrdi  +  na,  cf. 
Diana,  Neptunus] ,  f .,  the  mother 
of  Apollo  and  Diana. 

Latonius,  -a,  -um,  [fLatona-  (re- 
duced) +  ius],  adj.,  of  Latona, 
son  (daughter}  of  Latona,  La- 
tonian  (connected  with  Latona). 

—  As   subst.,    fern.,,   daughter   of 
Latona  (Diana). 

latrator,  -oris,  [flatra-  (of  latro) 

+  tor],  m.,  a  barker.  —  In  appos. 

as  adj.,  the  barking :  Anubis  (with 

a  dog's  head), 
hit  rat  us,  -us,  [flatra-  (of  latro) 

+  tus],  m.,  a  barking,  a  yelping, 

a  cry  (of  hounds). 
latro,  -avi,  -a turn,  -are,  [?],  i. 

v.  n.  (and  a.),  bark,  yelp,  roar. 
latro,  -ouis,  m.,  a  robber,  a  hunter. 
latus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  fero. 
latus,  -a,  -um,  [for  stlatus,  akin  to 

sterno],  adj.,  (spread  out},  broad, 

wide :     agri  ;    umeri  ;     lancea 

(broad-pointed*) . 
latus,  -eris,  [akin  to  Gr.  ir\arvs,  cf. 

Latium],   n.,   (orij,'.  width},   the 


Vocabulary. 


161 


side,  the  flank.  —  Less  exactly  (as 
in  Eng.),  the  side  (of  anything). 

laudo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [flaud-], 
i.  v.  a..,  praise,  commend,  approve, 
speak  well  of,  extol. 

Laurens,  -entis,  [perh.  akin  to 
laurus],  adj.,  ofLaurentum,  Lau- 
rentian. —  Masc.  plur.,  the  Lau- 
rentians. 

Liaurentum,  -I,  [longer  form  of 
Laurens,  cf.  argentum],  n.,  a 
town  of  Latium,  occupied  by  Tur- 
nus  as  the  chief  seat  of  the  war 
with  .-Eneas. 

laurens,  -a,  -um,  [flauro-  (re- 
duced) +  eus],  adj.,  of  laurel. — 
Fern.,  laurea,  the  laurel  tree,  the 
laurel. 

laurus,  -ns  and  -I,  [?],  f.,  the  laurel, 
the  bay.  —  Also,  a  laurel  crown, 
/<?7/;v/(used  to  decorate  the  victor 
in  any  contest). 

laus,  laudis,  [?],  f.,  praise  (both 
as  given  and  enjoyed), glory,  fame, 
renown,  credit.  —  Concretely,  vir- 
tue (as  deserving  praise),  merit,  a 
noble  action. 

Tjaiisus,  -I,  [?],  in.,  the  son  of  Me- 
zentius. 

lautus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  lavo. 

Liavinla,  see  Tjaviniiis. 

Jjaviiiius,  -a,  -mn,  [fLavino-  (re- 
duced)+ius],  adj.,  of  Lavinium 
(the  town  built  by  /Eneas  in  La- 
tium and  named  in  honor  of  Lavinia 
his  wife),  Lavinian. —  Fein.,  La- 
vinia, daughter  of  King  Latinus, 
married  to  ^Eneas.  —  Neut.,  Lavi- 
nium,  the  town  itself. 

Lavinus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  of 
Lavinium,  I-avinian,  Many  edi- 
tors read  only  Lavinius. 

lavo,  lavavl  (lavi),  lavtitum 
(lautuin,  lotum),  lavarc  (la- 
verc),  [akin  to  luo  andGr.  \ovu~], 
I.  and  3.  v.  a.,  wash,  bathe,  wash 
off.  —  Also,  wet,  moisten,  bedew, 
Bathe,  soak. — lautus,  -a,  -um, 
p.p.  as  adj.,  clean,  elegant,  rich, 
costly,  magnificent.  —  lava  ml  i, 
gerund,  of  bathing  (one's  self,  ab- 
solutely) . 


laxatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  laxo. 

laxo,  -avi,  -a tu in,  -are,  [flaxo-], 
I.  v.  a.,  loosen,  relax,  unbind, 
open  :  rudentes  {lei  go) ;  foros 
(clear)  ;  laxata  est  via  voci  (set 
free)  ;  arva  sinus  (open  her  bosom, 
of  the  earth  as  spouse  of  Jove).  — 
Fig.,  relax,  relieve,  refresh  :  som- 
no  curas ;  membra  quiete. 

laxus,  -a,  -um,  [p.p.  perh.  ^/l&g 
(cf.  \ayydfa)  +  tus],  adj.,  loose, 
slack,  wide  (as  not  drawn  tight), 
unstrung:  casses  (fine  spun,  thin, 
as  if  not  tightly  woven,  the  fineness 
of  the  thread  producing  the  same 
effect). 

leaena,  -ae,  [Gr.  \4aiva],  f.,  a 
lioness. 

lebes,  -etis,  [Gr.  Ae'jSrjs],  m.,  a  ket- 
tle, a  caldron. 

lector,  -oris,  [^/leg  +  tor],  m.,  a 
reader. 

lectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  lego. 

lectus,  -i,  [?],  m.,  a  bed,  a  couch. 

Liecla,  -ae,  [Gr.  A7)8»j],  f.,  the  mother 
of  Helen  and  Castor  and  Pollux. 

Ledaeus,  -a,  -urn,  [Gr.  AT/SCUOS], 
adj.,  of  Leda,  descendant  of  Leda 
(child  or  grandchild). 

legatus,  -I,  [p.p.  of  lego],  m.,  an 
embassador,  a  messenger,  an  envov. 

le<?ifor,  -era,  -erum,  [fleg-  (as  if 
legi-)  +  fer  (yfer  +  us)],  adj., 
laivgiving,  lawgiver. 

leglo,  -onis,  [  ^/\eg  +  io,  as  if  flego- 
( weakened)  +  o],  f.,  (a  levy,  cf. 
lego),  a  legion  (the  regular  unit 
of  force  of  the  Roman  army). — 
Less  exactly,  a  company,  a  band, 
an  army. 

lego,  legi,  lectum,  legere,  [ i/leg, 
cf.  Gr.  Ae-yeo],  3.  v.  a.,  gather,  col- 
lect, pick,  pluck,  pick  up,  choose, 
elect,  select :  vela  (take  in). — Less 
exactly,  review,  contemplate,  pick 
out,  scan  ;  —  hence  read,  and  coast 
along,  skim,  pass  <>rv;',  pass  by, 
trace.  —  Esp.  (cf.  sacrilegus), 
steal :  socios  (deceive).  —  lectus, 
-a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  chosen,  gath- 
ered, choice,  picked,  select,  emi~ 
ne.nt. 


l62 


Vocabulary. 


logumen,  -iiiis,  [flegU-  (akin  to 
flego  ?)  +  men] ,  n.,  pulse,  beans. 

Tjeleges,  -um,  [Gr.  AeAe-yes],  m.pl., 
a  tribe  or  stock  occupying  the 
coasts  of  Greece  and  Asia  Minor 
before  the  historic  inhabitants  of 
those  countries. 

lenibus,  -1,  [Gr.  A.«V£°x]>rn->  a  skiff, 
a  boat. 

Liemnius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  A^/mos], 
adj.,  of  Lemnos  (the  island  upon 
which  Vulcan  fell  from  heaven), 
Lemnian. — As  subst.,  theLemnian 
god  (Vulcan). 

Lienaeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  AIJPCUOS], 
adj.,  (of  the  -wine-press},  of  (to) 
Bacchus,  Lenaan.  —  Masc.,  Le- 
nceus,  a  name  of  Bacchus. 

lenio,  -Ivi  (-ii),  -Itum,  -ire, 
[fleni-],  4.  v.  a.,  mitigate,  relieve, 
assuage,  soothe,  moderate. 

lenis,  -e,  [?],  adj.,  moderate,  gentle. 

lens,  lentis,  [?],  f.,  a  lentil  (a  kind 
of  pulse). 

lentesco,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -escere, 
[flente-  (stem  of  lost  lenteo)  -f 
sco],  3.  v.  n.,  stick,  adhere. 

lento,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [flento-], 
I.  v.  a.,  bend. 

lentus,  -a,  -um,  [perh.  akin  to 
lenis],  adj.,  tenacious,  adhesive, 
sticky,  viscid,  clinging,  tough,  mal- 
leable, ductile,  flexible,  pliant, 
bending,  twining. — Also,  sluggish, 
slow,  tranquil,  idle,  at  ease. 

leo,  -onis,  [akin  to  Gr.  \eW],  m.,  a 
lion. 

lepus,  -oris,  [?],  m.,  a  hare. 

Lerna,  -ae,  [Gr.  \tpvyf],  f.,  a  lake 
and  marsh  near  Argos,  where  Her- 
cules slew  the  famous  hydra. 

Lernaeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  \fpvaios~\, 
adj.,  of  Lerna,  Lernaan. 

Lesbos,  -i,  [Gr.  Ae<r£os],  f.,  an 
island  in  the  /Egean  famous  for 
its  wine. 

letalis,  -e,  [fleto-  (reduced)  + 
alls],  adj.,  deadly,  mortal,  fatal, 
of  death. 

Lethaeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  AT^CUOS], 
adj.,  of  Lethe  (the  river  of  forget- 
fulness  in  the  world  below),  I.c- 


thaean.  —  Less  exactly,  soporific: 
somnus  (lethargic). 

letifer,  -era,  -erum,  [fleto-fer 
( yfer  +  us)],  adj.,  mortal,  deadly, 
Jatal. 

letum,  -i,  [-^/le  or  fle+  turn  (n.  of 
tus),  cf.  deleo],  n.,  death. —  Less 
exactly,  destruction,  ruin. 

Lieucaspis,  -is,  [Gr.  A«wccunns],  m., 
a  Trojan. 

Leucate,  -es  (-es,  -ae),  [Gr.  A«u- 
KCITTJ],  f.,  a  promontory  at  the  south 
extremity  of  Leucadia,  off  the  west- 
ern coast  of  Acarnania. 

levamen,  -inis,  [fleva-  (of  lovo) 
+  men],  n.,  means  of  relief,  solace, 
comfort,  relief. 

levatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  polished. 

levis,  -e,  [fleg  +  u  (with  added  i), 
cf.  e'Aaxus],  adj.,  light,  slight,  swift, 
agile,  rapid.  —  Fig.,  slight,  trivial, 
of  little  weight,  unimportant.  — 
Also,  gentle,  mild. 

levis,  -e,  [unc.  root  +  vis  (cf.  Gr. 
Aflos)],  adj.,  smooth,  polished. 

levo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [flevi-  (as 
if  levo-)],  i.  v.  a.,  lighten,  lift  up, 
lift,  raise.  —  Less  exactly  and  fig., 
lighten,  relieve,  alleviate.  —  With 
change  of  point  of  view,  relieve  of, 
assist,  free,  rescue,  disburden  :  ter- 
ras invisum  numen  (relieve  o/ 
its  presence) . 

lex,  legis,  [prob.  -^/\&g  (of  logo) 
as  stem,  cf.  legunt  iura  magis- 
tratusque],  f.,  a  law  (written,  cf. 
ius,  prescriptive  right),  a  statute, 
a  decree,  an  ordinance.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, a  term,  a  condition,  terms 
of  peace,  a  bond,  an  institution: 
leges  et  foedera  (conditions  of  a 
treaty} . 

libamen,  -inis,  [fliba-  (cf.  libo) 
-f  men],  n.,  a  libation,  a  first  sac- 
rifice, an  offering. 

libatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  libo. 

I  i  I  ifii-,  see  libeo. 

libeo  (lub-),  libui  (libitum  est), 
libitum,  libere,  [ ^/lib  (lub),  cf. 
Knglish  love~\,  2.  v.  n.,  be  pleasing, 
plensc.  —  Esp.  iinpers.,  it  pleases, 
j's  one's p/ea sure. —  libeiis,  -entis, 


Vocabulary. 


163 


p.  as  adj.,  willing,  ready,  with  a 
free  will,  gladly. 
liber,  -bri,  [?],  m.,  bark. 

1.  liber,  -era,  -erum,  [prob.  -y/lub 
(through  stem)  +rus],  adj.,  free, 
unrestrained,  in  one's  power,  un- 
tamed. 

2.  Liber,  -eri,   [?],   m.,   an  Italian 
divinity  identified  with  Bacchus. 

libere  [abl.  of  liber],  adv.,  freely, 
I'tiusly,  of  one's  own  accord. 

libcrtiis,  -atis,  [flibero-  (reduced) 
+  tas],  f.,  liberty,  freedom,  per- 
mission. 

liber,  see  libeo. 

Libethris,  -idis,  [Or.  Aei^rjflpi's], 
f.  adj.,  of  Libethra  (a  fountain  in 
Macedonia,  a  favorite  haunt  of  the 
Muses). 

libo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [flibo- 
(cf.  A.OI#T),  lil)niii,  and  also  At i/3o>)  ] , 
I.  v.  a.., pour  (a  libation),  make  a 
libation.  —  As  the  libation  was  the 
beginning  of  drinking,  drink,  quaff. 
—  Also,  sip,  taste  :  oscula  (gently 
kiss).  —  With  change  of  point  of 
view :  pateris  altaria  (sprinkle 
with  a  libation). —  Less  exactly, 
offer,  sacrifice. 

libra,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  balance. — 
Ksp.,  Libra  (the  constellation). 

libro,  -avi, -atum,  -are,  [flibra-], 
I.  v.  a.,  balance,  poise.  —  Also, 
swing,  brandish;  —  hence,  liurl, 
cast,  throw,  fling. 

libuiu,  -i,  [ylib  (cf.  libo,  Gr. 
A.«f$a>)],  n.,  a  cake  (of  a  peculiar 
kind  u,sed  in  sacrifice). 

Jjiburnus,  -a,  -uin,  [?],  adj.,  of  the 
Liburni  (a  nation  of  Illyria,  on 
the  eastern  side  of  the  Adriatic), 
l.iburnian.  —  Plur.,  the  Liburni 
(the  people  themselves). 

Libya,  -ae,  [Gr.  AI/SUTJ],  f.,  a  region 
of  Africa. 

Ijibycus,  -a,  -um,  [fLibya-  (re- 
duced) +  cus],  adj.,  Libyan,  of 
Libya. —  Less  exactly,  African. 

Libystis,  -idis,  [Gr.  A«j8wrr.'s],  f. 
adj.,  Libyan,  of  Libya.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, African. 

licenter  [flicent-  (p.  of  liceo)  + 


ter  (n.  of  terns,  reduced)],  adv., 
freely,  with  freedom. 

liceo,  licui  (licitum  est),  liei- 
tum,  licere,  [  -^/lic  (akin  to  lin- 
quo?)  through  adj.  stem,  cf.  reli- 
qiius  and  Eng.  "leave"'],  2.  v.  n., 
be  allowed,  be  permitted.  —  Esp. 
impers.,  it  is  allowed,  it  is  permit- 
ted, it  is  granted,  it  is  lawful,  it  is 
possible,  one  may.  — •  licet,  al- 
though (cf.  Eng.  "may"),  though. 
—  licitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.,  conceded, 
lawful,  permitted,  allowable. 

Lichas,  -ae,  [Gr.  Ai'xor],  m.,  a 
Latin. 

licitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  liceo. 

liciiiiu,  -I  (-ii),  [cf.  bilix],  n.,  a 
leash  (a  string  attached  to  each 
thread  of  the  warp  to  draw  it  back 
and  forth,  making  what  is  called 
"the  harness").  —  a  thread. 

Licymnia,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  slave. 

Ijigea,  -ae,  [Gr.  Aiytia],  f.,  a  wood- 

•    nymph. 

Ijiger,  f-eris,  [?],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 

lignum,  -i,  [?],  n.,  wood,  limber. — 
Less  exactly,  a  trunk  (of  a  tree), 
ajtock,  a  stump.  [fasten. 

ligo,  -sivi,  -atum,  -are,  i .  v.  a.,  bind, 

Ijigur  (-us),  -uris,  [?],  adj.,  Ligu- 
rian.  —  Sing.,  a  Ligurian.  —  PI., 
the  Ligurians  (a  people  of  Cisal- 
pine Gaul,  about  modern  Genoa 
and  the  neighborhood). 

ligustrum,  -i,  [?],  n.,  privet. 

I  Hi  n  in,  -i  (-ii),  [Gr.  \fipiov~],  n.,  a 
lily. 

Ijilybaeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  At\v0ai- 
ov~\,  adj.,  of  LilybcEiim  (a  promon- 
tory on  the  southern  coast  of 
Sicily). 

limbus,  -i,  [poss.  akin  to  libo,  from 
the  resemblance  to  drops?],  in.,  a 
fringe,  a  border. 

limen,  -inis,  [unc.  root  (in  liimis 
and  limes)  +  men],  n.,  (the  cross- 
picceT),  a  lintel,  a  threshold. — 
More  generally,  a  house,  a  palace, 
a  temple,  a  chamber,  a  home,  a  hab- 
itation, an  abode.  —  Less  exactly, 
an  entrance,  a  passage-way,  a  door, 
a  gate.  —  Fig.,  the  border  (of  a 


164 


Vocabulary. 


country),  the  starting-post  (of  a 
race),  the  beginning,  threshold: 
in  limine  {close  at  hand). 

limes,  -itis,  [prob.  akin  to  limns 
and  limen],  m.,  a  cross-path,  a 
boundary  (in  form  of  a  path),  a 
limit.  —  Less  exactly,  a  path,  a 
by-way,  a  passage,  a  road.  —  1- 'ig., 
a  track  (of  a  meteor,  £c.),  a  path  : 
limitem  agit  ferro  {hews  a  path) . 

llmosus,  -a,  -um,  [flimo-  (re- 
duced) +  osus],  adj.,  muddy,  Miry, 
swampy. 

limns,  -i,  [y'li  +  mus],  m.,  mud, 
slime,  clay,  soil. 

limns,  -i,  [?],  m.,  a  girdle  (of 
thread,  a  peculiar  sort  worn  by 
priests).  Others  read  linniii. 

lingua,  -ae,  [yling  (cf.  Gr.  Aei%w) 
-f-  a],  f.,  a  tongue  (of  men  and 
animals). — Fig.,  language,  tongue, 
note,  voice. 

lino,  levi,  litum,  linere,  [Vli]» 
3.  v.  a.,  besmear,  anoint,  daub.  — 
Less^exactly,  spatter,  spot. 

linquo,  liqni,  lictum,  linquerc, 
[y'lic  (-qu),  cf.  Gr.  \efarw],  3-v.a., 
leave,  abandon,  forsake,  quit:  ani- 
mas  {lose) ;  habenas  {let  go) ; 
alitibus  feris  {expose) .  —  Fig., 
cease,  leave  off,  desist  from. 

lintcr,  -tris,  [?],  f.,  a  boat,  a  skiff, 
a  canoe. 

lintciim,  -i,  [flino-  (through  stem 
in  -to)],  n.,  canvas,  a  sail. 

li  u  n  m,  -i,  [perh.  Gr.  AtVo»],  n., 
flax.  —  Less  exactly,  a  thread,  a 
line,  a  net,  linen,  linen  cloth. 

Linus,  -i,  [Gr.  AiVos],  m.,  a  famous 
musician,  instructor  of  Orpheus 
and  Hercules. 

Liipare,  -es,  [Gr.  AHroprj],  f.,  Li  pa- 
ra, one  of  the  yEolian  islands  (now 
J.ipari). 

liquefaeio,  -fed,  -faetmii,  face- 
re,  [case-form  of  fliquo-  (or  stem, 
cf.  liqnidns)  -facio],  3.  v.  a.,  melt, 
dissolve,  liquefy.  —  Esp.,  putrefy. 

liquefactns, -a,-nm,  p.p.  of  lique- 
facio. 

liqneiis,  -eiitis,  p.  of  liqneo. 

liquens,  -entis,  p.  of  liquor. 


liqiieo,  liqni,  no  sup.,  liquere, 
[fliquo-],  2.  \.  n.,flow,  be  clear,  be 
limpid. — liquens,  -entis,  p.,  clear, 
liquid,  limpid. 

liquesco,  lieui,  no  sup.,  liques- 
cere,  [flique-  (cf.  liqneo,  fr. 
fliquus,  cf.  liquidus)  -f  sco], 
3.  v.  n.,  begin  to  melt,  soften,  be 
smelted. 

liquidus,  -a,  -um,  [fliquo-  (Vu 
+  cus,  cf.  liqneo,  liquefaeio)  + 
dus],  adj.,  liquid,  flffimng^  clear, 
pure,  limpid.  — Less  exactly,  pure, 
clear,  serene  :  nox  ;  nubes ;  iter 
{liquid,  as  in  Eng.)  ;  voces ;  aes- 
tas ;  odor ;  nox  ;  electrum. 

liquor,  no  perf.,  -i,  [fliquo-  (cf. 
liquidus)  as  verb-stem],  3.  v.  n., 
dissolve,  flow,  liquefy,  flow  ?.'////, 
be  bathed. 

liquor,  -oris,  [fliquo-  (cf.  liqui- 
dus, reduced)  as  root  +  or],  m., 
fluid,  water,  moisture,  humor  (of 
the  body). 

Liris,  -is,  [?],  the  river  dividing 
Latium  and  Campania  (now  Sari* 
gliano). 

lis,  litis,  [for  stlis  (unc.  root  +  tis,) 
cf.  Eng.  s/rt/t],f.,  strife,  a  dispute-, 
a  contest,  rivalry. 

litatns,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  lito. 

lito,  -avi,  -atiiiu,  -are,  [?],  i.v.  a. 
and  n.,  sacrifice  (with  favorable 
omens),  appease  an  off  ended  divin- 
ity (by  sacrifice).  —  Act.,  offer  suc- 
cessfully, perform  acceptably. 

litoreus  (litt-),  -a,  -um,  [flitor  + 
eus],  adj.,  of  the  shore,  of  the  beach. 

littus,  etc.;   see  litus,  etc. 

litus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  lino. 

litus  (litt-),  -oris,  [unc.  root  +  us], 
n.,  the  shore,  a  beach,  the  strand, 
the  coast,  a\bank  (of  a  river). 

litnus,  -i,  [?],  m.,  a  staff  (curved 
at  the  e*ul,  used  in  augury).— 
From  the  shape,  a  trumpet,  n  horn. 

liveo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [flivo- 
(cf.  lividus)],  2.  v.  n.,  be  blue  or 
lead  color.  —  livens,  -eiitis,  p.  as 
adj.,  blue,  black  and  blue,  lead-col- 
ored. 

lividus,  -a,   -um,   [flivo-  (cf.  li- 


Vocabulary. 


165 


veo)  +  dus],  adj.,  dark  blue,  livid, 
dusky,  leaden  (lead-colored). 

loco,  -sivi,  -Jltuiii,  -arc,   [floco-], 

I .  v.  a.,  place,  put,  set,  set  up,  build, 

fix,  station,  settle,  dispose :  in  par- 

tem  caeli  (give  a  share  in,  give  a 

place  in). 

Locri,  -orum,  [Gr.  AJ/cpoj],  m. 
plur.,  a  race  of  Greece  who  settled 
in  Southern  Italy. 

locus,  -I,  [orlg.  stlocus,  remotely 
akin  to  -^/sta],  m.  (also  n.  in  plur.), 
a  place,  space,  room,  a  region,  a 
site,  a  situation,  a  position,  a  spot 
(of  ground),  a  tract.  —  tig.,  con- 
dition, situation,  state.  —  Esp. : 
dare  locum  (give  way,  make 
•way) ;  loco  cedere  (give  inay,  de- 
cline} ;  loco  movere  (dislodge) ; 
hie  tibi  Fortunaeque  locus 
{chance,  opportunity). 

loo  fit  us,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  loquor. 

loliuin,  -I  (-ii),  [?],  n.,  darnel, 
cockle,  tares  (or  some  similar  weed 
infesting  grain). 

lougaevus,-a,  -um,  [flongo-aevo- 
(declined  as  adj.)],  adj.,  of  great 
age,  aged,  in  one's  old  age. 

longe  [abl.  of  loiigus],  adv.,  afar, 
far  off,  at  a  distance,  far  aicay.  • — 
Also,  from  afar,  from  a  distance. 
—  Of  degree,  by  far,  far.  —  Of 
time,  long,  at  great  length. 

longiiiquus,  -a,  -uni,  [stem  akin 
to  loiigus  +  cus,  cf.  propin- 
quus],  adj.,  distant,  remote,  far 
off.  —  Of  time,  ancient,  long-con- 
ti  lined. —  Xeut.,  a  distant  land,  a 
distant  region. 

longus,  -a,  -uin,  [akin  to  lar^us 
and  Gr.  5oA.«xos],  adj.,  long,  spa- 
ciotts,  wide,  extensive,  extended, 
extending,  prolonged,  distant.  — 
Of  time,  long,  continued,  long-con- 
tinued, lingering.  —  Neut.  as  adv., 
far,  long,  a  long  time. 

loqutix,  -acis,  [yloqu  +  ax,  as  if 
floqua  -f  cus  (reduced)],  adj., 
talkative,  loquacious,  garrulous. — 
Less  exactly,  noisy,  chattering, 
croaking. 

loquela  (-ella),  -ae,  [^/loqu+ela, 


as  if  floque  +  la  (f.  of  -lus)],  f., 
speech,  discourse,  -words  (in  plur.). 

loquor,  locutus,  loqui,  [yloqu, 
of  unc.  kindred],  3.  v.  dep.,  speak 
(in  any  form  of  utterance). 

lorica,  -ac,  [fiord-  (reduced,  or  a 
kindred  stem  in  i)  -f  ica  (f.  of 
icus)],  f.,  (perh.  orig.  a  cuirass  of 
leather  straps),  a  coat  of  mail,  a 
cuirass. 

lorum,  -I,  [  ?],  n.,  a  thong,  a  strap,  a 
rein,  a  bridle. 

lotus  (-os),  -I,  [Gr.  Aon-(Js],  f  .  : 
i  .  Name  of  a  fruit-tree  ;  2.  Name 
of  a  kind  of  water-lily. 

lubricus,  -a,  -uin,  [?,  stem  akin  to 
luo+cus],  adj.,  slippery,  slimy. 

—  Fig.,  deceitful,  tricky,  false.  — 
Neut.     plur.     lubrica,     slippery 
ground. 

Lucagus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 

luceo,  Inxi,  no  sup.,  lucere,  [flu- 
co-  (cf.  noctiluca)],  2.  v.  n., 
shine,  gleam,  be  bright.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, be  resplendent,  be  splendid. 

—  Fig.,    appear,    show     itself.  — 
lucens,  -entis,  p.  as  adj.,  bright, 
splendid,  brilliant. 

lucesco,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -escere, 
[fluce-  (of  luceo)  +  sco],  3.  v.  n., 
clear  up,  shine  out,  shine. 

Lucctius,  -I  (-ii),  [akin  to  luceo], 
m.,  a  Rutulian. 

luciclus,  -a,  -um,  [fluco-  (cf.  lu- 
ceo) +  dus],  adj.,  bright,  shining, 
brilliant,  glittering,  radiant. 

LuVilVr,  -era,  -erum,  [flue-  (as  if 
luci)  -fer  (^fer+us)],  adj.,  light- 
bringing.  —  Masc.  as  subst.,  tin 
morning  star. 

lucifugus,  -a,  -um,  [flue-  (as  if 
luci)  -fugus  (\/fng+  us)],  adj., 
lighi-shunning,  avoiding  the  light. 

Lucina,  -ae,  [flue  +  inua  (as  if 
fluci-f  na,  f.  of  nus)],  f.,  a  name 
of  Diana,  applied  also  to  Juno,  as 
protectress  of  child-bearing  women. 

—  Also,  bearing  (as  Ceres,  grain), 


Ijiicriiuis,  -a,  -u  in,  [Gr. 

adj.,  /.  tier  i  ne.  —  Masc.  (sc.lacus), 
the  Lutrine  Lake  (the  north-west 


i66 


Vocabulary. 


end  of  the  Gulf  of  Pozzuoli,  an- 
ciently cut  off  by  a  dam  and  made 
a  kind  of  inland  sea). 

luctamen,  -inis,  [flucta-  (stem  of 
luctor)  +  men],  n.,  struggling, 
•wrestling,  toil. 

luctificus,  -a,  -um,  [fluctu-  (weak- 
ened) -ficus  (^/fac  +  us)],  adj., 
grief-bringing,  bringer  of  grief. 

luctor,  -atus,  -arl,  [lost  noun- 
stem],  i.  v.  dep.,  struggle,  wrestle, 
strive. 

luctus,  -us,[  -^lug+tus,  cf.  lugeo], 
m.,  grief,  sorrow,  mourning,  dis- 
tress;  wailing,  mournful  com- 
plaint. —  Personified,  Grief. 

Incus,  -I,  [prob.  y'luc  (cf.  luceo) 
+  us  (orig.  opposed  to  thick,  dark 
woods)],  m.,  a  sacred  grove. — 
Less  exactly,  a  wood,  a  thicket. 

ludibrium,  -I  (-ii),  [fludibri-  (re- 
duced, cf.  lugubris,  Mulciber) 
+  ium],  n.,  sport.  —  Concretely  (of 
things),  the  sport  (as,  of  the  winds). 

ludicer,  -era,  -cruni,  [as  if  (pern, 
really)  fludico-  (reduced)  +  rus, 
cf.  volucris,  sepulcrum],  adj., 
sportive,  in  sport,  trifling:  prae- 
mia  (of  sportive  games) . 

lado,  lusl,  lusum,  ludere,  [-y/lud, 
unc.  kindred],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,play, 
sport,  frolic,  do  in  sport :  carmina 
(sing  in  sport}  ;  colon!  versi- 
bus ;  in  sicco  fulicae  ;  iubae  per 
colla ;  Aeneas  parvulus  in  aula ; 
calamo.  —  Also,  mock,  deceive,  de- 
lude, cheat,  trick :  vana  spem 
amantem. 

ludus,  -I,  [y'lud  +  us],  m.,  sport, 
play,  a  game,  a  pastime.  —  Esp.,  a 
play  (on  the  stage),  a  festival 
game. —  Plur.,  games  (a  set  festi- 
val), sports. 

lues,  -is,  [?],  f.,  a  plague,  a  pesti- 
lence, a  blight.  —  Also,  a  pest,  a 
bane. 

ICigoo,  luxi,  lOctum,  lugere,  [?, 
cf.  Gr.  \v-yp6s,  6\o\v£ta],  2.  v.  n. 
and  a.,  mourn,  lament.  —  Esp. : 
Lugentes  Campi,  the  Fields  of 
Mottrning. 

lugubris,  -e,   [fluge-   (or  kindred 


stem)  +  bris   (cf.  ludibrium)], 

adj.,  mournful.  —  Less  exactly, 
ominously  (boding  grief). 

lumbus,  -i,  [?],  m.,  the  loin. 

lumen,  -inis,  [^/luc  +  men],  n., 
light,  a  glare.  —  Esp.,  the  light  of 
life.  — Also,  a  lamp. — Transferred, 
the  eye.  —  Phrases :  lumina  du- 
cum,  bright  stars  ;  caeli  spirabile 
lumen,  light  and  air. 

lima,  -ae,  [ yluc  +  na  (f.  of  nus)], 
f.,  the  moon,  —  moonlight.  —  Per- 
sonified, Luna,  Diana.  —  Also,  a 
lunation,  a  moon. 

liiiiatus,  -a,  -um,  [p.p.  of  luno], 
adj.,  half-moon  shaped,  crescent- 
shaped. 

1 .  luo,  -ui,  -n il  ii  111  (-iitum),  -uere, 
[akin  to  lavo],  3.  v.  a.,  wash. — 
Fig.,  wash  out,  atone  for,  expiate. 

2.  luo,  -ui,  -uitum  (-utum),  -uere, 
[cf.  \vw,  solvo],  3.  v.  a.,  pay,  pay 

for.  —  Also,  undergo. 

lupa, -ae,[f.  of  lupus],  f.,  a  she-wolf. 

In  pat  us,  -a,  -um,  [flupa+  tus,  cf. 
auratus],  adj.,  set  with  wolfs 
teeth. —  Neut.  plur.  (sc.  frena),  a 
curb  bit,  a  curb. 

Lupercal,  -alis,  [fLuperco-  (re- 
duced) +  alis],  n.  of  adj.,  Luper- 
calis,  a  grotto  sacred  to  Lupercus. 

Lupercus,  -I,  [flupo-arcus  (cf. 
arceo)],  m.,  usually  plur.,  priests 
of  Pan,  the  Luperci. 

lu pi  nus  (-um),  -i,  [?],  m.,  a  lu- 
pine (a  kind  of  pulse). 

lupus,-!,  [  ?,  cf.  Gr.Xwcos],  m.,«  wolf. 

lust  rails,  -e,  [flustro-  (reduced) 
+  alis,  cf.  also  lustro],  adj.,  <-.»- 
piatory. 

lastro,  -avi,  -atiun,  -are,  [flus- 
tro-],  I.  v.  a.,  purify  (by  lustra- 
tion), sprinkle  (with  holy  water). 
—  Pass.,  purify  one's  self,  sacrifice 
for  expiation.  —  P'rom  the  process 
of  lustration,  traverse,  pass  over, 
pass  around,  encircle,  rove  over, 
pass  through,  sail  over.  — Also,  ex- 
amine, search,  reconnoitre,  track, 
trace,  observe,  survey,  review.  — 
Of  the  sun,  &c.,  encompass,  encir- 
cle, illuminate. 


Vocabulary. 


167 


lustrum,  -i,  [stem  from  ^/ln,  wash, 
+  trum],  n. :  I.  A  purification. 

—  From  the  periodic  purification 
at  Rome,  a  lustre  (period  of  five 
years).  —  Less  exactly  (in  plur.), 
years,  time ;   2.  Prob.  a  different 
word,  a  bog,  a  den,  a  forest. 

luteolus, -a,  -um,  [fluted  +  lus], 
adj.,  yellowish,  yellow. 

lu tens,  -a,  -um,  [fluto-  (reduced) 
-feus],  adj.,  saffron-colored,  yellow. 

lutuni,  -I,  [?],  n.,weld  (a  yellow 
plant  used  in  dyeing). 

lux,  lucis,  [-y/luc  (increased)  as 
stem],  f.,  light,  splendor,  daylight, 
sunlight,  dawn,  morning,  day- 
break—  Also,  a  day;  —  the  light 
of  life,  life  ;  —  light  (solace,  stay) . 

—  Also,  the  upper  light,  the  upper 
•world. 

luxuria  (-ies),  -ae  (-el),  [tluxuro 
or  i  (fluxu  +  rus  or  ris],  f.,  rank- 
ness,  luxuriance  (of  growth). 

luxuriu,  -avi,  -atum,-are,[tluxu- 
ria-],  i.  v.  n.,  frisk,  wanton, 
prance.  —  Also,  be  rank,  luxuri- 
ate, swell,  be  full. 

lux  us,  -us,  [poss.  akin  to  Gr.  \ofos], 
m.,  luxury,  debauchery,  dalliance, 
wantonness. — A.\so,splendor,pomp, 
magnificence. 

Lyaeiis,  -I,  [Gr.  Aualoj],  m.,  a  name 
of  Bacchus. 

Lyacus,  -a,  -um,  [same  word  as 
last],  adj.,  of  Bacchus. 

Liycaeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  AUKCUOS], 
adj.,  Lycican,  of  Aft.  Lye  IE  us  (in 
Arcadia,  a  favorite  resort  of  Pan). 

—  Masc.,  Lycicus  (the  mountain). 
Lycaoii,  -onls,  [Gr.  A.VKO.WV'],  m.,  a 

Cretan  worker  in  metals. 
Liycaonius,    -a,  -um,    [Gr.  Awca- 

&vios~\,  adj.,  son  of  Lycaon  (or  else 

Lycaoniaii),    of  Lycaonia :    Eri- 

cetes. 
lychnus,    -I,    [Gr.  \\>\y&s\,  m.,    a 

lamp. 
Lye  Idas,  -ae,   [Gr.  AwciSa?],  m.,  a 

shepherd. 


Lycimiila,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  Phrygian 
slave.  See  Lieyimiia. 

Lycisea,  -ae,  [Gr.  \VKHS  KT\\,  f.,  the 
name  of  a  dog. 

Lycius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Au/c(os],  adj., 
Lycian,  of  Lycia.  —  Fern.,  Lycia, 
a  division  of  Asia  Minor  famous 
for  its  bowmen,  and  in  alliance 
with  Troy.  —  Plur.,  the  Lycians 
(the  people). 

Lycorias,  -adis,  [Gr.  Avmtptds],  f., 
a  sea-nymph. 

Lycoris,  -idls,  [Gr.  Awcoipis],  f.,  a 
girl  loved  by  Cornelius  Callus. 

Lyctlus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  AWCTIOS], 
adj.,  of  Lyctos  (a  city  of  Crete), 
Lyctian.  —  Less  exactly,  Cretan. 

Lycurgus,  -I,  [Gr.  AwcoCp-yos],  m., 
a  Thracian  king  who  persecuted 
the  worshippers  of  Bacchus. 

Lycus,  -I,  [Gr.  Awco's],  m.  :  i.  A 
river  of  Colchis  ;  2.  A  companion 
of  ^Eneas. 

Lydius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Au5ios],adj., 
Lydian,  ofLydia.  —  Fern.,  Lydia, 
the  country.  —  '  Less  exactly  (from 
supposed  kindred),  Tuscan,Etru- 
rian. 

Lydus,  -a>  -um,  [Gr.  ACSos],  adj., 
of  Lydia  (a  province  of  Asia  Mi- 
nor), Lydian.  —  PL,  the  Lydia  ns. 

lympha,  -ae,  [  ?,  but  cf.  llmpldus], 
f.,  (perhaps  confounded  with  Gr. 
v\>jj.q>-<])  ,  water. 

lymphatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  lym- 


lympho,      -avi,      -atum,      -are, 

[flympha-,  but  the  connection  of 

ideas  is  not  clear,  cf.  Gr.  vviupi\], 

I.  v.  a.,  distract,  craze,  madden, 
Lynceus,  -ei,  [Gr.  Ai^y/ceus],  m.,  a 

Trojan. 
lyiix,  -ncis,  [Gr.  Airy|],  comm.,  a 

lynx. 
Lyrnesius  (-essius),  -a,  -um,  [Gr. 

A.vpvTiffios'],  adj.,  of  Lyrnesus,  Lyr- 

nesian. 
Lyrnesus  (-essus),  -i,   [Gr.  Aup- 

vf\(roi\,  f.,  a  town  of  Troas. 


i68 


Vocabulary. 


M. 


macer,  -era,  -crum,  [y'mac+rus, 
cf.  maceo.  The  roots  MAC,  MAG, 
and  MAGH  are  exceedingly  con- 
fused, and  have  probably  been 
confounded  with  each  other  in 
their  developed  forms;  see  mag- 
nus,  macto],  adj.,  lean,  thin, 
meagre. 

Machaon,  -onis,  [Gr.  Maxacuj'], 
m.,  a  famous  surgeon  and  warrior 
of  the  Trojan  war. 

machina,  -ae,  [Gr.  WX.O-VT\],  f.,  a 
machine',  a  derrick,  an  engine. 

macies,  -el,  [^mac  (cf.  niacer) 
+  ies],  f.,  leanness,  emaciation,  a 
pin  ch  cd  appea  ranee. 

mac  tat  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  macto. 

macte  [abl.  of  mactus  (whence 
macto)],  adv.  (only  with  esto 
expr.  or  supplied),  increased,  ad- 
vanced:  macte  nova  virtute, 
puer  (a  blessing  on  &c.,  success 
attend) . 

macto, -avl,-atum,-are,[tmact6- 
( -y/mag  +  tus,  cf.  magnus),  but 
perh.  confused  with  ^/MAG  and 
y-'MAGH,  cf.  macer,  macellum], 
i.v.  a.,  {magnify). — Transferred 
(of  the  victim  sacrificed,  cf.  ma- 
celLum),  sacrifice,  offer.  —  Less 
exactly,  slay,  kill,  slaughter. 

macula,  -ae,  [lost  stem  fmaco  + 
la],  f.,  a  spot,  a  stain. 

maculo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fma- 
cula-],  I.  v.  a.,  spot,  stain,  defile, 
sully. 

maculosus,  -a,  -um,  [fmacula- 
(reduced)  +  osus],  adj.,  spotted, 
marked  with  spots. 

madefacio,  -feel,  -factum,  -fa- 
cere,  [fmade-  (cf.  madeo,  ma- 
didus)],  3.  v.  a.,  wet,  soak,  stain 
(of  blood). 

madeo,  -ui,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [fmado- 
(cf.  madidus),  -^/mad,  cf.  yuaSaw], 
2.  v.  n.,  be  IM/,  /low,  drip,  be 
soaked.  —  made  us,  -entis,  p.  as 
adj.,  wet,  soaked,  drenched,  be- 
smeared. 

madesco,   inadui,  no  sup.,  ma- 


descere,  [fmade-  (of  madeo)  -f 

sco],  3.  v.  n.,  become  moist,  moisten. 

madidus,  -a,  -um,  [fmado-  (cf. 
madeo)  +  dus],  adj.,  moist,  -wet, 
dripping,  soaking. 

Maeander,  -drl,  [Gr.  Mauu/5por], 
m.,  a  river  of  Lydia  famous  for  its 
windings. — Fig.,  a  winding  border. 

Maecenas,  -ae,[an  Etruscan  word], 
m.,  C.  Cilnius  Aftzcenas,  the  great 
patron  of  Virgil  and  Horace,  and 
the  friend  of  Augustus. 

Maenalius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Mcuyo- 
Atos],  adj.,  of  Mtznalus,  Mccnalian. 
—  Less  exactly,  Arcadian. 

Maenalus,  -I  (-a,  -Drum),  [  ],  m. 
and  n.,  a  mountain  of  Arcadia. 

Maeon,  -onis,  [Gr.  MaiW],  in.,  a 
Rutulian. 

Maeonides,  -ae,  [Gr.  Maio^Sqs], 
m.,  of  Maonia  (a  part  of  Lydia), 
a  Maonian.  —  Less  exactly  (cf. 
Liydius),  an  Etrurian. 

Maeonius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Matoyios], 
adj.,  Maonian. —  Less  exactly, 
Lydian.  —  Fern.  (cf.  Gr.  Matovia) , 
Alceonia,  Lydia. 

3Iacotius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  MOIWTJOS], 
adj.,  of  the  Maota  (a  people  of 
Scythia),  Maotian. 

maereo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -ere, 
[•^/niis  (cf.  miser)  through  adj. 
stem],  2.  v.  n.,  be  sad,  mourn,  la- 
ment. 

maestus,  -a,  -um,  [root  of  maereo 
and  miser  +  tus,  p.p.],  adj.,  sad, 
mournful,  sorrowful,  anxious. — 
Also,  gloomy,  stern  (cf.  tristis). — 
Also,  sorrowful  (causing  sorrow). 

Maevius,  -i  (-ii),  [?],  m.,  a  poet- 
aster, an  enemy  of  Virgil. 

magalia,-ium,  [aFhoenicianword], 
n.  plur.,  huts. 

mage  (reduced  form  of  magis), 
see  magis. 

ma.niciis,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  /j.a.yiKos'], 
adj.,  magic. 

magis  (-e),  [  v/mag  (cf.  magnue) 
+  ius  (syncopated),  a  comparative 
lieut.],  adv.,  more,  rather. 


Vocabulary. 


169 


magister,  -trl,  [magis  (for  magi- 
us)  +  ter  (for  -terus,  cf.  Gr. 
-repos)],  m.,  a  chief,  a  leader^  an 
overseer,  a  herdsman,  a  master, 
a  keeper,  a  captain,  a  steers- 
man, a  pilot.  —  Esp.,  a  master,  a 
teacher. 

magistra,  -ae,  [f.  of  magister], 
f.,  a  mistress.  —  Of  things,  as  adj., 
of  a  master,  masterly  :  ars. 
magistral  us,  -us,  [fmagistra-  (as 
if  of  magistro,  fr.  magister)  + 
tus],  m.,   office,  a    magistracy. — 
Concretely,  a  magistrate. 
magnanimus,  -a,  -11111,  [fmagno- 
animus,    declined   as   adj.],  adj., 
great-sou led, generous,  noble- mind- 
ed. —  Of    animals,    high-spirited, 
spirited.  —  Poetically,     of    bees : 
magnanimi  duces  (spirited  lead- 
ers, preserving  the  figure). 
magnus,    -a,    -um,    [-y/mag    (cf. 
macte  and  Gr.  fj.fyds)  +  nus  (cf. 
plenus)],  comp.  maior  [y'mag 
+  ior],  superl.  maxinius  [-^/mag 
+  tiinus,  cf.  finitimus],  adj.,  (in- 
creased'), great  (in  almost  all  Eng. 
senses),  large,  spacious,  vast,  huge, 
mighty,  high,    lofty.  —  Less    exact 
and  iig.  uses,  of  degree    and   the 
like,  great,  loud,  powerful,  mighty, 
fearful,    rich,    immense,     intense, 
ardent,  distinguished,  serious,  im- 
portant,  portentous,  long,  power- 
ful, weighty,  dire.  —  niagno,  at  a 
great  price. — magnum,  as  adv., 
greatly,  loudly  :  magnum  fluens 
Nilus   (mighty  river). — maior, 
older, more  ancient,  ancestors  (pi.) . 
—  maiora,  n.plur.as  subst.,  nobler 
deeds,    more    important    matters, 
worse     sufferings.  —  maximus, 
oldest,  eldest.  — Masc.,  Maximus, 
a  name  of  several  Roman  families, 
esp.  Q.  Fabius  Maximus,  a  hero 
of  the  second  Punic  war. 
Magus,  -i,  [?],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 
Miiia,   -ae,  [Gr.  Mala],  f . :    I.    The 
mother  of  Mercury,   daughter   o 
Atlas ;    2.  The  same  person  as  one 
of  the  Pleiades. 
maiestas,  -atis,  [tmaius  (see  mag- 


nus)  +  tas],    f.,    dignity,   honor, 

grandeur. 

maior,  mtiiores ;  see  magnus. 
mala, -ae,  [ ?  for  maxilla,  cf.  ala], 

f.,  the  cheek-bone,  the  jaw.  —  Less 
exactly,  the  cheek. 

male  [abl.  of  malus],  adv.,  badly, 
ill,  not  very,  not  well,  not  much  : 
male  temperat  (little  spares) ; 
male  defendet  (insufficiently) ; 
male  erratur  (it  is  not  very  safe  to 
wander)  ;  male  fidus  ( untrust- 
worthy) ;  male  sanus  (dist/- act- 
ed); male  pinguis  (too  solid). 
Malea  (-ea),  -ae,  [Gr.  MaA/a 
(-Aeja)],  f.,  a  dangerous  headland 
at  the  south-eastern  extremity  of 
Peloponnesus. 

inalcsuadiis,  -a,  -um,  [male-sua- 
dus  (cf.  suadeo)],  adj.,  tempting 
to  ill. 

malifer,  -era,  -erum,  [fmalo-fer 
(  ^/fer  +  US)],  adj.,  apple-bearing. 
maligiius,    -a,    -um,   [fmalo-tge- 
nus],    adj.,    spiteful,     ill-disposed, 
malicious,    envious.  —  Fig.   (from 
idea  of  grudging?)  :    colles  (stub- 
born, of  soil);    aditus  (narrow); 
lux  (scanty). 
malo,    malm,     no    sup.,    malic, 
[mage-volo] ,  irr.  v.  a.,  wish  more, 
choose  rather,  choose,  prefer,  would 
rather,  wish  rather. 
malum,    -I,    [Gr.   jjj?i\ov~\,    n.,    an 

apple  ;  —  a  quince,  a  citron. 
malus,  -a,  -um,  [?,  akin  to  /ueAas], 
comp.  peior  [?],  superl.  pessi- 
mus  [cf.  pcssum],adj.,  bad,  evil. 
—  Of  moral  qualities,  evil,  wicked, 
vicious,  bad,  spiteful :  lingua  (re- 
ferring to  enchantment)  ;  falx 
(transferred  from  the  owner). — 
Of  things,  bad,  injurious,  trouble- 
some, pernicious,  fatal,  noxious, 
poisonous.  —  Masc.,  a  wicked  per- 
son.  —  Plur.,  the  wicked.  —  Neut., 
an  evil,  a  disaster,  a  misfortune, 
mischief,  a  pest,  a  plague,  a  poison, 
venom,  adversity,  misery,  hard- 
ship, disaster. 

I .  millus,  -I,   [prob.  same  word  as 
malum],  m.,  a  mast. 


I/O 


Vocabiilary. 


2.  mains, -I,  [cf.  I.malus],  f.,  an 

apple-tree. 

main  ma,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  the  breast,  a 
b>-,-ast,  the  dugs  (of  an  animal). 

maiidat  us,  -a,  -um,p.p.of  mando. 

mando,  -avi,-atum,  -arc,  [fmanu- 
and  do,  but  through  adj.  stem, 
fmando-?],  I.  v.  a.,  entrust,  com- 
mand, order,  enjoin.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, consign,  commit :  foliis  car- 
mina ;  hordea  sulcis ;  terrae 
corpora;  humo  solita  (inter). — 
mandatum,  -I,  p.p.  neut.,  a  com- 
mand, an  injunction,  an  order, 
an  instrtiction. 

inando,  inandi,  iiiansn in,  mau- 
dere,  [?],  3.  v.  a.,  c/ieiv,  champ : 
pecus  (devour);  humum  (" bite 
the  drist"). 

mane  [prob.  loc.  of  fniani  (-y/ma 
+  ni,  cf.  mat  urns,  Matuta)], 
adv.,  in  the  morning,  early.  —  As 
subst.,  the  morning,  the  dawn. 

maneu,  mausi,  mansum,  ma- 
nere,  [y'man  (cf.  Gr.  /ueVo>), 
through  adj.  stem  ?,  perh.  akin,  to 
mi-mini,  mens],  2.  v.  a.  and  n., 
remain,  continue,  linger,  await, 
abide,  remain  unchanged.  —  Also, 
abide  by,  stand  by.  —  Act.,  await, 
wait  for. 

manes,  -ium,  [?,  cf.  obs.  maims, 
good~\,  m.  plur.,  the  gods  bdo~sj  (spir- 
its of  the  departed),  the  blessed 
dead.  —  Hence,  the  lower  world, 
the  regions  below.  —  Also,  the  spir- 
its of  the  departed,  a  ghost,  a  shade, 
a  spirit.  —  Esp. :  quisque  suos 
patimur  manes,  destiny  in  the 
world  below  (considered  as  a  state 
of  each  departed  spirit) . 

manira,  -ae,  [fmanu-  (weakened) 
+  ca  (f.  of  cus)],  f.,  a  sleeve  (com- 
ing down  to  the  hands).  —  Plur., 
manacles,  chains. 

manifesto  [abl.  of  manifestus], 
adv.,  clearly,  manifestly,  obviously, 
plainly. 

manifestus,  -a,  -inn,  [fmanu- 
(weakened)  -festus  (p.p.  of  fen- 
do)],  adj.,  (struck  or  seized  with 
the  hand,  hence  caught  in  the  act, 


of  crime,  as  opposed  to  circumstan- 
tial evidence). — Fig.,  clear,  plain, 
evident,  obvious,  made  plain,  clear- 
ly visible. 

manlplus  (-pulus),  -i,  [tmanu- 
(  weakened)  -plus  (akin  to  pleo)], 
m.,  a  handful.  —  Esp.,  a  handful 
of  straw.  —  Hence,  a  company 
(with  a  handful  of  straw  for  a 
standard),  a  troop,  a  band. 

Manlius,  -I  (-H),  [?],  m.,  a  Roman 
gentile  name.  —  Esp.,  J/.  Manlius 
Capitolinus,  who  saved  the  Capi- 
tol Jrom  the  Gauls. 

miiuo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [?,  but 
cf.  madeo],  i.  v.  n.,  flow,  run, 
drip._  ^ 

mansiiesco,-suevi, -suetum,-su- 
escere,  [fmanu-  (reduced)  su- 
esco,  become  wonted  to  the  hand~\, 
3.  v.  n.,  become  tame. —  Less  ex- 
actly, be  subdued  (by  cultivation), 
be  improved.  —  Fig.,  soften,  become 
gentle,  become  mild. 

mantele  (-ile),  -is,  [fmanto-  (or 
other  form  in  t,  akin  to  inanus) 
+  lis,  n.  of  adj.],  n.,  a  towel,  a 
napkin. 

Manto,  -us,  [Gr.  Ma»re£],  f.,  an 
Italian  nymph,  supposed  to  have 
founded  Mantua. 

31  a  ulna,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  city  of 
Gallia  Transpadana,  near  Virgil's 
birthplace. 

inanus,  -us,  [?J,  f.,  a  hand.  —  Also 
fig.  in  many  senses,  as  in  English, 
might,  force,  violence,  force  of 
arms,  deeds  of  might,  valor,  bear- 
ing in  arms.  —  art,  skill,  effort, 
labor.  —  Corresponding  to  English 
arms :  inter  manus  (in  one's 
grasp) ;  effugit  imago  (grasp)  ; 
pacem  orare  manu  (call  for  peace 
•unlit  uplifted  hands). —  Also  (cf. 
maniplus),  a  band,  a  company, 
a  troop.  —  Phrases :  manus  com- 
mittere  Teucris,  join  battle  &c. ; 
manus  ferre,  enter  on  a  work, 
also,  raise  the  hands  (in  boxing)  ; 
conferre  manum  (manus),  join 
battle;  impono  extremam  ma- 
num, the  last  hand,  the  finishing- 


Vocabulary. 


171 


touch  ;  manus  dare,  surrender  ; 
in  manibus,  in  one's  possession, 
in  one's  power,  at  hand ;  inter 
manus,  in  one's  grasp;  medica 
manus,  the  healing  hand  (skill)  ; 
larga  manus,  a  generous  hand 
(generosity) ;  manus  artificum, 
handiwork. 

mapalia,  -ium,  [said  to  be  Phoeni- 
cian], n.  plur.,  huts,  cottages. 

Marcellus,  -i,  [fmarculo-  (fmar- 
co-,  hammer,  +  lus)  +  lus,  second 
dim.  of  Marcus],  m.,  a  family  name 
in  the  Claudian  gens.  —  Esp.,  M. 
ClaudiusMarcellus,\\\io  conquered 
the  Gauls,  Germans,  and  Insubri- 
ans,  slew  Viridomarus,  the  German 
king,  with  his  own  hand,  gaining 
the  technical  spolia  opima,  and 
took  Milan.  He  afterwards  was 
successful  against  Hannibal,  and 
captured  Syracuse. — Also,/)/.  Mar- 

.  cellus,  the  nephew  of  Augustus, 
who  died  young. 

marc,  -is,  [?],  n.,  a  sea,  the  sea,  the 
waves. 

Mareotis,  -idis,  [Gr.  adj.  from  Mo- 
ptia],  f.  adj.,  of  Mareotis  (or  Ma- 
>-t-ti),  (a  lake  and  city  of  Egypt 
famous  for  excellent  wine),  Mare- 
otic. 

Marica,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  an  Italian 
nymph,  wife  of  Faunus,  and  mother 
of  King  Latinus. 

marinus,  -a,  -um,  [fmari  (length- 
ened) +  nus],  adj.,  of  the  sea,  sea-, 
marine,  of  the  deep  :  casus ;  canes. 

iiiarit us,  -I,  [stem  akin  to  mas  + 
tus],  in.,  (prob.  masculine],  a  mar- 
ried man,  a  husband,  a  bridegroom, 
a  lord  (of  women  in  slavery). — 
Less  exactly,  a  suitor.  —  Of  ani- 
mals, a  mate,  a  he-goat,  a  stallion  : 
pecori  (lord,  of  the  male  of  a 
flock). 

Marius, -I  (-ii),  [prob.  fmas  +  ius], 
m.,  the  name  of  a  humble  Roman 
family.  —  Esp.,  C.  Marius,  the 
conqueror  of  the  Cimbri  and  Ju- 
gurtha,  and  opponent  of  Sulla  in 
the  civil  war.  —  Plur.,  Marii,  men 
of  Marius'  stamp. 


marmor,  -oris,  [unc.  root  redupl.], 

n.,  marble.  —  Fig.,  the  sea. 
marmoreus,  -a,  -um,  [fmarmor 

+  eus],  adj.,  of  marble.  —  Fig., 
smooth,  marble  (of  the  sea,  also  of 
a  man's  neck). 

Marpesius  (-essius),  -a,  -um, 
[Gr.  yiapTnja-ffios'],  adj.,  of  Mar- 
pesus  (a  mountain  of  Paros),  Mar- 
flestan.  —  Less  exactly,  Parian. 

Marruvius  (-bins),  -a,  -um,  [?], 
adj.,  of  Marruvium  (a  city  of  La- 
tium,  capital  of  the  Marcian  terri- 
tory), Marruvian.  —  Neut.,  JAzr- 
ruviwn  (the  city  itself). 

Mars,  Martis,  [prob.  contracted  fr. 
Mavors],  m.,  the  Latin  god  of 
war.  —  Fig.,  war,  battle,  conflict, 
•warfare. — Phrases:  adversoMar- 
te,  defeat,  unsuccessful  conflict  ; 
secundo  Marte,  success,  prosper- 
ous issue;  aequo  Marte,  wide- 
decided  tombat;  praesenti  Marte, 
with  threats  of  immediate  war. 

Marsus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  of  the 
Marsi  (a  Sabellian  mountain  race 
of  Italy,  famed  for  magic  rites), 
Marsian.  —  Plur.,  the  Marsi  (the 
nation  itself). 

Martius,  -a,  -um,  [fMart+  ius], 
adj.,  of  Mars,  of  war,  martial, 
•warlike  :  lupus  (sacred  to  Mars) . 

mas,  maris,  [?],  in.,  a  male. 

masculus,  -a,  -um,  [fmas+culus], 
adj.,  male:  tura  (coarse,  large 
grains  of). 

massa ,  -ae,  [  •v/mag  +  ya,  cf.  Gr. 
fid£a],  f.,  a  mass  (orig.  of  dough), 
a  lump. 

Massicus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  of 
Mt.  Massicus  (a  mountain  on  the 
borders  of  Latium  and  Campania, 
famous  for  its  wine),  Massic. — 
Masc.  (with  or  without  moiis), 
the  mountain  itself.  —  Neut.  plur., 
the  Massic  land,  the  soil  of  Ml. 
Massicns.  —  Also,  Massictts,  name 
of  a  king  of  Clusium. 

Massylus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Macro-u- 
Ajoy],  adj.,  of  the  Massylii  (a  na- 
tion of  northern  Africa),  Massy- 
Han.  —  Masc.  pi.,  the  nation  itself. 


Vocabulary. 


mater,  -tris,  [  ?,  y'ma  +  ter  (cf. 
pater)],  f.,  a  mother,  a  matron. 

—  Less  exactly,  as  an  appellative 
of  gods  and  as  a  term  of  respect, 
mother,   venerable   dame,  lady. — 
Also,  a  dam,  a  breeding  animal. 

—  Of  plants,  the  parent,  the  mother. 

—  Also  of  a  country  as  the  parent 
of  her  children. 

materies,  -ei,  [fmater-  (unsynco- 
pated)  +  ies],  f.,  stuff,  material. 

—  Esp.,  timber. 

maternus,  -a,  -urn,  [fmater-  (un- 
syncopated)  +  nus],  adj.,  of  a 
(one's)  mother,  maternal. 

matrona,  -ae,  [fmatro-  (akin  to 
mater,  cf.  aegrotus)  +  na,  cf. 
patronus],  f.,  a  matron,  a  dame, 
a  woman  (married). 

ma  turd,  -avl,  -at  inn,  -are,  [fma- 
turo],  I.  v.  a.,  hasten. —  Esp., 
hasten  to  prepare. 

matiirus,  -a,  -um,  [fmatu-  (akin 
to  inane,  cf.  Matuta)  +  ms], 
adj.,  early.  —  Also,  by  some  un- 
certain connection,  ripe,  mature, 
full-grown.  —  Transferred :  soles 
(at  their  heigh  f) . 

mat iitinus,  -a,  -um,  [fMatuta- 
(reduced,  or  stem  akin)  +  inus], 
adj.,  early,  morning:  Aeneas 
(early  in  the  morning). 

Maurusius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Mavpov- 
oios],  adj.,  of  the  Mauri  (a  race 
of  northern  Africa),  Moorish.  — 
Loss  exactly,  African,  of  Africa. 

Mavors,  -ortis,  [?,  cf.  Mars],  in., 
Mars.  —  Also,  war,  conflict,  fight- 
ing, deeds  of  arms. 

Mavortius,  -a,  -um,  [tMavort  + 
ius],  adj.,  of  Mars,  martial,  of 
-war,  warlike,  son  of  Mars,  sacred 
to  Mars. 

maximus,  see  magnus. 

me,  see  ego. 

meatus,  -us,  [fmea-  (of  meo)  + 
tus],  m.,  a  movement,  a  revolu- 
tion :  caeli  (courses  of  the  heav- 
enly bodies}. 

medeor,  -eri,  (only  pres.  stem), 
[fmedo-  (  y'med  +  us,  cf.  medi- 
cus,  remedium)],  2.  v.  dep.,  treat 


(medically),  heal,  cure :  medendi 
usus  (the  healing  art)  ;  medendo 
aegrescere  (by  treatment). 

Media,  -ae,  [fMedo-  (reduced)  + 
ius,  prop,  adj.],  f.,  a  country  of 
Asia  south  of  the  Caspian,  used 
loosely  for  the  whole  region  there- 
about. 

medicatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  medi- 
co. 

medicina,  -ae,[tmedico-(reduced) 
+  ina,  prop.  adj.  (sc.  ars?)],  f., 
medicine,  the  art  of  healing.  — 
A\5O,j~emea'y,  ctire. 

medico,  -avi,  -a  turn,  -are,[tmedi- 
CO-],  I.  v.  a.,  medicate,  give  (me- 
dicinal) virtue  to,  prepare  with, 
drugs,  steep  (of  seeds).  —  Pass,  as 
dep.,  treat,  cure,  heal.  —  medi- 
catus, -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  pre- 
pared (with  drugs),  scented,  medi- 
cated. 

Medicus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  MrjStKos'}, 
adj.,  Median.  —  Fein.,  (sc.  hcrhu, 
cf.  /U7?5(»d)),  clover,  lucerne  (intro- 
duced into  Greece  by  the  Persians) . 

medicus,  -a,  -um,  [fmedo-  (cf. 
medeor,  remedium)  +  cus], 
adj.,  healing :  manus. 

meditatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  medi- 
tor. 

meditor,  -tiitus,  -tari,  [fmedito- 
(p.p.  of  medeor?)],  i.  v.  dep., 
practise,  experiment,  play  (on  an 
instrument) .  —  Also,  contrive,  in- 
vent, intend,  purpose,  think  of, 
premeditate. 

mcdius,  -a,  -um,  [same  root  as 
modus -f  ius,  cf.  Gr.  jucVo?],  adj., 
middle,  the  middle  of,  the  midst  of. 
central,  between,  mid,  midway  be- 
tween, in  the  centre,  in  the  midst, 
in  the  middle,  the  thickest  of,  the 
depth  of,  the  height  of,  the  extreme 
of,  in  the  thickest  of,  in  the  centre, 
just  between,  right  among :  est  via 
media  nobis  (we  are  half  zvay 
there}  ;  vallum  (the  inside  of)  ; 
medio  de  cortice  (from  the  smooth 
bark,  opposed  to  regular  knots)  ; 
medio  in  conspectu  (right  in 
one's  sight) ;  medios  cursus  tor- 


Vocabulary. 


173 


quet  nox  (jnidu'av  in  her  coursi) ; 
medium  mare  (depths  of  the  sea) ; 
medius  dies  (the  South') ;  medium 
se  offert  (a  mediator") ;  in  medio 
ictu  (just  at  the  stroke}  ;  medium 
per  femur  (straight  through). — 
Neut.,  as  subst. :  in  medio,  in  the 
middle;  in  medium, /or  the  com- 
mon advantage. 

Medon,  -ontis,  [Gr.  Me'Swi/],  m.,  a 
Trojan  warrior  or  ally  of  the  Trojans. 

medulla,  -ae,  [akin  to  medius,  cf. 
Gr.  diminutives  in  -\>\Kov\,  f.,  the 
marrow  of  the  bones,  the  marrow, 
the  inmost  frame. 

Medus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  MfjSos],  adj., 
Median,  of  the  Medes.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, Persian. —  Masc.  plur.,  the 
Medes,  the  Persians. 

Me»;aera,  -ac,  [Gr.  Me-ycupa],  f., 
one  of  the  Furies. 

Megarus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Mtyapos, 
or  kindred  form],  adj.,  of  Megara 
(a  city  of  Sicily,  also  called  Hybla), 
Megarian. 

mel,  mellis,  [cf.  Gr.  /t«A.i,  English 
meatf],  n.,  honey  :  pabula  melli 
(for  making  honey) . 

Mela,  see  Mella. 

Melampiis,  -o<lis,  [Gr.  MeAa^irous], 
m.,  a  famous  physician  and  seer, 
who  was  fabled  to  understand  the 
songs  of  birds. 

Mcliboeus,  -I,  [Gr.  MeAOSotos],  m., 
a  shepherd. 

Melibocus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  M«A.(- 
/3oios],  adj.,  of  Melibiva  (a  town  of 
Thessaly,  whence  came  Philocte- 
tes),  Melilxvan. —  Fern.,  Meliba-a 
(the  town  itself). 

Mclieerta  (-es),  -ae,  [Gr.'MeA*- 
Kf'prrjs],  m.,  the  son  of  Ino  and 
Athamas.  Being  drowned  with 
his  mother,  he  was  changed  into  a 
sea-god. 

melior,  see  bonus. 

melisphyllum,  -I,  [Gr.  /ieAioW- 
<pv\\ov],  n.,  balm  (?),  mint  (?), 
an  aromatic  herb,  a  favorite  flower 
for  bees.  Lat.  apiastntm. 

Mel  it  o,  -es,  [Gr.  MeAiVrj],  f.,  a  sea- 
nymph. 


Mella  (Mela),  -ae,  [?],  m.,  a  river 
of  Cisalpine  Gaul  flowing  through 
Brescia. 

membrum,  -I,  [?],  n.,  a  limb,  a 
member,  the  frame,  the  body,  the 
form,  the  person. 

memini,  -isse,  (only  perf.  stem  in 
sense  of  present),  [y'men,  cf. 
mens,reminiscor],  v.  a.,  remem- 
ber, recollect,  recall,  call  to  mind . 
quorum  poetae  (mention*) . — Less 
exactly,  think  of,  care  for.  —  With 
inf.,  remember  to,  not  forget,  take 
care  to.  —  With  negatives,  forget, 
neglect. 

Memmius,  -I  (-il),  [?],  m.,  a  Ro- 
man gentile  name. 

Memnon,  -onis,  [Gr.  Mefj.vwv'],  m., 
son  of  Aurora  and  king  of  the 
Ethiopians.  His  arms  were  fabled 
to  have  been  made  by  Vulcan  at 
the  request  of  Aurora. 

memor,  -oris,  [prob.  ^/SMAR  (re-- 
duplicated)  as  stem],  adj.,  remem- 
bering, mindful,  with  a  good  mem- 
ory, thoughtful,  careful,  provident, 
caring  for :  memor  esto  (remem- 
ber) ;  ira  (unrelenting,  that  can- 
not forget}  ;  *&nua.(unforget/ul') ; 
dum  memor  ipse  mei  (so  long  as 
I  retain  a  remembrance  of  my- 
self) ;  ipsae  redeunt  in  tecta 
(without  fail)  ;  memores  referte 
(carefully) ;  apud  memores  stat 
gratia  (memory  remains  in  grate- 
ful hearts) . — With  negatives,  heed- 
less, unmindful,  careless,  without 
thought  of. 

memorabilis,  -e,  [fmemora  (of 
memoro)  +  bilis],  adj.,  memor- 
able, glorious. 

memoratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  me* 
moro. 

memoro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fme- 
mor-  (as  if  memoro-)],  i.  v.  a., 
call  to  mind1,  tell,  say,  narrate, 
relate,  speak  of,  tell  of,  mention, 
call.  —  memorandum,  -a,  -um, 
ger.  p.  as  adj.,  memorable,  famous, 
deserving  of  mention.  —  memo- 
rat  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p,  as  adj.,  re- 
itffwned,  tn  itch  talked  of. 


174 


Vocabulary, 


Menalcas,  -ae,  [?],  m.,a  shepherd. 

mendax,  -acis,  [stem  akin  to  men- 
da,  meiidum  +  ax  (cf.  audax), 
cf.  also  mentior,  which  has  how- 
ever a  different  stem  formation], 
adj.,  false,  lying,  untruthful,  de- 
ceitful. 

Menelaus,  -1,  [Gr.  MeveXaos],  m., 
the  husband  of  Helen  of  Greece, 
and  brother  of  Agamemnon. 

Menestheus  (Mnes-),  -ei  (-cos), 
[Gr.  MevfffQevs],  m.,  a  Trojan, 
companion  of  /Eneas. 

Menoetes,  -ae,  [Gr.  Mfvoirrjs'],  m., 
a  Trojan,  companion  of  ^Lneas. 

mens,  mentis,  [^/men  (cf.  me- 
mini)  +  tis  (reduced)],  f.,  the 
mind  (cf.  animus,  the  soul  and 
intellect  together),  the  intellect, 
the  intelligence,  the  memory,  the 
senses,  sense,  reflection  (as  an  act, 
perh.  the  orig.  meaning),  thought. 
—  Less  exactly,  an  idea,  a  mind, 
a  purpose,  a  resolution.  —  Often 
not  differing  from  animus,  heart, 
soul,  feelings,  desire. 

me  nsa,  -ae,  [fern,  of  p.p.  of  metior, 
sc.  tabula?],  f.,  a  table.  —  Less 
exactly,  food,  banquet,  feast. 

meiisis,  -is,  [akin  to  Gr.  fj.Tjv,  Eng. 
moon,  mont/i],  m.,  a  month  :  caeli 
(the  phases  of  the  moon). 

menstruus,  -a, -urn,  [fmensi-  (of 
unc.  termination)],  adj.,  monthly. 

mentior,  -itus,  -Iri,  [prob.  fmenti- 
(through  idea  of  imagination)], 
4.  v.  a.  and  n.,  lie,  pretend  falsely  : 
lanacolores  (assume  false  colors') ; 
mentita  tela  {counterfeit,  lying). 

mentitus,-a,-um,  p.p.  of  mentior. 

mentum,  -i,  [y'men,  in  mineo-f 
turn  (n.  of  tus)],  n.,  the  chin. 

mephitis,  -is,  [?],  i.,foul  air,  an 
exhalation. 

mercatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  mercor. 

merces,  -edis,  [fmerce-  (as  if  of 
fmerceo,  cf.  merx,  mercena- 
rius)  +  dus  (reduced)],  f.,  pav, 
wages,  Iii re,  retvard. — With  change 
of  point  of  view,  cost,  price,  loss. 

mercor,  -atus,  -ari,  [fmerc-], 
I.  v.  dep.,  buy,  purchase,  pay  a 


price  for:  magno  mercentur 
Atridae  {pay  a  great  price  for). 

Mercurius,  -I  (-ii),  [stem  in  -ro  or 
-ri  from  fmerc-  (reduced)  +  ius], 
m.,  Mercury,  the  god  of  gain 
among  the  Romans.  On  account 
of  some  similar  attributes  he  was 
identified  with  the  Greek  Hermes, 
and  as  such  regarded  as  the  son 
of  Jupiter  and  Maia,  grandson  of 
Atlas,  messenger  of  the  gods,  and 
conductor  of  souls  to  the  infernal 
world,  in  which  last  capacity  he 
carried  the  rod  twined  with  ser- 
pents, or  caduceus,  identical  with 
the  herald's  staff. 

mereo, -m,  -itum,-ere,  [?],  2.v.a., 
earn,  win,  gain,  deserve,  deserve 
ii>ell(or  ill),merit.  — Pass,  as  dep., 
same  sense.  —  meritus,  -a,  -um, 
p.p.  as  adj.,  act.,  well-deserving, 
useful,  faithful,  —  but  also,  ill- 
deserving,  offending.  —  Pass.,  de- 
served, well  -won,  due,  as  one  de- 
serves, just.  —  Neut.,  a  service,  a 
merit,  desert,  a  favor, 

merges,  -itis,  [?],  f.,  a  sheaf. 

mergo,  mersi,mersum,mergere, 
[•y/rnerg,  cf.  mergus],  3.  v.  a., 
plunge,  drown,  overwhelm,  sivallow 
up.  —  Also  fig. :  me  mails. 

mergus,  -i,  [-y/merg  +  us],  m.,  a 
sea-bird,  gnll(  ?),  cor  mo  r  ant  (  ?). 

merito  [abl.  of  meritus],  adv., 
deservedly,  as  one  deserves,  justly, 
rightly. 

meritus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  mereo 
and  mereor. 

Meropes,  -ac,  [Gr.  MepoTTTj],  in.,  a 
Trojan. 

merops,  -opis,  [Gr.  /te'poij/],  f.,  "<» 
bee-eater"  some  kind  of  bird  that 
attacks  bees. 

merso,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fmer- 
s5-],  i.  v.  a.,  plunge,  drown,  over- 
whelm, wash,  dip. 

mersus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  mergo. 

morns,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  pn>'f, 
unmixed,  iinadulteraUd.  —  Kent, 
(sc.  vlniiin),  unmixed -wine,  pure 
wine, 

merx,  mercis,  [perh. root  of  mereo 


Vocabulary. 


175 


-f  cus  (reduced)],  f.,  merchandise, 
wares. 

Messapus,  -I,  [a  foreign  word, 
fmesso-  (akin  to  niedius)  -apus 
(apia  akin  to  aqua)],  m.,  a  king 
of  Messapia  (the  country  forming 
the  heel  of  the  boot  of  Italy,  be- 
tween the  Adriatic  and  the  Gulf  of 
Otranto). 

messis,  -is,  [-y/met  (in  meto)  + 
tis],  f.,  a  harvest.  —  Less  exactly, 
a  crop,  standing  grain,  a  gather- 
ing (of  other  products) .  —  Of  time, 
harvest,  harvest-time. 

messor,  -oris,  [-^met  (in  meto) 
-f  tor] ,  m.,  a  reaper,  a  harvester. 

messus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  meto. 

met  [pron.  -y/ma,  cf.  me],  insep. 
intens.  particle  used  with  pronouns, 
self,  own. 

meta,  -ao,  [akin  to  metior],  f.,  a 
goal,  a  limit,  a  boundary,  the  end  : 
media  {middle  point). 

Metabus,  -i,  [?],  m.,  a  Volscian, 
father  of  Camilla. 

metallum,  -I,  [Gr.  /ieVoAAoi/],  n., 
a  mine.  —  Less  exactly,  metal,  ore. 

Methymnaeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Mrj- 
Qvp.va'ios],  adj.,  of  Methymna  (a 
city  of  Lesbos  famous  for  its  wine), 
Methymnian. 

metior,  mensus,  metiri,  [akin  to 
modus  through  noun-stem],  4.  v. 
dep.,  measure:  Hesperiam  iacens 
(of  a  warrior  slain).  —  Less  exact- 
ly, traverse,  pass  over. 

Metiscus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  the  charioteer 
of  Turnus. 

Mctius,  see  Mettus. 

meto,  messui,  messum,  metere, 
[^/met,  prob.  akin  to  Gr.  a^dia, 
Eng.  mow],  3.  v.  a.,  mow,  reap, 
cut.  —  Less  exactly,  gather,  sip  (of 
bees).  —  Fig.,  of  slaughter,  mow 
down. 

metor,  -atus,  -ari,  [fmeta-J, 
I .  v.  dep.,  measure,  lay  out,  survey. 

Mettus  (-tius),  -i,  [?],  m.,  an  Al- 
ban  name. — Esp.,  Mettus  Fuffe- 
lius,  an  Alban  dictator  who  on 
account  of  treachery  was  drawn 
asunder  by  horses. 


metuo,  metui,  metntum,  metu- 
ere,  [fmetu-],  3.  v.  a.  and  n., 
fear,  dread,  be  alarmed,  be  afraid 
of;  —  be  in  fear,  be  concerned  for. 
—  metuens,  -entis,  p.  as  adj., 
fearful,  dreading,  apprehensive, 
concerned  for. 

metus,  -us,  [?],  m.,  fear,  dread, 
alarm,  terror,  consternation  ;  — 
awe,  reverence. — Personified,  Fear. 

meus,  -a,  -um,  [pron.  -^ma  +  ius], 
poss.  adj.,  my,  mine,  my  <nvn. — 
Masc.  sing,  and  plur.,  my  son 
{friend,  follower,  countryman, 
subject,  kindred,  &c.).  —  Neut,  my 
{fortune,  destiny,  resources,  &c.). 

Mezentius,  -I  (-11),  [?],  m.,  an 
Etruscan  king,  famous  for  his  cru- 
elty, whose  subjects  revolted  and 
joined  tineas. 

mico,  -avi,  -iituni,  -are,  [?], 
i.  v.  n.,  quiver,  dart,  move  (rap- 
idly to  and  fro) .  —  Also,  flash, 
sparkle,  gleam. 

3Iicon,  -onis,  [Gr.  MIKWV],  m.,  a 
shepherd. 

migro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [?], 
I.  v.  n.,  move  (in  a  body),  migrate, 
depart. 

miles,  -itis,  [fmile-  (as  root,  cf. 
mille)  +  tus  or  tis  (reduced)], 
comm.,  a  soldier.  —  Collectively, 
soldiery,  soldiers,  troops. 

Milesius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  MiX^o-ioy], 
adj.,  of  Miletus  (a  city  of  Asia  Mi- 
nor famous  for  its  wool),  Alilesian. 

militia,  -ae,  [fmilit-f  ia],  f.,  mil- 
itary service,  warfare. 

milium,  -i  (-ii),  [?],  n.,  millet. 

mllle,  plur.  milia,  -ium,  [petrified 
formation  from  •y/mil,  cf.  miles], 
a  thousand  (either  definitely,  or 
indefinitely  as  a  large  number). 

Mimas,  -antis,  [Gr.  Mf/ms],  m.,  a 
Trojan. 

m inac,  -arum,  [y'min.cf.minco], 
f.  plur.,  threats,  menaces,  threaten- 
ing perils.  —  Poetically  (pcrh.  in 
orig.  meaning)  :  minae  murorum, 
threatening  walls  ;  tollentem  mi- 
nas,  raising  his  angry  head,  of  a 
serpent. 


176 


Vocabulary. 


,  -acis,  [fmina-  (cf.  minor) 
-feus  (reduced)],  adj.,  threaten- 
ing, menacing,  ill-boding:  arma 
minacis  (of  his  threatening  en- 
emy). 

Mincius,  -I  (-ii),  [?],  m.,  the  Min- 
cio,  a  river  of  Cisalpine  Gaul,  near 
Mantua,  a  branch  of  the  Fo. 

Minerva,  -ae,  [?,  perh.  akin  to 
mens],  f.,  the  Roman  goddess  of 
wisdom,  partially  identified  with 
the  Greek  Pallas  Athene.  She 
was  reckoned  as  the  daughter  of 
Jupiter,  the  patroness  of  all  arts 
and  sciences,  especially  the  house- 
hold arts,  and  the  inventress  of  the 
olive.  —  Also  (cf.  Ceres,  grain), 
spinning,  weaving. 

minime  [ahl.  of  minimus],  adv., 
leasL 

Minio,  -onis,  [?],  m.,  a  river  of 
Etruria. 

minister,  -tri,  [tminus+  ter,  cf. 
magister],  m.,  a  servant,  an  at- 
tendant. —  Esp.,  an  attendant 
priest. — In  apposition  (as  adj.), 
aiding,  abetting:  Calchante  rai- 
nistro  (by  the  aid  of}. 

ministerium,  -I  (-if),  [fministro 
-fium],  n.,  a  service,  an  office. 

ministra,  -ae,  [f.  of  minister],  f., 
an  attendant  (female). 

miiiistro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fmi- 
nistro-],  i.  v.  a.  and  n.,  attend, 
serve.  —  Also,  serve,  supply,  afford. 

mi  nit  or,  -atus,  -ari,  [tminito- 
(as  if  p.p.  of  minor)],  I.  v.  dep., 
threaten,  menace. 

minium,  -i  (-11),  [?],  n.,  cinnabar, 
red  lead. 

Minoius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Mti/c6ios], 
adj.,  of  Minos. 

minor,  -atus,  -ari,  [fmina-  (mi- 
iiae)],  i.  v.  n.  and  a.,  threaten, 
jnenace,tower  (threateningly),  bode, 
portend,  threaten  to  fall :  mortem 
mihi  (tne  -with  death,  changing  the 
construction). 

minor,  see  parvus. 

Minos,  -ois,  [Gr.  MiVws],  m.,  a 
king  of  Crete,  made  a  judge  in  the 
world  below. 


Minotaurus,  -i,  [Gr.  Mtvuravpos], 
m.,  the  Minotaur,  a  monster,  half 
man,  half  bull,  killed  by  Theseus. 

minus,  see  parvus. 

minutatim  [as  if  ace.  of  tmmuta- 
(cf.  in  in  ut us)  -f  tis],  adv.,  piece 
meal,  bit  by  bit,  by  degrees,  grad- 
ually. 

mirahilis,  -e,  [fmira-  (of  miror) 
-f  bills],  adj.,  wonderful,  marvel- 
lous, admirable. 

mlraculum,  -i,  [fmira-  (miror) 
+  culum,  as  if  fmiraco-  (mira  + 
cus)  +  lum],  n.,  a  marvel,  a  prod- 
igy, a  wonder. 

miratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  miror. 

miror,  -atus,  -ari,  [fmiro-],  i.  v.a. 
and  n.,  wonder,  marvel.  —  Act., 
marvel  at,  wonder  at,  admire,  see 
•with  surprise,  gaze  at  with,  admi- 
ration. 

mirus,  -a,  -um,  [  ^/SMI  +  rus,  cf. 
;itei5aa>],  adj.,  strange,  marvellous, 
wondrous,  surprising,  extraordi- 
nary. 

misceo,  miscui,  mix  turn  (mis- 
turn),  miscere,  [fmisco  (cf. 
promiscuus ) ,  akin  to  Gr.  /j.lo-yw'] , 
2.  v.  a.,  mingle,  mix,  confuse,  con- 
found, unite,  blend:  operi  metum; 
maria  caelo ;  vina  cum  sangui- 
ne ;  lilia  rosa.  —  Passive,  or  with 
reflexive,  mingle,  unite,  be  united, 
be  joined :  se  corpore  (of  the  soul 
of  the  world, permeate,  be  diffused). 
—  Of  any  confusion,  disturb,  con- 
found, embroil,  trouble  :  tellurem 
diluvio  (overwhelm)  ;  agmina 
(scatter) ;  se  maria  (are  thrown 
into  confusion") .  —  Of  the  effect, 
cause  (confusedly),  raise :  proe- 
lia  (raise  wild  warfare") ;  in- 
cendia  (spread);  inter  se  vol- 
nera  (exchange);  inania  mur- 
mura  (spread  confused  and  mean- 
ingless murmurs);  acies  (form  a 
motley  line).  —  mixtus,  -a,  -um, 
p.p.,  mingled,  often  with  change 
of  point  of  view,  mingled  with, 
witk  mingled,  &c. :  laetitia  mix- 
toque  metu  (with  mingled  joy 
and  fear) ;  mixto  pulvere  fumua 


Vocabulary. 


177 


(smoke  mingled  with  dmf) . — Also 
(cf.  third  division  above)  :  mixtae 
glomerantur  (of  bees,  swarm- 
ing} ;  misceniur  (swarm,  of  bees). 
Misenus,  -I,  [Gr.  MIO-T^OS],  m. : 
I.  The  trumpeter  of /Eneas;  2.  (sc. 
mons),  Misenum,  the  promontory 
north  of  the  Bay  of  Naples  (now 
Miseno}. 

miser,  -era,  -erum,  [fmise  as  root 
(cf.  maereo)  +  rus  (reduced)], 
adj.,  wretched,  pitiable,  unfortu- 
nate, ill-fated,  unhappy,  distressed. 
—  As  subst,  a  wretch,  unhappy 
man,  a  wretched  being.  —  Neut.,  a 
pity,  a  wretched  thing.  —  In  a  kind 
of  apposition,  Oh  misery!  Oh 
pitiable  fate  ! 

miserabilis,  -c,  [tmisera-  (stem  of 
miseror)  +  bills],  adj.,  miser- 
able, pitiable,  unhappy,  deplorable, 
wretched,  shocking,  lamentable. 
miseratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  mise- 
ror. _ 

niis<T«»o,  -ni,  -ituni,  -ere,  [tmise- 
ro-],  2.  v.  a.  and  n.,  feel  pity,  take 
pitv  on,  have  compassion  on.  — 
Impersonal  (with  person  as  object, 
cf.  "it  repenteth  him"),  pity,  feel 
compassion,  commiserate  :  te  lap- 
sorum  (you  pity  the  fallen). — 
Pass.,  as^dep.,  in  same  sense. 
miseresoo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -ere, 
[fmisere-  (of  misereo)  +  sco], 
3.  v.  n.,  pity,  have  compassion  on 
take  pity  on. 

miseror,  -atus,  -Sri,  [fmisero-], 

I.  v.  dep.,  pity,  have  compassion 

on,  take  pity  on. 

missilis,  -e,    [fmisso  +  Us],    adj., 

missile,  flying.  —  Neut.,  a  missile, 

a  weapon  (hurled). 

missus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  mitto. 

missus,  -us,  [-y/mit  (mitto) +tus], 

m.,  a  sending,  a  command. 
mist  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  misceo. 
mitesco,  no  perf.,  no  sup., -escere 
[frnite-  (as  if  stem  of  miteo,  cf 
mitis)  +  sco],  -3.  v.  incept.,  grow 
vi  ild,  soften,  become  gentle. 
mitigo,  -avi,  -atum,  -sire,  [fmiti- 
go-  (fmiti-agus,  cf.  prodigus), 


cf.   navigo],    I.  v.  a.,  soften,  ap- 
pease. 

mitis,  -e,  [?],  adj.,  mellow  (of  fruit 
or  wine),  soft,  ripe.  —  Also,  gentle, 
calm,  still. 

mitra,  -ae,  [Gr.  /uirpo],  f.,  a  cap  (of 
the  Phrygian  form,  with  lappets 
tied  under  the  chin). 
mitto,  misi,  missum,  mitterc, 
[?],  3.  v.  a.,  let  go  (cf.  omitto), 
dismiss,  suffer  to  go,  omit,  send  (in 
any  direction),  despatch,  consign, 
send  forth,  throw,  shoot,  let  in,  ad- 
mit:  fun  era  Teucris  (spread 
among) ;  se  in  foedera  (submit 
to);  sub  leges  orbem  (subject 
to) ;  signa  Bootes  (give,  afford) ; 
se  (throw  one's  self,  descend} ; 
fulgura  (emit)  ;  alnus  missa 
Pado  (sent  down} ;  sub  amnem 
(admit  within} ;  animas  in  pe- 
ricula  (risk}  ;  sub  pericula  (t-.r- 
pose  to) ;  certamen  (dismiss.)  — 
Esp.  of  funeral  offerings :  sollem- 
nia,  offer  ;  quos  umbris  inferias, 
sacrifice. 

mixtus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  misceo. 
Mnasylus,  -I,  [Greek],  m.,  a  young 

satyr. 

Muestheus,  see  Menestheuo. 
mobilis,  -e,   [fmovi-  (in  movco, 
cf.  motus)  -f  bilis],  adj.,  free  to 
move.  —  Fig.,  changeable,  varying, 
flexible,  pliable. 

mobilitas,  -tatis,  [fmobili  +  tas], 
f.,  freedom  of  motion,  si.i'iftness, 
rapidity  of  motion. 
modo  [abl.  of  modus],  adv.,  (in  a 
measure  or  minute  portion,  of  time 
or  degree),  just  now,  lately,  a  lit- 
tle while  ago. —  Of  degree,  only, 
merely :  modo  non  (all  but,  al- 
most}. —  Esp.,  with  hortatory  subj. 
or  similar  construction,  only,  pro- 
vided, so  long  as.  —  So  also  with 
dum,  tantum,  in  same  sense. 
modulor,  -atus,  -ari,  [tmodulo- 
(dim.  of  modus)],  I.  v.  dep.,  set 
to  measure,  sing,  play. 
modus,  -I,  [perh.  akin  to  metior, 
y'mod  (cf.  modius)  +  us],  m.,  a 
measure,  a  note  (measured  inter- 


I78 


Vocabulary. 


val),  a  strain,  a  song  (in  plur.),  a 
limit,  a  bound,  an  end.  — Hence 
also,  prescribed  method,  manner, 
•way,  mode,  fashion,  form,  habit, 
law  (of  nature) . 

mociiia,  -uin  (-orum),  [stemmoe- 
ni-  (muni-),  akin  to  imiims,  cf. 
communis,  orig.  assigned  parts 
or  tasks,  cf.  the  mode  of  building 
country  roads],  n.,  only  pi.,  walls, 
fortifications. — Less  exactly,  a  city, 
a  citadel. 

inoereo,  see  maereo,  the  proper 
spelling. 

Moeris,  -is,  [?],  m.,  a  farm-servant. 

moerus,  see  murus. 

mola,  -ae,  [^/mol  +  a,  cf.  molo], 
f.,  meal  (coarse-ground,  used  in 
sacrifices) . 

molaris,  -fst  [fmola  +  ris],  m., 
(adj.,  of  meal,  sc.  lapis),  a  mill- 
stone. —  Less  exactly,  a  rock  (huge 
as  a  mill-stone). 

mules,  -is,  [?,  two  stems  in  -us  and 
-i],  f.,  a  mass,  bulk,  a  heap,  a 
weight,  a  mass  of  rocks  (or  other 
material),  size,  weight,  a  massive 
structure,  a  massive  pile,  a  huge 
frame,  a  burden,  massy  waves, 
mass  {array  of  men).  —  Esp.,  a 
wall,  a  dyke,  a  mole. — Fig.,  trouble, 
labor,  toil. 

molior,  -itus,  -Iri,  [fmoli-  (cf. 
moles)],  4.  v.  dep., pile  up,  heap, 
3«z%/(with  toil  or  difficulty),  frame, 
construct :  fugam  (undertake)  ; 
terrain  molitus  (turning  the 
massive  ear  lli);  bipennem(7MVA/) ; 
insidias  {plot,  contrive}  ;  moram 
{cause) ;  talia  {undertake)  ;  la- 
\>OT£m{engagein) ;  viam  (  force) ; 
iter  {pursue)  ;  locum  {fortify) ; 
habenas  {handle)  ;  morbos  {setuf). 

molitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  molior. 

mollio,  -Ivi,-Itum,  -Ire,  [fmolli-], 
4.  v.  a.,  soften.  —  Less  exactly,  im- 
prove,domesticate,  mellow  (of  fruits 
by  cultivation).  —  1'ig.,  soothe, 
calm,  appease. 

inollis,  -e,  [?,  perh.  for  MAKDUIS 
(cf.  tenuis),  y'mar  (cf.  molo) 
+  du  (cf.  lacrima)],  adj.,  soft, 


tender,  mellow,  delicate,  pliant, 
flexible  :  aurum  {ductile) ;  pecus 
{tender,young) . — Y\g.,gentle,  easy, 
mild :  baud  mollia  iussa  (l>y  no 
means  easy,  cf.  immitis) ;  flam- 
ma  {pleasing,  of  love);  Sabaei 
{effeminate);  umbra  {pleasant); 
collum  {submissive,  tractable) ; 
vina  {mellow) ;  haud  mollia  fa- 
tu  {no  easy  things  to  sav)  ;  pilen- 
ta  {easy). 

molliter  [fmolli  +  ter,  (prob.  -te- 
rum,  reduced)],  adv.,  softly,  gent- 
ly :  excudent  alii  spirantia 
mollius  aera  {gracefully,  softly- 
flowing,  of  the  lines  in  art). 

mollltus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  moll io. 

Molorchus,  -I,  [Gr.  Mo\opxos~], 
m.,  the  entertainer  of  Hercules 
when  he  killed  the  Nemean  lion : 
luci  Molorchi  (of  the  haunt  of 
the  lion). 

Molossus, -a, -um,  [Gr.  MoiVooWj], 
adj.,  of  the  Molossi  (a  nation  of 
Crete),  Molossian.  —  Masc.  (sc. 
canis),  a  Molossian  dog,  a  mastiff. 

nioiii-o,  monui,  monitum,  mo- 
nere,  [-y/man  (cf.  memini  , 
prob.  an  old  causative],  2.  v.  a., 
remind,  advise,  warn,  admonish, 
teach,  show,  suggest,  advise,  direct : 
menstrua  luna  {forebode) . 

moiiile,  -is,  [unc.  stcm  +  ilis],  n., 
a  necklace.  —  Less  exactly,  a  col- 
lar. * 

inonimentum,seemonumentum. 

monitum,  -I,  [n.  p.p.  of  moiieo], 
n.,  a  warning,  advice,  a  command, 
a  precept,  an  admonition,  a  proph- 
ecy (divine  suggestion). 

moiiitus,  -us,  [fmoni-  (weaker 
stem  of  moneo)  -f  tus],  m.,  a 
suggestion,  a  warning,  advice, 
counsel,  a  command,  a  mundate. 

monitus,  -a,  -nm,  p.p.  of  moneo. 

Monoecus,  -I,  [Gr.  MOI/OIKOS],  m., 
a  name  of  Hercules. — Also:  arx 
Monoeci,  a  town  in  I.iguria  (now 
called  Monaco),  so  called  from  a 
legend  of  I  lercules. 

mons,  montis,  [-y/man  (cf.  ml- 
neo)  +  tia  (reduced)],  m.,  a 


Vocabulary. 


179 


mountain,  a  hill.  —  Used  poeti- 
cally for  other  things,  as  in  Eng. 

moiistrator,  -oris,  [fmonstra- 
(stem  of  monstro)  +  tor,]  m., 
pointer-out :  aratri  (discoverer, 
inventor} . 

mo  list  rat  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  mon- 
stro. ^ 

monstro,  -avl,  -atum,  -are, 
[fmonstro-],  i.  v.  a.,  point  out, 
show.  —  Less  exactly,  appoint,  di- 
rect, impel,  teach,  command. 

monstrum,  -I,  [fmon  (as  root)  + 
trum  (the  s  is  of  doubtful  origin, 
cf.  lustrum)],  n.,  a  prodigy  (as 
an  indication  from  the  gods),  a 
marvel,  a  wonder,  a  portent,  a  por- 
tentous sight.  —  Less  exactly,  a 
hideous  creature,  a  monster,  a  pest, 
a  fiend,  vermin.  —  Also,  plur., 
spells  (dreadful  magic  arts). — 
Poetically,  of  the  sea. 

montanus,  -a,  -um,  [fmont-  (re- 
duced stem  of  mous)  +  anus], 
adj.,  of  the  mountain,  mountain-. 

11 1  on  I  os  us,  -a,  -um,  [fmont-  (re- 
duced stem  of  mons)  +  osus], 
adj.,  mountainous.  —  Less  exactly, 
on  a  mountain,  high-perched. 

moiiiniK'iil  nm  (moiii-),  -I,  [fmo- 
ni-  (weaker  stem  of  moiieo)  + 
mentum],  n.,  a  memorial,  a  sou- 
venir, a  monument,  a  record,  a 
relic,  a  reminder. 

DIopsus,  -I,  [Gr.  Mity/os],  in.,  a 
shepherd. 

mora,  -ac,  [prob.  akin  to  mcmor, 
•y/s.MAR  +  a,  Iiesitationl'},  L,  delay, 
hesitation,  reluctance,  objection, 
loitering,  stay,  pause,  respite. — 
Concretely,  a  hindrance,  an  ob- 
stacle, a  defence  :  pretium  morae 
(worth  the  time}  ;  castigant  mo- 
ras (punish  the  laggards}. — 
Phrases  (cf.  derivation)  :  rumpe- 
re  moras,  break  off  delay  ;  prae- 
cipitare  moras,  speed  without 
delay ;  trahere  moras,  prolong 
delay. 

moratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  moror. 

morbus,  -I,  [-ymor  (cf.  morior) 
+  bus  (cf.  superbus,  turba)], 


m.,  sickness,  illness,  a  disease,  a 
malady,  a  disorder :  caeli  (an 
epidemic).  —  Personified,  plur., 
Diseases. 

mordeo,  momordi,  morsum, 
mordere,  [fmordo-  (cf.  mor- 
dosus,  mordicus)],  2.  v.  a.,  bite. 

—  Fig.,  clasp  (of  a  buckle). 
moribundus,-a,-um,  [asiffmori- 

(of  morior) +bundus,  prob.  fmo- 
ribon  +  dus,  cf.  rubicundus], 
adj.,  dying.  —  Less  exactly,  doomed 
to  die,  mortal. 

Morini,  -drum,  [a  Celtic  word, 
akin  to  mare],  m.  plur.,  a  people 
of  Gaul,  in  the  extreme  west. 

morior,  mortuus  (moriturus), 
morl  (morlri),  [y'mor,  cf. 
mors],  3.  v.  dep.,  die,  be  slain, 
fall  (in  battle),  perhh.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, wither,  die  (of  plants) .  — 
moriens,  -entis,  p.  as  adj.,  dying, 
failing.  — Masc.  as  subst.,  a  dying 
man,  the  dying. 

moror,  -at us,  -ari,  [fmora-],  I.  v. 
dep.,  delay,  linger,  loiter,  lag,  be 
detained,  be  delayed,  pause,  wait, 
be  hindered,  be  held  back,  stay, 
cling  to,  —  Act.,  stay,  retard,  hold 
back,  delay,  ptit  off.  —  Also,  pro- 
long. —  With  negatives,  care  for, 
prize,  desire,  care. 

mors,  mortis,  [  -y/mor  4-  tis  (re- 
duced), cf.  morior],  f.,  death: 
mortis  honos  (honors  due  to  death, 
burial}.  —  Plur.,  kinds  of  death. 

—  Less      exactly,      annihilation, 
death  (as  destruction  of  matter) . — 
Personified,  Death  (as  an  object  of 
worship). 

morsus,  -us,  [mord-  (reduced  stem 
of  mordeo  as  root)  +  tus],  m., 
a  bite.  —  Often  rendered  in  Eng. 
by  jaws,  teeth,  fangs,  jluke  (of  an 
anchor).  —  Less  exactly,  clasp, 
hold  (of  wood). 

iiiortiilis, -c,  [fmort-  (shorter  stem 
of  mors)+alis],  adj.,  mortal, 
liable  to  death,  human,  of  man,  of 
a  mortal  man,  of  mortals. — Masc., 
a  mortal.  —  Neut.  plur.,  mortal 
affairs,  affairs  of  men. 


i8o 


Vocabulary. 


mortifer,  -era,  -erum,  [fmorti- 
ffer  (Vfer  +  us)],  adj.,  deadly, 
fatal. 

mortuus,  -a,  -um,  [  ^/mor+tuus], 
p.p.  of  morior. 

morns,  -I,  [Gr.  n&pov~\,  f.,  a  mul- 
berry. 

mos,  moris,  [?],  in.,  a  manner,  a 
habit,  a  custom,  a  usage,  a  fashion, 
a  form,  a  rite,  an  institution  : 
caeli  {the  weather) ;  supra  mo- 
rem.  —  Flur.,  character,  habits.  — 
Also,  a  law,  a  precept,  a  rule,  re- 
straint, limit :  sine  more  {without 
restraint,  wildly'). 

moto,  -sivl,  -atum,  -arc,  [fmoto-], 
I.  v.  a.,  agitate,  move,  shake,  wave. 

motus,  p.p.  of  inovco. 

mot  us,  -us,  [fmovi-  (weaker  stem 
of  inovco)  +  tus],  m.,  motion,  a 
movement,  an  impulse,  a  shock, 
commotion:  pedum  (activity). — 
Esp.  (for  motus  terrae),  earth- 
quake. • —  Fig.,  commotion,  disturb- 
ance, tumult.  —  Esp.  (for  motus 
animi),  emotion. 

moveo,  movl,  motum,  movere, 
[?],  2.  v.  a.  and  n.,  set  in  motion, 
move,  agitate,  shake,  stir,  brandish, 
disturb,  break  up,  plough  (of  the 
earth).  —  Esp.:  castra,  break 
camp,  march  ;  signa,  advance  ; 
puhem  portis,  set  in  motion.  — 
With  reflexive  or  in  pass.,  move, 
proceed.  —  Also,  remove,  change-, 
disturb.  —  Fig.,  stir  tip,  agitate, 
excite,  rouse,  disturb,  set  on  foot, 
cause,  revolve  (in  the  miad),  med- 
itate, intend,  begin,  disclose  (dis- 
turb what  is  quietly  concealed)  : 
arma  (prepare  for fighf).  —  Also 
csp. ,  7  njlucnce,  affect,  attract,  move  : 
motus  tumultu  (struck  by) . 

mox  [?],  adv.,  presently,  soon,  here- 
after, later  on. 

inucro,  -onls,  [?],  m.,  the  edge,  the 
point  (of  a  sword,  &c.),  a  sword. 

mugio,  4.  v.  n.,  bellow,  roar. 

mugitus,  -us,  [fmugi-  (of  miigio) 
+  tus],  m.,  a  bellowing,  a  lowing. 

mulcatus,  -a, -um,  p.p.  of  inulro. 

miilocd,  iiiulsi,  niiilsiiiu  (mulc- 


tum),  mulcere,  [akin  to  mill, 
geo],  2.  v.  n.,  stroke,  soften  (by 
stroking),  caress.  —  Fig.,  soothe, 
allay,  mollify,  assuage,  calm.  — 
Poetically :  aethera  cantu,  cheer, 
delight. 

Mulciber,  -brl,  [as  if  fnmlci- 
(weaker  stem  of  mulceo)  +  her 
(perh.  fmulcibo  +  rus)],  m.,  a 
name  of  Vulcan  (the  soften^  r  <•/ 
iron) . 

mulcS,  -avi,  -atiim,  -are,  [?,  perh. 
fr.  same  stem  as  mnlcco],  i.  v.  a., 
beat,  bruise,  mangle. 

mulctra, -ae,  [fmulg-f  tra],  f.,  a 
milk-pail. 

muletralo,  -is,  [fmulctra  +  le  (n. 
of  -lis)],  n.,  a  milk-pail. 

imilctrarhim,  -I  (-H),  [as  if 
fmulctra-  (reduced)  +  arium],  n., 
a  milk-pail. 

mulgeo,  mulsi,  mulsum  (nuilc- 
tum),  mulgerc,  [^mulg,  akin 
to  mulceo  and  Gr.  a./jLf\y<a~},  2.  v.  a., 
milk.  —  Of  the  effect,  milk  (obtain 
by  milking). 

mulicbris,  -e,  [fmulier  +  bris  (cf. 
-ber,  -brum),  cf.  Mulcibcr],  adj., 
womanly,  a  woman's,  of  a  woman. 

imilier,  -eris,  [?],  f.,  «  woman. 

miihiiliis,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  iiuilto. 

multiplex,  -icis,  [fmulto-plex  (cf. 
duplex)],  adj.,  many  fold,  mani- 
fold^ 

multo  (mulcto),  -avi,  -atum, 
-are,  [fmulta-  (fine}~\,  \.  v.  a., 
fine, punish,  visit  (with  a  penalty). 

iti ul tus,  -a,  -um,  [?,  cf.  mille, 
miles],  adj.,  many,  many  a,  much. 
—  Translated  by  numerous  words 
of  quantity,  size,  and  degree,. great, 
full,  numerous,  plentiful,  copious, 
thick,  loud,  a  great  deal  of,  heavy, 
constant.  —  Masc.  plur.,  many, 
many  men.  —  Fern,  plur.,  many, 
many  women.  —  Neut.  sing,  and 
plur.,  much,  many  things  (often 
with  a  defining  word  to  be  sup- 
plied from  the  context)  :  multum 
est  (it  is  a  great  thing)  ;  —  adver- 
bially, much,  greatly,  deeply,  loud- 
ly.—  Abl.  multo,  as  adv.,  much, 


Vocabulary. 


181 


a  great  deal,  far:  multo  ante 
(long  before). — Comparative  plus, 
[tple-  (cf.  pleo)  +  ius],  n., 
(pin  res,  plura,  plur.),  more, 
greater,  more  numerous.  —  Also, 
many,  several,  muck.  —  As  adv., 
more,  much.  — Superlative,  pluri- 
iiius,  -a,  -um,  [fplus  + imus], 
very  much,  very  many,  very  large, 
•very  great,  very  many  a  (cf.  mul- 
tus),  in  large  numbers,  very  deep, 
•very  high,  very  thick,  and  the  like. 

muiidus,  -I,  [translation  of  Gr.  /c<i<r- 
fMos,  lit.  well-ordered,  clean},  m., 
the  universe,  the  world,  the  earth. 

miimmcn,  -Inis,  [fmuni-  (of  mu- 
nio)  +  men],  n.,  a  protection,  a 
defence. 

mtinio,  -IvI  (-11),  -Ituni,  -fro, 
[fmuni-  (cf.  nioenia)],  4.  v.  a., 
fortify,  protect. 

mu  mis  (inoen-),  -eris,  [^/min  (cf. 
nioenia,  coinmunis),  strength- 
ened, +  us],  n.,  (distributive 
share!},  office,  duty,  function. — 
Also,  an  honor,  a  dignify. — a  rite, 
a  religious  service,  a  sacrifice,  an 
offering.  —  Less  exactly,  a  gift,  a 
favor,  a  boon,  a  prize,  a  present,  a 
service :  haec  ipsa  ad  munera 
(for  this  purpose) . 

iniiiiiisciiluin,  -I,  [fmunus  +  cu- 
lum],  n.,  a  little  gift,  a  modest  gift. 

mimilis,  -e,  [fmuro-  (reduced)  + 
alls],  adj.,  of  (/or)  walls:  tor- 
mentum  (battering-engine'} . 

iniirex,  -icis,  [?],  m.,  a  shell-fish 
(used  for  dyeing  purple).  —  Less 
exactly,  a  jagged  rock.  —  Alsu, 
purple  dye,  purple. 

murmur,  -uris,  [unc.  root  redupl.], 
n.,  a  murmur,  a  whisper,  mur- 
muring, a  humming,  a  muttering 
(of  thunder). 

murmuro,  -avl,  -Stum,  -are, 
[fmurmur-],  i.  v.  n.,  murmur. 

raurra  (myrrlia),  -ae,  [Gr./^v^o], 
f.,  myrrh  (a  gum  as  a  perfume). 

Murranus,  -i,  [?],  m.,  a  Latin. 

mums  (moer-),  -I,  [perh.  remotely 
akin  to  mocnia],  in.,  a  ?iW/(less 
general  than  mocnia). 


mus,  miiris,  [akin  to  Gr.  uvs  and 
Sk.  mush,  sfeal~\,  comm.,  a  mouse. 

Miisa,  -ae,  [(Jr.  juoCcra],  f.,  a  muse. 
—  Also  (cf.  Ceres,  grain),  a  song, 
a  lay,  verses. 

Musaeus,  -I,  [Gr.  Moixraioy],  m.,  a 
pre-Homeric  Athenian  bard  and 
musician. 

muscosus,  -a,  -um,  [fmusco-  (re- 
duced) -f  osus],  adj.,  mossy. 

muscus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  moss. 

musso,  -a vi,  -atiim,  -are,  [perh. 
akin  to  iiiutus],  I.  v.  n.,  murmur, 
mutter  (with  compressed  lips), 
hesitate,  hum  (of  bees),  low  with 
fear  (of  cattle). 

iiiustiim,  -i,[  ?],  n.,  new  wine,  must. 

mutabilis,  -e,  [tmuta-  (of  muto) 
+  bills],  adj.,  changeful,  change- 
able, fickle,  inconstant,  changing. 

mutatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  muto. 

muto,  -avi,  alum,  -are,  [perh. 
fmuto-  (for  movito-),  cf.  moveo, 
and  mutuus],  I.  v.  a.,  change, 
alter,  transform,  exchange,  remove 
(change  place):  vellera  luto  (dye, 
change  the  color);  mutata  flu- 
mina  (reversed). —  Esp.  of  traffic. 
exchange,  barter,  sell,  l>nv. 

mu (  us,  -a,  -iim,[  y'mu  (cf.  musso, 
nuittio)+tu8],  adj.,  dumb,  speech- 
less, mute,  silent. 

Mutusca,  -ae,  f.,  a  Sabine  town. 

unit  mis,  -a,  -um,  [akin  to  muto, 
cf.  mortuus],  adj.,  exchanged^ 
reciprocal,  mutual,  on  both  sides 
(reciprocally) . — Phrase  :  per  mu- 
tua,  with  each  other,  mutually. 

Mycenaeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  MUKTJ- 
vaios],  adj.,  of  My<  ene,  Myceiin  tin. 

Mycene,-es  (-ae,  -arum;  -a,  -ae  , 
[Gr.  MvKTJvai,  -TJ],  f.,  the  city  of 
Agamemnon  in  Greece.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, Greece. 

Myron,  see  Micon. 

3Iycoiios  (-us),  -I,  [Gr.  Mi5/covos], 
f.,  one  of  the  Gyclades.  Also  read 
Mycone,  -es. 

Mygdonides,  -ae,[Gr.  patronymic], 
m.,  son  of  Mygdon. 

myrica,  -ae,  [Gr.  /ti/pi'/crj],  f.,  the 
tamarisk  (a  shrub). 


1 82 


Vocabulary. 


Myrmidoiies,  -um,  [Gr.  MupyuiSJ- 
t>fs~],  m.  plur.,  a  tribe  of  Thessaly, 
subjects  of  Achilles. 

myrrha,  see  iiiurra,  the  more  cor- 
rect spelling. 

myrtetum  (mur-),  -I,  [fmyrto- 
( reduced)  +  etum],  n.,  a  myrtle 
grove. 

myrteus,  -a,  -um,  [fmyrto-  (re- 
duced) +  eus],  adj.,  of  myrtle. 

myrtum,  -I,  [Gr.  /xupros],  n.,  a 
myrtle  berry. 


myrtus,  -i  (also,  -us),  [Gr.  /uvproj], 
f.,  a  myrtle  tree,  a  myrtle.  —  Less 
exactly,  myrtle  (leaves),  a  myrtle 
staff.  —  Collectively,  myrtles. 

Mysius,  -a,  -urn,  [Gr.  MiW>s],  adj., 
of  Mysia  (a  district  of  Asia  Mi- 
nor), Mysian.  —  Fern.,  Mysia  (the 
country). 

niyst  icus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr. /tvo-Tuco's], 
adj.,  mystic,  my s deal. 

Mysus,  -a,  -uin,  [Gr.  Mucnfc],  adj., 
Mysian,  of  Mysia. 


N. 


imrtus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  nan- 
ciscor. 

Nals,  -idos,  [Gr.  No/s],  f.,  a  Naiad, 
a  -water-nymph. 

uaiii  [pron.  y/na,  in  ace.  fern.  (?), 
cf.  tain,  quain],  conj.,  (explana- 
tory of  a  preceding  statement), 
for.  —  Also  with  interrogatives 
(usually  appended  as  one  word, 
but  sometimes  preceding  or  sepa- 
rated), making  the  question  em- 
phatic, pray,  now,  why,  tell  me, 
indeed :  quaenam  vos  fortuna 
implicu.it  (pray  what?};  quia 
est  nam  ludus  in  undis  (what 
sport  can  there  be  ?} ;  nam  quis 
te  iussit  (why,  who,  &c.). 

nainque  [nam-que,  cf.  etenim], 
conj.,  (stronger  than  nam),  for 
surely,  for  mind  you,  for  I  say, 
for  no  doubt,  for  in  fact.  —  Also, 
assuredly,  I'm  sure. 

nanciscor,  nactus  (nanctus), 
iiancisci,  [-y/nac],  3.  v.  dep.,  get, 
find,  light  upon,  catch :  ver  (be 
favored  with) . 

napaeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  vairaios~\, 
adj.,  of  the  dell.  —  Plur.  fern.,  the 
wood-nymphs. 

Nar,  -aris,  [?],  m.,  a  tributary  of 
the  Tiber. 

narcissus,  -I,  [Gr.  vapKiffaos],  m., 
the  narcissus. 

iiares,  -him,  [fnasi-,  akin  to 
fnaso-],  f.,  the  nostrils,  the  nose. 

narro,  -avi,  -alum,  -are,  [for 
gnarigo(old),fgnarigo-(tgnar6- 


fagus,  cf.  prodigus)],  i.  v.  a., 

tell,  relate,  recount. 

Narycius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Nopwnoy], 
adj.,  of  Narycium  (a  city  of  the 
Locri  on  the  Euboean  Sea,  the 
birthplace  of  Ajax  Oileus ;  also 
another  city  of  the  same  name  in 
Bruttium),  Narycian. 

nascor,  nat us,  nascl,  [  -v/g11*  + 
sco],  3.  v.  n.,  be  born.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, spring  up,  arise,  grow. — 
Fig.,  begin,  spring  up,  arise,  suc- 
ceed. —  nascens,  -cut is,  p.  as 
adj.,  neiv-born,  at  birth,  grooving, 
early:  ortus  (rising  dawn). — 
Plur.  as  subst.,  the  young  (of  ani- 
mals). —  natus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as 
subst.,  son,  daughter,  offspring,  a 
young  one  (according  to  the  con- 
text). 

iiata  (gna-),  see  nascor. 

iiatalis,  -e,  [fnato-  (reduced)  + 
alis],  adj.,  of  birth. —  Masc.,  (sc. 
dies),  birthday. 

nato,  -avi,  -alum,  -are,  [fnato- 
(p.p.  of  no)],  i.  v.  TA..,  swim,  float. — 
Less  exactly,  be  submerged,  swim, 
be  flooded.  —  iiatans,  -an  t  is,  p.  as 
adj.,  swimming,  floating,  waving 
(of  grain).  —  Neut.  plur.,  fish. — 
So  also  (as  in  English)  :  lumina 
(swimming). 

natu  (only  in  abl.),  [ -y/gna-f  tus], 
m.,  by  birth.  —  Regularly  used  to 
define  maior  and  inaximus, 
older,  eldest. 

nat  ura,    -ae,    [fnatu  +  ra    (f.   of 


Vocabulary. 


183 


-rus),  cf.  ligura],  f.,  birth.  — 
Fig.,  nature,  character  (innate), 
disposition,  quality :  natura  loci 
(position  of  the  ground).  —  Also, 
the  power  of  gro^vth,  nature  (natu- 
ral phenomena). 

iiatus  (gna-),  see  nascor. 

uaufragus,  see  iiavifragus. 

mi  nt  a,  -ae,  [prob.  borrowed  fr.  Gr. 
yawns'],  (also  navita),  [perhaps 
original  fr.  fnavi-,  or  worked  over 
by  popular  etymology],  m.,a  sailor, 
a  seaman,  a  mariner,  a  boatman, 
a  ferry-man. 

Nantes,  -is,  [?],  m.,  a  Trojan,  com- 
panion of  .Eneas. 

na u t  ir us,  -a,  -uin,  [fnauta- (weak- 
ened) +  cus] ,  adj .,  of  sailors  : 
clamor  (of  the  sailors');  pinus 
(manned by  seamen). 

iiavalis,  -e,  [fnav-  (earlier  form?) 
+  alls],  adj.,  of  ships,  naval,  nau- 
tical:  corona  (made  in  form  of 
beaks  of  ships,  the  honor  of  a 
naval  engagement) .  —  Xeut.  plur., 
(sc.  castra),  ship-yards,  docks; 
also?  (as  subst.),  ship  stores,  ma- 
terials, rigging. 

iiuvifragus,  -a,  -um,  [fnavi-fra- 
gus  (-y/frag  +  us,  cf.  frango)], 
adj.,  wrecking  ships,  dangerous.  — 
—  Pass.,  shipwrecked. 

iiavigium,  -I  (-11),  [fnavigo-  (see 
uavigo)  reduced  +  ium],  n.,  a 
boat,  a  -vessel,  a  ship. 

uavigo,  -avi,  -atuni,  -are,  [fna- 
vigo-  (fnavi-agus,  cf.  procli- 
gus)],  I.  v.  n.,  sail,  set  sail,  em- 
bark. —  With  cognate  ace.,  sail 
upon,  navigate,  traverse. 

iiavis,  -is,  [  Y/nu  (strengthened)  as 
stem,  with  added  -i,  cf.  vavs],  f.,  a 
ship,  a  boat,  a  vessel,  a  fleet  (in 
plural). 

iiavita,  see  nauta. 

Xaxus  (-os),  -I,  [Cir.  Nct|os],  f.,  one 
of  the  Cyclades. 

lie  (nl),[unc.  case-form, pron.^/na], 
adv.  (only  in  special  forms  of 
speech),  no,  not.  — With  quideni, 
not  even,  not  cither.  —  With  dum 
and  dummodo  (cf.  uiodo  lie), 


so  long  as  not,  provided  not.  — 
With  other  particles  requiring  the 
subjunctive,  ut,  utinain.  —  In 
composition,  cf.  neque,  iienio,etc. 
— In  hortatory  forms  of  speech : 
ne  crede  colori. —  Conj.,  with  sub- 
junctive (orig.  the  adverb  with  hor- 
tatory forms),  that  not,  that  no, 
&c.,  lest,  not  to.  —  With  verbs  of 
fearing  (perh.  hortatory  in  origin), 
that  lest. 

-lie  (n')  [prob.  same  word  as  lie, 
cf.  -ne  in  sense  of  nonne],  en- 
clitic interrogative,  whether  (but 
usually  omitted  in  Eng.  in  direct 
questions) .  —  Also  in  double  ques- 
tions in  second  place,  or.  —  Also, 
=:  iioiine,  whether  not,  is  not,  do 
not,  £c. 

Neaera,  -ae,  [Gr.  Necupa],  f.,  a 
rustic  maid. 

Nealces,  -ae,  [Gr.],  m.,  a  Trojan. 

nebula,  -ae,  [stem  akin  to  nubes 
-f  la],  f.,  a  mist,  a  fog,  a  cloud. 

nec(iieque),  [ne  (shortened) -que], 
conj.,  and  not,  neither,  nor,  and 
yet  not.  —  With  et,  not.  ..and, 
not  .  .  .  and  yet,  not  .  .  .  but.  — 
nee  non  (et),  and  also,  nor  less, 
so  too,  then  too,  as  well. 

necdum,  see  nee  and  duiii. 

necesse  (-um,  -us,  -is),  [petrified 
case-form  of  unc.  origin],  adj.  and 
adv.,  necessary,  fated,  required.  — 
With  est,  it  is  necessary,  it  must 
be  that,  one  cannot-  but. 

neco,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fnec- 
(of  nex)],  i.  v.  a.,  kill,  put  to 
death. 

nectar,  -arts,  [Gr.  r&rqpl,  n., 
nectar  (the  drink  of  the  gods).  — 
Less  exactly,  of  other  drinks. 

necto,  nexui,  nexum,  nectere, 
[  ^/nec,  cf.  plecto],  3.  v.  a.,  bind, 
tie,  twine.  —  Of  the  effect,  tie 
(make  by  tying),  twine. —  Fig., 
spin  out,  frame,  weave.  —  With 
change  of  point  of  view  (cf.  cir- 
cumdo),  encircle,  twine  with.  — 
iK'xus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
close-tunned,  clinging. 

uefaudus,    -a,    -um,    [ne    (short- 


1 84 


Vocabulary. 


ened)  -fandus  (see  for)],  adj., 
unspeakable  (cf.  infandus),  hor- 
rible, accursed,  impious,  criminal 
(cf.  nefas),^t//«j  .•  gens  ;  enses ; 
odia  (unutterable}.  —  Neut.  as 
subst.,  crime,  wrong. 

nefas  [ne  (shortened)  -fas],  n.  in- 
decl.,  impiety,  wrong,  crime,  sacri- 
lege, an  impious  deed :  nefas  dic- 
tu  (Jiorrible  to  tell}.  —  With  est 
(often  omitted),  it  is  impious  (a 
crime,  wrong,  &c.}. —  Concretely, 
an  impious  creature,  a  curse,  a 
talc  of  crime.  —  In  a  kind  of  appo- 
sition as  an  exclamation,  ok  hor- 
ror !  (cf.  infandum) . 

nego,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [?,  perh. 
ne-aio,  in  its  earlier  form,  through 
noun-stem],  I.  v.  n.  and  a.,  (say 
no},  say  .  .  .  not,  deny,  say  that 
no,  &c.  —  Also,  refuse,  deny  (one 
anything),  decline. 

Nemea,  -ae,  [Gr.  Neytterj],  f.,  a  city 
of  Argolis,  near  which  Hercules 
killed  the  Nemean  lion. 

nemo,  -inis,  [ne-homo  (hemo)], 
m.,  no  man,  no  one,  nobody.  Al- 
most degenerated  into  a  pronoun. 

uemorosus,  -a,  -urn,  [fnemor  -f 
osus],  adj.,  woody,  well-wooded. 

iicmpc  [nam-pe,  of  unc.  orig.,  perh. 
dialectic  form  of  que,  cf.  quippc], 
conj.,  no  doubt,  surely,  certainly. 
—  Also  in  answer  to  a  question  or 
statement,  that  is  to  say,  why  !  in 
sooth. 

item  us,  -oris,  [-y/nem  (cf.  nume- 
rus,  Cr.  v6/j.os,  j/e'juco)],  n.,  (as- 
si^iu'd  grazing-ground},  a  wooded 
pasture.  —  Less  exactly,  a  grove,  a 
forest,  a  vineyard(ct.  arbustum). 

neo,  iievi,  nr tn in,  iiere,  [Vne> 
cf.  Gr.  VT\QU>\,  2.  v.  a.,  spin.  — Less 
exactly,  weave,  interweave. 

Neoptolemus,  -I,  [Gr.  NeoirT^Ae- 
/tos],  m.,  a  name  of  Pyrrhus,  the 
son  of  Achilles. 

nepos,  -oils,  [?],  m.,  a  grandson,  a 
nephew.  —  Less  exactly  (in  plur.), 
descendants,  progeny,  offspring, 
posterity. 

Neptunius,  -a,  -um,  [fNeptuno- 


(reduced)  +  ius],  adj.,  of  Nep- 
tune :  Troia  (built  by  Neptune} . 

Neptunus,  -I,  [fneptu-,  akin  to 
Eng.  naphtha  (a  Persian  word)  -f 
nus,  cf.  Fortuna,  Portunus], 
m.,  the  god  of  the  sea,  brother  of 
Jove  and  Pluto.  — Also  (cf.  Ceres, 
grain),  the  sea. 

neque,  see  nee. 

nequeo,  -quivi  ^(-11),  -quitum, 
-quire,  [ne-queo],  4.  v.  irr.,  can- 
not, not  be  able,  be  unable. 

nequicquam  (-quidquam),  see 
nequiquam,  the  spelling  now  in 
vogue. 

nequiquam  (nequlc-,  nequid-, 
prob.  both  forms  of  diff.  orig.  were 
once  in  use),  [ne-quiquam  (quid 
quam,  cf.  quisquam)],  adv., 
(not  in  any  manner),  in  vain, 
uselessly,  to  no  purpose,  without 
effect,  without  reason. 

ne  qjiis,  etc.;   see  ne  and  quis,  etc. 

Nereis,  -idis,  [Gr.  NTjpefs,  f.  patro- 
nymic of  Nereus],  f.,  a  daughter  of 
Nereus,  a  Nereid,  a  sea-nymph. 

Nereius,  -a,  -um,  [fNereu-  (re- 
duced) +  ius],  adj.,  of  Kerens, 
child  of  Nereus. 

Nereus,  -el,  [Gr.  N7jpevs],m.,  a  sea- 
god,  father  of  the  Nereids.  —  Less 
exactly,  the  sea,  the  water. 

Nerine,  -es,  [Gr.  NT^/VIJ],  f.,  daugh- 
ter of  Nereus,  a  Nereid. 

Neritos,  -I,  [Gr.  NrjpiToy],  f.,  a 
mountain  of  the  island  of  Ithaca. 

Nersae,  -arum,  [?],  f.  plur.,  a  city 
of  the  yEqui  (sometimes  read  Nur- 
sae,  which  see). 

nervus,  -I,  [-y/SNAR-fvus,  cf.  Gr. 
vtvpov,  Eng.  snare~\,  m.,  a  silicic, 
a  tendon.  —  From  the  original  ma- 
terial, a  bowstring,  a  siring. 

Nesaee,  -es,  [Gr.  NTjcrafr;],  f.,  a  sea- 
nymph. 

nescio,  -Ivi  (-li),  -Itum,  -Ire,  [ne- 
scio],  4.  v.  a.,  not  know,  know  not, 
be  ignorant,  l>e  unaware,  be  unac- 
quainted with  :  nescit  quis  aras 
{has  not  heard  of}  ;  puellae  hie- 
mem  (learn  to  know} .  —  Also, 
not  know  how  to,  be  unable  to.  — 


Vocabulary. 


185 


nesclo  quis,  some  one  or  other, 
some  one  I  know  not  ^vho,  some  one, 
some. 

nescius,  -a,  -um,  [ne-scius,  cf. 
conscius,  inscius],  adj.,  not 
knowing,  ignorant,  unaware,  in 
ignorance,  untaught  (cf.  nesclo), 
unable  to.  —  With  negative,  well 
aware,  -well  taught,  not  without 
knowledge,  not  in  ignorance. 

neu,  see  neve. 

neve  (neu),  [ne-ve],  conj.,  or  not, 
and  not.  —  The  regular  connective 
with  ne,  and  so  equivalent  to  ne- 
que  in  clauses  which  require  ne. 

nex,  necis,  [-^nec  as  stem  (cf. 
pernicies,  noceo)],  f.,  death, 
slaughter. 

nexo,  nexui,  no  sup.,  nexare, 
[fnexo-],  i.  v.  a.,  tiuine,  bind. 

nexus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  necto. 

nl,  see  ne. 

ni  [prob.  same  word  as  ne,  used  in 
concessive  clauses],  conj.,  (equal 
to  nisi),  if  not,  itnless. 

nidor,  -oris,  [unc.  root  +  or,  cf. 
Gr.  Kviffa],  m.,  odor  (of  burnt  flesh 
in  sacrifice). — Less  exactly,  odor 
(of  any  kind). 

nidus,  -i,  [  ?],  m.,  a  nest.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, young  (of  birds  in  a  nest), 
cells  (of  bees) . 

niger,  -gra,  -grum,  [?],  adj.,  black 
(opp.  to  candidus,  cf.  ater,  opp. 
to  albus),  dark,  dusky,  swarthv, 
gloomy,  blackened. 

nigresco,  nigrui,  no  sup.,  nigres- 
cere,  [tnigre-(of  nigreo)+  sco], 
3.  v.  incept.,  blacken,  grow  black, 
turn  black. 

nigro,  -ilvi,  -atum,  -are,  [fnigro-] , 
i.  v.n.,  be  black. — nigrans,-antis, 
p.  as  adj.,  black,  dark. 

nihil  (nihilum,  nil),  [ne-hilum 
(a  spot?,  a  trifle},  cf.  not,  ne  pas'], 
n.  indecl.,  nothing.  —  As  adv.,  not 
at  all,  not  in  the  least,  not  a  ruhit, 
not.  —  With  partitives,  no,  none. 

nil,  see  nihil. 

Nilus,  -I,  [Gr.  Ne?A.os],  m.,  the  Nile, 
the  famous  river  of  Egypt. 

uimbosus,  -a,  -um,  [fnimbo-  (re- 


duced) -t-osus],  adj.,  cloudy,  cloud- 
capped,  stormy  (bringing  storms). 

nimbus,  -i,  [perh.  ak'in  to  nubcs], 
m.,  a  storm-cloud,  a  cloud,  a  dark 
cloud,  a  storm,  a  tcjnpest,  rain.  — 
Also,  a  bright  cloud  (enclosing  the 
gods).  —  Fig.,  a  cloud,  a  great 
number,  a  swarm. 

nimirum  [ne-mirum,  no  wonder'], 
adv.,  doubtless,  no  doubt,  surely. 

nimis  [?],  adv.,  too  much,  too,  over 
much:  nota  (too  well  known). 

nimius,  -a,  -um,  [akin  to  nimis], 
adj.,  too  much,  excessive,  too  great, 
immoderate.  —  Without  idea  of 
excess,  very,  exceedingly.  —  Neut. 
as  subst.,  too  much.  —  Neut.  as  adv., 
too,  too  much,  all  too;  —  also,  very, 
most  indeed. 

ningo,  ninxi,  no  sup.,  ningere, 
[  -v/nig,  cf.  nix],  3.  v.  n.,  snow.  — 
Usually  impersonal,  it  snows. 

Niphates,  -ae,  [Gr.  NJ^OTT/S],  m., 
a  high  snowy  mountain  in  Arme- 
nia. —  Less  exactly,  for  the  people 
near  it. 

Niphaeus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 

Nisa,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  rustic  maiden. 

Nisaee,-es,  [?],  f.,  a  sea-nymph  (see 
also  Nesaee) . 

nisi  [ne-si],  conj.,  unless,  if  not,  ex- 
cept :  nisi  fata  locum  dedissent 
(had  not,  &c.). 

Nisus,  -i,  [Gr.  N«<roj],  m. :  i.  A 
king  of  Megaris,  betrayed  by  his 
daughter  Scylla,  and  robbed  of  a 
fatal  hair  upon  which  his  life  de- 
pended. He  was  changed  into  a 
hawk ;  2.  A  Trojan  who,  with  his 
companion  Euryalus,  was  slain  in 
attempting  to  pass  the  enemy's 
lines. 

nisus,  -iis,  [-y/nit-f  tus],  m.,  an 
effort:  rapidus  (flight,  plunge}; 
idem  (position,  poise). 

niteo,  (nitui,  referred  to  nitesco), 
no  sup.,  nite're,  [?],  2.  v.  n.,shine, 
glisten,  sparkle.  —  nitens,  -entis, 
p.as  adj., shining,  bright, sparkling, 
sleek  (in  good  condition),  well- 
tilled  (cf.  Eng.  foul},  bright,  flour- 
ishing. 


i86 


Vocabulary. 


nitesco,  nitui,  no  sup.,  nitescerc, 
[fnite-  (of.  niteo)  +  sco],  3.  v.  n., 
shine. 

iiitidus,  -a,  -um,  [adj.  stem  fr.  wh. 
nitco  +  dus],  adj.,  bright,  shin- 
ing, blooming,  sleek. 

nitor,  iiisus  (nixus),  niti,  [poss. 
for  gnitor,  from  tgenu  or  some 
stem  akin],  3.  v.  dep.,  lean  against, 
brace  against,  struggle,  strive,  rest 
on,  lean  on,  climb,  climb  up  :  pa- 
ribus  alls  (be poised  on). 

uitruin,  -i,  [Gr.  virpov],  n.,  soda  (a 
mineral  alkali,  properly  carbonate 
of  soda,  used  for  potash  by  the  an- 
cients) . 

nivalis,  -e,  [fniv-  (nix) -falls], 
adj.,  snowy,  snow-clad.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, snowy-white,  snowy. 

niveus,  -a,  -um,  [fniv  +  eus],  adj., 
of  snow,  snowy;  —  snowy-white, 
pure  white. 

nix,  nivis,  [\/nig-  (as  stem),  cf. 
ningo],  f.,  snow. 

nix  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  nitor. 

uixus,  -us,  [some  form  of  -v/nit  + 
tus],  m.,  an  effort,labor  (of  travail). 

no,  navi,  no  sup.,  nare,  [cf.  Gr. 
vt<a~],  I.  v.  n.,  swim.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, float,  sail,  fly. 

nobilis,  -e,  [VSno  (cf-  nosco)  + 
bills],  f.,  well-known,  famous. 

uobilitas,  -tatis,  [fnobili-f- tas], 
f.,  high  birth,  illustrious  origin. 

noceo,  uocui,  nocitum,  nocere, 
[adj.stemin-6,  cf.  nocuus  (-y/nec, 
cf.  pernicies)],  2.  v.  n.,  do  mis- 
chief, be  hurtful,  be  injurious,  in- 
jure, harm,  do  harm  :  haucl  ig- 
nara  nocendi  (of  mischief). — 
iiocens,  -entis,  p.  as  adj.,  farm- 
fill,  pernicious. 

iioctivagus,  -a,  -um,  [fnocti-  (un- 
reduced stem  of  nox)  +  vagus], 
adj.,  night-roving. 

noctua,  -ae,  [fnoctu  +  a  (f.  of 
us),  bird  of  night],  f.,  an  owl. 

nocturnus,  -a,  -um,  [tnoctu-  (as 
if  noctus,  cf.  diurnus)  +  nus], 
adj.,  of  the  night,  nocturnal,  niglit- 
ly.  —  Often  rendered  as  if  an  ad- 
verb, by  night,  in  the  night. 


iiodo,  -avi,  -atum,  -arc,  [fnodo-], 
I .  v.  a.,  knot,  tie  up,  bind  in  a  knot. 

nodus,  -i,  [?],  m.,  a  knot  (of  a 
cord,  &c.,  or  of  a  branch),  an  eye 
(of  a  plant),  a  fold  (of  a  serpent), 
a  clasp  (of  the  arms)  :  pugnae 
nodum  moramque  (the  centre  and 
bulwark). 

Noemon,  -onis,  [?],m.,  a  Trojan. 

Nomas,  -adis,  [Gr.  Nojuas],  m.,  a 
Nomad  (one  of  a  wandering,  pas- 
toral people).  —  Plur.,  the  Numid- 
ians. 

nomen,  -inis,  [v/gno  (cf-  noseo) 
+  men],  n.,  a  name,  a  word. — 
As  in  Eng.,  a  hero  (cf.  "great 
names"),  a  family,  a  race.  —  Fig., 
renown,  name,  glory,  distinction, 
refutation. 

Nomentum,  -I,  [?],  n.,  a  Sabine 
city. 

non  (old  noenum),  [ne-unum,  cf. 
"nought,"  "not"],  adv.,  no,  not. 

IK  UK!  ii  MI,  see  <l  n  m . 

nonne,  see  non  and  ne. 

m >n M nl  1  us,  -a,  -um,  [non-nullus], 
adj.  (as  pron.),  some,  some  or  other. 

nonus,  -a,  -um,  [unc.  stem  (of 
novem)  +  nus],  adj.,  the  ninth. 

Noricus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  of 
Noricum  (a  mountainous  country 
north  of  the  Alps,  west  of  Panno- 
nia,  and  south  of  the  Danube), 
Norican. 

nos,  plur.  of  ego,  which  see. 

nosco,  novi,  notum,  noscere, 
[ -y/gno  (cf.  know)  +  sco],  3.  v.  a., 
learn,  recognize, —  (in  perf.,  &c.), 
know  (a  thing,  cf.  scio,  know  a 
fact),  be  acquainted  with,  be  sensi- 
ble of,  experience.  —  Less  exactly, 
kno'M  (a  fact,  like  scio) .  —  notus, 
-a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  well  / 
familiar,  wonted,  usual,  custom- 
ary,habitual; — -fantoit$,reno-i<ned, 
famed :  notum  quid  femina  pos- 
sit  (the  knowledge,  &c.). 

noster,  -tra,  -truni,  [nos  (as  stem) 
+  terus  (reduced),  cf.  utcr],  adj. 
pron.,  our,  my,  of  us,  of  me,  in  my 
power.  —  Also,  favorable  (to  tts), 
prosperous. — As  subst.  (in  plur.), 


Vocabulary. 


187 


our    (my)   friends    (countrymen, 
&c.)- 

nota,  -ae,  [  y'gno-f  ta],  f.,  a  mar k, 
a  sign.  —  Less  exactly,  a  spot,  a 
scar,  a  mark  (of  wounds). 

iiutlius,  -I,  [Gr.  vo6os~\,  m.,  an  ille- 
gitimate son,  a  bastard.  —  Of  ani- 
mals, a  mongrel,  a  cross-breed. 

iioto,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fnota-], 
I.  v.  a.,  mark.  —  Of  the  effect, 
mark  down,  inscribe.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, mark,  observe,  notice. 

Notus,  -I,  [Gr.  NO'TOS],  \\\.,the  South 
I  I'ind. —  Less  exactly,  the  'wind. 

not  us,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  nosco. 

novalis,  -e,  [fnovo-  (reduced)  + 
alls],  adj.,  (new). —  Fein.,  (sc. 
terra),  fallcnu  £aruf(\eft  to  be  re- 
newed by  lying).  —  Xeut.,  fallow 
land,  (less  exactly)  fields  (culti- 
vated) . 

novellus,  -a,  -um,  [fnovo-  (re- 
duced) +  ellus,  as  if  fnovulo  + 
lus],  adj.,  young,  tender,  new. 

novem  [unc.  case-form  petrified,  cf. 
Gr.  fvvta,  Eng.  nine'],  indecl.  adj., 
nine. 

no  vert*  a,  -ae,  [?,  akin  to  novas], 
f.,  a  stepmother. 

noviens  (-ies),  [stem  of  novem, 
\vilh  unc.  term.],  num.  adv.,  nine 
times. 

novitas,  -tatis,  [fnovo-  (weak- 
ened) +  tas],  f.,  newness:  regni 
(infancy}. 

novo,  -avi,  -atuni,  -are,  [fnovo-], 
i.  v.  a.,  rene~M,  make  neit.',  repair, 
refit,  repeat. — Fig.,  change  :  fidem 
(break). 

uovus,  -a,  -uin,  [akin  to  Gr.  yeas'], 
adj.,  new,  fresh,  strange,  young: 
ver  (new, early)  ;  sol  (ne-s  risen); 
soles  (of  early  spring).  —  iiovis- 
siuius,  -a,  -uni,  superl., 
latest,  last,  rear. 

nox,  noctis,  [perh.  y'noc  (cf.  no- 
ceo)  +  tis  (reduced),  cf.  Gr.  j/u|, 
Eng.  night'],  f.,  night,  darkness, 
the  influence  of,  night.  —  Personi- 
fied, Night. 

iioxa,  -ae,  [^/noc  +  ta  (?)],  f., 
(harm),  a  fault,  guilt. 


iioxhis,  -a,  -uin,  [fnoxa- (reduced) 

-f  ius],  adj.,  harmful,  guilty. 

nubes,  -is,  [  -^nub-  (cf.  nubo)  -f 
es  (and -is)],  f.,  a  cloud. —  Fig., 
a  cloud,  a  swarm  :  facta  nube 
(gathering  like  a  cloud,  of  birds)  ; 
belli  (storm-cloud).  — Also,  the 
region  of  clouds,  the  clouds,  the 
heavens. 

nubigeiia,  -ae,[fnubi-(see  nubes) 
-gena  (y'gen+a,  cf.  Graiu<;(>- 
na)],  in.,  cloud-born,  a  centaur,  a 
cloud-born  monster. 

uubila,  -uruin,  [fnubi-  (see  nu- 
bes) +  la  (h.  plur.  of  lus)],  n., 
prop,  adj.,  the  clouds,  the  region  of 
clouds. 

nubilis,  -e,  [fnubo-  (cf.  pronuba, 
conubium)  +  lis],  adj.,  mar- 
riageable. 

nudatus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  undo. 

iiudo,  -avi,  -at um,  -are,  [fnudo-], 
I.  v.  a.,  strip,  make  bare,  lay  bare, 
bare,  uncover.  —  nudatus,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  bared,  stripped, 
naked,  uncovered. 

iiudus,  -a,  -um,  [prob.  for  fnug- 
dus,  cf.  Eng.  naked'],  adj.,  nuked, 
bare,  uncovered,  stripped,  exposed, 
defenceless :  aetheris  axis  (open); 
ensis  (alone).  —  Less  exactly,  in 
a  single  garment  (without  an  outer 
garment),  uncloaked. 

n nl  I  us,  -a,  -uin,  [ne-ullus],  adj., 
no,  none :  non  nullis  oculis  (with- 
out regard).  —  Masc.  and  fern., 
none,  no  one,  nobody.  —  iioiiiuil- 
lus,  -a,  -um,  some,  some  one. 

num.  [pron.  -N/na»  acc-»  c^-  tum, 
cum,  dum],  cunj.,  interrog., 
whether  (often  not  expressed  in 
Eng.,  but  indicated  by  the  order, 
is  any,  does  any,  &c.).  —  Regu- 
larly expecting  the  answer  "  no." 

Nu ma,  -ae,  [?],  m.,  a  Roman  name. 
—  Esp.,  Numa  Pompilius,  the  sec- 
ond king  of  Rome,  to  whom  were 
attributed  the  religious  institutions 
of  the  Romans;  2. Two  Rululians. 

Numanus,  -i,  [tNuma+  nus],rn., 
a  Rutulian,  with  the  surname 
Remulus. 


i88 


Vocabulary. 


numen,  -inis,  [  y/nu  (lengthened, 
cf.  nuo)  +  men],  n.,  (a  nod}. — 
Esp.,  the  divine  will,  power  (of 
the  gods),  authority,  permission, 
purpose,  consent,  approval,  decree, 
inspiration,  presence  (of  a  god), 
divine  nature,  divine  interposi- 
tion, oracle  (declared  purpose) .  — 
Also,  divinity,  divine  essence,  deity 
(with  genitive  of  the  god  used  con- 
cretely) :  lunonis ;  Fauni ;  ves- 
tra  (of  the  stars).  —  Also  con- 
cretely, a  divinity,  a  divine  being  : 
numina  magna  Deum.  (forms) ; 
media  inter  numina  (images'). 

nuinero,  -avi,  -atuiii,  -are,  [fnu- 
mero-],  i.  v.  a.,  count,  reckon  up, 
recount. 

numerus,  -I,  [stem  akin  to  v6/nos 
(cf.  numus)  +  rus],  m.,  number, 
a  number.  —  Esp.,  a  large  num- 
ber, a  number.  —  Also,  order,  pro- 
portion :  pares  numeri  (equal 
dimensions) ;  compositi  numero 
in  turmas  (in  equal  numbers} ; 
stellis  numeros  fecit  (places,  by 
calculation) ;  nee  numero  nee 
honore  cremant  (without  distinc- 
tion).—  Also,  musical  measure, 
time, tttne, the  notesof  the  scale  (pi.) . 

—  Phrases :  in  numerum,  in  time, 
in    order,  in   turn,   in   measure  : 
sideris  in  numerum,  to  the  place 
of  a  star ;   neque  est  numerus, 
it  is  impossible  to  count,  there  is 
no  numbering. 

Numicus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  river  of  La- 
tium,  where  ^Eneas  was  said  to 
have  disappeared. 

Nuinidae,  -arum,  [Gr.  voids'],  m. 
plur.,  the  Numidians  (a  people  of 
Northern  Africa). 

Numitor,  -oris,  [?],  m. :  I.  The 
grandfather  of  Romulus  and  Re- 
mus ;  2.  A  Rutulian. 

nunc[num-ce  (cf.  hie)],  adv.,  now. 

—  Repeated,  now  .  .  .  now,  some- 
times .  .  .  again. 

nuucius,  etc.;  see  nuntius. 

nunquam  [ne-unquam],  adv., 
never.  —  Less  exactly,  not  at  all, 
by  no  means  (see  hodle). 


nuntia,  -ae,  [f.  of  nuntius],  f.,  a 

messenger  (female). 

nuntio,  -avi,  -Stum,  -are,  [fnun- 
tio-],  i.  v.  a.,  report,  announce, 
bring  tidings. 

nuntius,  -i  (-ii),  [prob.  tnovo- 
fventius  (fvento  +  ius)],  m.,  a 
messenger,  a  reporter.  —  In  appos., 
as  adj.,  bringing  tidings,  reporting. 
—  Also,  news,  message,  tidings,  re- 
port. 

nuper  [prob.  novum-per,  cf.  pa- 
rumper],  adv.,  lately,  just  now, 
not  long  ago. 

Nursae,  -arum,  [  ?]  ;  see  Nersae, 
the  approved  spelling. 

Nursia  (Nurt-),  -ac,  [?],f.,  atown 
of  the  Sabines  (now  Norcia). 

nurus,  -us,  [akin  to  Gr.  w6s  (for 
SNUSUs)],  f.,  a  daughter-in-law. 

u n squaii i  [ne-usquam],  adv.,  no- 
where. —  Also  equal  Eng.  never 
(with  a  different  conception). 

nuto,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fnuto- 
(cf.  abnuo)],  I.  v.  n.,  nod,  totter, 
swing,  wave. 

mil  rimriitiini,  -i,  [fnutri-  (of 
nutrio)  +  mentum],  n.,  food, 
nourishment.  —  Less  exactly,  fuel. 

nutrio,  -ivi  (-ii),  -itum,  -ire, 
[?,  cf.  nutrix],  4.  v.  a.,  nurse, 
nourish,  suckle.  —  Less  exactly, 
bring  up,  rear.  —  Pass,  as  dep., 
cultivate,  raise. 

uutrior,  see  nutrio. 

nutrix,  -icis,  [unknown  root  (cf. 
nutrio)  +  trix],  f.,  a  tturse. 

nut  us,  -us,  [tnu-  (as  root)  -f  tus, 
cf.  abnuo,  million],  m.,  a  nod.  — 
Fig.,  will,  an  order,  a  command. 

mix,  nucis,  [?],  f.,  a  nut  (of  vari- 
ous kinds).  —  Also,  an  almond- 
tree. 

nympha,  -ac,  [Gr.  vvfj.<}>rj],  f.,  a 
uvmph  (a  goddess  of  the  sea  or- 
woods,  more  or  less  allied  to  the 
human  race).  —  Less  exactly,  a 
muse  (as  the  muses  proper  were 
of  this  general  class). 

Nysa,  -ae,  [Gr.  NOtra],  f.,  a  city  of 
India,  said  to  have  been  built  by 
Bacchus  in  his  expedition  to  India. 


Vocabulary, 


189 


o. 


O,  interj.  (of  all  emotions),  oh  !  O  ! 
—  With  ace.,  nom.,  or  voc. 

Oaxes,  -is,  [Gr.  *Oa|<s],  m.,  a  river 
in  Crete. 

ob  (obs),  [akin  to  Gr.  firl~\,  prep., 
towards  (archaic) . — near,  around. 
— Fig.  (cf.  the  provincial "  all  along 
of"),  on  account  of,  for,  for  the 
sake  of,  through.  —  In  comp.,  to, 
towards,  against,  before,  over,  &c. 

obambulo,  -avi,  -Stum,  -are, 
[ob-ambulo],  i.  v.  n.,  walk  about, 
roam  about. 

obduco,  -duxi,  -diictum,  -dace- 
re,  [ob-duco],  3.  v.  a.,  draw  over, 
spread  over.  —  With  change  of 
point  of  view,  overspread,  cover, 
overgrow,  choke.  —  obductus,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.,  overspread,  surround- 
ing ;  —  hidden,  covered. 

obductus, -a,  -um,p.p.  of  obduco. 

obeo,  -I vl  (-11),  -itmn,  -Ire,  [ob- 
eo],  irr.  v.  a.,  go  to,  go  over,  go 
around,  visit:  pugnas  (engage 
in)  •  terras  maria  (wash,  encom- 
pass} ;  omniavisu  (view,  survey}  ; 
mortem  (suffer,  meet).  —  Also, 
surround,  encircle,  cover. 

obesus,  -a,  -um,  [ob-esus],  adj., 
fat,  swollen. 

obex,  -icis,  [ob-ydac  (as  stem)], 
m.  or  f.,  a  bar,  an  obstacle,  a  bar- 
rier. 

obfero  and  compounds  of  ob  with 
f,  see  offero. 

obicio  (obil-),  -ieci,  -iectum, 
-icere,  [ob-iacio],  3.  v.  a.,  throw 
against,  thr(nv  to,  expose,  throw  in 
the  way  of,  offer :  clipeos  ad  tela 
(oppose,  present) ;  equites  sese 
(array  themselves  in  opposition)  ; 
portas  (shut  against  one) .  —  Fig., 
e.  \-pose,  offer  to  the  sight,  throw  out 
against,  throw  at  (of  taunts,  &c.)  : 
rabiem  canibus  (inspire).  —  ob- 
iectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
thrown  in  the  way,  lying  in  the  way, 
opposing. 

obiecto,  -avi,  -at  11111,  -are,  [ob- 
iacto,  cf.  obicio],  i.  v.  a.,  throw 


against. — Fig.,  expose,  risk,  sac- 
rifice (in  war). 

obiectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  obicio. 

obiectus,  -us,  [ob-iactus,  cf.  obi- 
cio], m.,  a  throwing  in  the  way  : 
laterum  (opposition,  obstacle,  of 
an  island). 

obitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  obeo. 

obitus,  -us,  [ob-itus  (cf.  obeo)], 
m.,  a  going  down,  setting,  death 
(cf.  obire  mortem),  dissolution. 

oblatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  offero. 

oblimo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ob- 
limo],  i.  v.  a.,  clog  (orig.  with 
mud),  stop. 

obliquo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ob- 
liquo-], I.  v.  a.,  turn  obliquely  ; 
sinus  in  ventum  (brace,  swing) . 

obliquus  (-cus),  -a,  -um,  [ob- 
fliquus  (cf.  limns  and  Gr.  Ae'x- 
pjos)],  adj.,  sidewise,  slantwise, 
slanting,  sidelong,  oblique :  in 
obliquum  (across,  transversely} ; 
obliqua  invidia  (with  eyes  as- 
kance). 

oblltus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  oblivis- 
cor. 

obliviscor,  oblitus,  obllvisci, 
[foblivi-  (of  verb  akin  to  livldus 
compounded  with  ob)  -f  SCO,  be- 
come dark  to (?)],  3.  v.  dep.,  for- 
get, think  no  more  of.  —  oblltus, 
-a,  -um,  p.p.,  forgetting,  forgetful, 
careless  of,  heedless  of:  sucos  po- 
ma  (losing}.  —  Also,  forgotten. 

oblivium,  -I  (-II),  [foblivo-  (cf. 
obliviscor  and  liveo)],  n.,  for- 
ge/fulness. 

obloquor,  -locutus,  -loqui,  [ob- 
loquor],  3.  v.  dep.,  speak  aganist. 
—  Also,  sing  to  (with  accompani- 
ment of). 

obluctor,  -atus,  -arl,  [ob-luctor], 
I.  v.  dep.,  struggle  against. 

obmiitesco,  -inutul,  no  sup.,  -mu- 
tescere,  [ob-mutesco],  3.  v.  n. 
incept.,  hush,  become  speechless,  be 
silent. 

obiiitor,  -nisiis  (-nixus),  -nltl, 
[ob-nitor],  3.  v.  dep.,  struggle 


190 


Vocabulary. 


against,  lean  against,  lean  on, 
struggle,  strive. 

obnixus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  obnitor. 

obnoxius,  -a,  -um,  [ob-noxius, 
guilty  towards'},  adj.,  guilty.  — 
From  ancient  mode  of  administer- 
ing justice,  bound  to,  subject  to,  ex- 
posed to. 

obniibt),  -nupsi,  -nuptum,  -iiu- 
bere,  [ob-nubo,  in  its  orig.  sense, 
veil],  3.  v.  a.,  veil,  cover. 

oborior,  -ortus,  -orlri,  [ob-orior], 
4.  v.  dep.,  rise  against,  rise  over. 
—  obortus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
rising,  flowing  (of  tears),  blind- 

1110" 
"*&• 

oborttis,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  oborior. 

obruo,  -nil,  -rutiim,  -mere,  [ob- 
ruo],  3.  v.  a.,  overwhelm,  bury. 

obmtus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  obruo. 

obseenus,  -a,  -um,  [prob.  obs-  (see 
ob)  fcaeno-  (decl.  as  adj.)],  adj., 
filthy,  foul.  —  Less  exactly,  un- 
sightly, ugly,  hideous,  horrible. — 
Esp.,  ill-omened,  ill-boding. 

obscuro,  -avi,  -Stum,  -are,  [fob- 
scuro-],  l.v.  a.,  darken,  obscure. 

obscnrus,  -a,  -um,  [ob-fscurus 
(cf.  scutum),  covered  over,  shut 
in~\,  adj.,  dark,  dim, gloomy,  dusky. 
— Transferred,  obscured,  unk  nown, 
little  known,  in  the  dark,  unseen  : 
fama  {doubtful,  dimmed} ;  baud 
obscura  signa  (no  uncertain 
signs} ;  obscuris  vera  involvens 
{dark  hints)  ;  sub  obscurum  noc- 
tis  {under  the  darkness  of  night). 

obsero,  -sevi,  -situm,  -serere, 
[ob-sero],  3.  v.  a.,  plant  over.  — 
obsitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.,  covered, 
beset,  overgrown  :  aevo  {heavy 
with,  full  of  years). 

obscrvStus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ob- 
serve^. 

obsorvo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ob- 
servo],  I.  v.  a.,  watch,  mark,  ob- 
serve, notice,  trace.  —  Esp.,  honor  : 
regem. 

obsessus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  obsidco 

obsideo,  -sedl,  -sessum,  -sidere, 
[ob-sedeo],  2.  v.  a.,  blockade,  be- 
set, guard,  besiege,  occupy.  —  ob- 


sessus,    -a,   -um,  p.p.   as    adj., 
blocked  up,  beset,  choked. 

obsidio,  -onis,  [fobsidio-  (re- 
duced) +  o],  f.,  a  blockade,  a  siege. 

obsldo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -sidere, 
[ob-sido],  3.  v.  a.,  beset,  occupy. 

obsitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  obsero. 

obstipesco  (-stupesco),  -stipui, 
no  sup.,  -stipescere,[ob-sti(atu)- 
pesco],3.v.  n.,  be  amazed,  be  struck 
with  astonishment,  be  stunned,  be 
dazed,  be  struck  dumb,  stand 
amazed,  be  tJiundcrstrzuk,  be  para- 
lyzed. 

obsto,  -stiti,  -statum,  -stare, 
[ob-sto],  I.  v.  n.,  stand  in  the 
way  of,  hinder,  withstand,  stay, 
retard:  obstitit  quibus  Ilium 
{be  obnoxious}.  —  Also,  congeal 
(of  blood). 

obstruo,  -struxi,  -struct  11111, 
-struere,  [ob-struo],  3.  v.  a., 
block  up,  choke,  obstruct,  seal  (of 
the  ears). 

obstopesco,  see  obstipesco. 

obsum,  -fui,  -esse,  [ob-sum],  irr. 
v.  n.,  be  opposed  (cf.  prosum), 
injure,  harm. 

obtectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  obtego. 

obtego,  -texl,  -tectum,  -tegere, 
[ob-tego],  3.  v.  a.,  cover  over, 
cover,  j)bsctire. 

obtendo,  -tendi,  -tentum,  -ten- 
dere,  [ob-tendo],  3.  v.  a.,  spread 
before,  outspread,  shed:  obtenta 
nox  {spreading). 

obtentus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ob- 
tendo. 

obtentus,  -us,  [ob-tentus,  cf.  ob- 
tendo], m.,  a  spreading  out.  — 
Concretely,  a  canopy :  frondis. 

obtestor,  -atus,  -ari,  [ob-testor], 
I.  v.  dep.,  entreat  (by  some  sacred 
object  called  to  witness),  beseech, 
adjure. 

obtexo,  -texul,  no  sup.,  -tcxcrc, 
[ob-texo],  3.  v.  a.,  weave  over. — 
With  change  of  point  of  view, 
overspread. 

obtorquco,  -torsi,  -tortum,  -tor- 
quere,  [ob-torqueo],  2.  v.  a., 
twist. 


Vocabulary. 


191 


obtortns,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  obtor- 
queo.  ^ 

obtrunco,  -avi,  -atum,  -arc,  [ob- 
trunco] ,  I .  v.  a.,  cut  down,  butcher, 
slay. 

obtuli,  see  offcro. 

obtundo,  -tudi,  -tusum,  -tun- 
dere,  [ob-tundo] ,  3.  v.  a.,  dull 
(orig.  by  beating),  bhint.  —  ob- 
tusus,  -a,  -inn,  p.p.,  dulled,  blunt- 
ed, dull,  dim,  less  vigorous.  —  Fig., 
obtuse,  unfeeling. 

obtusiis,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  obtundo. 

obtutus,  -us,  [ob-tutus,  cf.  ob- 
tueor],  m.,  a  gaze,  a  fixed  stare. 

obuinbro,  -avi,  -atum,  -arc,  [ob- 
umbro],  I.  v.  a.,  overshadow. 

<>b ii nc us,  -a,  -uin,  [ob-uncus], 
adj.,  hooked,  curved. 

obiistus,  -a,  -um  [ob-ustus  (see 
uro)],  adj.,  burnt  around,  hard- 
ened in  the  fire. 

obversus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ob- 
verto. 

obverto,  -vcrtl,  -versuin,  -ver- 
tere,  [ob-verto],  3.  v.  a.,  turn 
towards,  turn.  —  obversus,  -a, 
-urn,  p.p.,  in  opposition,  facing, 
standing  in  front,  firm  (as  un- 
flinching), resolute:  hue  obversus 
et  hue  {turning  this  -way  and 
that). 

obvius,  -a,  -um,  [ob-fvia  (decl.  as 
adj.),  cf.  obviam],  adj.,  in  the 
•way,  opposed,  exposed,  in  front, 
before,  to  meet. 

occasus,  -us,  [ob-casus,  cf.  occi- 
doj,  m.,  a  fall,  ruin.  —  Esp.,  the 
selling  (of  a  heavenly  body)  :  soils 
{sunset}.  —  Also  (cf.  last  division), 
sunst't,  the  west. 

occido,  -cidi,  -casum,  -cidere, 
[ob-cado],  3.  v.  n.,  fall,  perish, 
lie  slain,  disappear,  be  lost,  be  un- 
done. —  Esp.,  set. 

occido,  -cidi,  -clsum,  -cidere, 
[ob-caedo],  3.  v.  a.,  slay,  kill. 

occisus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  occido. 

occubo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -arc, 
[ob-cubo],  i.v.  n.,  lie  (dead  or 
buried) :  occubat  umbris  {has 
fallen  a  prey} . 


occulo,  -cului,  -cultum,  -culerc, 
[?,  cf.  clam],  3.  v.  a.,  bury,  cover, 
hide,  conceal. — occultus,  -a,-um, 

p.p.  as  adj.,  concealed,  secret,  hid- 
den :  sapor  {slight,  scarcely  dis- 
tinguishable) . 

occulte  [abl.  of  occultus],  adv., 
secretly,  privately. 

occulto,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [foc- 
culto-,  cf.  occulo],  I.  v.  a.,  hide, 
conceal. 

occultus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  occulo. 

occumbo,  -cubui,  -cubitum, 
-cumbere,  [ob-cumbo],  3.  v.  n., 
fall,  die,  be  slain  :  morti  {fall  a 
prey). 

occupo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [foe- 
cup-,  cf.  faucup-  (ob-^/cap  as 
stem)],  I.  v.  a.,  take  in  advance 
(as  against  somebody  else),  seize, 
take  possession  of,  assail,  strike, 
fill:  manicis  {bind} .  —  Fig.,  over- 
spread, fill,  seize. 

occurro,  -curri,  -cursum,  -cur- 
rere,  [ob-curro],  i.  v.  n.,  run  to 
meet,  rush  to,  rush  in,  come  in  the 
•way,  meet:  medius  {come  in  to 
interrupt).  — Fig.,  appear,  meet 
one's  eyes. 

occurso,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ob- 
curso,  cf.  occurro],  i.v.  n.,  rush 
in  the  way,  fall  in  the  way  of, 
meet. 

Oceanitis,  -idls,  [Gr.  patronymic], 
f.,  daughter  of  Ocean. 

oceanus,  -i,  [Gr.  fi.Kea.v6s],  m.,  the 
ocean.  —  Personified,  Ocean,  con- 
ceived by  the  ancients  as  the  uni- 
versal parent. 

ocior,  -us,  [focu-  (cf.  Gr.  UKVS)  -f 
ior,  compar.  of  lost  positive],  adj., 
swifter.  —  Neut.  as  adv.,  more 
swiftly,  quicker.  —  Also,  quickly, 
forthwith,  at  once. 

Ocnus,  -i,  [Gr.  "OKVOS],  m.,  the 
founder  of  Mantua. 

ocrea,  -ae,  [focri-  (cf.  ocris, 
Ocriculum)  +  ea,  f.  of  -eus],  f., 
ajegging,  a  greare  (usually  plur.). 

octo  [akin  to  Gr.  OKTCO,  Eng.  eight]. 
indecl.,  num.  adj.,  eight. 


192 


Vocabulary. 


oculus,  -I,  [foco-  (akin  to  Gr.  ucrae, 
for  o/ye,  Eng.  eye,  -y/ac,  cf.  acies) 
-f-  lus,  a  dim.],  m.,  an  eye.  —  Also, 
from  similarity  (cf.  Eng.  "  eye  "), 
a  bud. 

odi,  odisse,  osus,  [?,  perf.  of  lost 
pres.],  v.  a.,  hate :  diem  {curse). 

odium,  -I  (-11),  [akin  to  odi],  n., 
hatred,  hate,  a  grudge.  —  est  odio, 
is  hateful. 

odor,  -oris,  [  -^od  (cf.  Gr.  u£o>)  + 
or  (os)],  m.,  an  odor,  a  fragrance, 
a  perfume. 

odoratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  odoro. 

odorifer,  -era,  -crum,  [fodor-  (as 
if  odori-)  +  fer  (v?er  +  us)], 
adj.,  sweet-smelling,  fragrant. 

odoro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fodSr-], 
i .  v.  a.,  perfume.  —  odoratus,  -a, 
-urn,  p.p.,  perfumed,  sweet-smell- 
ing, fragrant. 

odorus,  -a,  -um,  [perh.  -fodor  + 
us,  but  cf.  canorus],  adj.,  sweet- 
smelling.  —  Also  (see  etymology 
above),  keen-scented. 

Oeagrius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Oldypios~], 
adj.,  ofCEagrus  (a  Thracian  king). 
—  Less  exactly,  Thracian. 

Oebalius,  -a,  -urn,  [Gr.  Oi#aA.jos], 
adj.,  of '  CEbalus  (a  king  of  Sparta, 
the  founder  of  Tarentum) . —  Fern., 
(Ebalia  (sc.  terra),  a  name  of 
Tarentum. 

Oebalus,   -I,    [Gr.    Of/SoAos],    m. : 

1.  A  king  of  Sparta  (see  above); 

2.  A  king  among  the  Campanians. 
Oechalia,    -ae,    [Gr.    Oi'xaAia],   f. 

(prop,  adj.),  a  city  of  Euboea. 

Oenotrius,  -a,  -um,  [fOenotro- 
( reduced)  +  ius],  adj.,  (Enotrian 
(of  the  southern  part  of  Italy).  — 
Less  exactly,  Italian. 

Oenotrus,  -a,  -um,  [perh.  akin  to 
Gr.  oTi/os,  cf.  ofvcarpos,  a  vine  prop~\, 
adj.,  of  CEnotn'a  (the  southern 
part  of  Italy),  (Enotrian. 

oestrus,  -I,  [Gr.  o/o-rpos],  m.,  a  gad- 

fly- 

Oeta,  -ae  (-e,  -es),  [Gr.  Ofnj],  f., 
a  mountain  range  of  Thessaly  run- 
ning from  Find  us  easterly  to  the 
coast. 


offa,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  ball  of  dough,  a 

cake.  ^ 
offendo,  -fendi,  -fensum,  -fen- 

dere,   [ob-fendo,  cf.   defendo], 

3.  v.  a.,  strike  against,  dash  against. 
—  offensus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.,  strik- 
ing against,  striking:  exsultat 
imago  vocis. 

offensus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  offendo. 

offero  (off-),  obtuli  (optuli), 
oblatum,  offerre  (obf-),  [ob- 
fero],  irr.  v.  a.,  bring  to,  present, 
hold  out. — With  reflexive  or  in 
pass.,  appear,  present  one's  self, 
come  in  one's  -way,  expose,  offer 
one^s  self.  —  Less  exactly  and  fig., 
offer,  show,  grant. 

officio,  -feel,  -fectum,  -ficere, 
[ob-facio],  3.  v.  n.,  (do  something 
towards  or  to  some  one,  cf.  offi- 
cium). —  Esp.,  act  against,  hin- 
der, thwart,  injure. 

oilicium,  -I  (-il),  [foffic-  (ob-fac, 
as  stem,  cf.  artifex)  +  ium],  n., 
a  service,  a  kind  office.  —  Also,  a 
duty,  a  task. 

Olleus,  -ei  (-el,  -eos),[Gr.  'OjAeus], 
m.,  a  king  of  Locris,  father  of 
Ajax.  The  name  was  added  to 
that  of  Ajax  either  in  the  genitive 
or  nominative,  or  as  an  adj.,  to 
distinguish  him  from  Ajax  son  of 
Telamon. 

olea,  -ae,  [akin  to  Gr.  l\aia,  poss. 
borrowed],  f.,  an  olive  (berry  or 
tree). 

olcaginus  (-neus,  -nius),  -a,  -um, 
[foleagin-  (fr.  olea,  cf.  virago) 

_  +  us],  adj.,  of  the  olive. 

Olearos,  -I,  [Gr.  'OX* apos] ,  f .,  one 
of  the  Cyclades  (now  Antiparos). 

oleaster, -tri,  [folea-f  term,  akin 
to  comparative],  m.,  a  wild  olive. 

oleo,  olui,  no  sup.,  olere,  [folo- 
(cf.  olidus),  prob.  y'od  in  odor, 
tfa,  cf.  laerima],  2.  v.  n.  and  a., 
smell.  —  olens,  -entls,  p.  as  adj., 
smelling^good.,  bad, or  indifferent), 
fragrant,  odoriferous  ;  —  rank,  ill- 
smelling,  noisome. 

oleum,  -I,  [see  olea],  n.,  oil. 

olim  [case-form  of  ollus  (ille),  cf. 


Vocabulary. 


193 


hino],  adv.,  at  tliat  time,  formerly, 
once,  just  nmu  :  iam  olim  cum 
(no-;u  at  last,  at  the  time  when)  .  — 
Of  future  time,  hereafter,  at  some 
time,  at  any  time.  —  Indefinitely, 
sometimes,  often. 

oliva,  -ae,  [prob.  same  stem  as 
olea,  cf.  Achiviis],  f.,  the  olive- 
tree.  —  Less  exactly,  an  olivetrunk, 
an  olive  branch,  olive  leaves. 

olivifer,  -era,  -erum,  [foliva- 
(  weakened)  -fer  (  y/fer  +  us)], 
adj.,  olive-bearing. 

olivum,  -I,  [see  oliva],  n.,  oil. 

ullus,  -a,  -uin;  see  ille. 

olor,  -oris,  [?],  m.,  a  swan. 

olorinus,  -a,  -11111,  [folor  +  inus], 
adj.,  of  the  (a)  swan. 

olus,  -oris  ;  see  holus,  the  better 
spelling. 

Olympiacus,  -a,  -urn,  [Gr.  'OAu/x- 
?ricuco's],  adj.,  of  Olympia  (the  city 
of  Elis,  where  the  Olympic  games 
were  held),  Olympian. 

Olympus,  -I,  [Gr.  'OAu^iroy],  in.,  a 
mountain  on  the  northern  frontier 
of  Thessaly.  —  From  a  notion  of  the 


omen,  -iiiis,  [?,  but  cf.  osciiies], 

n.,  an  omen,  a  portent,  a  prodigy  : 
in  omen  (as  an  omen)  ;  primis 
ominibus  (first  marriage,  on  ac- 
count of  the  ancient  custom  of 
taking  omens)  ;  regibus  omen 
erat  (sacred  custom,  which  was 
an  omen  of  prosperity,  and  the 
omission  of  which  would  be  an 
evil  omen)  ;  omina  (auspices). 

omnigeiius,  -a,  -inn,  [fomni-ge- 
nus  (-y/gen+  us,  cf.  benignus)], 
adj.,  of  all  kinds,  of  all  sorts,  of 
every  kind. 

omnino  [abl.  of  fomnino-  (fomni 
-f  nus)],  adv.,  altogether,  entirely, 
utterly. 

omniparens,  -entis,  [fomni-pa- 
rens],  adj.,  all-producing,  parent 
of  all. 

omnipotens,  -entis,  [fomni-po- 
tens],  ad].  ,all-powerful,  all-mighty, 
omnipotent.  —  As  subst.,  the  All- 
Powerful  (Jupiter). 


omnis, -is,  [ ?] ,  adj.,  all,  every :  cura 
(the  utmost}.  —  Often  like  totus, 
the  whole,  the  entire.  —  Neut.  plur., 
everything,  all,  all  things  (often 
to  be  rendered  in  Eng.  by  a  defin- 
ing word). 

Omole,  see  Homole. 

onager,  -grl,  [Gr.  uvaypos],  m.,  a 
wild  ass. 

oneratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  onero. 

oiiero,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [toner - 
(onus)],  I.  v.  a.,  load,  burden, 
fill,  cover,  heap,  pile :  aggere 
ossa ;  sulcos  proventu  ;  epulis 
mensas  ;  iaculo  palmas  (seize  the 
heavy  javelin,  &c.) ;  membra  se- 
pulcro  (cover  deep).  —  Fig.,  bur- 
den, overwhelm :  his  onerat  dictis 
(heap  reproachful  words,  &c.)  ; 
me  malis  (heap  troubles  upon)  : 
aethera  votis  (fill).  —  With 
change  of  point  of  view,  load 
(into),  pile,  put  up.  —  oiieratus, 
-a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  heavy-laden. 

oiierosus,  -a,  -um,  [foner-  (onus) 
+  osus],  adj.,  burdensome,  heavy, 
eighty. 

onus,  -eris,  [?],  n.,  a  burden,  a 
weight,  a  load. 

onustus,  -a,  -um,  [fonus  +  tus, 
cf.  honestus],  adj.,  laden,  loaded. 

Onytes,  -is,  [?],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 

opaco,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fopa- 
CO-],  I.  v.  a.,  darken,  shade,  over- 
shadow, thrcnv  a  shadow  on. 

opacus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  dark, 
shaded,  shady,  overshadowed :  fii- 
gus  (cool  shade). —  Less  exactly, 
overshadowing,  shady.  —  Xeut.  pi.: 
opaca  locorum  (dark places). 

opera,  -ae,  [foper-  (of opus)  +  a], 
f.,  labor,  service,  attention  :  ope- 
ram  dare  (do  service) . 

operatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  operor. 

operio,  opertii,  opertum,  ope- 
rire,  [ob-pario,  cf .  aperio],  4.  v.  a., 
cover,  enshroud.  —  opertus,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.,  covered,  secret,  hidden  : 
telluris  operta  (depths). 

operor,  -atus,  -Sri,  [fopera-],  I.  v. 
dep.,  be  busied.  —  Esp.  p.p.,  en- 
gaged in  (rites),  sacrificing. 


194 


Vocabulary. 


Opheltes,  -ac,  [Gr.  'O^/Xrijs],  m., 
a  Trojan,  father  of  Kuryalus. 

opiums,  -a,  -inn,  [stem  akin  to 
ops+mus],  adj.,  fruitful,  rich, 
fertile  :  arva  ;  dapes.  —  l-'.sp. : 
spolia  {princely,  technically  of 
spoils  taken  by  a  commander-iu- 
chief  from  a  commander-in-chief 
in  personal  combat). 

Opis,  Opis,  [Gr.  Tnins],  f.:  I.  A 
nymph  of  Diana  ;  2.  A  naiad. 

oportet,  oportuit,  no  sup.,  opor- 
tere,  [?,  cf.  opportunus],  2.  v. 
impersonal,  it  behooves,  it  befits, 
one  ought. 

opperior,  -peritus  (-pertus),  -pe- 
rirl,  [ob-perior,  cf.  cxperior], 
4.  v.  dep.,  ivait  for,  await,  expect. 

oppeto,  -petivi  (-11),  -petituin, 
-petere,  [ob-peto],  3.  v.  a.,  fall 
to,  fall  upon,  assail,  meet,  encoun- 
ter.— -Esp.  (sc.  mortem),  fall, 
perish,  be  slain,  meet  death. 

oppidimi,  -i,  [prob.  ob-pedum. 
solid  ground  (cf.  Gr.  ireSov  and 
oppido)],  n.,  (a  fastness  ?),  a 
town  (fortified,  as  opposed  to  a 
mere  hamlet  or  a  large  city),  a  city. 

—  Fig.,  of  bees,  fortress,  abode. 
oppono,  -posui,  -positum,   -po- 

nere,    [ob-pono],  3.  v.  a.,  place 
towards,  set  against,  array  against. 

—  In  pass.,  or  with  reflexive,  turn 
against,  set  one's  self  in  the  way, 
offer  one's  self,  expose  one's   self, 
oppose,   stand    in    the   way,    face 
(something).  —  oppositus,    -a, 
-urn,  p.p.,  opposing,  coining  in  the 
way,  in  opposition,  facing,  in  front, 
before  one,  opposite,  resisting. 

opportunus,  -a,  -uni,  [ob-portu- 
nus,  cf.  import  uiius],  adj.,  op- 
portime,fit,  favorable,  well  suited, 
advantageous. 

opprlmo,  -press!,  -pressuni,  -pri- 
inerc,  [ob-premo],  3.  v.  a.,  press 
against^  over-whelm,  crush,  subdue. 

oppugno,  -avi,  -fit  n  in,  -are,  [ob- 
pugno],  i.  v.  a.  and  n.,  fight 
against,  attack,  assail,  lay  siege  to. 

Ops,  opis,  [v/op  as  stem,  cf.  op- 
timus,  opto],  f.  sing.  (exc.  nom.), 


wealth,  means,  aid,  help,  assistance  : 
non  opis  est  nostrae  (it  is  not 
in  our  pcnuer).  —  1'ersonitied,  the 
goddess  of  plenty  and  resources. 

—  Plur.,  means,  resources,  pcnuer, 
riches,  might. 

optato  [abl.  of  optatus],  adv., 
opportunely,  as  one  could  wish. 

optatus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  opto. 

opt  iimis,  -a,  -inn  ;  see  bonus. 

opto,  -avi,  -atum,  -arc,  [fopto- 
(p.p.  of  Y/Op,  cf.  Ops,  optimus  . 
I.  v.  a.,  wish,  tit-sire,  li>itg,  /i>ng 
for,  — pray,  hope,  choose,  p 

opulentia,  -ae,  [fopulent  +  ia],  f., 
wealth,  riches. 

opulent  us,  -a,  -n in,  [fop-  (as  if 
opu-)  +  lentus],  adj.,  wealthy, 
rich. 

opus,  -eris,  [unc.  root  +  us],  n., 
work  (i_n  reference  to  its  results, 
cf.  labor),  labor,  toil,  activity.  — 
Concretely,  a  "Mork,  a  task,  a  labor, 
an  undertaking^  an  employment, 
a  deed  we  action.  —  Of  the  result,  a 
•work,  a  production :  operum  labor 
{the  labor,  as  a  burden,  of  the 
works,  as  a  production). 

opus  [same  word  as  preceding,  pet- 
rified as  a  predicate],  indecl.  (with 
esse  expr.  or  implied),  there  is 
need,  one  needs,  one  requires  :  non 
mini  opus  est,  I  need  not. 

ora,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  an  edge,  a  border, 
an  extremity:  loricae  (Joints). 

—  Hence,   a    coast  (the   extreme 
edge,  cf.  lit  us,  the  whole  shore}, 
a  shore. —  Less  exactly,  from  the 
maritime  habits  of  the  ancients,  ,i 
coinitrv,  it  r,—i,i>i,  a  shore :  lumi- 
nis  orae   (the  regions  of  light,  as 
opposed  to  the  world  below). 

oraculum,  -I,  [fora- (of  oro,  speak) 
-fculum],  n.,(f/«  announcement). 

—  Esp.   of  the   gods,   <i   response, 
prophetic  words,   a  prophecy,   in- 
spired words,  a  divine  command. 

—  Less  exactly,  an  oracle  (place 
or  source  of  prophetic  words). 

orator,  -oris,  [fora  (of  oro)  + 
tor],  m.,  a  speaker.  —  Also  (cf. 
oro),<zw  embassador,a  messenger. 


Vocabulary. 


'95 


orbis,  -is,  [?],  m.,  a  circle,  a  circuit, 
a  course  (circular),  a  ring,  a  disc, 
a  wheel,  a  winding:  oculorum 
(ball). —  Esp.,  a  region,  the  circle 
of  the  world,  the  world,  the  heav- 
ens. —  Also,  a  circular  cluster.  — 
Fig.,  a  cycle  (of  time),  a  revolu- 
tion (of  the  heavenly  bodies). 
orbita,  -ae,  [forbi  +  ta  (cf.  Gr. 

-•7-77$)],  f.,  a  trad",  a  path. 
orbus,  -a,  -uni,  [cf.  Gr.  bpq>avos~], 

adj.,  deprived,  bereft. 
orchas,  -adis,  [Gr.  opxa's],  f-»  an 

olive  (of  a  peculiar  kind) . 
Ori'iis,  -I,  [perh.  akin  to  arceo], 
m.,  a  god  of  the  lower  world 
identified  with  Pluto,  Death.  — 
Also,  the  world  below,  Hades. 
ordior,  orsus,  ordfrl,  [fordi-, 
cf.  ordo],  4.  v.  dep.,  begin,  com- 
mence, undertake,  enter  upon.  — 
Esp.,  begin  (to  speak). — orsus, 
-a,  -uin,  p.p.,  beginning.  —  Neut. 
plur.,  undertakings.  —  Also  (cf. 
ordior),  words,  speech. 
ordo,  -inis,  [fordi-  (whence  or- 
dior, cf.  exordium)  +  o],  m., 
a  row,  a  rank,  a  series,  a  line. 
—  Abstractly,  order,  array,  ar- 
rangement, sequence :  uno  habe- 
tis  Achivos  (estimation)  ;  fa- 
torum  (fixed  order);  vertitur 
(succession  of  events) .  —  Phrases  : 
ordine,  regularly,  in  detail;  ex 
ordine,  continuously  ;  in  ordine, 
in  regular  series. 
Oreades, -um,  [Gr.  'Opeias],  f.  pi., 

mountain-nvmphs. 
.Orestes,  -ae  (-is),  [Gr.  'OpeVrTj 
m.,  the  son  of  Agamemnon,  lie 
killed  his  mother  Clytemnestra, 
and  was  driven  mad  by  the  Furies. 
His  career  was  a  favorite  subject 
for  the  dramatic  art. 
orgia,  -orum,  [Gr.  opyia],  n.  plur., 
the  orgies  (feast  of  Bacchus,  cele- 
brated with  wild  frenzied  revelry), 
feast  of  Bacchus. 
orichalcum,  -i,  "[Gr.  opei'xaAKos], 
n.,  mountain  bronze  (a  peculiar 
mixture  of  copper  used  by  the  an- 
cients). 


Oricius,  -a,  -urn,  [fOrico-  (re- 
duced) -f  ius],  adj.,  of  Oricum  (a 
town  of  Epirus) .  —  Less  exactly, 
of Epirus. 

orlgo,  -inis,  [fori-  (of  orior)  + 
go,  cf.  imago],  f.,  a  beginning, 
an  origin,  a  source,  a  common 
cement,  a  first  production,  a  birth. 

—  Also,  a.  race,  a  slock, —  an  an- 
cestor, a  progenitor.  —  Phrase  :  ab 
origine,  from  the  foundation,  tit- 

_  terly,  root  and  branch. 

Orion,  -onis  (-onis),  [Gr.  TlpiW], 
m.,  a  mythic  hunter  of  antiquity 
placed  in  the  heavens  as  a  constel- 
lation. —  Also,  Orion  (the  constel- 
lation, whose  rising  and  setting 
were  attended  by  storms). 

orior,  ortus,  orirl,  [  ?,  cf.  Gr.  opvv- 
juai],  3.  and  4.  v.  dep.,  rise,  begin, 
appear,  originate,  be  born,  spring. 

—  oriens,  -entis,  p.,  rising.  —  As 
subst.,  the  rising  sun,  the  dawn, 
the  East,  the  East  (country). 

Orithyla,*-ae,  [Gr.  'tiptiOvia],  f., 
a  daughter  of  King  Erechtheus  of 
Athens. 

ornatus,  -us,  [forna-  (of  orno)  + 
tus],  m.,  adornment,  ornament, 
attire,  ornaments  (collectively,  of 
a  headdress). 

ornatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  orno. 

oriio,  -avi,  -at um,  -are,  [prob.  fr. 
astern  in -no-,  of  unc.  root],  i.v.a., 
adorn,  deck,  equip,  furnish. 

oriius,  -I,  [?],  f.,  an  ash-free,  an 
ash. 

Ornytus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  an  Etruscan. 

oro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [for-(os)], 
I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  (speafi),  plead,  Ivg, 
beseech,  entreat,  implore,  beg  for, 
supplicate. 

Orodes,  -is,  [Gr.  'OpuS^s],  m.,  a 
warrior  in  the  army  of  vEneas. 

Orontes,  -is  (-i),  [Gr.  'OpiWrjs], 
m. :  I.  A  river  of  Syria  ;  2.  The 
commander  of  /Eneas'  Lycian  al- 
lies. 

Orpheus,  -ei  (-eos),  [Gr.  'Op^ew], 
m.,  a  mythic  bard  of  antiquity.  He 
rescued  his  wife  from  the  world 
below  by  his  skill  in  music,  but 


196 


Vocabulary. 


was  afterwards  torn  in  pieces  by 
the  Thracian  women. 

orsa,  see  ordior. 

Orses,  -is,  [?],  m.,  a  Trojan. 

Orsllochus,  -I,  [Or.],  m.,  a  Trojan. 

orsus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  ordior. 

ortus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  orior. 

ortus,  -us,  [  Y/or  (of  orior)  +  tus], 
m.,  a  rising,  the  dawn. 

Ortygia,  -ae,  [Gr.  'Oprvyta,  Quail 
island],  f . :  i.  A  name  of  Delos ; 
2.  An  island  in  the  harbor  of  Syra- 
cuse, forming  part  of  the  city. 

Ortygius,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 

os,  oris,  [?],  n.,  the  mouth.  —  Less 
exactly,  the  face,  the  countenance, 
the  lips,  the  jaws  ;  language,  words, 
spcecli :  ante  ora  (before  the  eyes) ; 
ora  discordia  (language) ;  ma- 
nus  inter  -que  ora  (under  the 
hands  and  before  the  face) ;  ora 
exsertans  (head) ;  virum  dif- 
fundit  in  ora  (spread  abroad  in 
the  mouths  of  men} ;  ora  implet 
(ears) ;  formidinis  ora  (phan- 
toms) ;  tria  Dianae  (forms')  ; 
tali  ore  locutus  (words) ;  uno 
ore  (with  one  accord) ;  magno 
ore  (voice).  —  Often  it  may  be 
omitted  with  words  of  speech. — 
Less  exactly,  an  opening,  mouth 
(of  a  river),  aperture,  head  (of  an 
ulcer). 

os,  ossis,  [cf.  Gr.  ucrrfov'],  n.,  a 
bone. —  Plur.,  the  bones,  the  f  rum,', 
the  inmost  frame,  the  remains. 

Osci,  -orum,  [?],  m.  pi.,  the  early 
inhabitants  of  Campania,  the  Os- 
cans. 

osrillnm,  -I,  [fosculo  +  him],  n., 
a  little  face,  a  little  mask. 

osciilum,  -I,  [fos+  culum,  dim.], 
n.,  a  lip,  the  mouth,  a  kiss. 


Osinins,  -I  (-ii),  [?],  m.,  a  king  of 
Clusium. 

Osiris,  -itlis  (-is),  [Gr.  "Ompis], 
m. :  I.  An  Egyptian  divinity;  2.  A 
Rutulian. 

Ossa,  -ae,  [Gr.  "Oaaci],  f.,  a  moun- 
tain of  Thessaly. 

ostendo,  -tendi,  -tensum  (-ten- 
turn),  -tendere,  [obs-tendo], 
3.  v.  a.,  stretch  before,  stretch  out, 
expose,  raise,  show,  exhibit,  point 
out.  —  With  reflexive  or  in  pass., 
show  one's  self,  appear. 

ostento,  -avi,  -atuin,  -are,  [obs- 
tento,  cf.  ostendo],  i.  v.  a.,  show, 
display,  point  out. 

ostium,  -i  (-ii),  [perh.akin  to  os], 
n.,  the  mouth.  —  Less  exactly,  a 
door,  a  gate,  an  entrance.  — •  1'lur., 
the  mouth  (of  a  river),  a  harbor. 

ostrifer,  -era,  -eruni,  [fostro-fer 
(  ^/fer  +  lis)],  adj.,  oyster-bearing, 
rich  in  oysters. 

ostrum,  -I,  [prob.  borrowed  fr.  Gr. 
uff-rpfov],  n.,  (a  shell-fish).  —  Less 
exactly,  purple  (a  color  made  from 
the  fish),/«r/A'  (purple  fabrics). 

Othryades,  -ae,  [Gr.  'O0puo5r/s], 
m.,  son  of  Olhrys. 

Othrys,  -yos,  [Gr.  "Oflpus],  m.,  a 
mountain  in  Thessaly. 

of  i  um,  -i  (-ii),  [?],  n.,  rest,  ease, 
idleness,  quiet,  leisure,  repose. 

ovile, -is,  [tovi-(lengthened)+le  (n. 
of  lis),  prop,  adj.],  n.,  a  sheep-fold. 

ovis,  -is,  [cf.  Gr.  oi's,  Eng.  ewe~\,  f., 
a^sheep. 

ovo,  -avi,  -at  um,  -are,  [ ?],  i.  v.  n., 
rejoice,  triumph,  exult,  express 
one's  joy.  —  ova  us,  -ant  is,  p.  as 
adj.,  rejoicing,  delighted,  glad. 

ovum,  -i,  [prob.  akin  to  avis,  cf. 
Gr.  u6i>],  n.,  an  egg. 


P. 


pabulum,  -i,  [as  if  -y/pa  (in  pasco) 
+  bulum,  but  cf.  oiiigulum  and 
ferculuin],  n.,  food,  fodder,  flas- 
/in'tigs,  nourishment. 

paeatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  paco. 

Pachynus  (-um),  -1,  [Gr.  Ilaxwos], 


m.  and  n.  (f.),  the  southeastern  ex- 
tremity of  Sicily  (Capo  di  Passaro). 
pncifcr,  -ora,  -eruin,  [tpac-  (as  if 
paci-)  -fer  (-^fer-f  us)],  adj., 
peace-bringing;  oliva  (peaceful, 
the  emblem  of  peace). 


Vocabulary. 


197 


pacisco,  no  perf.,  pactum,  pa- 
ciscere,  [^/pac.  bind,  cf.  obs. 
paco,  pax,  pec  us],  3.  v.  a.,  (ar- 
chaic exc.  p.p.),  agree,  bargain, 
agree  upon,  promise.  —  pactus, 
-a,  -urn,  p.p.,  stipulated,  agreed 
it pon,  betrothed, promised, plighted. 

—  Fern.,  a  bride,  an  affianced  wife, 
a   betrothed  (wife). —  Neut.,    an 
agreement. — Less  exactly  (in  abl.), 
a  manner,  means,  a  way,  a  method. 

—  paciscor,  pass,  as  dep.,  bar- 
gain, stipulate,  agree,  barter  :  vi- 
tam  pro  laude  ;  letum  pro  laude 
(  pay  the  price  of} . 

paciscor,  see  paeisco. 

paco,  -avi,  -atimi,  -are,  [fpac-], 
i .  v.  a.,  reduce  to  peace,  give  peace 
to.  —  pacatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p., 
brought  to  peace,  peaceful,  freed 
from  war. 

Pactolus,  -I,  [Gr.  na/cTo>A<k],  m.,  a 
river  of  Lydia  famous  for  its  gold. 

pactum,  see  paeisco. 

pactus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  paeisco. 

Padus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  the  Po,  the  fa- 
mous river  of  Northern  Italy. 

Padusa,  -ae,  [akin  to  Padus],  f., 
an  artificial  mouth  of  the  Po,  or 
canal,  running  into  the  Adriatic 
near  Ravenna. 

Paean,  -auis,  [Gr.  Uaidv,  ITa«wc], 
m.,  the  physician  of  the  gods;  also 
used  as  a  name  of  Apollo,  —  Also, 
a  hymn  to  Apollo,  a  hymn  (to  any 
deity),  a  song  of  tritunph,  a  song 
of  tha  nksgiving. 

paene  (pene),  [?],  adv.,  almost, 
nearlv,  all  but. 

paeiiitet,  -uit,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [adj.- 
stem  akin  to  poena],  2.  v.  a.  im- 
pers.,  it  repents. — Translated  by 
a  change  of  construction,  one  re- 
pents, regrets,  is  ashamed,  dis- 
dains. 

Paeonius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Tlaiwvtos, 
cf.  Paeau],  adj.,  of  Paon  (the  god 
of  medicine)  :  Paeonium  in  mo- 
rem  (in  medical  guise). —  Less 
exactly,  medicinal. 

Pucstum,  -i,  [Gr.  HaiffTov~\,  n.,  a 
city  of  Lucania,  formerly  called 


Posidonia,  famed  for  its  roses. 
Pagasus,  -I,  [  ?],  m.,  an  Etruscan. 
pagina,    -ae,   [fpagi-  (as   root,  in 

pango)  +  na  (f.  of  -nus)],  f.,  a 

leaf  (of  a  book),  a  page. 
pagus,  -I,  [perh.  akin  to  pango], 

m.,  a  village  (unwalled,  cf.  oppi- 

dum)  or  farming  district,  a  town. 
Palaemou,  -onis,  [Gr.  Tla\ai/j.wv~\, 

m.,  a  son  of  Athamas   and   Ino, 

changed  to  a  sea-god.    A  shepherd. 
palaestra,  -ae,  [Gr.  iraAaiVrpa],  f., 

a  paltcslra  or  place  for  wrestling. 

—  Less  exactly,  wrestling,  games 
(in  which  wrestling  predominated) . 

palam  [unc.  case-form  (cf.  clam, 
coram),  perh.  akin  to  palea, 
palor],  adv.,  openly. 

Palamedes,  -is,  [Gr.  noAo/uTJSijs], 
m.,  a  famous  Grecian  hero  of  the 
Trojan  war. 

pa  la  us,  -tis,  'wandering,  straggling. 

Palatimis,  -a,  -um,  [fPalatio- 
(reduced)  +  inus],  adj.,  of  the 
Palatine  (the  famous hillat  Rome) . 

Pnlutiiim,  -I  (-il),  [tpalatS-  (re- 
duced) +  ium  (n.  of  ius)],  n.,  the 
Palatine  hill  (on  which  was  the 
imperial  residence  of  Augustus). 

—  From  association,  a  palace. 
palatum  (-us),  -I,  [?,  akin  to  pa- 
lea,  palor,  the  broad  canopy  of 
the  moutht~\,  n.  and  m.,  (a  broad 
canopy,  archaic).  — Esp.,  the  roof 
of  the  mouth,  the  palate. 

palea,  -ae,  [perh.  akin  to  palor, 
palam],  f.,  chaff  (as  scattered 
abroad?). 

palear,  -aris,  [tpalea-  (or  stem 
akin)  +  re  (reduced,  n.  of  ris)], 
n.,  the  devulap  (of  cattle). 

Pales,  -is,  [?,  ^/pal  (in  palea, 
palor) -f  is  (-es)],  f.  (anciently 
m.),  the  divinity  of  shepherds  (of 
the  wandering  flocks?). 

Palicus,  -i,  [?],  m.,  the  name  of 
two  sons  of  Jupiter  deified  in  Sicily. 

Paliiiiirus,  -I,  [(Jr.  rioAiVoupos], 
m.,  the  pilot  of  /Eneas,  murdered 
on  the  coast  of  Italy  after  swim- 
ming to  land. 

paliurus,  -I,    [Gr.   ir«A.ioypo$] ,  m., 


198 


Vocabulary. 


a  thorn-bush  (said  to  be  the  Rham- 
nus  paliurus) . 

pal  la,  -ae,  [  ?],  f.,  a  robe  (for  women, 
of  somewhat  uncertain  nature, 
prob.  a  mantle  or  shawl  of  varying 
size,  sometimes,  when  confined  by 
a  girdle,  taking  the  place  of  an 
undergarment) . 

Palladius,  -a,  -urn,  [Gr.  IlaAAa- 
8ios],  adj.,  of  Pallas.  —  Neut.  (cf. 
Gr.  naAAaSiov),  a  statue  of  Pallas. 

—  Esp.,  the  Palladium  (or  statue 
of  Pallas  in  Troy,  stolen  by  Ulysses 
and  Diomede). 

Pallanteus  (-ius),  -a,  -uni,  [fPal- 
lant  +  eus],  adj.,  of  Pallas  (an 
ancient  king  of  Arcadia).  —  Less 
exactly,  of  Pallanteiim :  moenia. 

—  Neut.,   Pallantewn,    a    city    of 
Arcadia  whence  Evander  came  to 
Italy.  —  Also,  the  city  built  by  him 
in  Italy  on  the  site  of  Rome. 

Pallas,  -adis,  [Gr.  noAAos],  f.,  the 
Grecian  divinity  identified  by  the 
Romans  with  Minerva,  a  goddess 
of  war  and  of  household  arts  and 
of  learning,  the  discoverer  of  the 
olive. 

Pallas,  -antls,  [Gr.irctAAar,  a  young 
mail],  m.,  the  son  of  EvamltT, 
killed  by  Turnus  while  fighting  for 
xKneas;  2.  An  Arcadian. 

Palleiie,  -es,  [Gr.  Tla\\r)i>r]~],  f.,  a 
peninsula  of  Macedonia  whence 
came  Proteus  the  sea-god. 

palleo,  pallui,  no  sup.,  pallere, 
[tpallo-,  cf.  pallidus],  2.  v.  n., 
be  pale,  be  pallid.  —  palleiis, 
-entis,  p.  as  adj.,  pale,  pallid, 
colorless,  pale  green, blue,  gray,  &c. 

pallidus,  -a,  -um,  [tpallo-  (cf. 
palleo)  +  dus],  adj.,  pale,  pallid, 
colorless,  wan. 

pallor,  -oris,  [pall-  (as  root  of 
palleo)  +  or],  m.,  paleness, pallor. 

pal  ma,  -ae,  [pern,  y/pal  (cf.  pa- 
lea,  palor)  +  ma,  but  cf.  Gr. 
TraAajUT)],  {.,//!<•  palm  (of  the  hand), 
the  hand. — Also,  from  the  shape 
of  the  leaf,  the  palm-tree,  the  palm, 
a  palm  branch. — Fig.,  victory,  a 
prize  (of  victory),  a  victor. 


palmes,  -itis,  [perh.  akin  to  pal- 
ma],  m.,  a  young  sho  ol  or  branch 
(of  the  vine),  a  vine. 

palmosus,  -a,  -uni,  [fpalma-  (re- 
duced) +  osus],  adj.,  abounding 
in  palms,  palm-grown,  palmy. 

palmula,  -ae,  [fpalmo-  (cf.  pal- 
ma)  +  la],  f.,  an  oar-blade. 

Paliuus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  an  Etrurian 
slain  by  Mezentius. 

palumbes,  -is,  [  ?],  m.  and  f.,  a 
wood-pigeon. 

pal  us,  -iidis,  [?],  f.,  a  marsh,  a 
pool,  a  lake,  water  (stagnant). 

paluster  (-tris),  -trls,  -tre,  [fpa- 
lud+tris  (reduced)],  adj.,  marshy, 
of  the  marsh. 

pampineus,  -a,  -um,  [fpampino- 
(reduced)  +  eus],  adj.,  of  Tine 
leaves,  vine-wreathed:  auctumnus 
{crowned  'with  vine  leaves). 

pampinus,  -I,  [  ?],  m.  and  f.,  a  vine 
leaf,  a  vine  shoot,  a  vine  branch. 

Pan,  -os,  [Gr.  rictv],  m.,  the  god  of 
shepherds,  represented  as  half  goat 
and  playing  on  the  syrinx. 

panacea,  -ae,  [Gr.  Tra.va.Ktia],  f., 
panacea  (an  herb  famed  for  its  all- 
healing  properties). 

Panchaeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Uay- 
Xai'o],  adj.,  of  Panchcra  (an  island 
of  Arabia  famous  for  its  frankin- 
cense). —  Fern.  Paiichaia,  the 
island  itself. 

Pandarus,  -I,  [Gr.  navSapos],  m.  : 
I.  A  Lycian  archer  who  shot  an 
arrow  among  the  Greeks,  and  thus 
broke  the  treaty  between  them  and 
the  Trojans  ;  2.  A  companion  of 


paiido,  pandi,  piiiisiim  (pas- 
sum),  pandere,  [?],  3.  v.  a., 
spread  out,  unfold,  extend,  spread, 
expose,  open,  lay  open.  —  In  pass. 
or  with  reflexive,  extend,  lie  open. 
—  Fig.,  show,  disclose,  unfold,  lay 
opt  n,  expose,  relate,  reveal.-  —  pas- 
sus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  spread, 
extended,  dishevelled  (of  hair), 
dried  (spread  in  the  sun).  —  Neut., 
raisin  wine  (made  of  grapes 
spread  to  dry  in  the  sun). 


Vocabulary. 


199 


paiulus,  -ti,  -um,  [prob.  pand  (as 
root  of  pando)  +us],  adj.,  bent, 
curved :  lances  (Iwllow,  bent  in- 
wards), 

Paiigaca,  -oruiu  (-us,  -I),  [Gr. 
l\ayyaiov},  n.  plur.,  a  mountain- 
range  between  Macedonia  and 
Thrace. 

pangd,  panxl  (pegl,  pepigl), 
paiict  inn  (pactum),  pangerc, 
[  v'pag,  cf.  Gr.  Tryyvv/Ai,  perh.  pax, 
paeiscor],  3.  v.  a.,  fasten,  fix.  — 
Fig.,  agree  upon,  appoint  (by  agree- 
ment), contract  (a  treaty  or  alli- 
ance) .  —  Also,  put  together,  con- 
trive. 

P4tnopea,  -ac,  (Panope-,  -es), 
[Gr.  Hav6iT7\],  f.,  a  sea-nymph. 

Paiiopes,  -is,  [Gr.  Tlavoir^,  m.,  an 
attendant  of  Acestes. 

Pantagias,  -ae,  [Gr.  Ua.vTa.yia.s~], 
m.,  a  river  of  Sicily. 

pauthera,  -ae,  [Gr.  irdv9-np~],  f., 
a  panther,  especially  sacred  to 
Bacchus. 

Pantlius,  -I,  [Gr.  Tldv9oos~],  m.,  a 
Trojan  priest  of  Apollo,  father  of 
Euphorbus. 

papaver,  -eris,  [?],  n.,  a  poppy. 
—  Used  loosely  for  the  juice  in  a 
medical  form,  poppy. 

Paphius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  llanos], 
adj.,  of.  Paphos,  Paphian. — Less 
exactly,  of  I 'en  its. 

Paphos  (-us),  -I,  [Gr.  IIcw/>os],  f., 
a  city  of  Cyprus  famous  for  an 
ancient  temple  of  Venus. 

papilla, -ae,  [tpapula+  la],  f.,  a 
nipple,  fiie  breast. 

papula,  -ae,  [?],  f,  a  pimple. 

par,  paris,  [?,  perh.  akin  to  paro, 
pario,  as  equivalent  in  barter], 
adj.,  equal,  no  less,  like,  ivell- 
inatfJicd,  corresponding,  even :  ae- 
tas  (tlie  same') ;  discurrere  pares 
(ih  equal  numbers);  alae  (even'}; 
leges  (impartial). 

paratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  paro. 

Paroae,  -arum,  [?,  prob.  akin  to 
P4irco],  f.  plur.,  the  Fates,  god- 
desses of  birth  and  death  (Nona, 
Decuma,  and  Morta),  and  so  the 


arbiters  of  human  destiny,  identi- 
fied with  the  Greek  Mo?pai  (Clotho, 
Lachesis,  and  Atropos) . 

P4irce  [abl.  of  parcus],  adj.,  spar- 
ingly, carefully. 

pared",  pepercl  (parsi),  parei- 
tum  (parsum),  pareere,  [?], 
3.  v.  n.  and  a.,  spare  (refrain  from 
using),  be  sparing  of,  save,  Jms- 
band,  refrain  from  (as  if  from 
using),  forbear,  cease,  res/ rain  : 
future  (l>e  prudent,  lake  thought 
for)  ;  parcite  Rutuli  (liold !)  ; 
flatibus  Euri  (spare,  deal  gently 
with).  —  Also,  spare  (refrain  from 
destroying  as  if  from  wasting), 
preserve.  —  Active,  save,  keep  : 
talenta  natis. 

parcus,  -a,  -um,  [akin  to  parco], 
adj.,  frugal,  sparing,  thrifty.  — 
Transferred,  scanty,  a  liltle. 

parens,  -entis,  [aorist  part,  of  pa- 
rio, cf.  o  Te/cojj'],  comm.,  a  parent, 
a  father,  a  mother,  a  sire,  a  dam. 
—  Less  exactly,  an  ancestor,  a 
forefather.  —  Fig.,  of  a  country  : 
magna  parens  frugum. 

pareo,  parui,  paritum,  parere, 
[?,  prob.  adj. -stem  akin  to  pario], 
2.  v.  n.,  appear,  show  one's  self : 
sidera  (be  intelligible  or  well- 
known).  — Esp.,  appear  (at  a  sum- 
mons?), obey,  be  subject  to,  submit 
to.  —  parens,  -eiitis,  p.,  obedient. 

paries,  -etis,  [?],  m.,  a  wall  (within 
a  house,  cf.  murus,  moenia,  of 
a  city). 

pario,  peperi,  paritum  (par- 
turn),  p«irere,  [?,  Y/par,  cf. 
P4iro,  opiparus],  3.  v.  a.,  secure, 
procure,  win  :  sibi  letum  (  find  a 
in  eans  of,  &c.) . —  Esp.,  bring  forth, 
bear.  —  Pass.,  be  born.  —  partus, 
-41,  -um,  p.p.,  acquired,  secured, 
won.  —  ISevA.., gain,  gathered  store, 
acquired  gains. 

Paris,  -idis,  [Gr.  Hapis],  m.,  the 
son  of  1'riam  and  Hecuba.  lie 
awarded  the  pri/e  of  beauty  to 
Venus  over  Juno  (Here)  and  Mi- 
nerva (Pallas),  and  thus  won  I  lelen 
as  the  most  beautiful  woman  liv- 


2OO 


Vocabulary. 


ing.  He  is  sometimes  represented 
as  effeminate  and  weak,  whence 
his  name  is  used  as  a  term  of  re- 
proach. 

pariter  [fpari-  (of  par)  -f-  ter,  cf. 
acriter],  adv.,  equally,  alike,  in 
like  manner,  not  less,  as  -well . .  .  as, 
together,  at  the  same  time  :  pariter 
cum  flamma  (no  less  swift  than). 

Parius,  -a,  -urn,  [Gr.  napios],  adj., 
of  Paros,  Parian. 

parnia,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  shield  (small 
and  round) ,  a  buckler,  a  shield  (in 
general). 

Pamasius  (-assius),  -a,  -uni,  [Gr. 
llapviffios],  adj.,  of  Parnassus, 
Parnassian. 

Pariiasus  (-assus),  -I,  [Gr.  Uap- 
vaffos],  m.,  a  mountain  in  Thes- 
saly,  the  favorite  haunt  of  the 
Muses. 

parS,  -avl,  -atuin,  -are,  [fparo- 
(cf.  opiparus  and  pareo) ] ,  i .v. a., 
procure,  provide,  secure,  prepare, 
prepare  for,  get  ready.  —  Fig.,  pre- 
pare, begin,  endeavor,  attempt,  aim 
at,  be  about  to,  intend,  arrange  : 
parabitur  imber  (lie  gathering) ; 
iussa  parat  (make  the  prepara- 
tions ordered).  —  pa  nit  us,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.,  prepared,  ready,  ar- 
ranged. 

Paros,  -I,  [Gr.  Ilapos],  f.,  one  of  the 
Cyclades  islands,  famous  for  its 
white  marble. 

Parrhasius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Tlappd- 
trjoj],  adj.,  ofParrhasia  (a  town  in 
Arcadia). —  Less  exactly,  Arca- 
dian. 

pars,  partis,  [y'par  (akin  to  «ro- 
pov)  +  tis  (reduced)],  f.,  a  part,  a 
portion,  a  share,  a  place,  a  region, 
a  direction,  a  side :  naturae 
(branch);  pads  (a pledge). — Re- 
peated, one  part  .  .  .  another,  some 
.  .  .  some. 

Partheuius,  -I  (-ii),  [Gr.  TlapOf- 
vios],  m.,  a  Trojan. 

Partheiiius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Uap0€- 
i/ios],  adj.,  of  Par/hi  nins  (a  moun- 
tain in  Arcadia),  Parlhen iiin. 

Partheuopaeus,  -1,  [Gr. 


Trcubs],  m.,  the  son  of  Atalanta  and 
Meleager,  who  fought  in  the  The- 
ban  and  Trojan  wars. 

Parthenope,  -es,  [Gr.  Tia.p6tv6iri)~\, 
f.,  the  ancient  name  of  Naples,  or 
of  the  city  for  which  Naples  (Arew 
city)  was  substituted. 

Parthus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  IldpBos'], 
adj.,  Parthian,  of  the  Parthians 
(a  nation  northeast  of  the  Caspian, 
famous  as  archers).  —  Masc.  plur., 
the  Parthians,  the  nation  itself. 

partim  [ace.  of  pars],  adv.,  partly, 
in  part.  —  Distributing  a  plur. 
subj.  or  obj.,  some  .  .  .  others,  a 
part .  .  .  a  part. 

partio,  -Ivi,  -itum,  -Ire,  [fparti- 
(ofpars)],  4.  v.  a.,  (divide). — 
Pass,  as  dep.,  divide,  share  :  curas 
(impart). —  partitus,  -a,  -um, 
p.p.  (in  pass,  sense),  divided. 

partitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  partio 
and  partior. 

parturio,  -ivi  (-ii),  -Itum,  -Ire, 
[prob.  fparturo-  (old  fut.  p.  of 
pario)],  4.  v.  a.  desid.,  be  preg- 
nant, teem,  be  in  bloom. 

partus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  pario. 

partus,  -us,  [  -^par  (in  pario)  + 
tus],  m.,  birth,  bearing,  delivery, 
•motherhood.  —  Concr.,  offspring. 

parum  [ace.  of  stem  akin  to  par- 
vus],  adv.,  little,  not  much,  not 
very  :  laetus  (far  front). 

pariimper  [parum-per  (cf.  nnpcr, 
semper)],  adv.,  a  little  while,  for 
a  moment. 

pa rviilns,  -a,  -um,  [fparvo+lus], 
adj.,  little,  sum II. 

parvus,  -a,  -um,  [v/Par  (cf-  P»r- 
cus,  pars)  +  vus],  adj.,  small, 
little,  slender,  slight,  trifling,  hum- 
ble :  pabula  (bits  of).  —  Neut., 
a  little,  humble  circumstances,  a 
small  thing.  —  Abl.,  a  small  price, 
small  cost. 

pasco,  pavi,  pastum,  pas<-ore, 
[^/pa+  sco],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  pas- 
ture, feed,  tend.  —  Less  exactly, 
nourish,  feed,  foster,  support,  grow 
(act.).  —  Intrans.,  graze,  feed, 
browse.  —  Pass,  as  dep., graze,  feed, 


Vocabulary. 


2O I 


feed  on,  pluck.  —  Less  exactly  (of 
flame,  <S:c.),  be  fed,  be  supplied  with 
food,  play  around. 

pasruum,  -I,  [n.  of  adj.,  akin  to 
pasco,  cf.  iiocuus],  n.,  pasture- 
land,  pasture. 

Pasiphae,  -es,  [Gr.  Ilairupa?;],  f., 
the  daughter  of  Minos  king  of 
Crete,  the  mother  of  the  Minotaur. 

passim  [ace.  of  passis  (^/pad  + 
tis,  cf.  paudo)],  adv.,  far  and 
wide,  all  around,  everywhere,  here 
and  theft',  in  all  directions. 

passus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  paudo. 

passus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  patior. 

passus,  -us,  [^/pad+tus],  m.,  a 
step :  longi  passus  (a  long  dis- 
tance). 

pastor,  -oris,  [  -v/Pa  (with  unc.  s, 
cf.  lustrum)  +  tor  (cf.  pasco)], 
m.,  a  shepherd,  a  herdsman  :  Phry- 
gius  (i.e.  Paris}. 

pastoralis,  -e,  [tpastor  +  alls], 
adj.,  of  shepherds :  myrtus  (the 
shepherds'}. 

pastus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  pasco  and 
pascor. 

pastus,  -us,  [VPa  (with  unc.  s,  cf. 
pastor)  +  tus],  m.,  feeding,  pas- 
ture. —  Concretely,  a  pasture . 

Patavium,  -i  (-11),  [?],  n.,  Padua 
(a  city  near  the  Adriatic,  founded 
by  Antenor). 

patefacio,  -feel,  -factum,  -face- 
re,  [unc.  stem  (akin  to  pateo) 
-facio],  3.  v.  a.,  lay  open,  open. 

patrfacf  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  patc- 
facio. 

patrfr,  patui,  no  sup.,  patere, 
[tpato-  (cf.  patulus),  -v/Pa^» 
akin  to  TrtTowv/uoi],  2.  v.  n.,  lie 
open,  l>i-  opened,  be  open,  open,  l>e 
extended,  extend,  be  exposed  :  Tar- 
tarus (yawn).  —  Fig.,  app,  ar,  lie 
disclosed.  —  patens,  -entis,  p., 
wide,  open,  free. 

pater,  -tris,  [  y'pa  (in  potis)  + 
ter,  cf.  mater],  m.,  a  father,  a 
sire,  an  ancestor,  a  forefather,  a 
parent.  —  As  a  term  of  respect  or 
worship,  of  gods,  kings,  ancient 
worthies,  &c.,  father,  venerable 


sire,  venerable.  —  Alone  of  Jupiter 
and  Vulcan,  also  of  /Kneas :  Teu- 
crum  (as  the  father  of  his  people); 
Oceanus  rerum  (  parent) .  —  Also 
usually  in  plur.,  the  nobles,  chiefs, 
the  senate,  the  elders  :  pater  Ro- 
manus  (the  Kama  n  senate}. 

patera,  -ae,  [akin  to  pateo,  cf.  7m- 
TO.VT\,  patina],  f.,  a  bowl  (flat  like 
a  saucer,  for  libations),  a  plate,  a 
cup  (for  drinking). 

paternus,  -a,  -um,  [fpater-  (un- 
syncopated)  +  nus],  adj.,  of  a 
father,  paternal,  hereditary,  an- 
cestral. 

patesco,  -ul,  no  sup.,  -eseere, 
[tpate-(of  pateo) -f  sco],  3.  v.  n., 
lie  open.  —  tig.,  be  disclosed,  be- 
come manifest. 

patior,  passus,  pati,  [  ^/pat,  prob. 
akin  to  ireurxw],  3-  v.  dep.,  suffer, 
endure,  bear,  undergo.  —  Also, 
tolerate,  have  to  bear,  suffer,  allow, 
permit. — Absolutely,  live  in  suf- 
fering: lituos  (become  inured  to}. 
—  patifiis,  -entis,  p.  as  adj., 
capable  of  enduring,  enduring, 
submissive  to,  patient,  trained  to, 
broken  to. 

patrius,  -a,  -um,  [fpater  (synco- 
pated) -fius],  adj.,  of  a  father,  a 
father's,  of  one's  ancestors,  ances- 
tral,  filial  (paid  to  a  parent). — 
Also  used  as  adj.  of  patria  (see 
below),  of  one's  country,  national, 
native. — Fern.  (sc.  terra),  one's 
country,  a  country  (of  one's  own), 
home,  native  ci/y,  native  country. 

Patron,  -oiiis,  [?],m.,  an  Acarna- 
nian  in  the  company  of  /Kneas. 

pat  rims,  -I,  [fpater  (syncopated) 
+  uus],  m.,  an  uncle  (on  the 
father's  side,  cf.  avunculus,  a 
motJier's  brother) . 

patulus,  -a,  -um,  [tpato-  (cf.  pa- 
teo) lus],  adj.,  spreading,  wide, 
broad,  fiat. 

paucus,  -a,  -urn,  [?],  adj.  (mostly 
plur.),  a  feiv  (only),  fc~a>.  —  Masc. 
plur.,  a  few,  few.  —  Xeut.  plur.,  a 
few  things,  a  fe~M  words.  —  Abl., 
briefly,  in  a  few  words. 


2O2 


Vocabulary. 


paulatiiii  [tpaulo-  (reduced)  + 
atim,  cf.  catervatini],  adv.,  little 
by  little,  gradually,  slowly,  by  de- 
grees. 

paulisper  [unc.  form  of  tpaulo  + 
per,  cf.  uuper],  adv.,  a  little 
while,  for  a  -while,  a  while. 

paulus,  -a,  -um,  [?,  akin  to  pau- 
cus],  adj.,  a  little.  —  paulo,  abl. 
as  adv.,  a  little,  somewhat.  —  pau- 
lum,  ace.  as  adv.,  a  little,  a  -while, 
a  moment. 

pauper,  -eris,  [?],  adj.,  poor,  in 
humble  circumstances,  in  poverty, 
humble,  lowly. —  Masc.,  a  poor 
man. 

pauperies,  -ei,  [fpauper  +  ies], 
f.,  poverty,  htimble  circumstances. 

pausia  (-ea),  -ae,  [?],  f.,  an  olive 
(of  a  special  kind). 

pa  v  id  us,  -a,  -um,  [tpavo-,  of  unc. 
kin.,  cf.  paveo],  adj.,  timid,  trem- 
bling, frightened,  in  alarm,  awed, 
awe-stricken,  in  awe,  anxious. 

pavito,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [tpa- 
vito-  (as  p.p.  of  paveo)],  i.  v.  n., 
tremble  (with  fear). 

pavor,  -oris,  [VPav  (c"f-  paveo) 
+  or],  m.,  fear,  terror,  dread, 
anxiety :  pavorpulsans  (anxious 
throbbing) . 

pax,  pacts,  [y'pac  (in  paclscor, 
perh.  pecus)],  f.,  peace,  pardon, 
favor.  —  pace,  abl.,  by  permission. 

peccatuni,  -I,  [n.  p.p.  of  pecco], 
\\.,  a  sin,  a  fault,  a  crime. 

pecco,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [?], 
I.  v.  n.,  sin,  err,  do  wrong. 

pecten,  -iiiis,  [pect  (as  root  of 
pecto)  -f  en  (cf.  unguen)],  m.,  a 
comb.  —  From  similarity,  a  sley  or 
teed  (the  instrument  by  which  the 
thread  is  beaten  into  place). — 
Perhaps  from  some  earlier  form  of 
the  instrument,  a  quill  ex  plectrum 
(with  which  the  strings  of  the  lyre 
were  struck). 

pecto,  pexi  (pexui),  pexum 
(pectitum),  pectere,  [  ^/pec  (cf. 
plecto),  akin  to  W/co>],  3.  v.  a., 
comb. 

pectus,  -oris,  [perh.  akin  to  pecto, 


cf.  pectinatus,  sloping  both  ways'], 
n.,  the  breast-bone,  the  breast,  the 
chest.  —  Fig.,  for  both  soul  and 
mind  (cf.  Eng.  heart,  head),  sup- 
posed by  the  ancients  to  be  situ- 
ated in  the  chest,  the  mind,  wis- 
dom, the  heart,  the  soul,  courage. 

pecuarius,  -a,  -um,  [tpecu  + 
arius],  adj.,  of  cattle.  —  Neut.  pi., 
herds. 

peculiiini,  -I  (-11),  [tpeculi  (tpecu 
+  lis)  +  ium],  n.,  (a  slave's  cat- 
tle), property  (of  a  slave). 

pecus,  -oris,  [prob.  y/pac,  bind  (in 
paciscor)  +  us],  n.,  cattle,  a 
flock,  a  herd,  a  stttd,  sheep.  —  Less 
exactly,  a  herd  (of  wild  animals), 
a  swarm. 

pecus,  pecudis,  [prob,  tpecu  + 
dus  (reduced)],  m.  and  f.,  a  beast 
(of  any  kind  of  cattle),  a  brute. — 
Esp.,  a  sheep,  a  victim  (for  sacri- 
fice).—  Plur.,  beasts,  brutes,  flocks, 
herds. 

pedes,  -itis,  [tped  (as  if  pedi-)  + 
tis,  or  -tus  (reduced)],  comm.  or 
adj.,  on  foot,  a  foot-soldier.  —  Col- 
lectively or  in  plur.,  infantry,  foot- 
soldiers,  the  foot. 

pedester  (-tris),  -tris,  -tre,  [tpe- 
dit  +  tris],  adj.,  of  the  foot  (sol- 
diers) :  acies  (of  the  foot);  pugna 
(infantry). 

pedica,  -ae,  [tped  (as  if  pedi-)  + 
ca,  cf.  manica],  f.,  a  fetter,  a 
slip-noose,  a  spring, 

peduiu,  -i,  [perh.  akin  to  pes],  n., 
a  crook  (of  a  shepherd),  a  staff 
(with  a  hooked  end). 

Pegasus,  -I,  [Gr.  n^otroj],  m.,  the 
winged  horse  of  the  Muses. 

prior,  see  inalus. 

pelagus,  -I,  [Gr.  WAeryos],  n.,  the 
sea,  a  sea,  the  deep. 

Pelasgus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  n«\a<ryoi], 
adj.,  Grecian  (from  the  supposed 
ancient  inhabitants).  —  Masc.  pi., 
the  Greeks. 

1'rlrthronii,  -orum,  [Gr.  n«A«- 
0/><W>i],  m.  plur.,  a  name  of  the 
Lapithae  from  a  town  or  tribe  in 
Thcssaly  where  the  Lapithue  dwelt. 


Vocabulary. 


203 


Pelias,    -ae,    [Gr.  IltAfas],    m.,    a 

Trojan. 

Pelides,  -ae,  [Gr.  nrjAefSrjs],  m.,  son 
(descendant)  of  Peleus.  —  Esp.,  of 
Achilles  his  son,  and  Pyrrhus  his 
grandson. 

Pelioii,  -if,  [Gr.  IH}Aio«/],  n.,  a 
mountain  of  Thessaly,  fabled  to 
have  been  used  by  the  giants  in 
scaling  Olympus.  Saturn  also  fled 
thither  in  the  form  of  a  horse. 

Pellaeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  neAAa?os], 
adj.,  of  Pella  (the  birthplace  of 
Alexander  of  Macedon) .  —  Also, 
Alexandrian  (of  Alexandria  in 
Egypt,  founded  by  Alexander) .  — 
Less  exactly,  Egyptian. 

pellax,  -acls,  [per-lax  (root  of 
lacio  as  stem,  cf.  pellicio],  adj., 
alluring,  enticing,  deceitful. 

pell  is,  -is,  [akin  to  WAAa,  ire'Aos], 
f.,  a  skin,  a  hide. 

pello,  pepuli,  pulsum,  pellere, 
[?,  akin  to  7raAAo>],  3>v.  a.,  strike, 
thrust,  beat.  —  Also  of  the  effect, 
drive  away,  drive  back,  overcome, 
conquer,  beat,  chase,  repel,  repulse, 
expel,  banish,  reject.  —  Fig.,  dis- 
pel, banish,  remove,  drive  out  : 
lacrimas  (ilry  up) ;  pestis  pulsa 
(heal) ;  hiemem  {put  to  flight). 
—  Also,  set  in  motion,  move,  im- 
pel, strike. —  pulsus,  -a,  -inn,  p.p. 
in  all  meanings.  —  Also,  echoing, 
clashing,  flying,  a  fugitive,  strick- 
en :  quo  amor  nostri  (whither 
/led,  &c.). 

IVIoprius,  -a,  -11111,  [Gr.  IleAo- 
•jr^ios],  adj.,  of  Pelops  :  moenia  (of 
Arm  is,  the  chief  city  of  the  Pelo- 
ponnesus). 

Pelops,  -opis,  [Gr.  IleAo^],  m.,  the 
son  of  Tantalus  and  father  of 
Atreus.  He  was  served  up  as  food 
for  the  gods  by  his  father,  restored 
to  life  by  Jupiter,  and  furnished 
with  an  ivory  shoulder  in  place  of 
the  one  eaten  at  the  banquet.  He 
gained  control  of  the  Pelopon- 
nesus, which  was  named  for  him. 

Pelorus  (-um),  -I,  [Gr.  ru'Acopor], 
m.  and  n.,  a  promontory  on  the 


northeast  coast  of  Sicily,  now  Capo 
di  Faro,  one  of  the  headlands  of 
the  Straits  of  Messina. 

pelta,  -ae,  [Gr.  WAnf],  f.,  a  shield 
(small  and  light  and  curved,  used 
by  barbarians,  cf.  clipeus,  the 
round  shield  of  the  Greeks,  and 
scutum,  the  oblong  shield  of  the 
Romans). 

Pelusiacus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Uij\ov- 
oia/cJj],  adj.,  ofPelusium  (a  city  of 
Egypt).  —  Less  exactly,  Egyptian. 

penate"s,  -ium,  [prob.  fpenu-  (re- 
duced) +  atis,  dwellers  in  the  inner 
house\,  m.  plur.,  the  Penates,  the 
household  gods,  gods  of  the  house- 
hold, or  of  the  state  considered  as 
a  household.  What  particular  di- 
vinities, if  any,  they  represented  is 
uncertain,  as  is  also  their  relation 
to  the  Lar  or  Lares,  with  whom 
they  have  much  in  common.  Their 
images,  apparently  of  small  size, 
were  kept  in  the  interior  of  the 
house  and  carried  with  the  family 
in  migrations.  —  Fig.,  a  home,  a 
house,  a  habitation,  an  abode,  a 
dwelling. 

pendeo,  pependi,  no  sup.,  pen- 
dere,  [fpendo-  (^/pend  +  us,  cf. 
peudulus)],  2.v.  n.,  hang,  be  sus- 
pended, overhang,  hover,  lean  for- 
ward, swing,  droop,  be  perched. — 
Also,  linger,  be  suspended  (o{  work). 

pendo,  pepeiidi,  pensum,  pen- 
dere,  [?,  cf.  pendulus,  pendeo, 
y'pend],  3.  v.  &.,(hang,  suspend). 
— Esp.,  weigh  (hang  on  steelyards). 
—  Fig., pay,  suffer  (a  penalty). 

pene,  see  paene,  the  proper  spelling. 

Peneius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  n^^io*], 
adj.,  of  the  Peneus,  Petition. 

Peneleus,  -ei  (-eos),  [Gr.  nrji'f- 
Aeyy],  m.,  a  leader  of  the  Boeotians 
in  the  Trojan  war.  f^ 

penes  [prob.  ace.  n.  of  adj. -stem 
akin  to  penitus,  penetro],  prep., 
in  the  power  of:  imperium  te 
penes  (defends  on  you). 

peiietrabilis,  -e,  [fpenetra-  (of 
penetro)  +  bilis],  adj.,  penetra- 
ble. —  Act.,  piercing,  penetrating. 


204 


Vocabulary. 


penetralis,  -e,  [fpenetro-  (cf. 
pciictru,  reduced)  +  alls],  adj., 
of  the  interior,  inner,  interior, 
inmost,  within. —  Neut.  plur.,  the 
interior,  the  inmost  recesses,  the 
inner  shrine,  a  sancttiary. 

peuetro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [  fpene- 
tro-  (fpene  +  trus,  cf.  penes, 
pen i i  us,  penus)],  I.  v.  a.,  set 
ivithin,  put  inside.  —  Without  im- 
mediate object,  but  with  ace.  of 
end  of  motion,  penetrate,  enter,  go 
•within,  make  one's  way  into. 

Peneus,  -1,  [Gr.  IlTjctio's],  m.,  a 
river  of  Thessaly  flowing  through 
the  vale  of  Tempe. 

pen  it  us  [stem  akin  to  penes -ftus, 
cf.  divinitus],  adv.,  from  within. 
—  Also  (cf.  hinc),  within,  far, 
far  down,  far  away,  deeply. —  Fig., 
utterly,  wholly,  entirely. 

peiiua  (pin-),  -ae,  [  y'pet  (in  peto, 
cf.  irirvT}fj.i)  +  na],  f.,  a  wing,  a 
feather,  a  plume. 

peiiuatus,  -a,  -inn,  [fpenna  +  tus, 
cf.  armatus],  adj.,  feathered, 
winged. 

pensum,  -I,  [n.  p.p.  of  pendo],  n., 
•wool  (weighed  out  as  a  task  for 
spinning),  a  task. 

Peiithesilea,  -ae,[Gr.  nev6tffi\tia], 
f.,  the  queen  of  the  Amazons  who 
fought  in  the  Trojan  war. 

IVnt  liens,  -ei  (-eos),  [Gr.  n«;/0et5s], 
m.,  a  king  of  Thebes  who  despised 
the  rites  of  liacchus,  and  was  torn 
in  pieces  by  his  mother  and  sisters. 
He  was  also  supposed  to  have  been 
driven  mad  by  the  Furies,  and  this 
myth  was  often  dramatically  treated. 

penuria,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  poverty,  scar- 
city:  edendi  (want  of  food}. 

prims,  -us  (-1),  [?,  akin  to  penes, 
penitus,  Penates,  prob.  inner 
store-room^,  m.  and  f.,  provisions, 
store. 

peplum,  -i,  [Gr.  WirAoy],  n.,  a  robe 
(for  women,  a  large  and  splendid 
outer  mantle).  —  Esp.,  the  state 
robe  carried  in  procession  at  Athens 
and  offered  to  Pallas  Athene  every 
five  years. 


per  [petrified  case-form,  cf.  irctpa], 
prep.,  through,  by,  over,  /// 
out,  along,  among,  across,  </// 
per  aras  (by) ;  per  aures  (to) ; 
per  annos  (for) ;  per  augurium 
(into). —  Fig.  (cf.  ob),  through, 
by  means  of,  by,  on  account  of.  — 
In  adjurations,  by.  —  As  adv.  in 
comp.,  through,  thoroughly,  over, 
&c.,  see  perago,  percurro,  per- 
eo,  perlidus. 

peractus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  pcrago. 

perago,  -egi,  -actuin,  -agerc, 
[per-ago],  3.  v.  a.,' perform  (to  the 
end.), finish,  complete,  accomplish). 
—  Also,  go  over  (cf.  ago),  con- 
sider. 

peragro,  -avi,   at  inn,  -are,  [tper- 
agro-  (cf.peregre,  peregrin  us     . 
I.  v.  a.,  wander  over,  roam 
traverse,  prowl  around. 

percello,  -cull,  -culsum,  -cellere, 
[per-fcello  (cf.  procella,  cc- 
lox)],  3.  v.  a.,  strike  (through), 
strike  down,  fell,  over-whelm.  — 
P'ig.,  lay  prostrate. —  Also,  IIHTC, 
affect,  strike.  —  perculsus,  -a, 
-uni,  p.p.,  stricken,  smitten,  filled, 
inspired. 

percipio,  -cepi,  -ceptuni,  -clpere, 
[per-capio],  3.  v.  a.,  take  in, 
gather,  receive. —  Fig.,  hear,  no- 
tice, understand,  learn. 

perculsus,  -a,  -HIM,  p.p.  of  per- 
cello. ^ 

percurro,  -cucurri(-curri),-cur- 
suiii,  -currerc,  [per-curro],  3. 
v.  a.,  run  over  or  through  (lit.  and 
fig.):  nomina  ;  pectin  e  telas  : 
nimbos  (fierce,  traverse). 

pcrcussus,  -a,  -inn,  p.p.  of  per- 
cutio.^ 

percutio,  -cussi,  -cussuin,  -cu- 
tere,  [per-quatio],  3.  v.  a.,  strike 
(with  violence),  beat. — Fig.,  strike, 
move,  a(/ 

perditus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  perdo. 

perdo,  -didi,  -dituin,  -dere,  [per- 
do, cf.  pereo,  intereo,  and  Gr. 
•7r«pt],  3.  v.  a.,  destroy,  ruin. — Also, 
lose.  —  perditus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as 
adj.,  ruined,  desperate,  wretched. 


Vocabulary. 


205 


perdueo,   -duxl,   -duotiim,   -du- 

ccrc,  [per-duco],  3.  v.  a.,  lead  to, 
l>r  ing  to. — Also,  cover  over,  anoint. 

peredo,  -edi,  -esum,  -cdere,  [per- 
edo],  3.  v.  a.,  devour,  consume, 
waste  a~vuv,  gnati'. 

peregrinus,  -a,  -um,  [fperegro- 
(cf.  peregre)  +  inus],  adj.,  from 
far  ii'.oiiv,  from  abroad,  foreign. 

pcrcmpt  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  per- 
iino. 

pcrcniiis  (-ennius),  -c,  [per-fan- 
no-  (weakened  and  decl.  as  adj.)], 
adj.,  eternal,  perpetual,  everlast- 
ing, nn  living. 

pereo,  -Ivi  (-ii),  -ituni,  -fro,  [per- 
eo,  cf.  perdo],  irr.  v.  n.  (a  kind 
of  pass,  of  perdo),  go  to  ruin, 
perish,  l>e  destroyed,  fall,  die,  be 
slain.  - —  Ksp.  of  love,  die  of  love, 
pine  away. —  Less  exactly,  be  un- 
done, I>L'  ruined. 

pererratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  per- 
erro. 

pererrS,  -avi,  -aturn,  -arc,  [per- 
erro],  I.  v.  a.,  wander  over,  roam 
over. — Less  exactly  and  fig.,  spread 
through,  scan,  examine,  search, 
survey. 

peresus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  peredo. 

perfeetus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  perlieio. 

perfero,  -tuli,  -latum,  -ferre, 
[per-fero],  irr.v.  a.,  carry  through, 
maintain  (to  the  end),  keep  up, 
retain.  -  Also,  bring,  carry  off, 
fonve\<,  bear,  bring  news  :  perfer 
te  (proceed,  go  on~)  •  hasta  per- 
lata  {forcecLtkrougK). — Also,  bear 
(to  the  end),  endure,  suffer,  have 
to  bear. 

perficio,  -fed,  -fcctum,  -fieere, 
[per-facio],  3.  v.  a.,  perform,  eom- 
plete,  finish,  accomplisli.  —  Also, 
make,  work,  fashion. 

pcrfidus,  -a,  -um,  [per-fidus,  cf. 
pcriiirus],  &<§.,  false,  perfidious, 
treaclierous. 

pprflo,  -avi,  -situin,  -are,  [per- 
flo],  r.  v.  a.,  blow  over. 

pcrfodio,  -fodi,  -fossiim,  -fodoro, 
[per-fodio],  3.  v.  a.,  fierce,  pene- 
trate, make  a  breach  in,  burst  open. 


perforo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [per- 
foro], I.  v.  a., pierce,  penetrate. 

perfossus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  per- 
fodio. 

pcrfractus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  per- 
friugo. 

perfringo,  -fregi,  -fractum, 
-f  riiigere,  [per-frango],  3.  v.  a., 
break  through,  crush. —  Also,  force 
through,  accomplish  (by  force). 

perfundd,  -fudi,  -fusum,  -fuii- 
dere,  [per-fundo],  3.  v.  a.,  pom- 
over. —  With  change  of  point  of 
view,  drench,  drown,  bedew,  sprin- 
kle, balhe,  plunge,  moisten,  wash, 
dip,  dye. 

perf uro,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -furere, 
[per-furo],  3.  v.  n.,  rave  wildly. 

Pergameus,  -a,  -um,  [fPergaino 
-f  eus],  adj.,  of  Pergamum,  of 
Troy,  Trojan.  —  Fern., Pergamea, 
the  name  given  by  /Eneas  to  his 
city  in  Crete. 

Pergamum,  -I,  (-a,  -orum),  [Gr. 
Ilepya/uoc],  n.,  the  citadel  of  Troy. 

pergo,  perrexi,  perrectum,  per- 
gere,  [per-rego],  3.  v.  n.,  keep  on, 
proceed,  advance,  go  on. 

porhibeo,  -hibul,  -hibitum,  -hi- 
berc,.  [per-habeo],  2.  v.  a.,  hold 
out,  bring  forward.  —  Esp.,  report, 
assert,  say,  declare,  call. 

periculum  (-clum),  -I,  [fperi- 
(of  perior,  cf.  experior)  +  cu- 
lum],  n.,  a  trial,  an  attempt.  — 
Also,  peril,  hazard,  risk,  danger. 

Peridia,  -ae,  [Gr.  ITcptSfa],  f.,  the 
mother  of  Onytes. 

perimo,  -emi,  -emptum,  -ere, 
[per-emo],  3-v.a.,  destroy,  kill,  slay. 

Periplias,  -antis,  [Gr.  Hep^as], 
in.,  a  companion  of  Pyrrhus  at  the 
sack  of  Troy. 

pcritiis,  -a,  -um,  [p.p.  of  fperior, 
see  experior],  adj.,  experienced, 
skilled,  skilful. 

perifi  ri  um,  -i,  [fperiuro-  (reduced) 
+  ium],  n.,  perjury. 

periurus, -a, -um,  [per-fiur-,  decl. 
as  adj.,  cf.  perfidus],  adj.,  per- 
jured. 


206 


Vocabulary. 


perlabor,  -lapsus,  -labi,  [per-la- 
bor],  3.  v.  dep.,  glide  over,  glide 
through. —  Fig.,  spread  to,  reach. 

perlatus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  per- 
fero. 

perlego  (pellego),  -legl,-lectum, 
-legere,  [per-lego],  3.  v.  a.,  sur- 
vey, scan. 

permensus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  per- 
metior. 

Permessus,  -I,  [Gr.  nep/MjoWs], 
m.,  a  river  of  Boeotia  flowing  from 
Mt.  Helicon,  sacred  to  Apollo  and 
a  favorite  haunt  of  the  Muses. 

permetior,  -mensus,  -inetiri, 
[per-metior] ,  4.  v.  dep.,  measure 
over,  traverse. 

permisceo,  -miscui,  -mixtum 
(-mistuin),  miscere,  [per-mis- 
ceo],  2.  v.  a.,  mix  (thoroughly), 
in  ingle.  —  permixtus,  -a,  -um, 
p.p.,  mingled,  mixed,  mingling, 
united. 

permissus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  per- 
mitto. 

permitto,  -mlsi,  -missum,  -mit- 
tcrc,  [per-mitto],  3.  v.  a.,  let  go 
by  or  through,  give  up,  give  over, 
commit,  consign.  — fvg.tallow,fer- 
mif,  grant:  permisso  nomine 
(iising  the  name  by  permission}. 

permixtus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  per- 
misceo. 

pertnulc.co,  -mulsi,  -mulsum 
(-(•turn),  -muleere,  [per-mul- 
ceo],  2.  v.  a.,  stroke.  —  Fig.,  soothe. 

permutu,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [per- 
muto],  I.  v.  a.,  exchange  (some- 
thing with  one). 

pernix,  -Icis,  [?],  adj.,  active,  agile, 
swift. 

pernox, -noctis,[per-tnocti-(decl. 
as  adj.)],  adj.,  through  the  night 
(with  force  of  adverb). 

pero,  -onis,  [?],  m.,  a  boot  (rough 
and  heavy,  used  by  soldiers  and  the 
like). 

perodi,  -osus,  -odisse,  [per-odi], 
def.  v.  a.,  utterly  hate,  execrate, 
curse.  —  pcrdsus,  -a,  -um,  p.p. 
in  act.  sense. 

perostis,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  perodi. 


perpessns,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  perpe- 
tior. 

perpetior,  -pessus,  -peti,  [per- 
patior],  3.  v.  dep.,  suffer,  endure, 
undergo.  —  Also,  allow,  permit, 
suffer. 

perpetuus,  -a,  -um,  [per-tpetuus 
(Vpet,  in  peto  +  uus)],  adj., 
continuing,  continuous,  entire. — 
Of  time,  continual,  constant,  inces- 
sant. 

perplexus,  -a,  -um,  [per-plexus 
(p.p.  of  pleeto)],  adj.,  confused, 
entangled,  intricate. 

perrumpo,  -rfipl,  -ruptum,  -rum- 
pere,  [per-rumpo] ,  3.  v.  a.,  break 
through,  break  across :  tellurem 
{plough  across). 

persentio,  -sensi,  -sensum,  -sen- 
tire,  [per-sentio],  4.  v.  a.,  feel 
(deeply) ,  perceive. 

persequor,  -secutus,  -sequi,  [per- 
sequor],  3.  v.  dep.,  follow  up,  pur- 
sue. 

persido,  -sedl,  -sessum,  -sidere, 
[per-sido],  3.  v.  n.,  settle  through, 
penetrate,  sink  in. 

Persis,  -idis,  [Gr.  Ilepo-fo],  f.,  the 
original  country  of  the  Persians.  — 
Less  exactly,  Persia,  the  whole 
region  occupied  by  the  kingdom  of 
the  Persians. 

persolvo,  -solvi,  -solutum,  -sol- 
vci-c,  [per-solvo],  3.  v.  a.,  pay  in 
full,  pay,  render,  give  in  payment. 

persono,  -m,  -itum,  -are,  [per- 
sono],  I.  v.  n.  and  a.,  sound 
through  or  over,  cause  to  resound, 
souiul :  cithara  {play). 

persto,  -stiti,  -stfitum,  -stare, 
[per-sto],  I.  v.  n.,  stand  firmly. 
—  Fig.,  pe rsist,  remain  unnio-'ed, 
remain  fixed. 

l>crsirin«ro,  -striuxl,  -strietum, 
-stringere,  [per-stringo],  3-v.a., 
graze,  touch  lightly. 

persuadeo,-suasi,  -siiiisum,  -suii- 
dere,  [per-suadeo],  2.  v.  n.  and  a., 
induce  (by  persuasion),  induce  to 
believe,  persuade, 

pertaesum,  see  taedet. 

pertempto  (-tento),  -Svi,  -atum, 


Vocabulary. 


207 


-are,  [per-tempto],  i.  v.  a.,  try 
(thoroughly).  —  Fig.,  pervade, 
seize,  ft  II,  possess  :  gaudia  pectus  ; 
sensus  lues  ;  corpora  tremor. 

perterreo,  -terrul,  -territuin, 
terrere,  [per-terreo],  2.  v.  a., 
terrify,  alarm,  frighten.  —  per- 
territus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.,  panic- 
stricken,  in  alarm. 

perterritus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  per- 
terreq. 

perveniu,  -veni,  -ventum,  -ve- 
nire, [per-venio],  4.  v.  n.,  come 
through,  arrive,  come,  reach  :  per- 
venimus  vivi  ut,  etc.  (Jived  to  see)  . 

perventus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  per- 
venio. 

perversus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  per- 


^ 

perverto,  -verti,  -versum,  -ver- 
tere,  [per-verto],  3.  v.  a.,  over- 
turn, turn  awry.  —  perversus, 
-a,  -urn,  p.  p.  as  adj.,  awry.  —  Fig., 
perverse,  wrong-headed,  obstinate, 
bad  :  perverse  numine  (by  a  fatal 
impulse)  . 

porvigilo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [per- 
vigilo],  I.  v.  n.,  watch  (continu- 
ally), keep  watch. 

pervlus,  -a,  -um,  [per-fvia-,  decl. 
as  adj.],  adj.,  passable  :  usus  tec- 
torum  (a  much-used  passage,  &c.). 

pervolito,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [per- 
volito],  I.  v.  a.,  Jlit  around,  fly 
about. 

pervolo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [per- 
volo],  I.  v.  a.,  fly  through. 

pes,  pedis,  [  -^/ped  as  stem,  cf. 
irovs,  Eng.  foot],  m.,  the  foot. 
—  Also  of  animals,  a  foot,  a  hoof, 
a  claw,  a  paw,  a  leg  (of  an  in- 
sect) .  —  Often  represented  in  Eng. 
by  step  :  ferte  pedem,  come  ;  re- 
ferens  pedem,  retreating  ;  pedem 
tulisset,  turn  the  steps  :  pedem 
reportat,  retrace  his  steps  ;  aequo 
pede,  with  equal  pace  ;  pede  se- 
cundo,  with  favoring  steps  ;  re- 
trahit  pedes,  withdraws  ;  revo- 
cat  pedem,  draws  back.  —  Also, 
the  rope  at  the  Ic/iver  corner  of  a 
sail,  the  sheet:  facere  pedem, 


make  a  tack  (drawing  in  first  one 
and  then  the  other). 

pessimus,  -a,  -um ;  see  mains. 

pestifcr,  -era,  -erum,  [fpesti-fer 
(  ^/fer  +  us)  ],  adj.,  plague-bring- 
ing, pestilent. 

pestis,  -is,  [?],  f.,  a  plague,  a  pest, 
an  infection,  a  taint.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, a  calamity,  ruin,  destruction, 
mischief,  trouble.  —  Concretely,  a 
pest,  a  plague,  a  curse,  a  nuisance, 
vermin. 

Petilia  (-elia),  -ae,  [Gr.  nerrjA/a], 
f.,  a  city  on  the  Gulf  of  Tarentum, 
founded  by  Idomeneus. 

peto,  petivi  (-ii),  petitum,  pete- 
re,  [  -v/pet,  akin  to  ir'nrroi\,  3.  v.  a., 
(fall, fly,  in  various  modifications), 
go  to,  assail,  attack,  make  for,  fall 
upon,  aim  at,  seek  (go  to),  pursue: 
Troianos  monstra  (be  aimed  at) ; 
me  fraude  (aim  at) ;  peteretur 
Troia  (sail  to  {seek)  Troy) ;  ter- 
rain (fall  to) ;  exscidiis  urbem 
{plot  destruction  against) ;  aethe- 
ra  sol  (rise  in)  ;  thorax  petitus 
(hit).  —  From  the  idea  of  aiming 
at,  seek,  search  for,  look  for,  ask 
for,  ask,  beg,  desire,  watit,  be  in 
search  of:  quidve  petat  (what 
his  purpose)  ;  petentur  praemia 
(be  in  question). 

petulcus,  -a,  -um,  [fpetulo-  (re- 
duced, cf.  petulans)  -f  cus],adj., 
butting,  wanton. 

Phaeaces,  -um,  [Gr.  *aiWey],  m. 
plur.,  the  Phceacians,  the  mythic 
inhabitants  of  Corcyra,  famed  for 
their  luxury. 

Phaedra,  -ae,  [Gr.  *o?8/>a],  f.,  the 
wife  of  Theseus  and  daughter  of 
Minos.  She  became  enamored  of 
her  stepson  Hippolytus. 

Phaethon,  -ontis,  [Gr.  QaeOtav], 
m.,  a  son  of  the  Sun  who  drove  his 
father's  horses  to  prove  his  lineage. 
They  became  unmanageable,  and 
he  was  destroyed  by  a  thunder- 
bolt. His  sisters  mourning  for  him 
were  changed  into  poplars.  —  Also 
(perhaps  in  its  original  sense,  the 
bright  one),  a  name  of  the  Sun. 


208 


Vocabulary. 


Phaethontiades,  -inn,  [Gr.  patro- 
nymic], f.  pi.,  (he  sisters  ofPkethon. 

phalanx,  -angis,  [Gr.  <f>aAcry|],  f., 
a  phalanx  (a  body  of  Grecian 
troops). —  Less  exactly,  an  army, 
a  force,  a  battalion,  a  funeral  es- 
cort, a  train,  a  fleet. 

phalarica  (fal-),  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a 
falarica,  a  huge  spear  (used  by 
barbarian  nations). 

phalerac,  -arum,  [Gr.  <f>d\apa],  f. 
plur.,  an  ornament  (of  metal  plates 
worn  on  the  breast  of  soldiers),  a 
decoration,  —  A  similar  decoration 
on  horses,  trappings. 

Phaleris,  -is,  [?],  m.,  a  Trojan. 

Phanaeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  •fcavcuos], 
adj.,  of  Phana;  (a  place  in  Chios 
famous  for  its  wine).  —  Masc., 
P/iancean  (Chian)  -wine:  rex  ip- 
se  Phanaeus  {Phan&us  king  of 
wines) . 

pharetra,  -ae,  [Gr.  <f>apfrpa],  f.,  a 
quiver. 

pharetratus,  -a,  -um,  [fpharetra 
+  tus,  cf.  armatus],  adj.,  arnica1 
with  a  quiver,  quiver-bearing. 

Pharus,  -I,  [Gr.  *opos],  m.,  an 
Italian. 

phasclus,  -I,  [Gr.  $a.<rf\\os\,  m.  and 
f.,  a  bean.  —  Also,  a  skijf  (y&zA.  by 
the  Egyptians). 

Phasis,  -idis,  [Gr.  *ao-is],  m.,  a 
river  of  Colchis. 

Phegeus,  -el  (-eos),  [Gr.  *Try*us]f 
m. :  I.  A  slave  of  /Kneas ;  2.  A 
Trojan  (perhaps  two  of  the  same 
name) . 

Pheneus,  -I,  [Gr.  *<=Veoj],  f.,  a  town 
and  lake  in  Arcadia. 

i'heres,  -etis,  [Gr.  *6pr;s],  in.,  a 
Trojan. 

Phtllppi,  -orum,  [Gr.  *f\«nro«], 
in.  plur.,  a  town  of  Macedonia  near 
the  foot  of  the  range  of  llrcmus. 
It  was  famous  for  the  battle  be- 
tween Brutus  and  Cassius  on  the 
one  side  and  Octavius  and  Antony 
on  the  other,  by  which  the  (.'a-sarian 
party  was  established  in  power. 

Philoctetes,  -ae,  [Gr.  <J>iAoKT7/T7jy], 
m.,  a  celebrated  archer,  son  of 


Pa:an  king  of  Melibnea.  He  re- 
ceived from  Hercules  the  famous 
poisoned  arrows  on  which  depend- 
ed the  destruction  of  Troy.  Ac- 
cording to  a  legend  he  came  to 
Italy  after  the  Trojan  war  and 
founded  Petilia. 

Philomela,  -ae,  [Gr.  fciAo^Ai?], 
f.,  a  daughter  of  Pandion  king  of 
Thebes,  who  with  her  sister  Procne 
served  up  to  Tereus,  her  sister's 
husband,  his  son  Itys  prepared  for 
food.  They  were  all  changed  into 
birds,  Philomela  into  a  nightin- 
gale, for  which  bird  her  name  often 
stands. 

Philyrides,  -ae,  [Gr.  patronymic], 
m.,  son  of  Philyra  (beloved  by 
Saturn,  by  whom  she  became  the 
mother  of  the  centaur  Chiron). 

Phineus,  -el  (-eos),  [Gr.  *ii/eus], 
m.,  a  king  of  Thrace,  who  \\a> 
struck  blind  and  afterwards  tor- 
mented by  the  Ilarpys. 

Phineius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  •fri^ios], 
adj.,  of  Phineus. 

Phlegethon,  -ontis,  [Gr.  <b\ty(- 
flctn'],  m.,  a  river  of  fire  in  Hades. 

Phlegj'as,  -ae,  [Gr.  *A«7uasJ,  in., 
a  king  of  Orchomenus  in  IWotia, 
father  of  Ixion,  who  burned  the 
temple  of  Apollo  to  avenge  the 
seduction  of  his  daughter  by  that 
divinity,  and  who  was  punished  in 
the  Infernal  regions  for  this  act  of 
impiety. 

phora,  -ae,  [Gr.  <p<aKn~\,  L,  a  seal,  a 
sea-calf.  _ 

Phoebe,  -es,  [Gr.  *ot/8»?],  f.,  a  name 
of  Diana  (Artemis)  as  goddess  of 
the  moon  (cf.  Phoebus). 

Phoeheiis,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  <J>o/>3e«>r], 
adj.,  of  Pha-lnis  (Apollo  or  the 
Sun)." 

PlH>eb5goiia,-ae,[tPhoeb6-(weak- 
ened)  -fgena  (cf.  nubigeiia)], 
in.,  son  of  Piwbits  (/Ksculapius). 

Phoebus,  -I,  [Gr.  4>or#os],  m.,  a 
name  of  Apollo  as  god  of  the  sun 
(///</  A'/'/;'///  o>l e). — Also,  ///,•  SHU. 

I'liocuiccs,  -um,  [Gr. 4>olytKcsl, m. 
plur.,  ///,•  Plnrnicians  (the  inhab- 


Vocabulary. 


209 


itants  of  Phoenicia,  the  coast-land 
east  of  the  Mediterranean.) 

Phoonissa,  -ao,  [Gr.  Qoiviaffa,  f.  of 
$oivi£],  f.  adj.,  Phccnician. —  As 
subst.,  a  Phtxnician  woman  (used 
of  Dido). 

Phoenix,  -icis,  [Gr.  4>o?i/<|],m.,  the 
instructor  of  Achilles  and  his  com- 
panion in  the  Trojan  war. 

Pholoe,  -es,  [Cir.  *oA<foj],  f.,  a  fe- 
male slave. 

Pholus,  -I,  [Gr.  *o>A.os],  m.:  I.  A 
centaur,  the  host  of  Hercules,  hut 
accidentally  slain  by  one  of  his 
guest's  arrows  ;  2.  A  Trojan. 

Phorbas,  -aiitis,  [Gr.  <f>o'p;3as],  m., 
a  sailor  of  .Kneas'  fleet. 

Phoroiis,  -I  (-ys),[Gr.*<{/)Kos(-us)], 
in.:  I.  A  sea-divinity;  2.  A  Latin. 

Phrygius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  #pu-yios], 
adj.,  Phrygian.  —  Less  exactly, 
Trojan. — Fein.  (sc.  terra),  Phry- 
gia,  the  country  of  Asia  Minor  of 
which  Troy  was  a  small  district. — 
Fem.plur.(as  subst.),  the  Phrygian 
women,  the  Trojan  women. 

Phryx,  Phrygis,  [Or.  *fw£],  in., 
<?  Phrygian.  —  Less  exactly,  a 
Trojan. 

Phthla,  -ae,  [Gr.*fli'a],  f.,  a  district 
of  Thessaly,  (lie  home  of  Achilles. 

Phyllis,  -idls,  [Gr.  <J>vAA.i$],  f.,  a 
rustic  woman. 

Phyllodooe,  -es,  [Gr.  *u\A.o8<fojj], 
f.,  a  Nereid. 

plaouliun,  -I,  [fpia-  (of  pio)  + 
culum],  n.,  an  expiatory  rite  or 
offering,  a  purification:  commissa 
piacula  (atonement  for  guilt  in- 
curred}, 

piceus,  -a,  -um,  [tpic+eus],  adj., 
of  pilch,  pitchy. — Less  exactly,  dark 
(like  the  smoke  of  pitch),  thick, 
lurid,  smoky:  flumen  (thick  and 
dark,  of  sweat  and  dust)  ;  turbo 
(pitch-black  wreaths}  ;  caligo  (of 
burning  pitch).  —  Fern.,  (sc.  ar- 
bor), a  fine  tree. 

pictfira,  -ae,  [fpictu+ra  (f.  of 
rus),  cf.  figuraj,  f.,  a  painting,  a 
picture. 

pieturStus,  -a,  -um,  [tpictura  + 


tus,  cf.  armatus],  adj.,  embroi- 
dered, iv r ought  with  designs. 

pictus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  pingo. 

PIcus,  -I,  [pious,  woodpecker^,  m., 
a  mythic  king  of  Italy,  son  of  Sa- 
turn and  father  of  Faunus,  changed 
into  a  woodpecker  by  Circe. 

Plericles,  -um,  [Gr.  ritep/Sfs],  f.  pi., 
the  Muses,  so  called  from  their 
haunt  Pieria  in  Thessaly. 

piotas,  -tatis,  [fpio  +  tas],  L,Jilial 
affection,  dutiful  love,  filial  piety. 
— Hence,  reverence  (for  the  gods), 
piety,  devotion. — Also  (reciprocal- 
ly ),  justice  (recognition  of  piety). 

piger,  -gra,  -grum,  [  y/pig  (in 
piget)  -f-  rus  (reduced)],  adj., 
slothful,  slow,  sluggish. 

piget,  -uit,(-itum  est),-ere,  [unc. 
adj. -stem,  cf.  piger],  2.  v.  impers., 
//  irks,  one  regrets,  one  is  loth,  one 
loathes,  it  is  irksome. 

pignus,  -oris,  [prob.  pang  (as  root 
i  if  pango)  +  us],  n.,  a  pledge  (de- 
posited as  security) . — Less  exactly, 
a  wager,  a  stake.  —  Fig.,  a  security, 
a  pledge,  a  sign  (as  by  giving  the 
hand), a  token  (as  a  gift) .  —  So  of 
children,  pledges. 

plla,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  pier,  a  mole. 

l»  hit  us,  -a,  -um,  [tpilo  +  tus,  cf. 
armatus],  adj.,  armed  with  the 
javelin. 

plleiitum,-!,  [prob.  akin  to  pileus, 
on  account  of  the  wool  or  felt  cov- 
ering], n.,  a  carriage,  with  four 
wheels  and  covered,  used  for  car- 
rying sacred  emblems,  utensils,  &c., 
and  later  employed  by  Roman 
women. 

pfliim,  -I,  [perh.  akin  to  pinso  |, 
n.,  a  pestle.  —  Also,  a  javclin*-(\he. 
heavy  spear  used  by  the  Romaic). 

l'i  1  imimis,  -I,  [fpilo  +  rnnus,  cf. 
( '>r.  -juecos],  m.,  an  old  Latin  di- 
vinity or  deified  king,  an  ancestor 
of  Turnus,  represented  with  a 
pestle. 

Piimrius,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  a  Ro- 
man gentile  name  (which  are  all 
originally  adj.)  :  domus  (the  fam- 
ily of  tJie  Pinarii,  who  with  the 


2IO 


Vocabulary. 


Fotitii  first  assisted  at  the  rites  of 
Hercules). 

Piiidus,  -I,  [Gr.  ITiVSos] ,  m.,  a  moun- 
tain in  Thessaly. 

pineus,  -a,  -um,  [fpino-  (reduced) 
+  eus],  adj.,  of  pine,  of  pines. 

pingo,  pinxi,  pictum,  pingere, 
[y'pig],  3.  v.  a.,  paint,  dye,  color, 
embroider  (with  or  without  acu), 
ornament  (with  color).  —  pictus, 
-a,  -uin,  p.p.  as  adj.,  embroidered, 
painted,  particolored,  spotted,  va- 
riegated, wrought  (with  color), 
ornamented  (with  designs). 

pinguesco,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -esce- 
re,  [tpingui  +  sco,  cf.  pinguis], 
3.  v.  n.  incept.,  grow  fat,  grow  rich, 
become  fertile,  be  enriched. 

pinguis,  -e,  [  ?],  adj.,  fat,  rich,  resin- 
ous,  pitchy,  oily,  unctuous,  fertile, 
thick,  milky  (of  herbs) :  oves  (well- 
fed);  ara  (rich  in  victims'). 

pinifer,  -era,  -erum,  [fpino-fer 
[y'fer  +  us)],  adj.,  pine-bearing, 
pine-clad. 

pinna,  -ae,  [same  word  as  penna], 
f.,  a  turret  (part  of  a  fortification), 
a  battlement.  See  also  penna. 

pi  ii us,  -I  (-us),  [akin  to  pix,  itl-rvs}, 
f.,  a  pine  tree,  a  pine.  —  Of  things 
made  of  pine,  a  ship,  a  torch,  a 
shaft. 

pio,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [fpio-], 
I.  v.  a.,  purify. — Also,  appease, 
propitiate. — Hence,  expiate,  atone 
for. 

Pirithous,  -I,  [Gr.  Ilfjpi'floos],  m., 
a  son  of  Ixion  who  attempted  to 
carry  off  Proserpine  from  the  world 
below. 

pirns,  -I,  [?],  f.,  a  pear-tree. 

Pisa,  -ae,  [Gr.  mW],  f.,  a  city  of 
Klis  near  Olympia,  with  which 
town  it  was  sometimes  identified. 

I'isac,  -arum,  [?],  f.  plur.,  Pisa,  a 
city  of  Etruria,  supposed  by  the 
ancients  to  have  been  colonized 
from  Elis. 

piscis,  -is,  [?],  m.,  a  fish.  —  Also 
(usually  in  plur.),  Pisces,  the  con- 
stellation. 

pisc5sus,  -a,    -um,    [fpisci-    (re- 


duced) +  osus],  adj.,  /////  of  fish, 
fish-haunted. 

pistrix,  -icis,  [Gr.  iriVrpu],  f.,  a 
sea-monster.  —  As  name  of  a  ship, 
the  Pistrix. 

pi  us,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  filial,  de- 
voted'(to  parents) ,-pious,  virtu/ins, 
just.  —  Also,  pure,  holy,  sacred  : 
amor  (devoted} ;  far  {consecrat- 
ed}; sanguis  (innocent);  pio- 
rum  concilia  (of  the  blest) ;  nu- 
mina  (righteous,  cf.  pietas); 
maims  (pure). 

pix,  picis,  [akin  to  pinus  and 
irl-rvs,  cf.  irifrffa],  f.,  pitch. 

placabilis,  -e,  [tplaca-  (of  placo) 
+  bills],  adj.,  easy  to  be  entreated, 
placable,  gentle  :  ara  (propitious, 
where  sacrifices  easily  appease  the 
divinity) . 

plaeatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  placo. 

placoo,  placui,  placitum,  pla- 
oere,  [tplaco-(cf.placidus,pla- 
co,  Viriplaca)],  2.  v.  n.,  please, 
delight,  give  pleasure.  —  Often  to 

'  be  translated  by  a  change  of  con- 
struction, approve,  delight  in,  adopt. 
—  Also  impersonally,  it  is  one's 
-Mill,  one  determines,  it  is  deter- 
mined, it  is  thought  best.  —  placi- 
tus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  in  act.  sense, 
pleasing,  agreeable,  determined  on, 
decided :  placida  paci  oliva  (fa- 
vorable}; sic  placitum  (so  it  is 
fated);  ultra  placitum  (more 
than  is  agreeable). 

placide  [abl.  of  placidus],  adv., 
quietly,  gently,  peacefully. 

placidus,  -a,  -um,  [fplaco-  (cf. 
placeo)  +  dus],  adj.,  calm,  quiet, 
peaceful,  gentle,  placid,  kindly, 
propitious  :  palus  (gently-flowing, 
slotv) ;  aequora ;  pax  ;  aures ; 
urbes ;  pectus ;  os ;  caput ;  pla- 
cidum  ventis  mare  (stilled). 

placitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  placeo. 

placo,  -a vi,  -atum,  -are,  [fplaco- 
(cf.  Viriplaca)],  I.  v.  a.,  appease, 
pacify,  calm,  quiet. 

1.  plaga,    -ae,    [?],  f.,  a  region,  a 
quarter,  a  zone,  a  tract. 

2.  plaga,    -ae,    [Gr.    ir\t\yfi\\,  f.,    a 


Vocabulary. 


211 


blow,  a  stroke,  a  lash,  a  thrust,  a 
wound. 

3.  plaga,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  hunting- 
net,  a  snare. 

plango,  planxi,planctum,  plan- 
go  re,  [-v/plag>  akin  to  irA.T)<r<ro>, 
cf.  plaga],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  beat, 
strike.  —  From  beating  the  breasts 
in  mourning,  -wail,  cry.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, roar,  murmur. 

plaugor,  -oris,  [plang  (as  root  of 
plango)  +  or],  m.,  a  shriek,  an 
outcry. 

plaiiities,  -ei,  [fplano  +  ties,  cf. 
ainicltia],  f.,  a  plain,  a  level. 

plaiita,  -ae,  [akin  to  plaiius],  f., 
the  sole,  the  foot.  — Also,  a  scion,  a 
slip,  a  plant,  a  shoot. 

plantar! u in,  -I  (-11),  or  -are,  -is, 
[tplanta  +  arium  (n.  of  arius)], 
n.,  a  shoot,  a  scion. 

pianus,  -a,  -urn,  [akin  to  TAOTUS 
(perh.  ^/palin palor)], nd).,tevet, 
flat. — Neut.  as  subst.,  a  plain,  a 
level,  level  ground. 

platanus,  -I,  [Gr.  ir\ana.vos\,  f.,  a 
plane  tree. 

plauclo  (plo-),  plausi,  plausmn, 
plauderc,  [?],  3.  v.  a.  and  n., 
clap,  beat  (with  the  feet  or  hands), 
flap  (of  the  wings),  pat  (of  caress- 
ing) :  choreas  (dance  a  measure) . 

plans! ruin,  -i,  [^/plaud-j-  trum], 
n.,  a  cart,  a  wa^nn. 

plausus,  -us,  [plaud  (as  root  of 
plauclo)  +  tus],  m.,  clapping, 
flapping,  applause. 

plebs,  plebls,  [akin  to  plcnus  (cf. 
plcrique),  irA.7)0os],  f.,  the  multi- 
tude, the  common  people,  the  people, 
the  vulgar,  common  soldiers. 

Pleias,  -adis,  [Gr.  H\ijuis~],  f.,  a 
Pleiad,  one  of  the  seven  daughters 
of  Atlas  who  were  changed  into 
the  constellation  of  the  Pleiades. — 
Also,  one  of  the  stare.  —  Plur.,  the 
Pleiades,  the  constellation. 

Plemyrium,  -i  (-11),  [Gr.  n\t\^v- 
piov},  n.,  a  promontory  of  Sicily, 
near  Syracuse. 

plenus,  -a,  -urn,  [tple-  (of  pleo) 
+  nus,  cf.  plerlque],  adj.,  full, 


filled,  well-filled:  vox  (loud); 
flumina  (swelling);  annis  (com- 
pleted, mature) ;  mensa  (laden)  ; 
portae  (thronged) ;  ad  plenum 
(full,  to  (he  top) ;  campus  (crowd- 
ed, with  sheep). 

plerusque(masc.  not  found), -aque, 
-unique,  [plerus  (tple  +  rus,  cf. 
plenus)  -que  (cf.  nndique,  quis- 
que)],  adj.,  the  greater  part. — 
Neut.  as  adv.,  for  the  most  part, 
usually,  commonly. 

plico,  -avi  (-ui),  -a turn  (-itum), 
-are,  [-^/plic,  akin  to  irA.e'/co>], 
I.  v.  a.,  fold,  roll  up. 

pi nma,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  feathers. 

plumbum,  -1,  [?],  n.,  lead. 

pluo,  plul  (pluvl),  no  sup.,  plu- 
ere,  [-y/plu,  of  unc.  kin.],  3.  v.  a. 
and  n.,  rain,  rain  down,  shower 
down.  —  Impersonal,  it  rains. 

plurimus,  -a,  -um';  see  multus. 

plus,  see  multus. 

Pluton  (-6),  -oiiis,  [Gr.  nAoirrtoi/], 
m.,  Pluto,  the  brother  of  Jupiter 
and  Neptune,  the  king  of  the  lower 
world. 

pluvialis,  -e,  [fpluvio-  (reduced) 
+  alis],  adj.,  rainy.  —  Often  in 
the  sense  of  bringing  rain. 

pluvius,  -a,  -um,  [  ^/p\n  (in  pluo) 
+  ius],  adj.,  rainy,  shmvery  :  plu- 
vium  frigus  (cold  rain).  —  Fern, 
(sc.  aqua),  rain,  a  shmuer,  a  fall 
of  rain,  rainy  weather. 

poculum,  -I,  [  -^po  (cf.  poto)  + 
culum],  n.,  a  drinking-cup,  a  gob- 
let, a  bowl.  —  Less  exactly,  a  wa- 
tering-place, a  water-trough.  — 
Often,  as  in  Eng.,  for  the  liquid 
contained  in  the  vessel. 

podagra,  -ae,  [Gr.  iroSdypa],  f.,  the 
gout.  —  A  similar  disease  in  sheep. 

Podalirius,  -I  (-ii),  [Gr.  noSoAei'- 
PIOJ],  m.,  a  Trojan. 

poena,  -ae,  [\/Pu  On  P«rus,  with 
stem-vowel  and  strengthened)  + 
na,  cf.  irou/^],  f.,  a  penalty, 
punishment,  revenge,  vengeance. 
Regularly  regarded  as  a  penalty 
by  the  ancients,  and  hence  de- 
manded, taken,  received,  &c.,  by 


212 


Vocabulary. 


the  inflicter,  KO/A.  paid,  give ti,  owed, 
satisfied,  by  the  sufferer. 

Pocnus,  -a,  -inn,  [akin  to  *<>»//£, 
a  simpler  form  corrupted],  adj., 
Carthaginian  (properly  Phoeni- 
cian).—  Masc.  plur.,  the  Cartha- 
ginians. 

poenitet,  see  pacnitet. 

poeta,  -ac,  [Gr.  TTOITJTTJS]  ,  in.,  a  poet. 

polio,  -\\\  (-ii),  -itum,  -Ire,  [?], 
4.  \.  a.,  polish. 

Polites,  -ae,  [Gr.  noAirrjs],  m.,  a 
Trojan,  son  of  Priam. 

politus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  polio. 

pollcx,  -icis,  [?],  m.,  the  thumb. 

polliccor,  -licitas,  -licerl,  [por 
(old  prep.,  cf.  irpos)  -liceor],  2.  \. 
dep.,  offer,  promise  (voluntarily, 
cf.  promitto,/;-0;/m<?  on  request), 
engage. 

pollicitus,  -a,  -inn,  p.p.  of  polli- 
ccor. 

Pollio  (Pol-),  -onis,  [?],  m.,  a 
Roman  surname.  —  Esp.,  Caius 
Asinius  Pallia,  a  distinguished 
orator,  statesman,  and  author  of 
the  time  of  Augustus.  He  was  an 
intimate  friend  and  a  patron  of 
Virgil. 

polluo,  -1m,  -Ifitum,  -lucre,  [perh. 
por-luo],  3.  v.  a.,  pollute,  infect, 
dff,  In. — Lessexactly,z'zW0/V/pollu- 
tus  amor  {blighted,  disappointed} . 

Pollux,  -ucis,  [Gr.  noAuSewcjjs,  cor- 
rupted], m.,  one  of  the  sons  of 
Jupiter  and  Leda,  brother  of  Cas- 
tor, famed  as  a  pugilist.  Virgil 
alludes  to  his  skill  in  horsemanship, 
for  which  generally  his  brother  is 
famous.  Upon  the  death  of  Cas- 
tor, Pollux  obtained  permission  to 
relieve  his  brother  in  the  world 
below  by  alternately  taking  his 
place,  thus  sharing  with  him  his 
immortality. 

polus,  -I,  [(Jr.  WXoj],  m.,  the  pole 
(end  of  the  earth's  axis),  the  North 
pole,  //it'  Heavens. 

Polybotes,  see  Polyphonies. 

Polydorus,  -I,  [fir.  noAi55o>pos], 
m.,  a  son  of  Priam,  sent  to  Thrace, 
and  slain  by  Polymnester. 


Polyphemus,  -i,  [Gr.  rioAu^/tos], 
m.,  the  Cyclops  whose  eye  was  put 
out  by  Ulysses. 

Polyphoetes  (-botes),  -ao,  [Gr. 
noA.u<£oiT7js],  m.,  a  Trojan,  priest  of 
Ceres. 

Polytes,  see  Polites. 

Pometii,  -orum,  [?],  m.  plur., 
Suessa  Pometia,  a  city  of  the  Yol- 
sci,  in  the  region  of  the  Pomptine 
Marshes. 

pompa,  -ac,  [Gr.  TTO/MT^],  f.,  a  sa- 
cred procession,  a  sacred  rite,  a 
funeral  train. 

poimiin,  -I,  [?],  n.,  a  fruit  (apple, 
pear,  plum,  &c.,  cf.  baca,  a  small 
fruit} .  —  Less  exactly,  a  fruit-tree. 

pond  us,  -eris,  [^/pend  + us],  n., 
a  'iveight,  a  burden,  a  load,  a  heavy 
missile,  a  mass. 

pone  [perh.  akin  to  post],  adv.,  be- 
hind. 

pono,  posui,  positum,  ponere, 
[unc.  stem+sino,  cf.  pone],  3.  v.  a., 
(leave  behind!},  lay  down,  put 
doion. —  With  idea  of  loss  (lit.  and 
fig.),  lay  aside,  lose,  abandon,  drop, 
shed,  give  up,  yield  (of  fruits). — 
With  some  purpose,  place,  put,  set, 
found,  lay, set  up, put  up  (a  stake), 
set  on  foot  (a  contest),  serve  up, 
plant,  fix  (a  limit,  &c.),  assign  (a 
name),  lay  dawn  (for  rest),  deter- 
mine,pitch  (acamp),/Vtf<T£'  (hope), 
lay  (one's  fortunes  in  the  lap  of 
another),  lay  to  rest  (bury),  lay 
out  (a  body),  lay  low  (raze),  make 
(a  keel).  —  Inlrans.,  (sc.  se),  de- 
cline (of  winds),  go  </<w;/. 

puns,  pontis,  [?],  m.,  a  bridge,  a 
gangioay,  a  drawbridge,  a  floor  (of 
a  tower). 

pontus,  -i,  [Gr.  irdrros],  m.,  the  sea, 
a  wave. —  Esp.  (sc.  Kuxiimsi, 
the  Euxine,  the  Black  Sea. 

Pontus,  -i,  [Gr.  n<Woj],  m.,  the 
region  south  of  the  Black  Sea. 

poplcs,  -Itis,  [?],  m.,  the  ham  (the 
back  of  the  knee)  :  succiso  pop- 
lite  {cutting  the  cords  of  the  knee, 
with  the  hamstrings  cnt~) ;  dupli- 
cate poplite  {with  bent  knees'). 


Vocabulary. 


213 


popularis,  -e,  [fpopulo-  (reduced) 
+  aris],  adj.,/0//f?<7r,  of  the  people. 

popiilat us,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  populo. 

populous,  -a,  -uin,  [fpopulo-  (re- 
duced) +  eus],  adj.,  of  the  poplar, 
of  poplar,  poplar. 

populo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [prob. 
fpopulo-,  but  the  connection  is 
uncertain],  i.v. a.,  ravage,  despoil, 
lay  waste,  devastate,  plunder.  — 
Also  of  animals,/>vy  upon.  —  Pass, 
as  dep.  in  same  senses.  —  Of  a  river, 
devastate,  lay  waste  :  iter  (its  path) . 
—  populiit  us,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  in 
act.  and  pass,  sense :  tempora 
raptis  auribus  (despoiled}. 

Populoiiia,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  city  on 
the  coast  of  Etruria. 

populus,  -I,  [?],  f.,  a  poplar  tree, 
poplar  (the  leaves  in  a  crown). 
This  tree  was  sacred  to  Hercules. 

populus,  -I,  [redupl.  root  in  iro\vs 
(cf.  plebes)  +  us],  m.,  a  people,  a 
state,  a  nation,  a  tribe.  —  Also,  the 
common  people,  the  populace,  the 
crowd. — Poetically,  of  bees,  viewed 
as  social  and  intelligent. 

fpor  (port-),  [cf.  -rrpds,  irporl'],  a 
prep,  only  found  in  obscure  com- 
position. Apparently,  to,  towards, 
cf.  porricio,  polllceor,  por- 
temlo. 

porea,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  fig  (female),  a 
scnu. 

porgo,  see  porrigo. 

porrectus,-a,  -uin,  p.  p.  of  porrigo. 

porricio,  -eci,  -ectiini,  -icere, 
[prob.  por-iacio,  cf.  pollieeor], 
3.v.  a.,  cast  as  an  offering  (a  sacri- 
ficial word),  scatter,  offer. 

porrigo  (porgo),  -rexi,  -rectum, 
-rigere,  [por-rego],  3.  v.  a.,  stretch 
out,  extend,  hold  out.  —  Pass,  or 
with  reflexive,  extend. 

porro  [unc.  form  akin  to  pro,  por, 
and  irp&ffia],  adv.,  forward,  afar 
off,  beyond.  —  Of  time,  hereafter, 
in  later  times,  later. 

Porsena  (-enna),  -ae,  [prob.  an 
Etruscan  word],  m.,  a  king  of 
Etruria  who  attempted  to  restore 
the  banished  Tarquins. 


porta,  -ae,  [  y/por  (akin  to  portus, 
Tripos)  +  ta],  f.,  a  gate,  a  passage, 
an  entrance,  an  exit,  a  way  (in 
or  out)^ 

portendo,  -tendi,  -tentuin,  -ten- 
dere,  [por-tendo],  3.  v.  a.,  (a  re- 
ligious word,  hold  out},  portend, 
forebode,  foretell,  threaten. 

portentum,  -I,  [n.  p.p.  of  por- 
tendo], n.,  a  prodigy,  a  portent,  a 
sign,  an  omen. 

porticus,  -us,  [porta-  (weakened) 
-func.  stem  or  termination],  f.,  a 
colonnade,  a  gallery,  an  arcade. 

portitor,  -oris,  [prob.  fportu-  (or 
tporta)  +  tor,  cf.  viator,  but  cf. 
also  porto],  m.,  a  boatman,  a  fer- 
ryman. —  Esp.  of  Charon,  the  fer- 
ryman of  the  Styx. 

porto,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fporta- 
(or  fporto-,  or  fportu-)],  i.v.  a., 
convey  (perh.  orig.  of  merchan- 
dise), carry,  bear,  bring:  quern 
portat  equus  (wno  is  borne  on, 
&c.). —  Poetically:  te  septima 
aestas.  —  Also,  carry  off,  bear 
away.  —  Fig. :  bellum  (make,  de- 
clare). 

Portunus,  -I,  [fportu-  (length- 
ened) +  nus  (cf.  Vacuna)],  m., 
the  god  of  harbors. 

portus,  -us,  [VP01  (cf-  porta, 
Tropos)  +  tus],  m.,  (an  entrance), 
a  harbor,  a  haven.  —  I1 ig.,  a  ref- 
uge, a  haven. 

posco,  poposcl,  no  sup.,  -poscere, 
[?,  perh.  akin  to  preeor],  3-v.  a., 
ask,  beg,  demand,  claim,  require, 
call  for,  enquire  for  :  ventos  (in- 
voke} ;  poscente  nullo  (sponta- 
neously); fatis  poscentibus  (at 
the  call  of  the  fates}  ;  sic  ventos 
(require};  numina  (supplicate). 

positus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  pono. 

possessor,  -oris,  [por-sessor,  cf. 
possideo],  m.,  a  possessor,  an  oc- 
cupant (by  force),  a  master  (of 
property  by  occupation). 

possum,  potui,  posse,  [potis(-e) 
-sum],  irr.  v.  n.,  can,  be  able,  have 
po'wer.  —  Often  with  ace.  of  pron., 
have  power,  can  do.  —  potens, 


214 


Vocabulary. 


-cntis,  p.  as  adj.,  powerful,  great, 
mighty,  ruling  over,  master  of, 
potent:  potentum  munera  (the 
great};  potentes  terrae  (rulers 
of} ;  potens  promissi  Dea  (hav- 
ing accomplished} ;  seditions  po- 
tens (skilful}. 

post  [abl.  of  fposti-  (pos  -f  ti,  cf. 
pone),  cf.  postidea],  adv.,  (from 
behind},  behind,  after.  —  Of  time, 
later,  afterwards,  next,  hereafter, 
in  after  times.— Prep.,  behind,  after. 

fposterus,  -a,  -uni,  [fposti  +  rus], 
adj.,  coming  after,  following,  next. 
—  posterior,  -us,  -oris,  comp., 
later,  latter.  —  postremus  (pos- 
t ii inns .),  -a,  -um,  [postera  + 
imus  (cf.  supremus),  post  +  ti- 
mus  (cf.  intinms)],superl.,/rtto/, 
last,  lowest,  least.  —  Neut.  plur., 
the  rear.  —  postumus,  last,  post- 
humous (born  after  a  father's 
death). 

posthabeo,  -habui,  -habitum, 
-habere,  [post-habeo],  2.  v.  a., 
hold  in  less  esteem,  neglect,  post- 
pone (in  favor  of  something  else). 

post  h;i  l>it  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  post- 
habeo. 

post  hue  [post-hac,  cf.  postidea], 
adv.,  hereafter,  henceforth,  in  fu- 
ture. 

posthinc  [post-bine],  adv.,  here- 
after, then,  next,  thereupon. 

postis,  -is,  [perh.  fpos  (cf.  post, 
pone,  pono)  +  tis,  cf.  antae], 
m.,  a  doorpost,  a  pillar  (of  an  en- 
trance), a  column.  —  Less  exactly, 
a  door,  an  entrance. 

postquam  [post-quam],  adv.,  (later 
than},  after,  when,  as  soon  as,  since, 
nmv  that. 

postremus,  see  posterns. 

postumus,  see  posterus. 

potens,  -eiitis,  p.  of  possum. 

pot  cut  ia,  -ae,  [fpotent  +  ia],  f., 
pcnver,  might,  influence,  force, sway, 
rule :  dura  nostra  (exercise  of 
power);  mea  magna  (source  of 
power) . 

potestits,  -ta  tis,  [stem  akin  to  potis 
H-tas],  f.,  power,  might,  rule,  sway, 


opportunity,  chance :  potestatea 
herbarum  (virtues). 

potior,  -itus,  -Iri,  (potltur,  in  3.), 
[fpoti-],  4.  v.  dep.,  become  master 
of,  gain,  possess,  win,  gain  posses- 
sion of,  seize,  occupy,  secure :  au- 
so  (succeed  in} ;  campo  equus 
(gain}  ;  tellure(g»t»,  arrive  at ) . 

potior,  -us,  [prob.  comp.  of  potis], 
adj.,  preferable,  better,  more  de- 
sirable.—  potius,  neut.  as  adv., 
rather,  more. 

potis,  -e,  [prob.  akin  to  pater  and 
iroais],  adj., powerful,  able.- — Usu- 
ally not  declined :  potis  (pote) 
est,  be  able,  one  can,  be  possible. 
See  also  potior. 

Potitius,  -I  (-11),  [?],  m.,  a  Roman 
gentile  name  (prop.  adj.).  —  Esp. 
of  one  of  the  family  who  with  the 
head  of  the  Pinarii  assisted  at  the 
rites  of  Hercules. 

pot  it  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  potior. 

Potnias,  -adis,  [Gr.  UorvMs],  adj., 
of  Potniae,  a  town  of  Bceotia,  the 
residence  of  Glaucus,  son  of  Sisy- 
phus, whose  horses  went  mad  and 
tore  their  master  in  pieces.  There 
are  other  forms  of  the  story. 

poto,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fpoto- 
(freq.  of  lost  verb)]  i.  v.  a.,  drink. 
—  potans,  amis,  p.  as  subst. 
(plur.),  revellers,  drinkers.  See- 
also  potus  (-us),  potus,  -a,  -um. 

pot  us,  -us,  [-v/P°  (°f-  poculum) 
-f  tus],  m.,  a  drinking. — Esp.  ace. 
(as  supine  of  poto),  to  drink. 

potus,  -a,  -urn,  [p.p.  of  -y/po,  cf. 
poeulum],  p.p.,  act.  and  pass., 
being  drunk,  having  drunk. 

prae  [  ?,  same  stem  as  pro],  adv.  and 
prep.,  before,  in  front.  —  In  comp., 
before,  in  front,  at  the  extremity, 
very.  ^ 

praebeo,  -bui,  -hit  um,  -bere, 
[prae-habeo],  2.  \.  a.,  (hold out}, 
afford,  yield,  offer,  furnish. 

praecedo,  -cessi,  -cessum,  -ce- 
dere,  [prae-cedo],  3.  v.  a.  and 
fi.,go  before,  precede. 

praecelsus,  -a,  -um,[prae-celsus], 
adj.,  very  high,  lofty. 


Vocabulary. 


215 


pracrcps,    -cipitis,    [prae-caput 

(reduced,  and  decl.  as  adj.)], adj., 
head-foremost,  headlong,  in  {one's) 
haste,  with  speed,  speedy,  flying, 
sun  ft,  hurrying,  driven  headlong, 
plunging,  pell  mell. — Transferred, 
straight  downward,  precipitous  : 
in  praeceps  {straight  downward, 
perpendicularly} ;  in  praecipiti 
{straight  up  on  the  very  edge). 

praeceptum,  -i,  [n.  p.p.  of  prae- 
eipioj,  n.,  an  instruction,  an  in- 
junction, a  rule,  an  order,  a  charge, 
a  precept. 

praeceptus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  prae- 
cipio.^ 

praecido,  -cidi,  -cisum,  -cidere, 
[prae-caedo],  3.  v.  a.,  cut  off.  — 
praecisus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
steep,  precipitoTis. 

praecipio,  -cepi,  -ceptum,  -ci- 
perc,  [prae-capio],  3.  v.  a.,  take 
beforehand  :  spe  hostem  {conquer 
in  advance) ;  aestus  lac  {dry  up, 
in  advance) .  —  Also,  prescribe,  en- 
join, givt  instructions,  command. 

praecipito,  -avi,  -at  um,  -are, 
[tpraecipit-],  I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  send 
headlong,  hurry  on,  hurl  head- 
long: moras  {break  dcnon) .  —  In- 
trans.,  go  headlong,  fall  swiftly, 
hurry,  hasten:  cur3ie{are  excited); 
flumina  mento  {pour). 

praecipue,  [abl.  of  pracipuus], 
adv.,  especially,  particularly. 

praecipuus,  -a,  -um,  [prae-cep- 
uus  ( v/cap  +  uus,  cf.  perspi- 
cuus)],  adj.,  {taken  before},  espe- 
cial, chief,  the  greatest:  accipit 
Aenean  {with  special  honor) . 

praeeisus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  prae- 
eido. 

praeclarus,  -a,  -um,  [prae-cla- 
rus],  adj.,  very  bright.  —  Fig.,  dis- 
tinguished, famous,  renowned, glo- 
rious, splendid,  magnificent. 

praeco,  -onis,  [?],  m.,  a  crier,  a 
herald. 

praecordia,  -orum,  [prae-cord  + 
ium],  n.  plur.,  the  diaphragm,  the 
region  of  the  heart,  the  vitals,  the 
breast,  the  heart. 


praeda,  -ae,  [prob.  akin  to  pre- 
hendo],  f.,  booty,  a  prize,  plunder, 
spoil,  prey  (of  wild  beasts),  game 
(prey  of  the  hunter),  a  prize. 

praedico,  -dixi,  -dictum,  -dice- 
re,  [prae-dico],  3.  v.  a.,  foretell, 
give  warning,  prophesy,  forebode. 
—  Also,  warn,  inform. 

praedictum,  -i,  [n.  p.p.  of  prae- 
dico], n.,  a  prediction,  a  prophecy. 

praedisco,  -didici,  no  sup.,  -dis- 
cere,  [prae-disco],  3.  v.  a.,  learn 
beforehand,  forecast,  recognize  in 
advance. 

praedives,  -itis,[prae-dives],  adj., 
very  rich,  wealthy. 

praedo,  -onis,  [fpraeda- (reduced) 
+  o] ,  m.,  a  robber,  a  pirate,  a  ma- 
rauder. 

praedor,  -atus,  -ari,  [fpraeda-], 
I.  v.  dep.,  prey,  prowl. 

praedulcis,  -e,  [prae-dulcis],  adj., 
very  sweet,  precious. 

praedurus,  -a,  -um,  [prae-durus], 
adj.,  very  hard,  hardy, stout, sturdy. 

praeeo,  -ivi  (-ii),  -itum,  -ire, 
[prae-eo],  irr.  v.  a.  and  n.,  go  in 
advance,  precede,  lead,  be  in  ad- 
vance. 

praefatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  prae- 
for. 

praefero,  -tuli,  -latum,  -ferre, 
[prae-fero],  irr.  v.  a.,  carry  in 
front  (before  one),  offer:  frons 
hominem  {represent) . — Also, pre- 
fer, choose  rather,  choose  in  prefer- 
ence. 

praeficio,  -feci,  -fectum,  -ficere, 
[prae-facio],  irr.  v.  a.,  set  over, 
put  in  charge. 

praefigo,  -fixi,  -flxum,  -figere, 
[prae-figo],  3.  v.  a..,  fix  in  front, 
hang  up  on,  fix  upon  :  ora  prae- 
fixa  {impaled) ;  praefixa  cuspide 
{with  iron  head) .  —  With  change 
of  point  of  view,  fix  (something 
\vith  another  in  front)  :  ora  capis- 
tris  {bind) .  —  So  praef  ixus,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.,  pointed,  headed. 

praefixus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  prae- 
figo. 

praefodio,  -fodi,  -fossum,   -fo- 


216 


Vocabulary. 


derc,  [prae-fodio],  3.  v.  a.,  dig 
in  front  of,  ditch. 

praefor,  -fatus,  -farl,  [prae-for], 
I.  v.  dep.,  say  before,  preface,  in- 
voke first  (beforehand) . 

praefulgeo,  -fulsi,  -no  sup.,  ful 
gere,  [prae-fulgeo],  2.  v.  \\.,shine 
in  front  or  on  the  edge:   pellis 
unguibus    {glitter   with  hanging 
claws) . 

praegnans  (-as),  -antls  (-atis), 
[prae-gnans  (prob.  p.  of  stem  fr. 
Y/gen,  cf.  iiascor)],  adj.,  preg- 
nant. 

praelabor,  -lapsus,  -labi,  [prae- 
labor],  3.  v.  dep.,  glide  by,  fly  by. 

prat'latus,  -a,  -inn,  p.p.  of  prae- 
fero. 

praemetuo,  -inetui,  -metutum, 
-metucre,  [prae-metuo],3.  v.  n., 
fear  beforehand,  be  anxious. 

praemissus,  -a,  -uiii,  p.p.  of  prae- 
mitto. 

pracmttto,  -niisi,  -missum,  -mlt- 
terc,  [prae-mitto],  3.  v.  a.,  send 
before,  send  in  advance,  send  for- 
ward. 

prurmitim,  -I  (-11),  [prob.  akin  to 
prae-emo],  n.,  a  prize,  a  re~Mard, 
a  recompense  (in  good  or  bad 
sense),  a  prize  (in  an  ironical 
sense)  :  Veneris  (delights) ;  pug- 
nae  {prize,  taken  in  war);  inter 
praemia  ducet  (the  prizes  of 
battle,  to  the  battle-field). 

prarnato,  -avi,  -atmn,  -are, 
[prae-nato],  i.  v.  a.,  swim  by, 
float  by,  flow  by  (of  a  river). 

I'racneste,  -Is,  [?],  f.  and  n.,  a 
strongly  fortified  ancient  city  of 
Latium,  famous  for  an  oracle  and  a 
temple  of  Fortune  (now  Pales- 
frina). 

I'ra-'ticstinus,  -a,  -uin,  [fPrae- 
nesti  +  nus],  adj.,  of  Prceneste. 

praciuiiitia,  -ae,  [prae-nuntia], 
i.,  forerunner,  harbinger,  bearing 
new*  (in  app.  as  adj.). 

pracpes,  -etis,  [prae-pes  (VPe^ 
as  stem,  cf.  peto)],  adj.,  swiftly- 
Jlying,  swift. 

pracplnguls,  -e,   [prae-pinguis], 


adj.,    very  fat,  very  rich,  fertile, 
teeming. 
praereptus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  prac- 

rlplo.  ^ 

praeripio,  -ripui,  -rcptum,  -ri- 
pere,  [prae-rapio],  3.  v.  ^., snatch 
away  (in  advance,  so  as  to  deprive 
some  one  of  a  thing),  wrest  awdy, 
wrest  from,  occupy  (against  some 
one) . 

praeruptus,-a,-um,  [p.p.  of  prac- 
riimpo],  as  adj.,  (broken  off  in 
front*),  precipitous,  steep,  broken. 
praesaepe  (-sepe),  -Is,  [prae-sae- 
pe  (akin  to  saepio)],  n.,  a  stall, 
a  stable.  —  Poetically,  of  bees,  a 
hive. 

praesagus,  -a,  -um,  [prae-sagus, 
cf.  sagax],  adj.,  foreknowing, 
prescient,  foreboding.  —  Also,  om- 
inous, boding. 

prarscisro,  -scivi,  -scltuni,  -sns- 
cere,  [prae-scisco],  3.  v.  a.,  learn 
beforehand,  see  in  advance. 
praescius,  -a,  -uin,  [prae-scius, 
cf.  nesclus],  adj.,  foreknowing, 
divining,  prescicnl,  presaging. 
pracscrlbd,  -scrips!,  -scriptuni, 
-scrlberc,  [prae-scribo],  3-v.  a., 
write  before,  prefix  :  pagina  sibi 
nomen  (has  written  on  its  front, 
as  a  dedication). 

prac.siiiis,  -entis,  [prae-tsens,  p. 
of  sum],  adj.,  present,  before  one, 
immediate,  imminent,  instant: 
animus  {stout  heart}.  —  Also  of 
divinities,  favorable,  propitious, 
present  to  help.  — Also,  potent,  ad- 
vantageous, helpful,  powerful. 
pracsriitla,  -ae,  [fpraesent  +  ia], 

f.,  presence. 

prarseiitio,  -sensl,  -sensum, 
-sciitlrc,  [prae-sentio],  4.  v.  a., 
feel  beforehand,  foresee,  divine,  de- 
tect, (something  about  to  be  done). 
praesertiin  [ace.  akin  to  sero], 
adv.,  especially,  particularly,  chief- 
ly, most  of  all. 

praeses,  -Idls,  [prae-ses  (  y'sed  as 
stem)],  comm.,  {presiding  over), 
a  ruler,  an  arbiter,  an  arbitress. 
pracsldco,   -sedi,    -scssum,   -si- 


Vocabulary. 


217 


<ler<>,  [prae-sideo],  2.  v.  n.,  pre- 
side 

praesidium,  -I  (-ii),  [fpraesid  + 
ium],  n.,  a  defence,  ii  protection,  a 
garrison. 

praestsiiis,  -antis,  p.  of  praesto. 

praesto,  -stitl,  -stitum,  -stare, 
[prae-sto],  i.  v.  n.  and  a.,  stand 
before,  excel,  surpass.  —  Imper.s.,  it 
is  better. —  praestans,  -antis,  p., 
surpassing,  superior,  excellent, 
splendid,  magnificent,  skilful. 

praesiiiuo,  -siinipsi,  -siimptum, 
-sumere,  [prae-sumo],  3.  v.  a., 
anticipate. 

praetendo,  -tencli,  -tentuin,  -tcii- 
dere,  [prae-tendo],  3.  v. z..,stretch 
before,  hold  out,  bear  before,  put 
before  :  saepem  segeti  (throw 
around};  muros  morti  (keep  off 
death  /T  walls) ;  fumos  manu 
(throw  a  veil  of  smoke). —  Fig., 
pretend,  make  a  pretence  of.  — 
praetentus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
st  refilled  he  fore,  lying  along,  oppo- 
site. 

praeteiitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  prae- 

tCIldo. 

praetor  [prae  +  terum  (reduced), 
comp.  of  prae,  cf.  inter],  adv. 
and  prep.,  along  by,  beyond,  past, 
beside,  contrary  to.  —  In  compos., 
by,  l>e  von d. 

praeterea[praeter-ea,cf.  interea], 
adv.,  further,  besides,  moreover, 
afterwards,  again,  hereafter. 

praetcreo,  -Ivi  (-ii),  -ituin,  -Ire, 
[praeter-eo],  irr.  v.  a.  and  n., 
pass  beyond,  pass  by.  — Fig.,  omit, 
p>tss  over. — -Intrans.,  go  by,  pass, 
pass  by.  —  praeteritus,  -a,  -um, 
p.p.  in  intrans.  sense, gone  by,  past, 
bygone. 

praet  eritus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  prae- 
tereo. 

practerlabor,  -lapsus,  -labi, 
[praeter-labor],  3.  v.  dep.,  glide 
by,  flow  by,  sail  by. 

praetervenor,  -veetus,  -vehl, 
[praeter-vehor  as  dep.] ,  3.  v.  dep., 
ridt  by.  fail  bv 

praetexo,  -texui,  -textum,  -tex- 


ere,  [prae-texo],  3.  v.  a.  (weave 
in  front).  —  With  change  of  point 
of  view,  cover  (with  something), 
fringe,  line.  —  Fig.,  conceal,  dis- 
guise :  funera  sacris  (conceal  by 
pretence  of,  <K:c.). 

praetorium,  -i  (-ii),  [fpraetor  + 
ium  (n.  of  -ius)],  n.,  (prop,  adj., 
sc.  tabcrnaculuiii),  the  general's 
tent,  headquarters.  —  Of  bees,  the 
queen's  abode. 

praciiro,  -ussi,  -ustuni,  -urere, 
[prae-uro],  3.  v.  a.,  burn  at  the 
point,  harden  in  the  fire. 

praeustus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  prae- 
uro. 

praevalidus,  -a,  -um,  [prae-vali- 
dus],  adj.,  over  strong,  too  thrifty. 

praevenio,  -veni,  -veiitum,  -ve- 
nire, (also  separate),  [prae-ve- 
nio],  4.  v.  n.,  precede,  come  before. 

praeverto,  -verti,  -versum,  -ver- 
tere,  [prae-verto],  3.  v.  a.,  turn 
aside,  turn  off.  —  Fig.,  divert. — 
Intrans.  and  pass,  (as  dep.),  out- 
strip. 

prae  video,  -vidi,-visum,-videre, 

[prae-video],  2.  v.  a.,  foresee,  see 
(in  advance). 

pratum,  -i,  [?],  n.,  a  meadow. 

pravus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  crooked. 
• — -Fig.  (cf.  Eng.  wrong),  false. — 
Neut.  as  svb&i.,  falsehood. 

prcM-at  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  precor. 

preeiae,  -iirum,  [?],  f.,  (adj.,  sc. 
vites),  early-ripe  grapes. 

precor,  -atus,  -Sri,  [fprec-],  i.  v. 
dep.,  pray,  supplicate,  pray  for, 
beg :  precando  (by  prayers)  ; 
precantemdextram  (suppliant) ; 
precans  (precantes),  (suppliant, 
suppliants) ;  foedus  infectum 
(pray  that  the  truce  be,  etc.)  ;  cui 
(offer  prayers')  ;  precanti  multa 
(offering  many  prayers') ;  precor 
(parenthetical,  7  pray)  ;  socios 
(entreat,  exhorf) . 

prehendo,  prcbcudi,  preheii- 
suiii,  preliendere,  (prendo, 
etc.),  [prae-hendo,  akin  to  xa"- 
Sa^o;],  3.  v.  a.,  ttise, grasp, grasp  at. 


218 


prehenso,  -sivi,  -atiiin,  -are, 
(prciiso,  etc.),  [?],  I.  v.  a.,grasf>, 
catch  at,  catch,  seize. 

prelum,  -I,  [?],  n.,  a  wine-press, 
properly  the  pressing-beam  or 
beams. 

premo,  pressl,  pressum,  preme- 
re,  [  ?],  3.  v.  a.,  press,  press  down  : 
pressum  lac  (cheese) ;  caseum ; 
mella;  pressae  mammae;  sul- 
cum  (dig,  trace)  ;  press!  arcus 
(forced  doivn) ;  pressae  carinae 
(taden);  hasta  pressa  (forced 
down) ;  presso  vomere  (deep-set) ; 
virgulta  (sink,  plant) ;  fronde 
CTcinem.(adorn,  confine) ;  vestigia 
(plant,  set,  but  see  also  below); 
mundus  premitur  (descends) ; 
partem  rostro  (overlap*) ;  solo 
presso  (on  the  ground  which  one 
presses);  fauces  lingua  (stop, 
choke);  guttur  pressum  (closed). 
—  Also,  with  idea  of  repression 
(lit.  and  fig.),  repress,  confine,  hold 
in  check,  control,  keep  down,  rule, 
hold  in  subjection,  overwhelm, 
coerce  :  vocem  (check) ;  vestigia 
(check,  but  see  above) ;  placida 
aequora  pontus  (calm) ;  pelago 
arva;  te  iussa  Fauni  (restrain, 
hamper) ;  animae  premuntur 
nocte  (are  plunged,  hidden) ; 
quies  oculos  (close)  ;  quies  iacen- 
tem  (overcome) ;  falce  umbras 
(prune') ;  corde  dolorem  (sup- 
press, conceal) ;  ore  responsa 
(keep  secret) ;  luna  lumen  (hide) ; 
presso  ore  (closed  lips) ;  habenas 
(hold  in,  tighten) ;  pressa  est 
gloria  (obscured) ;  arma  Latini 
(depreciate);  os  (control);  Au- 
soniam ;  populos  dicione ;  Simo- 
is  vivos  (rolls  under  its  waves)  ; 
mentem  pressus  formidine  (over- 
whelmed, weighed  down)  ;  lilia 
(pluck).  — Also,  press  hard,  pur- 
sue, attack,  assail,  chase,  beset, 
drive:  apri  cursum;  ad  retia 
cervum ;  hostem  per  auras ; 
famulos  (strike  down) . 

premlo,  see  prehendo. 

prenso,  see  prchenso. 


Vocabulary. 


prensus,  see  prehendo. 

presso,  -avf,  -atom,  -are,  [fpres- 
so-,  cf.  premo],  i.  v.  a., press. 

pressus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  premo. 

pretium,  -I  (-ii),  [?,  perh.  akin  to 
7rpiayU.au] ,  n.,  a  price,  a  reward,  a 
bribe,  a  prize,  a  ransom. 

fprex,  f-cis,  [?],  f.,  a  prayer. 

Priameius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  nptafj.ii- 
«os],  adj.,  of  Priam,  son  (daugh- 
ter) of  Priam. 

Prlamides,  -ae,  [Gr.  npio/JSTjs] , 
m.,  son  of  Priam. 

Priamus,  -I,  [Gr.  Tlpia.fj.os'],  m.,  the 
aged  king  of  Troy,  father  of  Hec- 
tor and  Paris. 

Priapus,  -I,  [Gr.  Ilpfairos],  m.,  a 
god  of  horticulture  and  protector 
of  gardens  against  thieves  and 
birds.  He  was  not  highly  vener- 
ated, and  his  image  served  as  a 
kind  of  scarecrow. 

prldem  [prae-dem,  cf.  idem], 
adv.,  some  time  ago,  for  some  lime. 

prlmaevus,  -a,  -um,  [fprimo- 
aevo-  (decl.  as  adj.)],  adj.,  first 
in  age,  eldest.  —  Also,  of  the  first 
age,  in  the  bloom  of  youth,  youthful. 

primitiae,  -arum,  [fprimo  +  tia, 
cf.  amicitia],  f.  plur.,  the  first 
fruits.  —  Poetically,  first  trophies, 
first  exploits,  but  cf.  Eng.  figure. 

primus,  see  prior. 

princeps,-ipis,  [fprimo-  (reduced) 
+  ceps  (y'cap  as  stem)],  adj., 
first,  foremost,  at  the  head.  —  As 
subst.,  a  chief,  a  leader,  an  origi- 
nator, a  protector,  a  fotmder  (of 
a  family). 

principium,  -I  (-11),  [tprincip  + 
ium],  n.,  the  beginning,  the  origin. 
—  Abl.  as  adv.,  in  the  bt-ginnhig, 
in  the  first  place,  first,  first  of  nil. 

prior,  -oris,  [stem  akin  to  pro 
and  prae  +  ior,  comp.  of  pro  or 
prae],  adj.,  former,  first,  ancient, 
original.  —  ( )f  degree,  superior. — 
Masc.  plur.,  the  ancients,  men  of 
former  lint,-s,  ancestors.  —  Neut. 
as  adv.,  before,  earlier,  first,  for- 
merly, sooner,  rather,  see  also 
priusquam  (earlier  than, before). 


Vocabulary. 


219 


—  primus,  -a,  -um,  [probably 
pi-ae  +  mus,  cf.  imus],  superl., 
first,  foremost,  earliest,  the  outer, 
the  end,  the  edge,  the  extremity, 
the  front,  front,  rising  (of  the 
sun,  &.C.),  most  ancient:  pes 
(/ore*)  ;  primis  plantis  (childish 
feet).  —  Of  degree,  first,  highest, 
chief,  best,  most  noble.  —  Often 
equal  to  an  adv.  with  subj.  or  obj., 
first.  — •  As  subst.  in  plur.,  the  first, 
the  best,  the  chief,  the  noblest. — 
Neut.  plur.,  first  principles,  ele- 
ments, —  the  first  place,  the  van.  — 
primo,  abl.  (of  time,  opp.  to 
mox,  etc.,  cf.  priimim,  also  of 
order,  opp.  to  turn,  etc.),  first,  at 
first.  —  primum,  ace.  (cf.  pri- 
ino),  first,  in  the  first  place,  for 
the  first  time,  in  advance,  imme- 
diately.— ut  (cum)  primum,  when 
first,  as  soon  as  ;  quam  primum, 
as  soon  as  possible ;  nutic  pri- 
mum, only  now ;  primum  ante 
omnia,  before  all  else  ;  in  primis 
(imprimis),  especially,  chiejly ; 
cum  primis,  especially,  chiefly  ; 
ad  prima,  particularly,  very,  ex- 
ceedingly. 

priscus,  -a,  -um,  [fprius-  (of 
prior)  +  cus],  adj.,  ancient  (often 
with  idea  of  approval,  or  venera- 
tion,^ W0/</),  antique,  early,  ven- 
erable. 

pristinus,  -a,  -um,  [fprius-  (of 
prior) +tinus,cf.  dititinus],  adj., 
former,  old,  original. 

pristls,  see  pistrix. 

priusquam  (often  separated)  [pri- 
us-quam],  adv.,  sooner  than,  rath- 
er than,  before. 

Prlveriimn,  -I,  [?],  n.,  a  town  of 
the  Volsci,  the  birthplace  of  Ca- 
milla. 

Privernus,  -i,  [see  Prlvernum], 
in.,  a  Rutulian. 

pro  (prod.)  [abl.  of  same  stem  as 
prae],  prep.,  before,  in  front  of. 
—  I  lence,  in  defence  of,  on  behalf 
of,  on  account  of,  for,  for  the  sake 
of.  —  Also,  /;/  the  p/aee  of,  in  re- 
turn for,  for,  instead  of:  pro  re 


(under  the  circumstances,  for  the 
occasion) ;  pro  se  (according  to 
one's  ability}.  — In  compos.,  pro, 
prod,  before,  in  front,  forward, 
down,  forth,  for,  in  favor  of. 

pro  (proh),  [?],  interj.,  oh!  (of 
surprise,  grief,  or  indignation) . 

proavus,  -i,  [pro-avus],  m.,  a 
great-grandfather.  —  Less  exactly, 
an  ancestor. 

probo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [tpro- 
bo-],  i.  v.  a.,  (make  good  by  test- 
ing), test.  —  Also,  approve, permit 
(approve  of  an  action). 

Proeas,  -ae,  [  ?] ,  m.,  a  king  of  Alba. 

proeax,  -acis,  [fproca-  (of proco 
-f-  cus  (reduced),  cf.  capax],  adj., 
insolent    (in    demand). — Trans- 
ferred, boisterous. 

procedo,  -cessl,  -cessum,  -cede- 
re,  [pro-cedo],  3.  v.  n.,  go  for- 
ward, advance,  come  forward,  go 
on,  go,  come  forth,  proceed.  — Fig., 
glide  on,  pass,  go,  roll  on. 

procella,  -ae,  [pro-fcella,  cf.  per- 
cello,  excello],  f.,  a  storm,  a 
blast,  a  squall,  a  tempest.  —  Fig.,  of 
popular  fury,  as  in  English. 

proceres,  -um,  [?,  cf.  archaic  pro- 
cus],  m.  plur.,  the  chiefs,  the  lead- 
ers, the  nobles. 

prorerus,  -a,  -um,  [unc.  comp. 
with  pro],  adj.,  tall,  stately,  lofty. 

processus,  -us,  [pro-cessus,  cf. 
procedo],  m.,  an  advance. — Fig., 
progress,  a  course. 

Prochyta,  -ae  (-e,  -es),  [Gr.  IIpo- 
X^TTJ],  f.,  an  island  off  the  coast  of 
Campania  (now  Procida). 

prociamo,  -avi,  -at  um,  -are,[pro- 
clamo],  i.  v.  a.,  cry  aloud,  cry  out. 

Procne,  see  Progne. 

Procris,  -is  (-idis),  [Gr.  UpoKpis], 
{.,  the  wife  of  Cephalus,  who  was 
accidentally  shot  by  her  husband. 

procubo,  -cubui,  -oubitum,  -cu- 
bare,  [pro-cubo],  I.  v.  n.,  lie 
along,  lie  at  length,  fall. 

procudo,  -cndl,  -cusum,  -cudere, 
[pro-cudo],  3.  v.  a.,  hammer  out, 
sharpen. 

procul  [?],  adv.,  at  some  distance, 


22O 


Vocabulary. 


at  a  distance,  afar,  far,  far  away, 
from  far,  from  afar  :  procul  este 
(withdraw,  conic,  not  near). — Also, 
near  l>y,  not  far.  —  Also,  high,  on 
Jiigh.  ^ 

proculco,  -avi,  -atuni,  -are,  [pro- 
calco],  I.  v.  a.,  trample  down. 

procumbo,  -cubui,  cubit  inn, 
-eumbere,  [pro-cumbo],  3.  v.  n., 
lie  prostrate,  lie  at  length,  lie  down, 
lie,  be  prostrated,  fall  forward, 
fall  prostrate,  fall,  be  slain,  sink  to 
sleep.  • —  I'erf.,  have  fallen,  lie.  — 
Less  exactly,  bend  forwards  (cf. 
incumbo),  bend  to  (of  oars). — 
Fig.,  be  overthrown,  fall. 

prociiro,  -avi,  -atuin,  -are,  [pro- 
cure], I.  v.  a.,  lake  care  of:  cor- 
pus (refresh  one's  self). 

procurro,  -curri  (-cucurri),  -cur- 
sum,  -currere,  [pro-curro],  3. 
v.  n.,  run  forward,  advance,  rush 
against,  charge. — Fig.,  of  a  tongue 
of  land,  run  out. 

procursiiK,  -us,  [pro-cursus,  cf. 
procurro],  m.,  a  rush,  an  onset. 

procurviis,  -a, -um,  [pro-curvus], 
adj.,  curved,  bent,  winding. 

procus,  -I,  [?,  perh.  root  of  pivror 
+  us],  m.,  a  suitor. 

prodeo,  -ivl  (-ii),  -ituin,  -ire, 
[prod-eo],  irr.  v.  n.,  go  forward, 
go  for (h,  advance.  —  Fig.,  of  a  pro- 
jecting point,  run  out. 

pro<li<rium,  -i  (-ii),  [poss.  pro- 
digium  (^/dic+ium,  cf.  <lii-i- 
tus)],  n.,  a  portent,  a  prophetic 
sign,  a  prodigy,  an  omen,  an  evil 
prophecy.  —  Also,  a  monster. 

prodigus,  -a,  -um,  [prod-agus 
(  \/ag+us)]»  adj.,  wasteful,  lavish. 

pruditiu,  -oiiis,  [as  if  pro-ditio,  cf. 
prodo],  f.,  treachery. 

prodo,  -didi,  -dltiun,  -dere,  [pro- 
do],  3.  v.  a.,  give  forth,  put  forth, 
propagate,  found  (a.  race) .  —  Also, 
give  away,  betray,  treacherously 
destroy.  —  Also,  show,  declare. 

prodiico,  -dfixi,  -ductuin,  -du- 
eere,  [pro-duco],  3.  v.  a.,  bring 
forward,  lead  for  Ih, bring  ou!  (  fn  >m 
the  house,  of  a  dead  body,  =  lay  in 


the  grave).  —  Also,  produce,  bring 
forth. — Also,  prolong. 

proclaim,  -i  (-ii),  [?],  n.,  "  battle, 
a  combat,  fighting.  —  Less  exactly, 
a  war. 

Proetides,  -um,  [Gr.  tyon-iSc?],  f. 
plur.,  the  daughters  of  Proteus,  king 
of  Argos,  who  were  changed  by 
Juno  into  cows. 

prof  anus,  -a,  -um,  [pro-fano,  decl. 
as  adj.],  adj.,  unholy,  profane. — 
Masc.  plur.  as  subst.,  the  unholy, 
the  uninitiated. 

profecto  [pro-facto],  adv.,  surely, 
truly.  —  With  hortatory  expres- 
sions, pray,  I  beg. 

profectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  pro- 
fifio. 

profectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  profi- 
ciseor. 

prdlVro,  -tuli,  -latum,  -ferre, 
[pro-fero],  irr.  v.  a.,  carry  for- 
ward, e.\lend,  prolong,  put  off, 
postpone. 

proficiS,  -feci,  -fectiim,  -lioere, 
[pro-facio],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  go  for- 
ward (cf.  prolk'iscor),  make 
progress:  nil  profeci  (/  have 
gained  nothing). 

proficiscor,  -fectus,  -ficisci,  [as 
if  pro-ffaciscor  (lost  incept,  of 
facio)],  3.  v.  dep.,  (go  forth,  cf. 
proficio),  set  out,  set  out  for,  pro- 
ceed from,  come  from.  —  Also,  of 
descent,  proceed  from,  originate 

•with. 

proflo,  -avi,  at  um,  -are,  [pro- 
no],  I.  v.  a.,  blow  fort/i,  breathe 
forth. 

prolluo,  HUM,  -llux um,  -ilucrc, 
[pro-fluo],  3.  v.  \\.,Jlovj  forth. jl  to 
out,  flow. 

fprofor  (not  found),  -fatus,  -ran, 
[pro-for],  i.  v.  dep.,  speak  out, 
speak. 

profiting,  -a,  -um,  [pro-ffugns 
(yfug+us)],  adj.,  flying,  in 
flight,  fugitive,  exiled. —  As  subst., 
ajbgitivt,  an  exile. 

prof  undo,  -fudi,  -fusum,  -fun- 
dere,  [pro-fundo],  3.  v.  a.,  pout- 
forth,  shed. 


Vocabulary. 


221 


profiimlus,-a,  -um,  [pro-fundus], 

adj.,  deep,  profound,  the  depths  of: 
caelum.  —  Fig.,  of  darkness,  deep- 
est.— -Neut.  as  subst.,  the  deep. 

progenies,  -el,  [tpro  -  fgenies 
(-v/Sen  +  ies,  cf.  series)],  f.,  off- 
spring, progeny,  a  line,  a  race.  — 
Of  individuals,  a  son,  offspring.  — 
Also  of  animals,  young,  offspring, 
a  brood,  a  swarm. 

pro#i«jud,  -jjoiuii,  -genitmn,  -gix- 
iiore,  [pro-gigno],  3.  v.  a.,  begtt, 
firing  forth. 

Pro^ne,  -es,  [Gr.  nptavrj],  f.,  the 
wife  of  Tereus  and  sister  of  Philo- 
mela. She  was  changed  into  a 
swallow.  See  Philomela.  —  Po- 
etically, for  the  swallow  itself. 

prosredior,  -gressus,-<?redi,[pro- 
gradior],  3.  v.  n.,  proceed,  go  forth, 
advance,  come  forth. 

progressus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  pro- 
grodior. 

proh,  see  pro. 

prohibeo,  -hibui,  -hibitum,  -hi- 
bere,  [pro-habeo],  2.  v.  a,  hold 
off,  keep  off,  drive  off,  ward  off, 
avert,  debar,  shut  out.  —  Mso,for- 
bid,  prevent,  restrain,  keep  from 
(some  action). 

prdioio,  -iecl,  -iectum,  -icere, 
[pro-iacio],  3.  v.  a.,  throw  forth, 
thrmv  away,  cast  away,  cast  up, 
throw  off,  expose.  —  Also,  thro-w 
for:  f/ird,  cast,  thrno  down,  throw, 
put  forward,  let  drop.  —  proiec- 
lus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  project- 
ing, lying  at  length,  prostrate, 
lying. 

prolcct  us,  -a,  -um,p.p.  of  proicio. 

proinde  [pro-inde],  adv.,  hence, 
therefore. 

proliibor,  -lapsus,  -labi,  [pro- 
labor],  3.  v.  dep.,  slide  forward, 
slide  down  (cf.  proicio),  fall  to 
ruin,  fall. 

prolapsus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  pro- 
lubor. 

proles,  -is,  [pro-oles,  cf.  suboles], 
f.,  progt-nv,  offspring,  a  line  (of 
descendants),  a  family,  a  race. — 
Of  individuals,  a  son,  a  descendant  : 


Cyllenia  (the  son  born  on,  &c.) ; 
alia  (another  year's  offspring) .  — 
Also,  of  plants,  grnatli,  increase. 

prolix  us,  -a,  -um,  [pro-laxus], 
adj.,  long :  barba  (flowing). 

proludd,  -Insi,  -lusiim,  -ludere, 
[pro-ludo],  3.  v.  n.,  fence  before- 
hand. —  Less  exactly,  of  animals, 
prepare,  practise,  try  its  strength. 

prolud,  -lui,  -In <  um,  -lucre,  [pro- 
luo],  3.  v.  a.,  wash  up,  throw  up. 

—  Also,  wash  away,  wash  out. — 
Fig. :  proluit  se,  drains  a  miglity 
draught. 

proluvies,  -el,  [pro-fluvies  (y'lu 
+  ies,  cf.  illuvies)],  f.,  an  over- 
Jlcrw.  —  Less  exactly,  excrement. 

promcreo,  -merui,  -meritum, 
-mcrere,  [pro-mereo],  2.  v.  a., 
deserve.  —  Pass,  as  dep.,  deserve 
(well  or  ill  of  one),  serve  one : 
plurima  te  promeritam  (the  -very 
many  favors  I  owe  you). 

Prometheus,  -el  (-eos),  [Gr. Upo- 
yirrjfleus],  m.,  the  son  of  lapetus. 
He  stole  fire  from  heaven  to  ani- 
mate the  man  he  had  formed  of 
clay.  For  this  act  he  was  pun- 
ished by  a  vulture  on  Mt.  Caucasus. 

promissum,  -I,  [n.  p.p.  of  pro- 
mitto],  n.,  a  promise,  what  one 
has  promised,  a  promised  prize 
(boon,  &c.). 

promissus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  pro- 
mitto.^ 

promitto,  -misi,  -missum,  -mit- 
tere,  [pro-mitto],  3.  v.  a.,  let  ,v" 
forth,  let  grow  (of  the  hair).  — Fig., 
give  out,  promise  (generally  on  re- 
quest, cf.  polliceor),  agree :  me 
promisi  ultorem  (promise  to  &?). 

—  promissus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.   as 
adj.,  long,flowing :  barba  (see  also 
promissum). 

promo,  prompsi,  promptum, 
promere,  [pro-emo],3-  v.a.,  take 
out.  —  With  reflexive,  come  forth. 

—  Esp.,  draw  out  of  the  general 
stock  for  use  (cf.  promus,  a  stew- 
ard},bring  out,  put  forth,  employ. 
— promptus,-a,-um,p.p.,rt'';vz7£'w 
out,  ready,  at  hand,  easy. 


222 


Vocabulary. 


Pi'oiuoltis  (-ulus),  -i,  [?],  in.,  a 
Trojan. 

promoveo,  -iiiovi,  -motum,  -mo- 
vere,  [pro-moveo],  2.  v.  a.,  move 
onward,  impel. 

pronubus,  -a,  -um,  [pro-fnubus 
(root  of  nubo  +  us)  ],  adj.,  of  mar- 
riage. —  Fern,  as  subst.,  a  witness 
o\  guardian  (the  matron  attending 
the  bride  at  a  marriage,  cf.  aus- 
pex). —  Hence  as  epithet  of  Juno 
and  poetically  of  other  divinities, 
J't'i'ii  iil'n,  goddess  of  marriage. 

promts,  -a,  -um,  [stem  of  pro  + 
nus],  adj.,  bending  forward,  head- 
long, headforemost,  forward,  down- 
ward, falling.  —  Fig.,  rapid,  swift, 
twift'jtowing :  prona  aqua  (down 
stream} ;  prona  maria  (unob- 
structed') . 

propago,  -inis,  [as  if  pro-fpago 
(stem  from  ^/pa-g  +  o),  cf.  pro- 
pages,  compages],  f.,  a  layer 
(a  shoot  pegged  down  to  root 
again,  as  is  still  practised),  layers 
(collectively).  —  Fig.,  offspring, 
progeny,  descendants,  a  line  (of 
descendants). 

prope  [prob.  pro-pe,  cf.  quippc], 
adv.  and  prep. ,near,  near  by,  close  to. 

properatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  pro- 
pero. 

propere  [abl.  of  properus],  adv., 
quickly,  hastily. 

propero,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [tpro- 
pero-],  I  .v.  a.  and  n.,  hasten,  make 
haste,  hasten  to  do  (to  have  done}, 
do  with  haste  (what  is  indicated 
by  the  context)  :  adiungi  gene- 
rum  (be  in  haste  to  have  united, 
&c.)  ;  properanda  (to  be  done  in 
haste} ;  fn\.miTi3i(forgewithspeed} ; 
properari  vides  (you  see  men 
hastening) ;  properata  (of  seeds, 
forced} ;  arma  (bring  with  haste)  ; 
mortem  (haste  to  win}. 

properus,  -a,  -um,  [pro-fparus, 
whence  paro],  adj.,  hastening, 
active,  busy. 

propexus,  -a,  -um,  [pro-pexus, 
p.p.  of  pecto],  adj.,  combed  down, 
hanging  down. 


propinquo,    -avi,    -atum,    -arc, 

[fpropinquo-],  i.  v.  a.  and  n., 
bring  near.  —  Intrans.,  approach, 
be  near,  come  near,  draw  near, 
come  (to  a  place  expressed  by  the 
context). 

propinquus,  -a,  -um,  [stem  akin 
to  prope+  cus],  adj.,  near,  neigh- 
boring, near  by,  akin,  kindred. 

propior,  -us, -oris,  [ prope  (or  stem 
akin)  +  ior,compar.],adj.,  nearer. 

—  Neut.  plur.,  the  nearer  space.  — 
Neut.  sing,  as  adv.,  nearer,  more 
closely.  —  proximus,    -a,    -um, 
[?,    unc.  stem  +  timus],  supcrl., 
nearest,  next,  close  by,  most  like.  — 
Neut.  plur. :  proxima   quaeque, 
whatever  comes  nearest. 

propono,  -posui,  -positum,  po- 
nere,  [pro-pono],  3.  v.  a.,  set 
forth,  propose,  offer. 

proprius,  -a,  -um,  [?,  poss.  akin 
to  prope],  adj.,  one's  own, of  one'' s 
own,  peculiar,  appropriate,  cue's 
natural.  —  Hence,  lasting,  con- 
tinuing, perpetual :  propriam  di- 
cabo  (make  one's  own  forever*} . 

propter  [prope  +  ter,  cf.  praeter], 
adv.  and  prep.,  near  by,  not  far 
from.  —  Also  (cf.  ob),  on  account 
of,  for  the  sake  of. 

propugiiaculiim,  -I,  [propngna- 
(stem  of  propugno)  -f  culum], 
n.,  a  bulwark,  a  rampart,  a  means 
of  defence  (protection  for  defend- 
ers of  walls). 

prora,  -ae,  [Gr.  irpeppa],  f.,  the  prow 
(of  a  ship).  —  Less  exactly,  a 
ship. 

proripio,  -ripui,  -reptum,  -ripe- 
re,  [pro-rapio],  3.  v.  a.,  if  rug 
forth.  —  With  reflexive  (sometimes 
omitted),  hasten,  hurry  away. 

prorumpo,  -rupi,-ruptum,  -rum- 
pcrc,  [pro-rumpo],  3.  v.  a.  and  n. 
Causative  (cf.  rumpo),  cause  to 
break  forth,  belch  forth.  —  Pass,  or 
with  reflexive,  break  forth  :  pro- 
ruptum  mare  (a  raging  sea} ; 
proruptus  sudor  (bursting form)'. 

—  Intrans.,  rush  forth,  fling  one's 
self  forward. 


Vocabulary. 


223 


proruptus,  -:i,  -um,  p.p.  of  pro- 

runipo. 
proscaenium  (prosce-),  -i   (-ii), 

[Gr.  irpoffKrjviov] ,  n.,  a  stage,  prop- 
erly the  place  in  front  of  the  scene 
(see  seaena),  where  the  action 
was  performed. 

proscindo,-scidl,  -scissum,  -scin- 
clerc,  [pro-scindo],  3.  v.  a.,  tear, 
rend  in  pieces,  cut. — Esp.,  plough; 
particularly  for  the  first  time,  break 
«/. 

proscissus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  pro- 
se indo. 

prosequor,-secutus,  -sequi,  [pro- 
sequor],  3.  v.  dep.,  follow  out, 
follow  after,  attend,  speed  on  one's 
way,  follow,  escort.  —  Also,  pro- 
ceed, goon.  —  Also,  follow  up,  treat 
of  (cf.  "pursue  a  subject"). — 
From  last  words  at  parting,  dis- 
miss, take  leave  of,  send  on  one's 
way  (with  wishes,  &c.) ;  so,  receive, 
reply  to. 

Proserpina,  -ae,  [prob.  corrupted 
fr.  Gr.  Ufpo-ftyovT),  with  an  idea  of 
connection  with  proserpo],  f., 
the  wife  of  Pluto,  daughter  of 
Ceres.  She  was  stolen  by  Pluto 
from  her  mother,  who  sought  her 
over  the  world. 

prosilio,  -silui  (-Ivi,  -ii),  no  sup., 
-silire,  [pro-sali5],  4.  v.  n.,  leap 
forth,  dart  forth. 

prospccto,  -avf,  -atum,  -are, 
[pro-specto] ,  I.  v.  a.,  look  out 
upon,  gaze  at. — Also,  expect,  a  wa  it. 

prospectus,  -us,  [pro-spectus,  cf. 
prospiclo],  m.,  an  outlook,  a 
prospect,  a  view,  a  sight. 

prosper,  -era,  -erum,  [pro-fspe- 
rus,  wh.  spero],  adj.,  according 
to  one' shapes,  favorable, propitious. 

prospicio,  -spexl,  -spectum,  -spi- 
«'cre,  [pro-specio,  cf.  conspi- 
cio],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  took  out  upon, 
behold,  espy,  gaze  at,  see,  look  out, 
gaze,  look  forth.  —  Also,  foresee, 
prognosticate.  - 

prosubigo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -igere, 
[pro-subigo],  3.  v.  a.,  tear  up. 

prosum,  profui,  prodesse,  [pro- 


(prod-)  -esse],  in.  v.  n.,  be  of  ad- 
vantage, profit,  avail,  be  well. 

protectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  pro- 
tego.^ 

protego,  -texi,  -tectum,  -tegere, 
[pro-tego],  3.  v.  a.,  cover,  protect, 
defend. 

protendo,  -tendi,  -tentum  (-ten- 
sum),  -tendere,  [pro-tendo], 
3.  v.  a.,  stretch  out,  stretch,  strain  : 
hastas  {poise);  protentua  temo 
(extending) . 

protentus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  pro- 
tendo. 

protenus,  see  protinus. 

protero,  -trivi,  -trltum,  -terere, 
[pro-tero],  3.  v.  a..,  trample  down. 

proterreO,  -terrul,  -territum, 
-terrere,  [pro-terreo],  2.  v.  a., 
frighten  away,  put  to  flight. 

Proteus, -ei  (-eos),  [Gr.  Upcarevs'], 
m.,  a  prophetic  "  old  man  of  the 
sea,"  having  a  view  of  the  entire 
abyss  of  the  sea,  and  shepherd  of 
the  flocks  of  Neptune,  the  sea- 
calves.  His  dwelling  was  in  the 
east  of  the  Mediterranean  (the 
island  Pharos  or  Carpathus),  near 
the  mythic  stream  /Egyptus :  and 
he  was  otherwise  associated  with 
Egypt.  He  had  to  be  caught  and 
bound  to  elicit  prophetic  answers 
from  him,  and  he  had  the  power 
of  changing  himself  into  all  kinds 
of  forms  to  avoid  capture. 

protinus  (protenus),  [pro-tenus], 
adv.,  forward,  further  on,  on  : 
protinus  una(r0«//«w0/«/v) ;  ae- 
quasset  nocti  ludum  (through- 
out). —  Also,  next,  then,  after- 
wards, in  after  time.  — Also,  im- 
mediately, forthwith,  at  once. 

protraho,  -traxi,  -tractum,  -tra- 
here,  [pro-traho],  3.  v.  a.,  drag 
forth. 

proturbo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [pro- 
turbo],  I.  v.  a.,  drive  away,  repel, 
force  back. 

provectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  pro- 
veho.^ 

provehci,  -vexi,  -vectum,  -vehere, 
[pro-veho],  3.  v.  a.,  carry  for- 


224 


Vocabulary. 


ward,  bear  on.  —  Pass,    as   dep., 

sail,  ride,  proceed. 
provenid,-veni,-ventum,  -venire, 

[pro-venio],  4.  v.  n.,  come  forth, 

spring  up.  —  Fig.,    come   to  pass, 

happen. 
proventus,   -us,    [pro-ventus,  cf. 

provenio],  m.,  a  growth,  increase, 

crop. 
provideo,  -vidl,  -vlsum,  -videre, 

[pro- video] ,  2.  v.  a.  and  n.,  take 

care  for,  take  care  of,  provide,  get 

ready. 

provisus,-a,-um,p.p.ofprovideo. 
provooo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [pro- 

voco],  I.  v.  a.,  call  forth.  —  Esp., 

challenge.  —  Fig.,    challenge,    vie 

•with. 
provolvo,  -volvi,  -voliitum,  -vol- 

vere,  [pro-volvo],  3.  v.  a.,   roll 

down,  roll  forward,  roll  over. 
proxinius,  see  propior. 
prudens,-entis,  [pro-videns],adj., 

wise,  far-seeitig. 
prudentia,   -ae,  [fprudent  +  ia], 

f.,  wisdom,  skill. 
pruina,  -ae,  [ ?],f.,  hoar-frost,  snow, 

frost.  —  Poetically  for  winter. 
pruna,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  live  coal. 
priiiium,-i,[Gr.irpot;»/oi/],n.,  a  plum. 
primus,  -i,  [Gr.  irpovvos~],  f.,  a  plum- 
tree. 
Prytanis,  -is,  [Gr.  Upvravis'],  m., 

a  Trojan. 
psythius,  -a,  -urn,   [Gr.   vWios], 

adj.,  psythian  (a  kind  of  vine).  — 

Fern.,  the  psythia,  the  vine  itself. 
pubens,  -entis,  [p.  of  fpubeo  (fr. 

fpubi-),  cf.  pubesco],  adj.,  full 

grown,  juicy  (of  herbs  at  maturity) . 
puber,  -eris,  [?,  cf.  pubes],  adj., 

downy,  full  grcnvn. ' 
pubes,  -Is,  [?],  f.,  down  (as  a  sign 

of  manhood) .  —  Hence,  the  groin. 

—  Fig.,  youth,  young  men  (arrived 
at  manhood).  —  Often  of  an  army, 
which    consisted    of    able-bodied 
males.  —  Hence,  generally,  people. 

—  Less  exactly,  the  young,  of  bul- 
locks.^ 

pubesco,  pnbui,  no  sup.,  pubes- 
cere,    [tpube-    (of    pubeo,    cf. 


pubens)  +  sco],  3.  v.  n.,gro:<'  up, 
come  to  manhood.  —  Less  exactly, 
ripen. 

me  I  r  ml  us,  -a,  -  u  m  ;  see  pudeo. 

pudeo,  -ul  (-itum  est),  -itum, 
-ere,  2.  v.  a.  and  n.,  shame,  be 
ashamed. —  Esp.  impers.  with  ace. 
of  person,  shame  one,  one  is 
ashamed,  one  disdains :  jEneae 
segnes  (be  ashamed  in  ///<•  sight 
of}.  —  pudendus,  -a,  -um,  p. 
ger.,  to  be  ashamed  of,  shameful . 

pudicitia,  -ae,  [fpudico  +  tia  (cf. 
amieitia)],  f.,  modesty,  chastity, 
purity  (as  a  quality,  cf.  pudor). 

—  Also,  a  feeling  of  shame. 
pudor,    -oris,    [pud    (as  root  of 

pudeo)  +  or],  m.,  a  feeling  of 
shame,  shame,  modesty,  chastity, 
honor,  decency. 

puella,  -ae,  [fpnero  (cf.  puer)  + 
la],  f.,  a  girl,  a  -maid,  a  young 
bride. 

puer,  -erl,  [?],  m.,  a  child,  a  babe, 
a  boy,  a  lad,  a  youth.  Properly  not 
over  seventeen,  but  the  word  is 
naturally  not  used  with  exactness. 

—  Also,  a  slave,  a  "  boy." 
puerilis,  -e,  [fpuero-  (reduced)  + 

ills],  adj.,  childish,  of  children,  of 
boys. 

pugiia,  -ae,  [  VPU£>  On  Pu£no)  + 
na],  f.,  a  fight,  a  combat,  a  battle, 
a  contest.  —  Less  exactly,  a  wtir. 

pugnator,  -oris,  [tpugna-  (stem  of 
pugno)  +  tor],  m.,  a  fighter.— 
In  app.  as  adj.,  pugnacious. 

pugiiatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  pugno. 

pugno,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [tpug- 
na-],  I.  v.  n.,fighf,  wage  wan,  con- 
tend.—  Fig.,  resist,  fight  against, 
struggle.  —  pugiiatus,  -a,  -um, 
p.p.  in  pass,  sense  (derived  from 
use  of  cognate  ace. ,),  fought. 

pugnus,  -I,  [  VPug  (in  Pl|g110)  + 
nus],  m.,  a  fist. 

pulcher,  -chra,  -chrum,  [?],adj., 
beautiful,  fair,  splendid,  comely.  — 
Fig-,  glorious,  noble,  excellent,  fa- 
mous. 

pullulo,  -avi,  -atum,  -arc,  [tpul- 
lulo-],  I.  v.  n.,  sprout,  grow  rank. 


Vocabulary. 


225 


pulliis,  -i,  [  ?,  cf.  fir.  ir&JAos,  Eng. 
foal\,  m.,  a  vc>ung  one,  a  foal. 

pull  us,  -a,  -mn,  [?,  hut  cf.  TreAAo's], 
adj.,  black,  (lark. 

pulmo,  -onis,  [perh.  akin  to  Gr. 
irvfvfuav,  perh.  borrowed],  m.,  the 
lu>; 

pulsatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  pulso. 

pulso, -avi,-situm, -are,  [tpulsp-], 
I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  beat,  strike,  batter, 
hit,  strike  against,  quiver,  palpi- 
tate, sound  (on  the  lyre)  :  ilia  sin- 
gultibus  (shake) ;  pulsantenervo 
(tii<anging,  as  it  snaps  and  drives 
the  arrow)  ;  pulsans  pavor  (an.\-- 
ious  throbbing).  —  pulsatus,  -a, 
-uiii,  p.p.  as  adj.,  wave-beaten, 
re-echoing  (struck  by  a  sound), 
insulted  (as  if  by  a  blow). 

pulsus,  -us,  [  Vpel  +  tus,  cf.  pel- 
lo],  in.,  a  beating,  a  stroke,  a 
trampling:  pulsu  saxa  sonant 
(n'ilh  an  echo). 

pulsus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  pello. 

pulvcrcus,  -a,  -urn,  [tpulver-  (of 
pulvis)  -f  eus],  adj.,  of  dust. 

pulveruleiitus,  -a,  -um,  [tpulver- 
(as  if  pulveru-)  +  lentus],  adj., 
dusty,  in  a  cloud  of  dust. 

pulvis,  -eris,  [?],  m.  and  f.,  dust, 
dry  ground  (drouth),  earth, mould: 
in  pulvere  (on  the  dusty  field). 

pfimex, -icis,  [ ?], m., pumice-stone, 
porous  rock. 

piiiiieeus  (pocn-),  -a, -um,  [fPu- 
nico-  (reduced)  +  eus],  adj.,  red 
(made  from  Tyrian  dye,  cf.  Poe- 
nus),  crimson,  purple  (bordering 
on  red). 

Piiniciis  (Pocn-), -a,  -um,  [fPoe- 
no+cus],  adj.,  Punic,  Cartha- 
ginian, of  Carthage. 

puppis,  -is,  [?],  f.,  the  stern  (of  a 
ship),  the  poop. —  Less  exactly,  a 
ship,  a  boat,  a  vessel.  —  a  puppi, 
astern. 

purgo,  -sivi,  -atum,  -arc,  [tpur- 
go-  (tpuro-fagus),  cf.  narro], 
I.  v.  a.,  clean,  clear:  se  nubes 
(clears  away). 

purpura,    -ae,    [Gr.    Trop^fyo],    f., 


purple,  crimson,  red.  — -  Also,  pur- 
ple (purple  fabrics). 

purpureus,  -a,  -um,  [fpurpura- 
(reduced)  +  eus],  adj.,  purple  (of 
various  shades,  with  a  tendency 
generally  towards  red),  red,  crim- 
son :  purpurei  cristis  iuvenes 
(with  purple  crests)  ;  purpureus 
pennis  (purple-crested). — Hence, 
bright,  gay,  brilliant. 

purus,  -a,  -um,  [-^/pu  (clean)  + 
rus,  cf.  putus],  adj.,  clean,  pure, 
clear,  bright,  limpid :  vestis  (fair 
•while). — Also,  unobstructed,  open  : 
per  purum  (through  the  open  air) . 

—  Fig.,    unmixed,  pure :    hasta 
(headless);    parma   (with    no  de- 
vice) . 

putator,  -oris,  [fputa-  (of  puto) 
+  tor],  m.,  (i  pruner,  a  vine- 
dresser. 

putous,  -I,  [poss.  tputo-  (of  putus) 
+^eus],  m.,  a  well,  a  fit. 

puto,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fputo- 
(of  putus,  Y/pu,  clean,  +  tus)], 
I .  v.  a.,  clean.  —  Esp.,  trim,  prune. 

—  Fig.,    clear    up    (accounts). — 
Hence,  reckon,  account,  consider, 
think,    suppose,    revolve    (in    the 
mind),  ponder. 

putris  (-ter),  -is,  -e,  [-y/put  (in 
puteo)  +  ris],  adj.,  rotten,  mel- 
/<>:,',  crumbly,  loose  :  fungi  (sooty). 

Pygmalion,  -onis,  [Gr.  Iltry/ua- 
AI'WI/],  m.,  Dido's  brother,  who 
killed  his  sister's  husband. 

pyra,  -ao,  [Gr.  iri/pa],  f.,  a  funeral 
pile,  a  pyre. 

Pyracmon,  -onis,  [Gr.  nupcuc/utfp], 
m.,  a  Cyclops,  a  blacksmith  in  the 
forge  of  Etna. 

Pyrgi,  -orum,  [Gr.  f\vpyoC\,  m. 
plur.,  a  town  of  Etruria. 

l*y«*KO,  -Hs,  [Gr.  Tlvpya>~],  f.,  the 
nurse  of  Priam's  children.  She 
accompanied  the  expedition  of 
.Kneas. 

Pyrrha,  -ae,  [Gr.  n^a],  f.,  the 
\\ife  of  Deucalion,  who  with  her 
husband  survived  the  deluge,  and 
who  by  throwing  stones  behind 
her  repeopled  the  earth. 


226 


Vocabulary. 


Pyrrhns,  -i,  [Gr.  nvppos~\,  m.,  the 
son  of  Achilles  (called  also  Neop- 
tolemus).  After  fighting  in  the 
Trojan  war,  he  founded  a  kingdom 


in  Epirus.  Becoming  a  suitor  foi 
the  hand  of  Hermione,  he  was 
slain  by  Orestes. 


qua,  fern.  sing,  and  neut.  plur.  of 
qnis  indef. 

qua  [al)l.  of  qui,  cf.  ea],  rel.  adv., 
by  which  way,  whereby,  where, 
by  which,  as. 

qua  [abl.  of  quis  (same  word  as 
preceding)],  interr.  adv.,  how?  in 
what  way  ? 

quacunque  (also  separate),  [qua- 
cunque],  rel.  adv.,  in  whatever 
way,  -whichever  way,  wherever.  — 
Also,  in  any  way  whatever,  in 
whatever  way  one  can,  by  any 
means. 

quadra,  -ae,  [some  form  of  quat- 
tuor+  a  (f.  of  -us)],  f.,  a  square, 
a  table. — Also  of  the  square  loaves 
used  as  trenchers  and  eaten  by  the 
Trojans. 

quadrifidus,  -a,  -uni,  [fquadro- 
(cf.  quadra)  -fidus  (ffid  in  findo 
•f  us)],  adj.,  four-cleft,  four- 
parted. 

quadrigae,  -arum,  [perh.  fqua- 
dro-fagus.cf.  prodigus],  f.  plur., 
a  four-horse  team,  four  horses 
(abreast),  horses  (for  the  chariot), 
a  four -horse  chariot. 

quadriiugis,  -e,  =  quadriiugus, 
[same  stem  weakened]. 

quadriiugus,  -a,  -um,  [fquadro- 
fiugo-,  cf.  iiiguin,  decl.  as  adj.], 
adj.,  with  four  horses,  four-horse, 
four  abreast :  equos  {double  pair 

of}-  ^ 

quadro,  -avi,  -atum,  -arc,  [fqua- 
dra-],  I.  v.  a.  and  n.,for>n  in  a 
square. — Intrans.,  to  Jit  squarely 
with. 

quadrupcdaiis,  -aiitis,  [p.  of  obs. 
or  imaginary  quadrupedo],  adj., 
galloping  :  sonitus  (sound  ofgal- 
loping feef) ,  —  Plur.,  steeds,  horses. 

quadrupes,  -pedis,  [fquadro-pes, 
decl.  as  adj.],  adj.,  going  on  four 


feet.  —  As  subst.,  a  quadruped,  a 
horse,  a  stag. 

quaero,  qiiaesivi,  quacsitimi, 
quaerere,  [?,  originally  quacsn, 
y'quaes  as  root],  3.  v.  a.,  seek, 
seek  to  gain,  search  for,  look  for, 
seek  out,  go  to,  endeavor,  desire.  — 
Esp.,  seek  for  gain,  seek  gain,  gain, 
win,  acquire.  —  Also,  ask  for,  ask, 
enquire.  —  Also,  miss,  look  for 
(and  not  find) :  te  suum  dex- 
tera  (finds  not  you  its  owner) .  • — 
quursit  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj. : 
munus  (in-quired)  ;  herbae  (gath- 
ered) ;  artes  (<//>//*></, employed)  ; 
boves  (Missing).  —  Neut.  plur., 
gains.  —  quaerens,  -entis,  p.  as 
subst.,  a  seeAer. — quaeso,  enquire 
(rare  and  archaic)  :  talia  (make 
such  enquiries) . —  Parenthetically, 
I  pray,  I  beg,  pray. 

quaesitor,  -oris,  [fquaesi-  (stem 
of  quaero,  in  4.  conj.)  -f  tor],  m., 
an  investigator,  a  judge  (in  ancient 
sense  as  investigator). 

quaesitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  quaero. 

quaeso,  see  quaero. 

quails,  -e,  [tquo-  (of  qul  and 
quls) -falls],  pron.adj.  i.  Interr. 
(in  questions  and  exclamations), 
of  what  sort,  what,  what  a  man 
(or  the  like),  what  kind  yf. — 
2.  Rel.  (with  correl.  expressed  or 
implied),  (of  which  kind),  as  (the 
quality  being  implied  in  Eng.  in  a 
preceding  such,  or  the  like),  such 
(implied  in  what  precedes)  .  .  .  as. 
—  Equal  to  an  adv.,  just  as,  as. 

qualus  (-um),  -I,  [?,  cf.  colum], 
m.  and  n.,  a  basket. —  Esp.  for 
straining  wine,  a  wicker  strainer. 

quam  [unc.  case-form  of  quis  ami 
qul,cf.  nam],  adv.  i.  Interr. ,//<?«», 
how  much. — 2.  Rel.,  as  much,  as, 
titan. — Its  force  after  prlus,  ante, 


Vocabulary, 


227 


and  post  is  in  Eng.  often  contained 
in  some  other  word.  —  With  com- 
paratives, {the)  .  .  .  the.  —  With  su- 
perlatives, as  muck  as  possible,  very. 

—  With  anteced.  omitted,  as  main1 
as,  so  ...  as.  —  See   also    ante, 
prior,  post,  and  tain. 

quainvis  [quam-vis],  adv.,  as  you 
wish,  as  you  ~sill,  however  much, 
however.  —  Also,  although,  though. 

qnando  [prob.  abl.  of  unc.  stem 
(quam?  +  dus)],  adv.  and  conj. 
I.  Intel r.,  at  what  time?  when? 

—  2.    Indef.,    at   any   time,    ever 
(affirmative,  cf.  iiiiquam  with  neg- 
atives),   at  some   time. —  3.    Rel., 
when,   now  that,  since,  as.  —  Fig. 
(in  causal  sense),  since,  inasmuch 
as,  seeing  that. 

quandoquidem  (rarely  quando-) 
[  quando- quidem],  adv.,  since,  in- 
asm  itch  as,  seeing  (hat. 

quanquam(quam-)  [quam-quam, 
cf.  quisqnis],  adv.,  {however), 
although,  though.  —  Also  (in  a  cor- 
rective sense,  as  often  in  Eng.), 
though,  still,  however,  but. 

quant  us,  -a,  -um,  [pron.  Y/quo  -f 
antus  (with  lost  v),  cf.  Sk.  -vant], 
pron.  adj.  I.  Intern,  how  great? 
koto  muck  ?  what  a,  what. — 2.  Rel., 
as  (cf.  quails). — With  omitted  an- 
tecedent, as  great  as,  as  muck  us, 
not  less  than.  — Ace.  as  adv.  (both 
senses),  how  much,  how,  hcnv  long, 
as  mucJi,  as,  as  far  as,  as  much  as, 
as  long  as.  — •  Abl.  as  adv.,  hcnv 
much,  how,  us  much,  as.  —  With 
comparatives,  {the)  .  .  .  the. 

quare  [qua  re] ,  adv.  i .  Interr.,  on 
•what  account  ?  why  ?  —  2.  Rel.,  en 
•which  account,wherefore,therefore. 

quartus,  -a,  -um,  [fquattuor  + 
tus],  num.  adj.,  fourth. 

quassatus,-a,  -um,  p.p.  of  quasso. 

quasso,-avi,  -atiim,  -are,  [fquas- 
so-  (cf.  quatio)],  I.  v.  a.  and  n., 
shake,  toss,  brandish. — Of  the  effect, 
shatter,  baiter.  —  Intrans.,  shake  : 
siliqua  quassans  {rattling). 

quater  [unc.  form  fr.  quattuor,  cf. 
tcr],  num.  adv.,  four  times. 


quaterni,  -ae,  -a,  [tquattuor-f 
nus],  adj.  plur.,  four  at  a  time, 
four  in  each. 

quatio,  fquassi  (only  in  compos.), 
quassum,  quatere,  [?],  3.  v.  a., 
shake,  agitate,  cause  to  tremble, 
stir.  —  Also,  batter,  shatter,  demol- 
ish, overthrow,  beat,  lash,  drive, 
worry,  harass :  campos  {scour, 
of  horsemen  sent  on  a  raid)  ;  cur- 
su  {subdue,  of  horses) ;  funda- 
menta  {rend}. 

quattuor  (quatuor)  [?,  petrified 
and  reduced  nom.,  cf.  Terraces], 
num.  adj.  indecl.,  four. 

-que  [unc.  case-form  tquo-,  cf.  re], 
conj.,  and  (connecting  the  word  to 
which  it  is  affixed  or  the  clause  in 
which  that  word  is).  —  Repeated 
(or  with  et,  atque,  or  ac),  both 
.  .  .  and,  as  well .  .  .  as,  and  (omit- 
ting the  first).  —  Equal  to  cum, 
when  :  vix  fatus  erat,  subitoque 
intonuit.  —  Equal  to  Eng.  or  (fr. 
a  different  view  in  Latin) :  ter 
quaterque.  —  With  explanatory 
force :  segetes  altae  campique 
natantes  (both  meaning  the  same 

•    thing). 

queo,  quivi  (-il),  quituiu,  quire, 
[?],  4.  v.  n.,  can,  be  able. 

Qiiercens,  -entis,  [perh.  fquercu-], 
m.,  a  Rutulian. 

quercus,  -us,  [?],  f.,  an  oak  (sa- 
cred to  Jove),  oak  leaves,  a  twig 
of  oak  :  civilis  (the  civic  crown 
of  oak  leaves,  given  for  saving  the 
life  of  a  fellow-citizen). 

querela  (-ella),  -ae,  [as  if  quere-, 
supposed  stem  of  queror!(cf.  sua- 
dela)  +  la],  f.,  a  complaint,  a 
plaint  (of  songs  of  birds),  a  cry 
(of  distress) . 

quernus,  -a,  -um,  [fquercu-  (re- 
duced) +  nus],  adj.,  of  oak,  oaken  : 
glandes  {oak  mast,  acorns'). 

queror,  questus,  queri,  [ -y/ques], 
3.  v.  n.  and  a.,  complain,  betvail, 
complain  of:  plura  querens  {ut- 
tering further  complaints).  —  Po- 
etically :  bubo  {wail,  cry}. 

querulus,  -a,  -um,  [fquero-  (lost 


228 


Vocabulary. 


rfr  assumed,  akin  to  queror)-f  lus], 
adj.,  complaining:  cicadae  (mel- 
ancholy). 

questus,  -us,  [  -y/ques  (in  queror) 
+  tus],  in.,  a  complaint.  —  Poeti- 
cally, complaining  note,  plaint. 

qui,  quae,  quod,  [pron.  -y/quo  + 
i(?)  and  ^/qui],  rel.  pron.,  who, 
which,  that.  —  Often  with  antece- 
dent not  expressed,  these  who,  those 
who,  what,  whoever,  whatever.  — 
Where  in  Eng.  a  demonstrative  is 
used,  and  he  &c.,  but  he,  he,  this. 

—  Also,  as  (cf.  quails) .  —  quod, 
neut.,  as  to  which,  now,  but,  and : 
quod  si  (now  if)  ;  quod  ut  (and)  ; 
quod  te  oro  (and  so  I  pray). — 
Also,  a  (king  which  (so  id  quod 
in   same    sense)  :  quod  superest 
(furthermore,  it  is  further  to  be 
said,    the  only  thing  remaining). 

—  ex  quo,  from  the  time  when, 
since,  after. 

qui,  abl.  of  qui. 

quia  [case-form  of  fqui-  (prob.  ace. 
plur.  neut.)],  con]., became  (a  real 
reason,  cf.  quoniain  and  quod)  : 
quiane  (is  it  because). 

quia iia in  (or  separate),  [quia  (as 
interr.)  -nam],  adv.,  why,  pray  ? 

quiane,  see  quia. 

quicquam,  see  quisquam. 

quicumque  (-ciinque),  quae-, 
quod-,  (also  separate),  [qui- 
cumque (cf.  quisque)],  indef. 
rel.  pron.,  whoever,  whatever,  all 
who  :  quicunque  violavimus  (all 
of  ^^s  who) ;  sive  quicunque  fu- 
ror (whatever  other).  —  Also,  anv 
whatever,  every  possible  :  quocun- 
quemodo  (in  any  way  whatever). 

—  Neut.  with  partitive  gen. :  quod- 
cunque  regni  (this  realm  such  as 
it  is). 

qiii<lam,  quae-,  quod-  (quid-), 
[qui-dam  (pron.  -^/da,,  cf.  nam, 
tarn  )  ],  imlcf.  pron. ,sonit' on,\  xoi/i,' 
(regularly  a  definite  person,  though 
not  named),  certain,  a. —  Less 
exactly,  some  (indef.),  <>»<•  man. 

quidem  [prob.  qui  (abl.  of  qui) 
-dem,  cf.  Idem],  adv.,  (in  which 


wayt),  (confirmatory  particle,  very 
often  unnecessary  in  Eng.),  truly, 
also,  too.  —  Concessive,  to  be  sure. 
— Adversative,  but,  however :  baud 
impune  quidem ;  et  quidem  (and 
yet).  —  ne  .  .  .  quidem  (enclosing 
the  emphatic  word),  not  even,  >//>>• 
.  .  .  either,  not .  .  .  any  more. 

quies,  -etis,  [fquie-  (cf.  quiesco) 
+  tis  (reduced,  cf.  sementis)], 
f.,  rest,  repose,  sleep,  slumber,  lei- 
stire,  ease,  stillness,  quiet. 

quiesco,  quievl,  quietum,  qui- 
escere,  [fquie-  (of  lost  or  assumed 
tquieo,  Vl11^  °f-  civis,  Kflaat)  + 
SCO],  3.  v.  n.,  come  to  rest,  go  to 
rest,  rest,  repose,  cease,  be  stilled, 
become  silent,  lie  idle,  die  down.  — 
quietus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
qtiiet,  calm,  peaceful,  still,  undis- 
turbed, unruffled,  gentle  :  quietos 
cura  sollicitat  (their  tram/nil 
rest)  ;  quae  vos  fortuna  quietos 
sollicitat  (your  peace) . 

quin  [qui  (abl.  of  quis)  -ne],  adv. 
I.  Interr.,  (how  not?),  why  not? 
(in  exhortations)  come,  now,  nay, 
even,  nay  even,  but  rather,  indeed. 
—  2.  [abl.  of  qui]ne,  rel.  conj., 
so  that  not,  but  that,  so  but  what, 
that,  from  (doing  anything,  with 
verbs  of  hindrance),  to  (do  unv- 
thing,  with  verbs  of  hindrance)  : 
non  possum  quin  (f  cannot  but). 

quin  etiarn,  nay  even,  moreover. 

quini,  -ae,  -a,  [quinque  (reduced) 
+  nus],  num.  adj.  plur.,  Jive  each, 
five  at  a  time.  —  Less  exactly,yfcv. 

qiiinf-ciiti,  -ae,  -a,  [quinque  (or 
quiui  ?)  -genti  (fr.  centum  )  |. 
num.  adj.  \>\wc.,  five  hundred. 

qiiiiiqua<rintn  [quinque  +  unc. 
form,  cf.  irfvrfiKovra],  num.  adj. 
indecl.,  fifty. 

quinque  [?,  cf.  irsWe],  num.  adj. 
indecl.,  Jive. 

quint  us  (old  quinet-),  -a,  -um, 
[quinque  (reduced)  -f  tus],  num. 
adj.,  the  fifth. 

quippc  [quid-pe,  cf.  nempe],  adv., 
truly,  no  doubt,  in  fact,  doubtless  : 
subito  quippe  fugit  Ao\ot(strange 


Vocabulary. 


229 


to  say). —  Ironical,  forsooth,  in- 
deed. —  Also,  for  (strictly  nut  cau- 
sal but  explanatory). 
(jMiii-iimlis,  -e,  [tQuirino-  (re- 
duced) +  alls],  adj.,  of  Quirinus 
(Romulus). 

Quirinus,  -I,  [?,  akin  to  Quiris], 
m.,  the  name  given  to  Romulus  as 
the  divinity  of  Rome. 
(Quiris,  -Itis,(usuallyplur.),  [fCuri- 
(of  Cures),  (lengthened,  cf.  civi- 
Iis)-|-ti8  (cf.  Carmentis)],  m., 
inhabitant  (inhabitants)  of  Cures, 
the  Quirites.  —  Also,  Roman  citi- 
zens, Quirites.  —  Poetically,  citi- 
zens (of  bees) . 

quis,  abl.  or  dat.  plur.  of  qui. 
quis  (qui),  quae  (qua,  indef.), 
quid  (quod),  [pron.  roots  quo 
and  qui  as  stems;  same  word  as 
qui],  interr.  pron.,  who,  what,  what 
sort  of,  in  what  condition.  —  quid, 
neut.,  why,  what;  (interrog.  and 
exclam.),  how  is  it  with  ?  what 
about  ?  what  of?  — •  As  indef.,  an  \>, 
anyone  (sometimes  equal  each  one), 
anything,  one,  some  one,  something. 
quisnam  (qui-),  quae-,  quid- 
(quod-),  (also  separate),  [quis- 
nam, cf.  uaiii  j,  interr.  and  indef., 
who  pray,  what  pray,  who,  what 
(emphatic). 

quisqiiaiii,  quae-,  quid-  (quic-), 
[quis  (as  indef.)  -quam],  indef. 
pron.  (universal,  hence  only  with  a 
negative  expressed  or  hinted  at,  cf. 
aliquis,  quis,  with  affirmatives), 
anyone,  any  man,  anything :  mi- 
natur  si  quisquam adeat  (if  any- 
one should,  &c.,  implying  that  they 
will  not).  — With  expressed  neg., 
no  one,  nothing. 
quisque,  quae-,  quid-  (quic-), 
[quis-que],  indef.  pron.,  each  on 
(of  several,  cf.  uterque),  each, 
every,  everyone,  every  man,  every- 
thing, all. — Often  with  a  superla- 
tive :  proxima  quaeque  {every- 
thing in  the  way,  with  idea  of  suc- 
cession) .  —  With  two,  equal  to  two 
comparatives,  the  more  ,  .  .  the 
more. 


quisquis,  quidquid  (quicquid), 
[quis  doubled],  indef.  rel.  pron., 

whoever,  whatever. 

1.  quo  [prob.  old  dat.  pron.  -y/quo], 
adv.,  whither  (both  interr.  and  rel.), 
where  (in  corrupt  Eng.  sense  of 
whither*).  —  Fig.,  to  what  end,  for 
what  purpose,  of  what  ztst'. 

2.  quo  [abl.  of  pron.  fquo-],  conj. 
(adv.),  (by  -which},  in  order  that, 
that. 

quocirca  (also  separate),  [quo  (abl. 

or  dat.)  -circa],  adv.,  wherefore. 
quocunque  (also  separate),  [quo 
cunque],  rel.  adv.,  whithersoever, 
wherever,  however,  whichever  wa  v 
(ace.  to  English  idiom),  whatever 
way. 

quod  [n.  of  qui,  ace.  or  nom.  (perh. 
both^)],  conj.,  that,  because  (a  real 
cause,  cf.  quoiiiam),  in  that,  as 
to,  as  for  (with  participle  in  Eng.). 
—  est  quod,  there  is  reason  why. 
See  also  qui. 
quoin,  see  cum. 

quomodo  (or  separate),  [quo  (abl.) 
modo],  adv.,  in  what  way,  how, 
in  which  manner,  as. 
quonam  [i .  quo-nam], M\\. , whither 
pray,  Oh  whither,  wliither  (em- 
phatic), where. 

quondam  [quom  (cum)  -dam,  cf. 
quidam],  adv.,  (at  a  certain 
time},  once,  jormerly,  before,  just 
novj.  —  Of  time  future,  one  da\, 
hereafter,  by  and  by.  —  Indef., 
some  time,  sometimes. 
quoniam  [quom-iam],adv.  (conj.), 
now  that.  —  Also,  seeing  that,  si  nee 
(of  an  explanatory  fact,  cf.  quod), 
inasmuch  as. 

quoque  [unc.  form  of  qui  -f  que,  cf. 
quisque],  conj.,  also,  too,  as  well, 
not  less,  even. 

quot  [prob.  pron.  y'quo  +  ti,  cf. 
Sk.  kati],  adj.  indecl.  (interr.  and 
rel.),  how  many,  as  many,  as  (cf. 
quails),  as  many  as  (with  omitted 
antecedent). — quot  (quod)  annis 
(as  many  years  as  there  a  re), 
yearly,  every  year. 
quotaimis,  see  quot  and  aimus. 


230 


Vocabulary. 


quotiens  (-es),  [fqnoti  +  ens,  cf. 
quiuquieus],  adv.,  how  many 
times,  how  often,  as  often,  as  often 


as,  as  many  times  as  (cf.  quot). 
quousqtie  (also  separate),  [i.  quo- 
usque],  adv.,  how  far,  how  long. 


R. 


rabidus,  -a,  -urn,  [noun-stem  akin 
to  rabies  (cf.  rabula)  +  dus], 
adj.,  raving,  raging,  furious,  sav- 
age. —  Transferred,  ravenous,  rav- 
ening:  fames. 

rabies,  -em,  -e,  [-y/rab  (in  rabio, 
etc.)+  ies],  f.,  madness,  rage,  rav- 
ing (inspiration) ,  fury  (of  storms, 
£c.)  :_  edendi,  ventris  (ravening 
hunger"). 

racemus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  cluster  (of 
berries  or  grapes),  a  bunch,  grapes, 
berries. 

radio, -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [fradio-], 

I.  v.  a.  and  n.  {furnish  with  rays). 

-  Intrans.,    shine.  —  radians, 

-ant  is,  p.  as  adj.,  bright,  radiant, 

gleaming. 

radius,  -I  (-11),  [perh.  akin  to  ra- 
dix], m.,  a  staff,  a  rod  (esp.  for 
measuring),  a  spoke,  a  shuttle,  an 
olive  (of  a  peculiar  kind,  don- 
gated"),  a  strand  or  spike  (of  a 
thunderbolt).  —  Esp.,  a  ray,  a 
beam. 

radix,  -Icis,  [perh.  akin  to  radius], 
f.,  a  root.  —  Also,  a  foundation,  a 
fastening  (at  the  bottom). 

rado,  rasi,  rasuin,  raderc,  [?], 
3.  v.  a.,  scrape,  shave,  peel.  —  Fig., 
graze,  pass  closely,  coast  along.  — 
With  cogn.  ace.,  cleave,  skim. 

I  tactic  us  (Rhae-),-a,-um,  [fRae- 
to  +  cus],  adj.,  of  the  Ricti  (a  na- 
tion south  of  the  Danube,  in  Tyrol, 
&c.),  RiCtian ;  Rictica  (a  kind  of 
_grapes). 

ra  incus,  -a,  -um,  [framo-  (re- 
duced) -f  eus],  adj.,  of  branches. 

riimosiis,  -a,  -um,  [framo-  (re- 
duced) +  osus],  adj.,  branching. 

ramus,  -I,  [perh.  akin  to  radix  ], 
m.,  a  bough,  a  branch,  a  tu'ig. 
(Boughs  hung  with  woollen  fillets 
were  borne  by  suppliants) .  —  Po- 
etically as  yielding  fruit. 


rana,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  frog. 

rapax,  -acis,  [-v/rap+  ax,  cf.  ca- 
pax],  adj.,  snatching,  greedy :  flu- 
vi\(rapid,  carrying  everything  with 
them) . 

rapidus,  -a,  -um,  [frapo-  (or  -i) 
+  dus,  cf.  rapio],  adj.,  (seizing), 
fierce,  consuming,  blazing,  fiery 
(of  heat).  —  Also,  swift  (cf.  ra- 
pax), rapid,  hurrying,  quick,  ac- 
tive :  ungula  {flying) ;  vortices 
(whirling). 

rapina,  -ae,  [frapi-  (as  if  stem  of 
rapio)  -fna],  f.,  robbery,  plunder. 
-1-  Concretely,  booty. 

rapio,  rapui,  raptum,  rapere, 
[-y/rap,  akin  to  opiro£&>],  3.  v.  a., 
snatch,  snatch  away,  seize,  carry 
off,  hurry  away,  hurry,  drag, 
wrest  away,  tear  from,  rob  of, 
sweep  away,  sweep  along.  —  Esp., 
plunder,  steal,  ravish,  take,  cap- 
ture. —  raptum,  -I,  n.  p.p.  as 
subst.,  rapine,  plunder,  booty, spoil. 
. —  Intrans.,  hurry  on. 

Ivapo,  -onis,  [rapo],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 

raptiitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  rapto. 

rapt  i  m  [as  if  ace.  of  fraptis  (  ^/r&p 
+  tis),  cf.  partim],  adv.,  hastily, 
swiftly. 

rapto,  -iivi,  -atum,  -arc,  [frapto- 
(cf.  rapio)],  I.  v.  a.,  drag  away, 
hurry  off,  drag. 

raptor,  -oris,  [^/rap  +  tor],  m., 
a  plunderer. —  In  app.  as  adj., 
plundering,  pro-u'ling. 

rapt  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  rapio. 

raresco,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -esccrc, 
[as  if  frare-  (of  lost  or  supposed 
frareo)  +  sco,  cf.  rarus],  3.  v.  n. 
incept.,  gro:v  thin:  claustra  Pe- 
lori  {undt'ii,  become  less  close  to- 
gether). 

rarus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  loose  (op- 
posed to  deusus),  wide  apart, 
thin,  scattered,  rare,  straggling, 


Vocabulary. 


231 


few,  here  and  there,  scanty,  rare- 
fied:  retia  (large-meshed,  coarse)  ; 
voces  {broken'). 

rasilis,  -e,  [fraso  +  Us],  adj.,  pol- 
ished, worked  with  a  chisel. 

rastrum, -I,  (pi.  -i,-6rum),[v'rad 
+  tram],  n.  and  m.,  a  hoe  (toothed 
and  heavy  for  breaking  the  soil). 

rasus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  rado. 

ratio,  -onis,  [as  if  v/ra  (in  reor) 
+  tio  (perh.  -f-rati  +  o)],  f.,  a 
reckoning,  account,  a  plan,  a  way, 
means.  —  Also,  intelligence,  coun- 
sel, devices :  sat  rationia  in  ar- 
mis  {any  sense,  &c.). 

ratis,  -is,  [?,  but  cf.  remus  ?],  f., 
a  raft.  —  Poetically,  a  boat,  a  ship, 
a  vessel. 

ratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  reor. 

raucus,  -a,  -um,  [fravo-  (or  -i, 
cf.  raviis,  ravis)  +  cus],  adj., 
hoarse,  deep,  harsh,  roaring,  mur- 
muring, screaming,  shrill,  clang- 
ing: rauco  assensu  {harsh  ac- 
cord').—  Neut.  as  adv.,  harshly. 

re-  (red-),  [abl.  of  unc.  stem],  prep, 
in  comp.,  back,  again,  un-  (revers- 
ing the  action),  forth. 

rebellis,  -e,  [re-fbello-  (weakened 
and  decl.  as  adj.),  cf.  exanimis], 
adj.,  renewing  a  war,  insurgent, 
risuig  (in  arms,  after  conquest). 

reboo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -are,  [re- 
boo],  I.  v.  n.,  resound,  re-echo. 

recaleo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [re- 
caleo],  2.  v.  n.,  be  warmed :  flu- 
enta  sanguine  {run  warm). 

recedo,  -cessi,  -cessum,  -cedere, 
[re-cedo],  3.  v.  n.,  move  back, 
withdraw,  retire,  retreat,  come  off, 
give  way,  recede,  draw  back,  go 
away,  pass  away. 

recens,  -entis,  [?,  p.  of  lost  verb], 
ad).,fres/t,  new  (not  long  in  exist- 
ence, opposed  to  vetus,  cf.  no- 
vus,  opposed  to  antiquus),  re- 
cent, new-made,  just  risen  :  prata 
rivis  {kept  fresh)  ;  praedae  {new- 
ly-won) ;  recens  a  volnere  {with 
her  wound  sf  ill  fresh) .  —  Xeut.  as 
adv.,y/«/,  lately. 

recenseo,-censul,-ceiisum(-ceu- 


situm),  -censere,  [re-censeo], 
2.  v.  a.,  recount,  enumerate,  reckon 
up,  count. 

recepto,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fre- 
cepto-  (p.p.  of  recipio)],  i.  v.  a., 
draw  back.  —  With  reflexive,  re- 
tire, withdraw,  hide. 

receptus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  recipio. 

receptus,  -us,  [as  if  re-captus,  cf. 
recipio],  m.,  a  retreat,  place  of 
refuge. 

recessus,  -us,  [re-cessus,  cf.  re- 
cedo], m.,  a  retreat,  a  with- 
drawal :  vastus  {depth) .  —  Con- 
cretely, a  recess. 

recidivus,  -a,  -um,  [as  if  -frecidi 
+  vus,  cf.  rccido,  nocivus],  adj., 
recurring.  —  Poetically,  renewed, 
restored. 

recldo,  -cidi,  -clsum,  -cidere, 
[re-caedo],  3.  v.  a.,  cut  away,  cut 
off,  sever. 

recinctus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  recingo. 

recingo,  perf.  not  found,  -cinctum, 
-cingere,  [re-cingo],  3.  v.  a.,  un- 
bind, unloose,  loosen :  recincta 
veste  {in  flowing  robe,  a  style 
peculiar  to  some  rites) . 

recipio,  -cepi,  -ceptum,  -cipere, 
[re-capio],  3.  v.  a.,  take  back,  with- 
draw, draw  back,  recover,  rescue, 
receive  (of  something  due),  exact. 
— Also,  receive  (generally),  admit: 
ad  se  {receive  by  one's  side) .  — 
With  reflexive,  withdraw,  retire. 

recisus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  recldo. 

reclamo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [re- 
clamo],  I.  v.  a.,  cry  out,  roar. 

reclino,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [re- 
clino],  I.  v.  a.,  lean  back:  scuta 
{rest  against  their  spears). 

recludo,  -clusi,  -clusum,  -clude- 
re,  [re-cludo],  3.  v.  a.,  unclose,' 
open,  uncover,  lay  bare,  disclose, 
unsheath,  pierce,  turn  up  (of  the 
earth) .  —  Poetically :  caelum  sol 
{unlock  the  gates  of). 

reclusus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  recludo. 

recoctus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  recoquo. 

recognosco,  -giiovi,  -gnitum, 
-gnoscere,  [re-cognosco],  3.  v.a:, 
review,  examine. 


232 


Vocabulary. 


recolo,  -colui,  -cultum,  -colerc, 

[re-colo],  3.  v.  a.,  refill.  —  Fig., 
consider,  contemplate,  survey. 

ret-oiido,  -fondidi,  -condituin, 
-eoiulerc,  [re-condo],  3.  v.  a., 
hide  away,  conceal,  bury  (of  a 
weapon),  plunge,  deposit. 

recoquo,  -coxi,  -coctum,  -co- 
quere,  [re-coquo],  3.  v.  a.,  re- 
forge,  refine  (by  melting). 

recordor,-atus,-arl,  [lost  stemfre- 
cord-  (re-fcord-,  cf.  coiicors)], 
I.  v.  dep.,  recall  to  mind,  recall. 

rector,  -oris,  [  A/reg  +  tor],  m.,  a 
ruler,  a  director,  a  leader,  a  pilot, 
a  steersman. 

reft  us,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  rego. 

ri-f  nbo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -cubare, 
[re-cubo],  i.  v.  n.,  lie  on  the  back, 
recline,  lie  at  length,  lie. 

rcfiniibo,  -fubul,  -cubitiuii, 
-<•  iimbere,  [re-cumbo],  3.  v.  n., 
lie  down,  lie,  fall  back,  fall,  lie 
low  (of  clouds),  sink. 

recurro,  -curri,  -cursum,  -cur- 
rere,  [re-curro],  3.  v.  n.,  hasten 
back  :  sol  recurrent  (revolving) . 

rcc ii rsfi,  -a vi,  .limn,  -are,  [re- 
curso,  cf.  reeiirro],  I.  v.  n.,  run 
back.  —  Fig.,  recur,  return,  be  re- 
newed, be  repeated:  curae  tuo 
dulci  ex  ore. 

recursus,  -us,  [re-cursus,  cf.  re- 
fiirro],  in.,  a  returning  course,  a 
reflux,  the  ebb  (of  the  waves). 

recurviis,  -a,  -uiri,  [re-curvus], 
adj.,  curving  l<aikward,  curved. 

reffiso,  -avi,  alum,  -are,  [re- 
fcauso,  cf.f  ausor],  I.  v.  a.  and  n., 
(.\euse  one's  self,  make  objection, 
be  reluctant,  refute,  reject,  decline, 
disavow:  longe  (shrink  back  afar). 

re ciisstis,  -a,  -11111,  p.p.  »f  recutio. 

rcfiitio,  perf.  not  found,  -cussuni, 
-cutere,  [re-quatio],  3.  v.  n., 
strike  back.  —  rec ussus,  -a,  -uin, 
p.p.,  re-echoing. 

rcdarguo,  -ui,  no  sup.,  -uere, 
[red-arguo],  3.  v.  a.,  disprove, 
refute. 

redditus,  -a,  -uiu,  p.p.  uf  reddo. 


reddo,  -didi,  -ditum,  -dore,  [red- 
do],  3.  v.  a.,  give  back,  restore, 
return,  repay,  pay,  render. —  \Vitli 
reflexive  or  in  pass.,  return,  go 
back:  redditus  (returning).— 
Also,  give  forth,  give  up,  yield, 
render  up,  utter,  send  forth. — 
Passive,  appear,  come  forth,  be 
heard.  —  Also  of  things  given  as 
due,  give,  consign,  bestmu,  offer  (as 
a  sacrifice),  impose.  —  AL>o,  ren- 
der, make,  imitate,  express. 

redemptus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  re- 
dimo. 

redeo,  -fi  (-Ivi),  -it  u  in,  -Ire,  [red- 
eo],  irr.  v.  n.,  go  back,  return,  come 
back,  come  again,  come  in  (of  a 
race),  bend  around  (of  a  mountain- 
range)  :  anni  (revolve}. 

rciliiinciiluiii,  -i,  [tredimi-  (of 
redimio)  +  culum],  n.,  a  band, 
a  headband,  a  fillet,  a  headdress. 

rediiiiiu, -ii, -it  11111,  -ire,[ ?], 4.\. a., 
bind  around,  encircle,  wreathe. 

rediiuitus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  re- 
diinip. 

rediuiu,  -eini,  -finptuin,  -liucrc, 
[red-emo,  buy'],  3.  v.  a.,  buy  back, 
random,  redeem. 

reditus,  -us,  [red-itus,  cf.  redeo], 
m.,  a  return. 

redoleo,  -olni,  no  sup.,  -olere, 
[red-oleo],  2.  v.  a.  and  n.,  smell 
of,  emit  an  odor,  be  fragrant. 

redflco,  -duxi,  -dnctuni,  -dfif  ore, 
[re-duco],  3.  v.  a.,  lead  back,  bring 
back,  draw  back,  restore,  > 
reducti  remi  (plied with  force); 
reducitur  aestas  (returns').  — 
rcductus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  as  adj., 
retired,  secluded. 

reductus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  reduro. 

redux,  -iifis,  [re-dux],  adj.  i  pass, 
sense),  returning;  returned,  re- 
stored. 

reffftjis,  -a,  -11111,  p.p.  of  rflicio. 

rei'ello,  -felli,  no  sup.,  -fHlrrr, 
[re-fallo],  3.  v.a.,  refute,  disprove. 

refero,  retuli  (rett-),  relatuiii, 
rcfc rre,  [re-fero],  irr.  v.  a.,  bring 
baek,,i  u  iwer,I>ear  back, bring  again, 
restore,  give  back  (echo),  change  : 


Vocabulary. 


233 


pedem,  vestigia  (turn  backward, 
retreat}  ;  consilia  in  melius 
(change);  referri  omnia  (deeline) ; 
vina  Jhrow  up) ;  fert  refertque 
fletus  (bear  again  and  again) ; 
vestigia  in  decimum  annum  (de- 
lay) .  —  With  reflexive  or  in  pass., 
return,  conn  back,  go  back :  hue 
omnia;  currus;  referuntur  ha- 
benis  datis  (ride  back) ;  relatam 
classem  nuntio  (returned). — 
Also,  carry  (something  which  is 
due  or  to  the  place  where  it  be- 
longs), bear,  offer,  fay,  rentier, 
consign:  hunc  sedibus  suis;  venti 
ad  aures  divum  (bear,  whither  it 
is  sent)  ;  terraecacumen  (//««/)  ; 
hoc  manibus  patrum  (give  this 
message) ;  numerum  (report,  ac- 
count for);  gnAea(ma&eretttrtt,cf. 
gratias  ago,gratias  habeo)  ;  se 
pestis  (  flies)  ;  sollemnia  tumulo 
(perform);  in  te  oculos  (turn). 
—  Also,  repeat,  represent,  show 
signs  of,  betray,  resemble :  nomen 
avi  (bear  again) ;  nomine  avum ; 
te  ore  ;  saporem  salis  (show) .  — 
Also,  bring  forth,  titter,  give  out, 
report,  relate,  tell,  mention,  recite  : 
pectore  voces ;  horresco  referens 
(to  relate)  ;  signa  sol  (sho^v, 
give)  ;  valles  pulsae  (echo)  ;  ge- 
mitum  ictus  (give  forth)  ;  ipse 
parentem  te  (claim). 

re  fert,  retulit,  referre,  [unc.  case 
of  res-fert],  irr.  v.  imp.,  it  is  im- 
portant, it  is  expedient. 

relic.iu,  -feel,  -fectuin,  -ileere, 
[re-facio],  irr.  v.  a.,  dutnge,  re- 
new, repair,  restore,  reinforce,  re- 
fresh, encourage. 

rcfigo,    -fixi,    -fixuin,    -figere, 
[re-figo],  3-v.  a.,  unfix,  in, 
(ear  down  :  fixit  leges  refixitque 
(publish  and  tear  down  again,  as 
laws  were  hung  up  on  tablets). 

refingo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -fingere, 
[re-fingo],  3.  v.  a.,  refashion, 
mould  again. 

ref  Ixus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  rcflgo. 

reflecto,  -flexi,  -flexum,  -flecte- 
re,  [re-flecto],  3.  v.  a.,  bend  back, 


turn  back,  bend,  change  :  animum 
(turn  one's  attention).  —  In  pass., 
bend:  reflexus  (bending  round). 

reflexus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  reflecto. 

refluo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -fluere, 
[re-fluo],  3.  v.  n.,  flout  back,  re- 
cede, subside. 

reformido,  perf.  not  found,  -atum, 
-are,  [re-formido],  i .  v.  a.,  dread. 
—  Poetically,  of  trees  injured  by 
pruning. 

refringo,  -fregi,  -f  ractum,-frin- 
gere,  [re-frango],  3.  v.  a.,  break 

off-    a 

refugio,  -fugi,  no  sup.,  -fugere, 
[re-fugio],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,fly  back, 
shrink  back,  flee  away,  recede.  — 
Fig.,  shrink,  be  reluctant,  refuse, 
shrink  from  :  fugit  refugit  (  fly 
this  way  and  that)  :  animus  me- 
minisse  (shrinks  from  the  recollec- 
tion) ;  sol  (hide  himself). 

refulgeo,  -fulsl,  no  sup.,  -fulgere, 
[re-fulgeo],  2.  v.  n.,  shine  forth, 
gleam,  shine,  glitter. 

refundo,  -fudl,  -fusum,  -fuii- 
dere,  [re-fundo],  3.  v.  a.,  pour 
back,  pour  forth,  throw  back.  — 
refusus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.,  thrown 
up, poured  fortli,  overflowing:  re- 
fuso  Oceano  (in  the  surrounding 
ocean). 

refusus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  refuiido. 

refiito,  -avi,  -at  um,  -are,  [re- 
ffuto,  cf.  futatim,  futilis],  i. 
v.  a.,  (force  back),  repel.  —  Also, 
refute,  confute,  prove  false. 

regalis,  -e,  [freg-  (of  rex)-f  alis], 
adj.,  kingly,  royal,  regal :  comae 
(of  the  princess). 

regificus,  -a,  -um,  [freg-  (as  if 
regi-)  -ficus],  adj.,  regal. 

regina,  -ae,  [freg+ina,  cf.  gal- 
lina],  f.,  a  queen,  a  princess. — 
Of  a  divinity,  royal  mistress. —  In 
app.  as  adj.,  royal  (of  the  royal 
blood). 

regio,  -onis,  [as  if  v^S  +  *°  (prol)- 
through  adj.-stem)],  f.,  a  direction, 
a  course.  —  Also  (cf.  fines),  a 
region,  a  quarter. 

regius,  -a,  -um,  [freg  + ius],adj., 


234 


Vocabulary. 


of  a  king,  royal  (cf.  rcgalis,  re- 
gal}. —  Also,  princely,  queenly, 
magnificent.  —  regia,  fern.,  (sc. 
domus),  a  royal  abode,  a  palace, 
a  royal  city. 

regnator,  -orls,  [fregna  (of  reg- 
no)  +  tor],  m.,  a  ruler,  a  sov- 
ereign, a  king. 

regnatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  regno. 

regno,  -avl,  -atuin,  -are,  [freg- 
no],  I.  v.  n.  and  a.,  reign,  rule, 
bear  sway.  —  Act.,  rule  over. — 
Impersonal :  regnabitur  (the  rule 
shall  l>e}.  —  regnandam  Albam 
acceperit  {the  throne  of  Alba} ; 
regnandi  cupido  (of  regal  power) ; 
ignis  regnat  per  ramos  (rage 
tinconlrolled}. 

regnum,  -I,  [-^reg  +  num  (n.  of 
-nus,  cf.  plenus)],  n.,  a  realm,  a 
kingdom,  regal  power,  a  throne,  a 
reign,  command,  authority. 

rego,  rexi,  rectum,  regere,  [  y/reg, 
akin  to  Gr.  opeyw,  Sk.  rajan  (cf. 
Rajah),  Eng.  right\,  3.  v.  a.,  di- 
rect (orig.  as  of  a  line,  &c.  ?) , guide, 
steer:  sol  orbem  {hold  its  course} . 

—  Esp.,  govern,   rule,  sway,  con- 
trol:  imperium  Dido  {hold  sov- 
ereign command}.  —  rcctus,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  straight,  direct, 
right:    rectis  vestigia   pedibus 
{straight-forward  tracks} ;    recto 
flumine  {straight  up  the  river} ; 
recto   litore    {straight  along  the 
shore}.  —  Neut.    as   subst.,    right, 
virtue. 

regressus,  -us,  [re-gressus,  cf.  re- 
gredior],  m.,  a  return,  a  change 
_  (gomg  back). 

reicio  (relic-,  reic-),  -ieci,  -lec- 
tum,  -icere,  [re-iacio],  3.  v.  a., 
throw  back,  throw  away,  throw  off, 
throw  down,  drive  back,  hurl  back. 

—  Fig.,  reject,  refuse,  cast  (of  the 
eyes),  turn  away. 

reiecto,  -avl,  -atuin,  -are,  [re- 
iacto,  cf.  reicio],  I.  v.  a.,  throw- 
ing  forth,  throwing  out. 

reiectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  reicio. 

relabor,  -lapsus,  -labi,  [re-labor] , 
3.  v.  dep.,  glide  back,  recede. 


relatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  refero. 

relaxo,  -avi,  -atuiii,  -are,  [re- 
laxo],  I.  v.  a.,  loosen,  free,  open, 
rarefy. 

relcgS,  -legi,  -lectum,  -legeiv, 
[re-lego],  3.  v.  a.,  coast  by  again, 
sail  along  again. 

relego,  -avl,  -atuin,  -are,  [re- 
lego],  I.  v.  a.,  remove,  send  away, 
banish,  consign,  entrust. 

relictus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  relinquo. 

religatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  rellgo. 

religio  (rell-),  -onis,  [prob.  re- 
legio,  cf.  relego],  f.,  {reverence, 
diligent  attention  to  a  person,  cf. 
observantia)  .  —  Esp.,  reverence 
for  the  gods,  piety,  devotion,  re- 
ligion, veneration.  —  Also,  a  cere- 
mony, an  observance,  a  rite,  sacred 
rites  :  prospera  {omens}  .  —  Also, 
of  things,  sanctity,  holiness.  — 
Transf.,  divinity  (thing  sacred). 

religiosus  (rell-),  -a,  -um,  [fre- 
ligion  +  osus,  poss.  fr.  some  sim- 
pler stem],  adj.,  sacred,  venerable. 

religo,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [re- 
ligo],  I.  v.  a.,  bind  fast,  fasten, 
tether.  —  Esp.  of  vessels,  moor. 

relino,  -levl,  -litum,  -liuere,  [re- 
lino],  3.  v.  a.,  unseal,  open. 

relinquo,  -liqui,  -lictum,  -lin- 
quere,  [re-linquo],  3.  v.  a.,  leave 
behind,  leave,  abandon,  depart 
from,  forsake,  give  up,  relinquish, 
desert. 

reliquiae  (rell-),  -arum,  [freli- 
quo-  (reduced)  +  ia],  f.  plur., 
remnants  :  Danaum  {remnants 


reluceo,   -lux  I,   no  sup.,  -liicci-f, 

[re-luceo],   2.  v.  n.,  shine  forth, 

blaze  up,  shine,  glare. 
reluctor,  -atus,  -ari,  [re-luctor], 

I.  v.  dep.,  struggle. 
remensus,    -a,   -um,   p.p.  of  rc- 

metlor. 
remeo,   -avl,  no  sup.,  -are,   [re- 

meo],  i.  v.  n.,  return. 
rcmetior,  -mensus,  -metiri,  [re- 

metior],  4.  v.  dep.,  measure  back, 

retrace,  traverse  again. 


Vocabulary. 


235 


remex,  -iffis,  [prob.  -fremo-agus 
(reduced,  cf.  prodigus)],  m.,  an 
oarsman,  a  rower. —  Collectively, 
oarsmen. 

remigium,  -i,  (-11),  [fremig  + 
ium],n.,  rowing,  oars  (collective- 
ly), oarsmen.  —  Poetically:  ala- 
rum (machinery). 

reiiiiniscor,  no  p.p.,  reininisci, 
[re-miniscor,  cf.  coiiimiiiiscor, 
Y/man],  3.  v.  clep.,  remember. 

remiss  us,  -a,  -uiii,  p.p.  of  remitto. 

remitto,  -misi,  -missum,  -mit- 
terc,  [re-mitto],  3.  v.  a.,  let  go 
back,  send  back,  return,  repay.  — 
\\'ith  reflexive,  return,  come  back. 
— Also,  give  tip,  yield,  relax,  abate. 
— With  reflexive, _j7W</,  admit  one's 
self  conquered.  —  Also,  send  forth, 
yield,  give  out. 

reiuordeo,  perf.  not  found,  -mor- 
suin,  -mordere,  [re-mordeo], 
2.  v.  a.,  gnaw,  vex,  trouble. 

remotus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  removeo. 

removeo,  -movi,  -motum,  -mo- 
vere,  [re-moveo],  2.  v.  a.,  move 
away,  remove,  conceal. 

ri'iniii;io,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -mu- 
j?Ire,  [re-mugio],  i.  v.  n.,  bellow 
for  111,  resound,  bellow,  roar,  mur- 
mur. 

rcmulceu,  -mulsl,  -mulsum, 
-imilcere,  [re-mulceo],  2.  v.  a., 
droop  (of  an  animal's  tail,  with  al- 
lusion to  the  petting  of  domestic 
animals) . 

Kcmuliis,  -I,   [?],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 

rcmuriiiiiro,  no  perf.,  no  sup., 
-are,  [re-murmuro],  i .  v.  n.,  give 
forth  a  murmur,  murmur,  roar. 

KCIMIIS,  -I,  [?],  m. :  I.  The  brother 
of  Romulus  ;  2.  A  Rutulian. 

remus,'-!,  [prob.  akin  to  fpfTpts], 
m.,  an  oar. 

reuarro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [re- 
narro],  i.  v.  a.,  relate,  tell. 

renascor,  -iiatus,  -niisci,  [re- 
nascor],  3.  v.  dep.,  spring  again, 
grow  again. 

renatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  renascor. 

renidco(-nidui),  no  sup.,  -iiidrrc, 
[?],  2.  v.  n.,  beam  forth,  gleam. 


renovo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [re- 

novo],  I.  v.  a.,  renew. 
reor,  ratus,  rerl,  [fre-  (of  res), 

or  stem  akin],  2.  v.  dep.,  reckon, 

—  think,  suppose,  judge,  suspect.  — 
ratus, -a,  -um,  p.p.  in  act.  sense, 
thinking,  &c.;    in  pass,  sense,  con- 
firmed, certain,  valid,  settled,  se- 
cured. 

repello,  rlpuli  (repp-),  repul- 
»u  m,  repellere,[re-pello],  3-v.a., 
drive  back,  dash  back,  spurn,  re- 
pel, thwart,  reject. 

rependo,  -peiidi,  -pensum,  -peii- 
dere,  [re-pendo],  3.  v.  a., 
back.  —  Also    (cf.    pendo),    pay 
back,  requite:  magna  (fully  re- 
quite) ;   fata  fatis  (l>alance~) . 

repens,  -entis,  [?],  adj.,  sudden, 
unexpected. 

repente  [abl.  of  repeiis],  adv., 
suddenly,  unexpectedly. 

repercussus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  rc- 
peroutio. 

repercutio,  -cussi,  -cussum,  -cu- 
tere,  [re-percutio],  3.  v.  a.,  strike 
back,  reflect. 

reperio,  reperl  (repp-),  reper- 
tum,  reperire,  [re(red)-pario], 
4.  v.  a.,  find,  discover,  detect. 

repertor,  -oris,  [as  if  re-partor, 
cf.  reperio],  in.,  a  discoverer,  an 
inventor,  a  progenitor  (cf.  pario) . 

ropci'tus,  -a,  -ran, p.p.  of  reperio. 

rcpctitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  repeto. 

repeto,  -petii  (-Ivi),  -petitum, 
-petere,  [re-peto],  4.  v.  a.,  go 
back  for,  go  back  to,  seek  again,  re- 
turn, bring  back,  demand  back, 
/race  tack,  begin  again,  repeat, 
remember. 

repleo,  -plevi,  -pletum,  -plere, 
[re-fpleo,  cf.  compleo],  2.  v.  a., 
fill  up,  fill,  swell  (of  rivers)  :  popu- 
los  sermone  (fill  the  ears  of, 

&c.)- 

repletus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  repleo. 
repono,    -posui,   -positum,    -po- 

ncrc,  [re-pono],  3.  v.  a.,  put  hack, 
replace,     restore,     repair,    rene:^. 

—  Also,  put  aside,  lav  down,  put 
down,  set  do^-n,  abandon  :  falcem 


236 


Vocabulary. 


arbusta  (need  no  more).  — Also, 
carry  away,  lay  away,  put  away, 
lay,  serve  up,  confer  upon,  store 
away :  haec  imis  sensibus  (let 
sink  deep).  —  repositus  (repos- 
tus),  p.p.  as  adj.,  far  away,  dis- 
tant, remote.  —  Also,  buried. 

reporto,  -avi,  -atuin,  -are,  [re- 
porto],  I.  v.  a.,  bring  back,  carry 
back,  report,  announce :  pedem 
ab  hoste  (turn  back). 

reposco,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -poscere, 
[re-posco],  3.  v.  a.,  demand  back, 
demand  (as  due),  claim,  call  for. 

repostus,  -a,  -uiu,  see  rcpono. 

reprimo,  -press!,  -pressuni,  -prl- 
inere,  [re-primo],  3.  v.  a.,  hold 
back,  check,  restrain,  stop. 

repugiio,  -avi,  -alum,  -are,  [re- 
pugno],  I.  v.  n.,  resist,  struggle. 

repulsus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  repello. 

requies,  -etis  (-ei),  [re-quies],  f., 
res/;  repose,  respite,  cessation  :  tu 
requies  miserae  (rest,  solace) ;  ea 
certa  labor  um  (rest,  haven). 

requiesco,  -quievi,  -quietum, 
-quiescere,  [re-quiesco],  3-v.  n., 
rest :  Jlumina  (stay  their  course) . 

requiro,  -quisivi,  -quisituin, 
-quirere,  [re-quaero],  3.  v.  a., 
seek  out,  search  for,  seek,  call  for, 
miss,  feel  the  need  of,  ask,  enquire. 

res,  rei,  [?,  cf.  reor],  f.,  a  thing, 
a  matter,  an  event,  an  affair,  an 
occurrence,  a  circumstance,  an  ex- 
ploit, an  enterprise,  an  undertak- 
ing, a  state  of  things  :  res  Italae 
(exploits,  history).  —  Also  (plur.), 
nature,  the  earth,  the  universe:  sors 
rerum  (part  of  the  universe) ; 
rerum  ( in  the  ivorld,  with  superl.) ; 
rerum dominos (<?////<'  world);  res 
tenerae  (  frail  creatures)  ;  max- 
ima rerum  (of  nil  things') .  —  Also 
(with  or  without  an  adj.,  fortune 
(either  good  or  bad),  circum- 
stances, power,  the  State,  empire, 
condition,  properly,  estate  :  sum- 
mae  res  (the  highest  interests) ; 
tenues  res  (humble  fortunes)  ; 
fessi  rerum  (weary  of  their  lot). 
—  Also :  rebus  novandis  (for 


the  new  course  of  action)  ;  res 
tuae  (your  interests,  party)  •  res 
incognita  (uncertain  state  of 
things);  res  divinae  (religions 
riles)  ;  res  summa  (the  main 
struggle,  the  general  success)  ;  pro 
re  (under  the  circumstances). 

rescindo,  -scidi,  -scissum,  -scin- 
dere,  [re-scindo],  3.  v.  a.,  cut 
away,  tear  away,  tear  down,  lav 
open,  cut  into. 

reseco,  -secui,  -sectuni,  -secare, 
[re-seco],  i.  v.  a.,  cut  away,  cut 
off,  trim  off. 

resero,  -avi,  -atuin,  -are,  [re- 
sero],  I.  v.  a.,  unbar,  unclose,  open, 
disclose,  reveal. 

reservo,  -avi,  -atuin,  -are,  [re- 
servo],  i.v.  a.,  keep  back,  reserve, 
hold  in  reserve,  keep,  save. 

freses,  -idis,  [re-Vsed  as  stem,  cf. 
deses],  adj.,  idle,  inactive,  dor- 
mant, peaceful. 

resideo,  -sedi,  -sessum,  -sidere, 
[re-sedeo],  2.  v.  n.,  sit  down. 

resido,  -sedi,  no  sup.,  -sidere,  [re- 
sido],  3.v.  n.,  sit  down,  sink  down, 
halt,  encamp,  settle,  fall  back.  — 
Fig.,  subside,  abate,  cease,  become 
(aim  (of  the  heart  from  passion). 

resigii§,  -avi,  -atuin,  -are,  [re- 
signo],  i.v.  a.,  unseal,  open.  — 
Poss.  also,  seal,  close  (  ?)  . 

resistu,  -stlti,  no  sup.,  -sistnv, 
[re-sisto],  3.  v.  n.,  stop,  make  a 
stand,  stand  back  (u\vay),  stand 
firm,  resist,  oppose,  withstand. 

resolfitus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  rcsolvo. 

rcsolvo,  -solvi,  -sulutiuii,  '-sol- 
vcr«-,  [re-solvo],  3.  v.  a.,  unloose, 
unbind,  unseal,  disentangle,  open, 
break  through,  relax,  scatter,  dis- 
solve :  ambages  (unravel)  ;  iura 
(violate,  break  the  tie)  ;  curas 
(break  the  bonds  of  care).  —  With 
reflexive  or  in  pass.,  dissolve,  thaw, 


rosono,  -avi,  no  sup.,  -are,  [re- 
sono],  i.v.  n.,  resound,  murmur. 
—  Active,  cause  to  sound,  fill  with 
(song),  make  echo.  —  Also,  sound 
(with  the  notes  of),  cf.  redoleo, 


Vocabulary. 


237 


(smell of}.  —  With  cogn.  ace.,  re- 
sound unth,  echo  the  name  of: 
Amaryllida  silvae. 

resorbeo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -sor- 
bere,  [re-sorbeo],  2.  v.  a.,  draw 
in  again,  draw  in,  suck  in. 

respecto,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [re- 
specto], i.  v.  a.,  look  back  upon, 
regard. 

respergo,  -spersi,  -spersuni, 
-spergere,  [re-spergo],  3.  v.  a., 
besprinkle,  sprinkle. 

respicio,  -spexl,  -spcctum,  -spi- 
cere,  [re-spicio,  cf.  conspicio], 
3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  look  back,  look  be- 
hind one,  look  around,  look  up. — 
Act.,  look  back  for,  see  behind  one, 
looking  round  see,  notice,  consider, 
regard,  have  regard  for. 

respiro,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [re- 
spiro],  i.  v.  n.,  breathe,  draw 
breath. 

resplendeo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -ere, 
[re-splendeo],  2.  v.  n.,  shine  forth, 
glitter.  ^ 

responded,  -spondi,  -sponsum, 
-spondere,  [re-spondeo],  2.  v.  n., 
answer,  reply,  correspond  to,  re- 
spond, match,  reciprocate,  answer 
expectations  (produce,  grow}. — 
Poetically,  with  cogn.  ace.,  echo 
back. 

response,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -are, 
[fresponso-j,  i.  v.  n.,  respond, 
re-echo. 

respdnsum,  -I,  [n.  p.p.  of  respon- 
deo],  n.,  an  answer,  a  reply.  — 
Esp.,  an  oracle,  a  prophecy,  pro- 
phetic words,  a  response. 

restinctus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  re- 
stiiiguo. 

restinguo,  -stinxi,  -stinetum, 
-stinguere,[re-stinguo],  3.  v.  a., 
quench,  extinguish. — Also  of  thirst. 

restituo,  -stitui,  -stitutum, -sti- 
tuere,  [re-statuo],  3.  v.  a.,  set  up 
again,  restore. 

resto,  -stiti,  no  sup.,  -stare,  [re- 
sto], I.  v.  n.,  step  behind.  —  Fig., 
remain,  be  left,  be  in  s/ore  for  one. 

result  o,  no  perf.,  -atum,  -are,  [re- 
salto,  cf.  resillo],  i.  v.  n.,  spring 


back,  rebound,  echo.  —  Also  of  the 
object  from  which,  re-echo,  echo 
back. 

resupinus,  -a,  -um,  [re-supinus], 
adj.,  on  the  back. 

resurgo,  -surrexi,  -surrectum, 
-surgere,  [re-surgo],  3.  v.  n., 
rise  again  :  amor  (return), 

retardo,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [re- 
tardo],  i.  v.  a.,  delay,  hinder. 

rete,  -is,  [?],  n.,  a  net. 

retectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  retego. 

retego,  -texl,  -tectum,  -tegerc, 
[re-tego],  3.  v.  a.,  uncover,  lay 
bare,  disclose,  expose. 

retento,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [re- 
tento,  cf.  retiiieo],  I.  v.  a.,  hold 
back,  detain,  retard. 

retexo,  -texul,  -textum,  -texere, 
[re-texo],  3.  v.  a.,  weave  again  : 
totidem  orbes  (interweave  in  the 
opposite  direction} . 

retiiiaculum,  -I,  [fretina-  (as  if 
stem  of  retineo,  cf.  tenax)  + 
culum],  n.,  a  rope,  a  cable,  a 
tether,  a  withe. 

retineo,  -tinul,  -tentum,  -tinere, 
[re-teneo],  2.  v.  a.,  hold  back,  de- 
tain, slop,  restrain. 

retorqueo,  -torsi,  -tortum,  -tor- 
quere,  [re-torqueo],  2.  v.  a., 
turn  backt  twist  around,  throw 
back:  mentem  (changed  her  pur- 
pose} ;  retorto  amictu  (thrown 
over  the  shoulder}. 

retortus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  retor- 
queo. 

retracto,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [re- 
tracto],  i.  v.  a.,  handle  again, 
seize  again:  ferrum  digit!  (clench}. 
—  Also  (trans,  and  intrans.),  draw 
back  :  dicta  (retract) . 

retraho,  -traxi,  -tractum,  -tra- 
here,  [re-traho],  3.  v.  a.,  draw 
back  :  pedem  (of  the  undertow  of 
the  wave) .  —  Also,  draff  again  : 
fata  trahunt  retrahunt  (drag  to 
and  fro}. 

retro  [dat.  of  fretro-  (re  +  terus, 
cf.  intro)],  adv.,  back,  backward 
(sometimes  pleonastic  with  re-)  : 


238 


Vocabulary. 


arva  cedentia  retro  {receding  in 
Ike  distance} ;  retro  residunt 
(draw  back). 

retrorsum  (-rsus),  [retro-vorsus, 
p.p.  ofyerto],  adv.,  backward,back. 

retundo, -tudi,  -tusuiii,  -tundere, 
[re-tundo],  3.  v.  a.,  beat  back, 
blunt:  retusum  ferrum  (a  dull 
knife). 

retusus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  retundo. 

reus,  -I,  [fre-  (of  res)  +  us  (or 
-ius)],  m.,  a  party  (to  a  suit,  res). 
—  Esp.,  a  defendant.  —  Hence, 
guilty,  bound:  voti  (bound  by  on^s 
vow,  having  obtained  his  prayer). 

reveho,  -vexi,  -vectum,  -vehere, 
[re-veho],  3.  v.  a.,  carry  back, 
bring  back. 

revello,  -velli,  -valsuin  (vols-), 
-vellere,  [re-vello],  3.  v.  a., 
wreiifh  away,  tear  away,  drag 
from  :  cineres  (dig  up) . 

revertor,  -versus,  (also  act.  re- 
verti),  reverti,  [re-vertor],  3.  v. 
dep.,  turn  back,  return,  be  renewed 
(grow  again). 

rrvinoio,  -viiixl,  -vinctiim,  -vin- 
<-Iro,  [re-vincio],  4.  v.  a.,  bind 
back,  bind  fast,  wreathe :  quas 
serpentum  spiris  (crown,  arm, 
of  the  Furies) . 

reviiictiis,-a,-uin,p.p.ofrevineio. 

reviresco,  -virui,  no  sup.,  -vires- 
cere,  [re-viresco],  3.  v.  n.,  sprout 
again, 

reviso,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -viscre, 
[re-viso],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  revisit, 
rdurn  to. 

revoeatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  revoco. 

revoco,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [re- 
voco], I.  v.  a.,  call  back,  restore, 
renew,  revive,  bring  to  life :  gra- 
dum,  pedem  (retrace) ;  exordia 
pugnae  (recall,  relate).  —  Also, 
detain,  dissuade. 

rcvolfi,  -avi,  no  sup.,  -are,  [re- 
volo],  I.  v.  n.,  fly  back. 

r<vvolfitus,-a,-iiin,p.p.of  revolvo. 

rcvolvo,  -volvi,  -vointum,  -vol- 
vcre,  [re-volvo],  3.  v.  a.,  roll 
back,  throw  back,  throw  over.  — 
Also,  go  round  again,  repeat :  iter 


(retrace);  casus  (repeat  thi  round 
of,  &c.);  haec  ingrata  (repeat, 
renew,  in  narration).  —  revolfi- 
tus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  in  several  spe- 
cial senses  :  ter  revoluta  toro  est 
(fell  back)  ;  Caeneus  in  veterem 
figuram  (restored  again)  ;  dies 
(returning) ;  pansa  (fell  from 
the/iands);  aequora  (turbulent); 
aestu  revoluta  saxa  (washtJ 
down,  by  the  undertow) ;  ille 
iacuit  (rolling  over) ;  alter  suf- 
fosso  equo  (thrown  backward). 

revomo,  -voniiil,  no  sup.,-vomero, 
[re-vomo],  3.  v.  a.,  throw  up. 

revulsus  (-volsus),  -a,  -um,  p.p. 
of  revello. 

rex,  regis,  [VreS  (increased)  as 
stem],  m.,  a  kin^,  a  prince,  a 
leader.  —  Also  of  divinities,  rivers, 
a  mountain  (producing  the  "prince 
of  wines").  —  As  adj.  in  app., 
ruling. 

R liadama lit  hus,  -i,  [Gr.  'PaSd/nav- 
6os],  m.,  a  brother  of  Minos,  and 
son  of  Jupiter,  who  was  driven  from 
Crete  by  his  brother.  After  his 
death  he  was  made  a  judge  in  the 
world  below. 

Rhamnes,  -etls,  [?],  m.,  a  prince, 
and  augur  of  Turnus. 

Rhea,  -ae,  [  ?],f.,  a  mythic  priestess, 
mother  of  Aventinus  by  Hercules. 

Rhenus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  the  Rhine,  the 
river  separating  Gaul  and  ( lermany . 

Rhesus,  -i,  [Gr.  'Prjo-os],  m.,  a  king 
of  Thrace  whose  horses  were  car- 
ried away  before  Troy  by  1 
and  Diomed,  before  they  had  eaten 
or  drunk,  according  to  an  omen  or 
prophecy. 

Rhodius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  'Po'Sios], 
adj.,  of  Rhodes  (an  island  in  the 
eastern  Mediterranean),  Rhodian. 

Rhodope,  -es,  [Gr.  'Po5(knj],  f.,  a 
mountain  of  Thrace. 

Rhodopcius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  'PoSo- 
mrjjos],  adj.,  of  Rhodope. —  Less 
exactly,  Thracian. 

Rhoebus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  the  war-horse 
of  Me/.entius. 

lilioctcius, -a,  -um,  [Gr.  'PorHjjos], 


Vocabulary. 


239 


adj.,  of  Rhatetim  (a  promontory  of 

theTroad). — Less  exactly,  Trojan. 

Rhoeteus,  -ei  (-eos),    [?],  m.,   a 

Rutulian. 
Rhoetus,  -i,  [?],  m. :   I.  A  king  of 

the^Marsi;   2.  A  centaur. 
rideo,  risi,  risuni,  ridere,  [?], 
2.  v.  a.  and  n.,  laugh  at,  smile  at, 
smile  upon,  smile.  —  Fig.,  bloom, 
smile. 

rigeo  (rigui,  referred  to  rigesco), 
no  sup.,  rigere,  [?,  \/rig,  through 
adj.-stem,  cf.  rigidus,  perh.  akin 
to  f rigeo],  2.  v.  n.,  be  stiff,  be  stif- 
fened. —  rigens,  -entis,  p.  as  adj., 
stiff,  stiffened. 

rigesco,  rigui,  no  sup.,  rigescere, 
[frige-  (of  rigeo)  +  sco],  3.  v.  n. 
incept.,  grow  stiff,  stiffen,  congeal, 
freeze. 

rigidus,  -a,  -urn,  [frigo  +  dus,  cf. 
rigeo],  adj.,  stiff,  rigid,  hard,  un- 
bending, solid. — Of  weapons,  irre- 
sistible {unbending, •&•>  not  yielding 
to  any  obstruction). 
rigo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [?,  cf.  Gr. 
/3pe'x<",  fr.  adj.-stem,  cf.  rigtius], 
I.  v.  a.,  water,  wash,  wet,  bathe, 
stain. 

rigor,  -oris,  [  vMg  (in  rigeo)  + 
or],  m.,  hardness  :  ferri  (unyield- 
ing iron). 

rigiius,  -a,  -uni,  [^rig  (in  rigo) 
+  uus,  cf.  nocuus],  adj.,  -water- 
ing, irrigating. 

rima,  -ae,  [prob.  root  of  ringor  + 
ma],  f.,  a  crack,  a  chink,  a  scam, 
a  cleft  :  ignea  (a  fiery  cleft,  of  the 
lightning). 

rimor, -atus,  -ari,[trima-],i.v.a., 
prv  into,  search,  dig  tip,  hunt  for, 
hunt  for  food  in,  tear  (by  rum- 
maging). 
rliiiosus,   -a,   -uni,    [frima-    (re- 


cubilia   (loose -jointed);    cymba 
(leaky). 

npa,  -ae,  [?,  same  root  as  rivus?], 
f.,  a  bank  (of  a  river,  &c.,  cf.  litus, 
and  ora,  of  the"  sea).  —  Less  ex- 
actly, shore.  —  Poetically,  of  the 
river  itself,  shore  (as  in  Eng.). 


Riphaeus,  -a,  -urn,  [Gr.  'Pnrcuo], 
adj.,  of  the  Ripluti  (a  range  of 
mountains  in  Thrace),  Riplucan. 

Ripheus,  -el  (-eos),  [Gr.  'Pt^eus], 
m.,  a  Trojan  warrior  at  the  sack 
of  Troy. 

risus,  -us,  [  v/rid  (in  rideo)  +  tus], 
m.,  laughter,  a  laugh,  a  smile. 

rite  [prob.  abl.  of  stem  akin  to 
ritus],  adv.,  with  due  ceremony, 
in  due  form,  duly.  —  Less  exactly, 
as  usual,  rightly,  fitly,  aptly. 

ritus,  -us,  [  y'ri  (of  unc.  kin.)  + 
tus,  cf.  rite],  m.,  a  form,  a  rite,  a 
ceremony.  —  Less  exactly,  a  cus- 
tom, a  usage.  —  ritu,  abl.,  /'//  the 
manner  of,  just  like. 

rivus,  -i,  [?,  cf.  ripa,  perh.  akin  to 
Gr.  pew],  m.,  a  stream,  a  brook,  a 
river,  a  canal,  a  sluice.  —  Also,  a 
vein.  —  Poetically,  of  sweat  and 
the  like. 

robigo  (rub-),  -inis,  [stem  akin  to 
rubeo  -f  go,  cf.  aerugo],  f.,  rust 
(of  metals  or  of  grain),  blight. 

robur,  -oris,  [?,  unc.  root-4-us], 
n., hardwood,  timber,  wood,  a  beam, 
a  log,  a  stout  stick :  annoso  ro- 
bore  quercum  (of  aged  trunk} . — 
—  Esp.,  an  oak  tree,  oak.  —  Fig., 
strength  (of  resistance ),  force,  vig- 
or, courage  :  pubis  (the  flower)  ; 
quae  robora  cuique  (virtue,  of 
soils);  ferri  (strong bars}. 

robustus,  -a,  -um,  [frobus  +  tus, 
cf.  honestus],  adj.,  stout,  sturdy. 
rogito,  I.  v.  a.,  ask,  enquire. 
rogo,  -avi, -atum, -are,  [?],i.  v.a., 

ask,  beg,  sue  for,  ask  for. 
rogus,  -i,  [?],  m.,  a  funeral  pile,  a 

pyre. 
Roma,  -ae,  [most  likely  akin  to  Gr. 

f>t<a],  f.,  Rome. 

Romanus,  -a,  -um,  [fRoma  + 
nus],  adj.,  Roman,  of  Rome. — 
Masc.,  a  Roman. 

Roiiiuleus,  -a,  -um,  [fRomulo- 
(reduced)-f-eus],  adj.,  of  Romulus. 
Roiiuilides,  -ae,  [Romulo  +  des 
(Gr.  form  of  patronymic)],  m.  only 
in  plur.,  descendants  of  Romulus 
(the  Romans),  sons  of  Romulus. 


240 


Vocabulary. 


Romulus,  -I,  [stem  akin  to  Roma 
+  lus],  m.,  the  mythic  founder  of 
Rome. 

Romulus,  -a,  -uin,  [same  word  as 
preceding,  decl.  as  adj.],  adj.,  of 
Romulus. 

roro,  -avl,  -atiim,  -are,  [fror- 
(for  ros)  as  if  froro-j,  I.  v.  n.  and 
a.,  drop  dew,  drip  (as  with  dew). 

ros,  roris,  [?,  prob.  an  initial  cons, 
lost],  m.,  dew.  —  Less  exactly, 
water,  rain,  moisture,  drops  (of 
other  fluids),  spray. —  ros  inarl- 
nus  (sometimes  omitted),  rose- 
mary. 

rosa,  -ae,  [perh.  akin  to  Gr.fitSov'], 
f.,  a  rose,  roses  (collectively). 

rosarius,  -a,  -um,  [as  if  (or  really) 
frosari-  (frosa  +  ris)  +  us],  adj., 
of  roses.  —  As  subst.,  a  rose-bed. 

roscidus,  -a,  -um,  [frosco-  (fros 
-f  cus,  cf.  iuvcncus)  +  dus],  adj., 
wet  with  dew,  dewy. 

rosetum,  -I,  [frosa-  (reduced)  + 
etum,  cf.  clumetuin],  n.,  a  rose- 
bed,  a  rose-garden. 

roseus,-  a,  -um,  [frosa-  (reduced) 
+  eus],  adj.,  of  roses.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, rose-colored,  rosy. 

Roseus,  -a,  -um,  [prob.  frosa-], 
adj.,  of  Rosea  (a  district  of  middle 
Italy  famous  for  fertility),  Roseau. 

rostratus,  -a,  -um,  [frostro-  (re- 
duced) +  atus,  cf.  auratus],  adj., 
furnished  with  beaks. 

rostrum,  -I,  [y'rod  +  trum],  n., 
a  beak,  a  bill,  a  proboscis  (of  the 
bee).  —  Esp.,  a  beak  (of  a  ship). 

rota,  -ae,  [akin  to  Sk.  ratha,  Cerm. 
Rad^\,  f.,  a  wheel  (with  spokes), 
a  chariot,  a  cart.  —  Poetically  : 
volvere  rotara  (run  a  course,  of 
years). 

roto,  -avl,  -atum,  -arc,  [frota-], 
I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  whirl  i!/i<>nf,  brand- 
ish.^—  Intrans.,  roll. 

rubeo,  no  pcrf.,  no  sup.,  -ere, 
[frubo-  (^/rub  +  us,  cf.  robns, 
robigo,  rubcr)],  2.  v.  n.,  be  red, 
redden,  /'lush,  shine,  gliw.  —  ru- 
bens,  -entis,  p.  as  adj.,  red,  ruddy, 
blushing,  rosy. 


rubor,  -bra,  -brum,  [  -y/rub  +  rus, 
cf.  rubeo],  adj.,  red,  ruddy,  crim- 
son, rosy-tinted :  litus  (of  the  Red 
Sea). 

rubesco,  -rubui,  no  sup.,  -rube- 
scere,  [frube  (of  rubeo) -f  sco], 
3.  v.  n.,  redden,  be  reddened. 

rubeus,  -a,  -um,  [frubo-  (reduced) 
-feus],  adj.,  of  brambles :  virga 
(a  bramble-twig) . 

rubicundus,  -a,  -um,  [as  if  rubi- 
(weak  stem  of  rubeo)  +  cundus 
(cf.  verecundus),  prob.  really 
•frubicon  +  dus  (i.e.,  v'rub  +  o  + 
co  +  on  +  dus),  cf.  rotundus], 
adj.,  ruddy,  blushing. 

rubor,  -oris,  [-y/rub  +  or],  in.,  red- 
ness, a  blush,  ajlush. 

rubus,  -I,  [prob.  -^/rub  +  us,  cf. 
rubeo],  m.,  a  bramble. 

rudens,  -entls,  [?],  m.,  a  rope  (of 
a  ship),  a  hawser,  a  line,  a  sheet, 
cordage. 

rudimentum, -I,  [frudi-  (of  rudis, 
foil,  or  lost  verb  rudio,  practise 
wilh  foil}  +  mentum],  n.,  a  first 
attempt,  a  beginning. 

rudis,  -e,  [?],  adj.,  rough,  rude. 

rudo,  -IvI,  -itum,  -ere,  [?],  3.  v.  n., 
roar,  bellow,  creak. 

Rufrae,  -arum,  [same  word  as  ru- 
ber,  cf.  rufus],  f.  plur.,  a  town 
of  the  Samnites  or  of  Campania, 
variously  located. 

riiga,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  wrinkle. 

ruina,  -ae,  [fruo-  (reduced)  +  ina, 
cf.  ruo],  f.,  a  fall,  a  crash,  a  con- 
7'it/sicn  :  caeli  (downfall,  of  pour- 
ing rain) ;  horrificae  (crashing, 
of  .Ktna)  ;  dare  ruinam  (fall 
with  a  crash} ;  primi  dant  rui- 
nam (fall  on  each  other  like  an 
avalanche). — Fig.,  downfall,  ruin, 
disaster,  calamity,  destruction  : 
urbis;  rerum  (ruined fortunes}. 
—  Concretely  (perh.  orig.  mean- 
ing), </  fiil/in^  Httiss,  a  fleeing  mass 
(like  a  falling  body)  :  trahere  ru- 
inam (////  ///  <-<>n/'usii<n,  /it//  in  a 
»/ass,  fall  in  a  heap  of  ruins}; 
urgente  ruina  (borne  on  by  the 
rush  of  the  crowd). 


Vocabulary. 


241 


rumino,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -are, 
[•frumin-] ,  i . v.  n., ruminate, chew, 
chew  the  cud  of:  herbas.  —  Pass, 
as  dep.  (the  usual  form),  in  same 
sense. 

rumor,  -oris,  [?],  m.,  common  talk, 
a  rumor,  report :  rumore  secundo 
{with  gent-rat  words  of  good  out  en}. 

rumpo,  rupi,  ruptum,  nimpere, 
[  ^/rup],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  lit.,  break, 
burst,  break  down,  break  througli, 
pierce,  break  i>ff,  sever,  tear,  bruise, 
crush,  shatter:  horrea  messes  (Jill 
to  bursting) ;  rumpantur  ilia  (may 
split) ;  postes  (burst  open) ;  ar- 
busta  cicadae  {split)  ;  rumpun- 
tur  pectora  {burst  with  rage). — 
Of  the  effect  (with  cognate  ace.), 
break  a  path,  force,  rive  (a  cleft). 

—  Causative,   thrcnv  out,   let  fall. 

—  Hence,  with  reflexive  or  in  pass- 
ive, break  forth,  burst  forth,  dart 
forth. — Fig.,  break  off,  break,  break 
through,  annul,  violate,  interrupt, 
destroy,  rend  asunder :  somnum 
{banish) ;    fata  {escape) ;    moras 
{break    through).  —  ruptus,    -a, 
-um,    p.p.  :    rupto    Acherunte 
(through  a  breach  into  Atheron) ; 
ruptis  fornacibus(//^  broken  vent 
of  its  forges}  ;  ruptis  caminis  {bro- 
ken vent,  of  a  volcano,  as  having 
been  burst  through  by  the  fire  itself). 

ruo,  nil,  rut  um,  mere,  [  -^ru,  of 
unc.  kin.],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.  Act., 
overthrow,  throw  in  confusion, 
hurl  down,  destroy,  break  up,  lay 
waste,  prostrate ;  throw  up,  dash 
up,  roll  up :  rapiunt  ruuntque 
(plunder  and  lay  waste)  ;  confu- 
sa  ossa  (///>-tw  pell-mell)  ;  ignis 
nubem ;  omnia  late ;  cumulos 
arenae  (shatter,  with  a  military 
figure). —  Intrans.,  fall  (with  idea 


of  violence),  yft//  in  torrents,  flcno 
in  torrents,  fall  in  ruins,  set  (of 
the  sun,  hasten  to  its  setting) .  — 
Also,  run  blindly,  rush,  rush  in, 
rush  on,  come  on  quickly,  hurry, 
be  borne  headlong,  flee :  nox  Oce- 
ano  {hasten  up) ;  clamor  {burst 
forth);  voces  {pour forth). — Fig., 
end,  approach  the  end,  deterior- 
ate :  in  peius  omnia  {grow  worse 
and  worse) . 

rupes,  -Is,  [y/rup  +  es  (and  is)], 
f.,  a  rock  (broken  or  precipitous, 
in  position,  cf.  saxum),  a  cliff. 

ruptus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  runipo. 

rursum  (rursus),  [re-vorsus 
(-um)],  adv.,  back,  again,  anew. 
—  Sometimes  pleonastic  with  re 
(cf.  "  back  again  "). — Fig.,  besides, 
again,  once  more,  on  the  other 
/land,  a  second  time  then  again. 

rus,  ruris,  [?],  n.,  the  country  (op- 
posed to  the  city),  a  farm,  afield, 
land:  rus  o^a,cvim.(shady  ground). 

ruscum,  -I,  [  ?],  n.,  butcher's  broom, 
a  useless  wild  plant. 

rusticus,  -a,  -um,  [frus  (orig. 
stem  of  rus)  +ticus],  adj.,  of  the 
country,  woodland,  rustic. — Masc., 
a  rustic,  a  countryman. 

rutilu,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fruti- 
16-],  I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  glow  with  red 
or  orange,  glimmer  red. 

riitilus,  -a,  -um,  [akin  to  ruber, 
perh.  for  -frudtilus] ,  adj.,  red, 
orange,  red-gold. 

Rutulus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  of  the 
Rutuli,  a  small  people  of  Latium 
whose  chief  city  was  Ardea.  They 
serve  as  the  mythic  foes  of  /Eneas, 
and  under  the  lead  of  Turn  us  their 
king  were  supposed  to  have  resist- 
ed the  settlement  of  the  Trojans  in 
Italy.  —  Masc.  plur.,  the  people. 


S. 


Sabocus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  2aj8oTo?], 
adj.,  of  Safai  (a  town  in  Arabia  fa- 
mous for  its  myrrh,  frankincense, 
and  the  wealth  and  luxury  of  ils 


inhabitants), 


.  —  Masc.  pi., 


///<•    Sabaans, 
selves. 


the    people    them- 


Siil>cIH<Mis,  -a,  -um,    [fSabello  + 

cus],  adj.,  Sabe/liun,  Sabiiie. 
Sabellus,  -a,  -inn,  [pn>b.  fSabino 


242 


Vocabulary. 


-f  lus],  adj.,  Sabellian,  of  the  Sa- 
belli  (an  offshoot  of  the  Sabine 
stock,  embracing  the  small  nations 
of  the  Marsi,  Peligui,  and  others). 
—  More  generally,  Sabine. 

Sabinus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  Sabine, 
of  the  Sabines,  the  great  people  oc- 
cupying the  high  lands  of  Central 
Italy,  who  overran  parts  of  Latium 
and  Southern  Italy.  —  Masc.  plur., 
the  Sabines,  the  people.  —  Fern, 
plur.,  the  Sabine  -women. —  Masc. 
sing.,  Sabinus,  the  mythic  ances- 
tor of  the  Sabines,  deified  and  rep- 
resented with  a  pruning-hook. 

saburra,  -ae,  [?],  I.,  sand,  ballast. 

sacellum,  -I,  [fsacro  +  lum  (n.  of 
lus)],  n.,  a  shrine,  a  sacred  grotto. 

saocr,  -era,  -crum,  [-y/sac  (in 
sancio)  +rus],  adj.,  consecrated, 
sacred,  holy,  devoted,  dedicated: 
sacra  sedes  (i.e.,  on  the  steps  of 
an  altar) ;  ignis  (St.  Anthony's 
fire,  a  disease  of  the  skin). —  Also 
(as  devoted  to  sacrifice),  accursed, 
devoted.  —  Neut.  plur.,  sacred  uten- 
sils, holy  emblems,  sacred  images, 
sacrifices,  ceremonies,  offerings,  sa- 
cred rites,  mysteries,  sacred  hymns, 
magic  rites. 

sacerdos,  -dotis,  [  fsacro-dos  (  y'da 
+  tis,  reduced)],  comm.,  a  priest, 
a  priestess.  —  Less  exactly,  a  sa- 
cred bard. 

Saces,  -ae,  [Gr.  2a/ccu],  m.,  a  Ru- 
tulian. 

SacramiR,  -a,  -urn,  [?],adj.,  of  the 
Sacrani,  a  people  of  Latium. 

sacrarium,  -I  (-ii),  [fsacro-  (re- 
duced) +  arium,  n.  of  adj.],  n.,  a 
sanctuary,  a  shrine  :  Ditis  (sacred 
abode) . 

Sacrator,  -oris,  [  ?J,  m.,  a  Rutulian. 

sacratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  sacro. 

sacrilegus,  -a,  -mn,  [fsacro  + 
legus  ( -y/leg, in  lego,  +  us)],  adj., 
stealer  of  things  sacred,  sacrilegious, 
impious. 

saero, -avl, -atum , -are,  [  f  sacro- ], 
I.  v.  a.,  consecrate,  dedicate,  make 
sacred :  hunc  honorem  sacravit 
(bestowed  this  sacred  honor). — 


Also,  devote  (as  to  death,  &c.). — 
saoratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
consecrated,  sacred,  holy  :  sacrata 
iura  (sacred  oaths) . 

saeculum  (saeclum,se-;,-I,  [  ytea 
(in  sero)  +  culum],  n.,  (a  year's 
increase  ?),  a  generation,  a  race 
of  men,  men.  —  Also  of  time,  a 
generation,  a  lifetime,  an  age. — 
Plur.,  ages, posterity,  years,  an  age  : 
per  saecula  {forever}. 

saepe  [ace.  of  saepis,  cf.  saepes], 
adv.,  frequently,  oftentimes,  often. 
—  saepius,  compar..  oftener,  of- 
ten, now  and  thai. 

saepes,  -is,  [unc.  root  (cf.  saepio) 
+  es  (and  -is,  cf.  sedes)],  f.,  a 
fence,  a  hedge,  an  enclosure,  a  hur- 
dle (for  fencing), —  an  orchard 
(cf.  saeptum). 

saepio  (sep-),  saepsi,  saeptum, 
saepire,  [fsaepi-  (of  saepes)], 
4.  v.  a.,  enclose,  hedge  about,  sur- 
round, invest,  hem  in. —  saepit 
se  tectis  (shut  himself  tip,  &c.). — 
saeptus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.,  enclosed, 
&c.  —  Neut.,  an  enclosure,  an  or- 
chard: inter  saepta  domorum 
(in  the  precincts,  of  bees). 

saeptus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  saepio. 

saeta  (set-),  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  stiff 
Jiitir,  a  bristle,  bristling  hair,  shag- 
gy hair. 

saetiger  (set-),  -era,  -eriiin,[fsae- 
ta-  (weakened)  -ger  (VSer'  *n 
gero,  +us)],  adj.,  bristly. 

saetosus  (set-),  -a,  -um,  [fsaeta- 
(reduced)  +  osus],  adj.,  bristly. 

saevio,  -ivi  (-ii),  -itum,  -Ire, 
[fsaevo-  (as  if  saevi-,  cf.  ex  ani- 
mus, -is],  4.  v.  n.,  rage,  rai<e,  be 
angry,  become  furious. — Also  of 
animals  and  things. 

saevus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  raging, 
furious,  roused  to  fury,  fierce,  sav- 
/?;'V,  relentless,  cruel,  angry.  — 
Transferred  to  things,  cruel,  wild, 
raging,  savage,  deadly,  bitter  :  me- 
phitis ;  faces ;  dolores ;  vada.  — 
In  good  sense,  fierce  in  conflict. 

Safaris, -is,  [from  a  Phrygian  river], 
m.,  a  Trojan. 


Vocabulary. 


243 


Sages,  (-is?),  [?],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 
sagitta,  -ae,  [  ?],  f.,  an  arrow. 
sagittifer,  -era,  -cruin,  [fsagitta- 
( weakened)    -fer    (-y/fer  +  us)], 
adj.,  armed  with  arrows. 
sagulum,  -I,   [fsago  +  lum  (n.  of 
lus)],  n.,  a  cloak  (worn  by  soldiers 
over  their  armor),  a  mantle. 
siil,  salis,  [-y/sal  (/low,  cf.  Sk.  sarit, 
river),  cf.  Gr.  a\s],(m.)  n.,  water, 
salt  water,  the  salt  wave,  the  salt 
sea,  the  sea,  the  deep,  a  sea. — Also 
(a  very  old  and  the  most  common 
meaning),  salt.  —  Fig.,  wit. 
Salamls,  -minis,  [Gr.  2aAa/us],  f., 
the    island    in    the    Saronic    Gulf, 
where  the  victory  of  the  Athenians 
over  the  Persians  took  place,  for- 
merly the  home  of  Telamon. 
Saleiitiiius  (Sail-),  -a,  -um,  [?], 
adj.,  of  the    Salentini    (a    people 
dwelling  in  Calabria),  Salentine. 
salictum,  -i,  [fsalic  +  turn  (n.  of 
-tus,  cf.  hoiicstus)],  n.,  a  willow 
thicket,  a  willow  hedge,  willows. 
saligmis,  -a,  -urn,  [fsalic  +  mis], 

adj.,  of  willow,  willow  :  falx. 
Salii,  -ornni,  [  y'sal  (in  salio)  + 
ius],  m.  plur.,  the  Salii,  twelve 
dancing  priests  of  Mars,  who  went 
through  the  city  annually  in  a  sol- 
emn dance  bearing  the  ancilia  or 
sacred  shields.  The  rite  is  dated 
back  by  Virgil  to  the  time  of 
Evander. 

salio,  -iii  (-ivi),  -turn,  -ire,  [  ^sal, 
cf.  aAAo/xcu],  4.  v.  n.,  leap,  dance, 
spring.  —  Fig.,  of  things,  spring: 
saliens  vena  (throbbing ;  sali- 
ens  rivus  (dancing)  •  grando 
(dance,  rebound'). 

saliunoa,  -ac,  [?],  f.,  saliunca,  an 

odoriferous  plant  (perh.  valerian}. 

Salius,  -i,   [?],  m.,  the  name  of  a 

Trojan,  pcrh.  of  more  than  one. 
salix,  -icis,  [?],  f.,  a  'willow,  wil- 
low (willow  branches). 
Salmonens,  -cos,  [Gr.  SaA^i/sus], 
m.,  a  son  of  JEolus.     He  ruled  in 
Elis,  and  in  his  pride  imitated  the 
thunder  and  lightning  of  Jupiter, 
for  which  impiety  he  was  hurled 


to  the  world  below  by  a  thunder- 
bolt. 

Salmoiiia,  -ae,  [Gr.  SaA/tcui/ta] ,  f., 
a  city  of  Elis,  on  the  river  Enipeus. 

salsus,  -a,  -um,  [p.p.  of  salo  (fr. 
sal)],  adj.,  salted,  salt,  briny  (of 
the  sea)  :  robigo  (caused  by  salt 
water  or  with  a  briny  taste  ?) ;  su- 
dor.  —  Esp.  with  frugcs,  mola, 
of  the  salt  and  meal  offered  as  a 
sacrifice,  apparently  as  the  first 
necessaries  of  life. 

saltern  [ace.  of  lost  word  saltis,  of 
unc.  kin.],  adv.,  at  least  (if  nothing 
more  or  better),  at  any  rale. 

salto,  -avi,  -sltuin,  -arc,  [fsalto- 
(p.p.  of  salio)],  I.  v.  a.,  dance, 
leap. 

1.  saltus,  -us,  [-y/sal-f  tus],  m.,  a 
leap,  a  bound,  a  spring. 

2.  saltus,  -us,  [?,  poss.  -y/sal  in  a 
more  primitive  meaning,  or  perh. 
from   breaking  out  of   the  woods 
into  the  opening],  m.,  an  opening 
(in  the  woods),  a  pasture,  a  moun- 
tain-pass, a  glade,  open  woods,  a 
grove,  woodland. 

salubris,  -e,  [fsalu-  (akin  to  sal- 
vus,  cf.  salus)  +  bris  (cf.  Ingu- 
bris)],  adj.,  healthful,  wholesome, 
salutary,  healing. 

salum,  -i,  [fsal  +  um  (n.  of  us)], 
n.,  the  sea,  the  deep. 

salus,  -utis,  [fsalu-  (akin  to  sal- 
vus)  +  tis  (reduced,  cf.  scmcn- 
tis)],  f.,  health,  welfare,  safety, 
well-being,  salvation,  preservation. 
—  Also,  hope  of  safety,  remedy, 
means  of  safety,  relief. 

saluto,  -avi,  -atum,  -arc,  [fsalut- 
(of  sains)],  i.  v.  a.,  (wish  health 
to  anyone),  greet,  salute,  hail,  wel- 
come.—  saliitsins,  -antis,  p.  as 
subst.,  a  visitor  (calling  in  the 
morning  to  salute  a  great  man,  as 
was  the  Roman  custom). 

salve,  see  salvco. 

salveo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  salverc, 
[fsalvo-],  2.  v.  n.,  be  well. — salve 
(-etc),  imperat.,  as  an  address, 
hail,  welcome. 

salvns,  -a,  -urn,  [  ^/sa.1  (cf.  salus. 


244 


Vocabulary. 


sollus)  +  vus(cf.  o'Aos)  for  O'AFOS], 

adj.,  safe,  unharmed. 
Same,  -es,  [Gr.  20^77],  f.,  an  island 

(later  Ccphalonia)  in  the  Ionian 

Sea. 
Samos   (-us),  -I,    [Gr.  2a^ios],  f . : 

1.  A  large  island  off  the  coast  of 
the    Ionian   part   of  Asia    Minor, 
famous   for   its   temple  of  Juno ; 

2.  Threicia,   another   name   for 
Samothracia. 

Samothracia,  -ae,  [Gr.  2a/uo0pa- 
/ci'a],  f.,  an  island  off  the  coast  of 
Thrace,  famous  for  its  mystic  wor- 
ship of  the  mysterious  Cabiri. 
Several  traditions  connected  its 
settlement  with  Phrygia.  It  was 
also  called  Samos  1 hreicia. 

sancio,  saiixl,  sanctum,  sancire, 
[•y/sac,  in  sacer,  pern,  through 
adj.-stem,'  cf.  Sancus],  4.  v.  a., 
make  sacred,  make  inviolable,  rat- 
ify. —  sanctus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  as 
adj.,  sacred,  holy,  inviolable,  saint- 
ed, reverend,  venerable,  venerated: 
fides  {unsullied,  inviolate} . — Also, 
pure,  saintly,  chaste. 

sanctus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  sancio. 

sandyx, -yeis,  [Gr.  ffdv$v£],  {^scar- 
let (a  dye  of  that  color). 

sane  [abl.  of  sanns],  adv.,  very 
much  (cf.  "soundly").  —  As  con- 
firmatory particle,  truly,  no  doubt, 
to  be  sure  (concessive). 

sanguineus,  -a,  -um,  [fsanguin  + 
eua],  adj.,  of  blood,  bloody,  blood- 
stained, bloodshot,  blood-red ;  Ma- 
vors  (bloodthirsty,  prop,  only  cov- 
ered with  blood). 

san<riiis  (sanguen),  -iiiis,  [?,  two 
stems,  -in  and  -i],  m.,  £/0mr(prop- 
crly  in  the  body,  cf.  cruor). — 
Also,  blood  (shed),  gore,  bloodshed. 
—  Also  (as  in  Eng.),  race,  blood, 
descent,  stock,  family,  progeny. — 
Also  of  blood  as  a  sign  of  vital 
force. 

sanies,  -el,  [  ?] ,  f.,  matter,  foul  gore, 
froth  (of  a  serpent). 

saiuis,  -a,  -um,  [unc.  root  (prob. 
akin  to  cries)  +  nus  (cf.  ploiius  i  |. 
adj.,  sound,  healthy.  —  Also,  ra- 


tional,  sound   (in   mind) :    male 
sana  (distracted}. 

sapor,  -oris,  [y/sap  (in  sapio)  + 
or],  m.,  taste,  flavor  :  tunsus  gal- 
lae  (a  flavoring  of  the  pounded 
gall-nuf). —  Less  exactly,  odor  : 
iussi  sapores  {fragrant  herbs} . 

sarcio,  sarsi,  sartum,  sarciro, 
[?],  4.  v.  a..,  patch,  mend,  repair. 

Sardoiis,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  2ap5<£oj], 
adj.,  Sardinian,  of  Sardinia  (fa- 
mous for  its  bitter  herbs). 

sarmentum,  -I,  [apparently  y'sarp 
(in  sarpo,  prune}  +  mentum], 
n.,  frunings,  twigs,  brushwood. 

Sarnus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  river  of  Cam- 
pania on  which  Pompeii  formerly 
stood,  but  by  the  great  eruption 
its  course  was  changed. 

Sarpedon,  -onis,  [Gr.  SapirrjSoij'] , 
m.,  a  king  of  Lycia  killed  before 
Troy. 

Sarranus,  -a, -urn,  [fSarra+nus], 
adj.,  of  Sarra  (the  ancient  name 
of  Tyre),  Tyrian. 

Sarrastes,  -um,  [?],  m.  plur.,  a 
people  of  Campania,  about  Sor- 
rento. 

sat,  see  satis. 

sata,  see  sero. 

Sat irnliis,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  of 
Saticula,  a  city  of  Samnium. — 
Masc.,  a  Saticulan :  asper  (the 
fleree  Saticulan,  collectively). 

satiu,  -onis,  [-y/sa  (of  sero)  +  tio, 
cf.  ratio],  f.,  a  so-ving,  planting, 
layering. —  May  be  rendered  in 
Eng.,  sei'd-titnc,  planting-time. 

satio,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [stem  of 
satis  or  stem  akin,  cf.  satiHas  ], 
i.  v.  a.,  satisfy,  satiate:  cineres 
meorum  (appease,  avenge). 

satis  (abbreviated  sat),  [?,  cf.  sa- 
tias,  satietas,  perh.  contracted 
for  satins],  adv.  Apparently  adj. 
(cf.  bone  ossc),  enough,  sufficient. 
— Adv.,  suffic  iently,  enough. — With 
negatives,  not  veryfnot  very  much. 
-  satins,  compar.,  better,  prefer- 
able. 

satins,  see  satis. 

sator,  -oris,  [  ^/sa  (in  sero)  +  tor], 


Vocabulary. 


245 


m.,  planter.  —  Also  (of.  satus),  a 
progenitor,  a  fatJier. 

satin-,  -uni,  -iiruin,  [akin  to  satis, 
pern,  fsati-l- rus],  adj. ,/*///,  well- 
fed. —  Less  exactly,  well- stocked, 
rich,  fertile,  deep-dyed  {rich,  of 
color) . 

Satura,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  lake  or  swamp 
in  Latium  :  Saturae  palus. 

saturatus,  -a,  -UIH,  p.p  of  saturo. 

Saturnia,  -ae,  [cf.  Satuniius], 
f.,  an  ancient  name  of  the  settle- 
ment on  the  Capitoline  Hill,  the 
supposed  nucleus  of  ancient  Rome. 

Siiturniiis,  -a,  -urn,  [tSaturno- 
(reduced)  +  ius],  adj.,  of  Saturn, 
son  of  Saturn,  da  lighter  of  Saturn, 
used  of  Jupiter,  of  Neptune,  and 
of  Juno. 

Silt  u  m  us,  -I,  [stem  fr.  -y/sa  (in 
sero)  +  turnus,  cf.  tacitumus], 
m.,  an  ancient  divinity  of  Italy,  no 
doubt  presiding  over  agriculture. 
His  supremacy  was  supposed  to 
mark  the  golden  age  of  primitive 
virtue  and  simplicity.  In  later  times 
he  \vas  identified  with  the  Greek 
Kpovos,  and  to  him  were  attached 
the  myths  of  that  ancient  divinity. 
Hence,  he  was  son  of  Uranus,  and 
father  of  Jupiter,  Juno,  Neptune, 
and  other  gods. 

saluro,  -avi,  -atuin, -are,  [fsatu- 
ro-  (of  satur)],  r.  v.  3..,fill,  sati- 
ate, satisfy,  feed  full,  saturate,  fill 
full. 

satus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  sero. 

Satyrus,  -I,  [Gr.  Sarupos],  in.,  a 
Satyr,  one  of  a  subordinate  class 
of  deities  of  the  woods,  of  a  frolic- 
some and  mischievous  disposition, 
represented  with  goats'  legs  and 
with  horns.  They  often  appear  as 
companions  of  Bacchus,  whose  at- 
tendant Silenus  seems  to  have  been 
one  of  them.  They  are  hardly  dis- 
tinguishable from  the  Latin  Fauns. 

saucius,-a,  -uin,  [  ?],  adj.,  wounded, 
smitten,  mangled  (of  a  snake). — 
Fig.,  stricken. 

sax  CMS,  -a,  -urn,  [fsaxo-  (reduced) 
+  ens],  adj.,  of  rocks,  rocky,  of 


stone  (fragments)  :  umbra  (of  the 
rocks)  . 

saxosus,  -a,  -uin,  [fsaxo-  (re- 
duced) -f-  osus],  adj.,  stony,  rocky. 
—  Neut.  as  adv;  :  saxosum  sonans 
(roaring  among  the  rocks)  . 

sax  uin,  -I,  [  ?],ii.,  a  rock  (detached, 
cf.  rupes)  ,  a  stone.  —  Less  exactly, 
a  broken  rock  (on  a  shore),  a  rock 
(unbroken)  . 

scaber,  -bra,  -bruin,  [y'scab  (in 
scabo)  +  rus  (reduced)],  adj., 
roitgh.  —  Transferred,  roughening, 
corroding:  robigo. 

scabies,  -el,  [y'scab  (in  scabo) 
+  ies,  cf.  iuluvies],  f.,  {a  scratch- 
ing), a  roughness  (of  decay),  rust, 
corrosion,  the  itch,  the  scab  (in 
sheep),  the  scurf. 

Scaea,  -ae,  (Scaeae,  -arum),  [Gr. 
2/coIat],  adj.  fem.  (with  porta), 
Scccan,  the  western  (left)  gate  of 
Troy,  the  principal  and  most  fa- 
mous entrance. 

scaeiia  (see-),  -ae,  [Gr.  aKt^vi\\,  f., 
a  scene  (the  arched  back  of  the 
stage,  in  front  of  which  the  action 
took  place),  a  canopy  (of  woods 
like  the  scene),  tJie  side  scenes,  the 
stage. 

scalae,  -arum,  [y'scad  (in  scaii- 
do)  +  la],  f.  plur.,  a  scaling-lad- 
der or  ladders,  a  ladder  (of  a 
ship). 

scaiido,  perf.  and  sup.  not  found, 
scandere,  [^/scad,  but  with  n 
permanent],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  climb, 
scale,  ascend,  mount. 

seatebra,  -ae,  [fscate-  (ofseateo) 
+  bra,  f.  of  -ber,  cf.  Mulcibcr], 
f.,  a  bubbling  stream,  a  spring. 

sceleratus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  sce- 


seelero,    no    perf.,    -atuin,    -are, 

[fsceler-  (of  scelus)],  i.  v.  a., 
pollute,  defile.  —  sceleratus,  -a, 
-uin,  p.p.  as  adj.,  wicked,  guilly, 
impious,  infamous,  accursed  :  fri- 
gua  (cf.  Eng.  colloquial  language). 
—  Transferred,  of  the  accursed,  of 
guilt:  poenae  {inflicted  on  the 
guilty'). 


246 


Vocabulary. 


scelus,  -cris,  [unc.  root  +  us,  but 
cf.  ffKf\os,  with  pravus,  and  rec- 

tus],  n.  Abstract,  villa nv,  wicked- 
ness, guilt,  wrong-doing.  —  Con- 
cretely, a  crime,  an  ci'il  deed,  a  deed 
(impliedly  evil  from  the  context)  : 
pro  scelus  ( O  cursed  crime')  ; 
scelus  infectum  {faint  of  guilt); 
quod  scelus  tantum  merens  (Jar 
what  crime  so  great  deserving  pun- 
ishment ) . — Also,  a  villain,  a  crim- 
inal :  artificis  scelus  (crafty  vil- 
laill}. 

sceptrum,  -Ij  [Gr.  cncTJirrpov],  n., 
a  sceptre.  —  Fig.,  rtile,  power,  do- 
minion, a  kingdom,  a  realm,  the 
throne. 

scilicet  [sci  (imper.  of  scio)  -licet, 
cf.  Ilicet],  adv.,  certainly,  no 
doubt,  of  course,  naturally,  truly. 

—  Ironically,  forsooth,  truly,  doubt- 
less. —  As  connective,  yes  for,  for 
of  course,  but  I  may  say,  for  we  see. 

scilla,  -ae,  [Gr.  <r/a'AAa],  f.,  a  squill 
(a  kind  of  bulbous  plant). 

sciiido,  scidi,  scissum,  scindere, 
[-y/scid,  cf.  (rxi'C^jj  3-  v-  a-»  cut 
(with  a  sharp  tool,  cf.  rumpo), 
tear,  split,  cleave,  rive,  rend :  val- 
lum ferro ;  crines  (tear)  ;  scissa 
veste.  — •  Fig.,  divide  :  with  reflex- 
ive (or  in  pass.),  divide,  separate  : 
sese  unda  (separate) ;  se  genus 
(branch  off) ;  vulgus  (is  rent,  into 
factions). — Y^.,  plough,  break  up. 

—  Of  the  effect :  viam  (cleave) . 
scintilla,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  spark:  ab 

ore  absistunt  \jire  flashes') . 

scintillo,  -avi,  no  sup.,  -are, 
[fscintilla-],  i.v.  n.,  throw  sparks: 
oleum  (snap,  sputter,  in  a  lamp). 

scio,  sclvi,  scil  inn,  scire,  [prob. 
akin  to  Keio>],  4.  v.  a.,  know,  kncnu 
how  to,  learn :  scit  triste  sidus 
(can  bear  witness) . 

Sclpiades,  -ae,  [Gr.  form  of  patro- 
nymic, fr.  Scipio],  m.,  son  of  the 
Scipios.  • — •  Plur.,  ///(•  Scipios,  the 
famous  family  of  leaders  and  states- 
men at  Rome. 

scissiis,  -a,  -uiii,  p.p.  of  scindu. 

scitor,   -atus,   -ari,    [tscito-    (of 


scio)],  I.  v.  dep.,  enquire,  learn, 
search  into  :  oracula  (consul) . 

scopulus,  -i,  [Gr.  (T/co'ireAos],  m.,  a 
crag  (projecting,  cf.  rapes  and 
saxuin),  a  cliff,  a  rock  (general- 
ly), a  reef. 

Scorpius,  -I,  [Gr.  o-Kopwi'os],  m., 
Scorpio,  the  constellation. 

scrobis  (scrobs),  scrobis,  [-^/scrib 
(orig.  dig)  as  stem],  m.  and  f.,  a 
ditch,  a  trench,  a  pit,  a  drill  (a 
straight  furrow  for  planting). 

scrupeus,  -a,  -uin,  [fscrupo-  (re- 
duced)+eus],  adj.,  of  sharp  stones, 
stony,  flinty  :  spelunca  (of  jagged 
rocks) . 

scutatus,  -a,  -am,  [fscuto-  (re- 
duced) +  atus,  cf.  armatns],adj., 
armed  with  shields  :  scutati  om- 
nes  (all  with  shields). 

scutum,  -I,  [Gr.  (JKVTOS~],  n.,  a 
shield  (of  the  Roman  pattern,  ob- 
long and  bent  around  the  body, 
originally  made  of  wood  covered 
with  leather,  cf.  clipeus) . 

Scylaceum,  -I,  [Gr.  2»cuAa/c*ioj/], 
n.,  a  town  of  Southern  Italy  on  the 
coast  of  Bruttium,  near  a  promon- 
tory supposed  to  be  dangerous  for 
ships. 

Scylla,  -ae,  [Gr.  2/cyAAa],  f. :  i.  A 
sea-monster  supposed  to  inhabit 
some  rocks  in  the  Strait  of  Messi- 
na, on  the  coast  of  Jiruttium.  1  Icr 
parentage  is  variously  represented 
in  the  myths.  The  rocks  at  pres- 
ent seem  to  lie  perfectly  harmless; 
2.  Another  personage,  daughter  of 
Nisus,  who  betrayed  her  father  to 
Minos  by  plucking  out  from  hishead 
a  red  hair,  and  was  changed  to  a 
bird  (cf.  Nisus) .  She  is  sometimes 
confounded  with  the  one  first  men- 
tioned ;  3.  Plur.,  Scyllas,  including 
several  monsters  of  the  kind  first 
mentioned. 

Scylla,  -ae,  [see  i.  Scylla],  f.,  the 
name  of  a  ship. 

Scyllacus,-a,-uin,  [Gr.  5/cfAA.cuos] , 
adj.,  of  Scylla. 

scyphus,  -i,  [Gr.  <rKv$oi\,  m.,  a 
cup,  a  goblet. 


Vocabidary. 


247 


Scyrlus,  -a,  -uni,  [Gr.  2/cupws], 
adj.,  of  Scyros  (the  island  off  the 
coast  of  Eubtea  where  Achilles  was 
concealed,  disguised  as  a  girl), 
Scyrian. 

Scythia,  -ae,  [Gr.  2/tuflio],  f.  (of 
adj.),  the  country  north  of  the 
Black  Sea. 

se-  (sed-),  [cf.  sed],  prep,  only  in 
comp.,  apart,  without,  away. 

se,  see  sui. 

Sebethis,  -idis,  [?],  f.,  a  nymph  (of 
the  river  Sebethos,  in  Campania). 

seceriio,  -crevl,  -cretum,  -cer- 
nere,  [se-cerno],  3.  v.  a.,  separate, 
set  apart.  —  secretus,  -a,  -um, 
p.p.  as  adj.,  separate,  apart,  re- 
tired, remote,  obscure,  concealed, 
hidden,  reticent,  silent,  in  silence, 
alone.  —  Neut.  y\.,  private  abode. 

secessus,  -us,  [se-cessus,  cf.  sece- 
do],  m.,  a  retirement. —  Concrete- 
ly, a  retreat,  a  recess. 

secius,  see  secus. 

secluelo,  -clusl,  -clusum,  -clu- 
derc,  [se-claudo],  3.  v.  a.,  shut 
off,  shut  up.  —  Fig.,  put  aside,  ban- 
ish.—  seclusus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as 
adj.,  secluded,  retired. 

seclum,  see  saeculum. 

seelusus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  seclndo. 

seco,  secui,  sectum,  secare,  [?], 
i.v.  a.,  cut  (apparently  across,  cf. 
seindo,  sp/it),  carve,  wound,  hew, 
sever,  cut  out,  cut  off ;  also,  split. 
—  Fig.  (of  mere  passing  through), 
cleave,  cut,  plough  (the  sea),  di- 
vide, nit  through.  —  With  ace.  of 
effect,  cut :  viam  (take  one's' way)  ; 
secto  limite  {the  cross  path);  sub 
nubibus  arcum  (as  cutting  the 
heavens) .  —  In  a  peculiar  sense 
(poss.  a  diff.  word)  :  secat  spem 
(indulges,  takes  as  his  share  ?,  cf. 
noun  sector). 

secretus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  secerno. 

sector,  -atus,  -ari,  [fsecto-  (old 
p.p.  of  sequor)],  i.  v.  dep. ,  pur- 
sue, hunt,  chase. 

sectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  seco. 

seculum,  see  saeculum. 

secuni,  see  sul  and  cum. 


secundo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -are, 
[fsecundo-j,  I.  v.  a..,  favor, pros- 
per. 

secundum  [n.  ace.  of  scctiiidus], 

adv.  and  prep.,  (following),  along, 
near  by. 

secundus,  -a,  -um,  [p.  ger.  of  se- 
quor, cf.  rotundus],  adj.,  (fol- 
lowing), second  (in  time,  order,  or 
degree),  inferior:  secundae  men- 
sae  (second  course,  dessert)  ;  men- 
sis  et  Dis  accepta  secundis  (the 
second  course,  and  the  gods  invoked 
to  share  it) .  —  Of  water,  &c.  (cf. 
adversus),  favoring,  favorable, 
fair :  secundo  amni,  flumine 
(doivn  the  stream)  ;  secundi  spi- 
rate  (blow  favoring  breezes) ;  ven- 
ti  secundi  (favoring  winds). — 
Transferred,  prosperous,  favorable, 
propitious,  auspicious  :  ventis  et 
Dis  secundis  (fair  winds  and 
favoring  gods) ;  curru  secundo 
(flying)  ;  secundo  Marte  (in 
successful  combat,  of  Mars) ;  ee- 
cundo  plausu,  rumore  (auspi- 
cious, cheering,  as  of  good  omen); 
vires  secundae  (successful  efforts) ; 
adi  pede  secundo  (approach  to 
favor) ;  secundus  aruspex  (aus- 
picious); secundo  clamore  (joy- 
ous, auspicious) ;  sinus  implere 
secundos  (Jill  the  bellying  sail 
with  favor  ing  winds) . — Often  with 
res,  prosperity,  success. 

securis,  -is,  [as  if  fsecu-  (-^/sec,  in 
seco,  +  u)  +  ris,  cf.  molaris], 
f.,  an  axe,  a  battle-axe, 

securus,  -a,  -um,  [se-cura-  (weak- 
ened and  decl.  as  adj.)],  adj.,y>-<v 
from  care,  regardless,  fearless,  se- 
at re  :  pelagi  (secure  of) . — Trans- 
ferred :  latices  (that  free  from 
care);  otia  (untroubled);  quies 
(secure) . 

secus  [-Y/SCC  (in  sequor)  +  unc. 
term.  (poss.  compar.,  like  magls)], 
adv.  (following  ?,  worse  ?),  other- 
wise. —  With  negatives,  not  other- 
wise, not  less,  no  more,  just  so, 
even  so;  —  with  atque  (quam), 
just  like,  even  as.  —  Compar.,  se- 


248 


Vocabulary. 


tius  (secius,  sec  tins),  ill. — With 
negatives,  no  less,  none  the  less, 
nevertheless,  even  thus,  even  then, 
even  so. 

secntus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  scquor. 

sed  [ahl.  of  stem  akin  to  sine,  cf. 
pone],  conj.,  but,  yet. 

sedatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  sedo. 

sedeo,  sedl,  sessum,  sedere, 
[  T/sed,  cf.  f^o/jiai,  prob.  through 
adj. -stem],  2.  v.  n.,  sit,  sit  down. 
—  Less  exactly,  lie  (of  ships),  come 
to  anchor,  light  (of  birds),  en- 
camp (of  armies),  remain  (of  a 
weapon).  —  Esp.,  sit  by  (inactive), 
sit  idle,  linger.  —  Fig.,  be  settled, 
be  fixed,  be  determined,  please  (be 
one's  pleasure)  :  certa  sedet  sen- 
tentia  (is  surely  fixed}. 

sedes,  -is,  [  y'sed  (strengthened)  + 
es  and  -is)],  f.,  a  seat,  a  throne,  a 
resting-place. — Less  exactly  (either 
sing,  or  plur.),  a  house,  »  habita- 
tion, a  dwelling-place,  a  dwelling, 
a  home,  an  estate,  a  foundation,  a 
position,  a  spot,  a  region,  a  place,  a 
temple, a  city. — Esp»  of  burial,  a  last 
resting-place,  a  tomb  :  imae  sedes 
(the  lowest  depths) ;  sacra  sedes 
(of  the  steps  of  an  altar)  ;  sedes 
Pelori  (region)  ;  penetralis  sedes 
(the  inner  court)  ;  Tarpeia  sedes 
(rock);  locus  sedesque  (place  of 
abode) . 

sedile,  -Is,  [fsedi-  (cf.  sedes)  +  le 
(n.  of  lis)],  n.,  a  seat,  a  bench,  a 
thwart  (for  rowers). 

seditio,  -onis,  [sed-itio  (cf.  eo)], 
f.,  a  civil  dissension,  a  mutiny,  an 
outbreak  (of  the  people),  a  riot, 
an  uprising  (of  the  people),  fac- 
tion, sedition. 

sedo,  -avi,  -atuin,  -are,  [fseda- 
( -y/sed+a,  cf.  domiseda)],  i.v.a., 
settle  do-Mii.  —  Fig.,  calm,  quiet, 
allay. 

seduco,-duxi,  -ductum,  -ducere, 
[se-duco],  3.  v.  a.,  draw  apart, 
separate,  part  asunder. 

seges, -etis,  [?,  perh.  akin  to  sag- 
IIHMI],  f.,  growing  grain,  a  crop 
(standing),  grain  (planted),  a 


grain  field,  a  field,  land  (ai  cov- 
ered with  growth),  the  seed  (about 
to  be  planted),  a  growth  (of  trees), 
a  nursery.  —  Fig.  of  other  things, 
a  crop,  a  growth,  a  thicket,  afield  : 
virum  (a  crop  of  heroes');  seges 
horret  ferrea. 

segnis, -e,  [?],  adj.,  slow,  sluggish, 
idle,  listless,  inactive,  /,; 
slothful,  cowardly,  unproductive  : 
carduus  (sterile,  unprofitable). — 
Compar.  segnior,  -us,  slower,  &c., 
less  active,  less  prolific  :  baud  illo 
segnior  (not  less  vigorous,  &c.). 

segniter  [fsegni-f  ter,  cf.  acriter], 
adv.,  inactively:  non  segnius 
(not  less  vigorously) . 

segnities,  -el,  [fsegni  +  ties,  cf. 
amicitia],  f.,  sloth,  tardiness. 

Selluus,  -d  iit  is,  [Gr.  SeAivoSj],  f., 
a  town  on  the  southern  coast  of 
Sicily,  famous  for  its  palms. 

sella,  -ae,  [prob.  y'sed+la],  f.,  a 
seat,  a  chair  (of  state),  a  throne. 

—  Esp.,  the  sella  curulis   of   the 
Romans,     made    of    ivory,    with 
crossed  legs,  and  used  by  magis- 
trates. 

semel  [n.  of  similis  (or  word  akin) 
reduced],  adv.,  once,  once  for  all. 

semen,  -inis,  [  ^/sa  (of  sero)  + 
men],  n.,  a  seed.  —  Less  ex.ictly, 
a  scion,  a  shoot,  <i  culling. —  Fig. 
(plur.),  elemenlf,  vital  principles, 
seeds  of  life,  germs  (of  life,  of  fire). 

—  Also,  a  race,  a  stock,  progeny, 
young. 

sementis,  -is,   [fsemen -f  tis],  f., 

a   sowing:    sementem    extende 

(  prolong  the  seed-time) . 
semesus    (semiesus),    -a,    -um, 

[semi-esus],  adj.,  half  eaten. 
scmi;iiiimis,     -e,      [semi-animus 

(weakened  anddccl.  as  adj.)], adj., 

half  alive,  half  lifeless,  expiring, 

dying. 
semifer,-era,-erum,[semi-ferus], 

adj.,  half  brute,  monstrous.  —  Also, 

half  savage. 
semihomo,    -inis,     [semi-homo], 

adj.,  lialfinan. —  Also,  half  savage. 
semiuex,  -nccis,  [semi-nex  (decl. 


Vocabulary. 


249 


as  adj.)],  adj.,  half  dead,  half  life- 
less, dying,  wounded  to  death. 

semiiio,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fse- 
min-],  i.  v.  a.,  s<m<, plant. —  Less 
exactly,  produce. 

semiputatus,  -a,  -um,  [semi-pu- 
tatus],  adj.,-  half  'pruned. 

semita,  -ae,  [se-mita(akin  tomeo, 
cf.  comes)],  f.,  a  by-path,  a  path, 
a  way. 

semiustus  (semust-),  -a,  -um, 
[semi-ustus],  adj.,  half  burned, 
half  consumed,  Starred. 

semivir,  -viri,  [semi-vir],  adj., 
half  man,  effeminate. 

semper  [stem  akin  to  similis  +  per, 
cf.  nuper],  adv.,  always,  forever, 
ever,  constantly. 

senatus,  -us,  [as  if  fsena-  (of  verb 
seno,  from  fsen  in  senex,  cf. 
senator,  senaculum)  +  tus,  cf. 
exsulo,  exsulatus],  m..,(oldageJ, 
cf.  iuveiitus),  the  elders.  —  Esp., 
the  senate,  or  body  of  nobles  who 
composed  the  grand  council  of  a  na- 
tion, particularly  the  Roman  senate. 

senecta,  -ae,  [fsenec-  (of  senex) 
+  ta,  cf.  iiiatuta],  f.,  age,  old  age. 

senectus,  -tutis,  [fsenec-  (of  se- 
nex) +  tus,  cf.  iuventus],  f., 
age,  old  age.  —  Personified,  Age. 

senex,  senis,  [two  stems,  -^/sen  (as 
stem);  and  fseni+cus  (reduced), 
akin  to  tvos  and  senes-c/iaf],  adj., 
old,  aged,  venerable.  —  Usually  as 
subst.,  an  old  man  (over  forty-five 
years) ,  an  aged  sire  ; — also  of  gods 
conceived  or  represented  as  old : 
Proteus  ;  Saturnus.  —  senior, 
-oris,  conipar.,  older.  —  Also,  old, 
aged,  venerable,  an  elder,  an  old 
man. 

seni, -ae,  -a,  [sex  -f  nus],  adj.  phir., 
six  each,  six  at  a  time  :  bis  seni 
(twice  six,  twelve). 

sensus,  -us,  [  -y/sent  (of  sentio)  + 
tus],  m.,  taste,  feeling,  perception. 
—  Concretely,  a  feeling,  the  intel- 
lect, the  mind,  intelligence,  the  pas- 
sions, the  senses,  the  sense  :  sanos 
sensus  avertere  (to  charm  a  win' 
the  so f>g r  sense,  drive  mad*)  ;  sen- 


sus inflexit  (moved  the  feelings) ; 
sopitos  sensus  (the  slumbering 
senses,  of  the  effect  of  sleep)  ;  imis 
sensibus  (in  the  depths  of  the  soul). 
sententia,  -ae,  [fsentent-  (p.  of 
simpler  form  akin  to  sentio)  +  ia], 
f.,  a  way  of  thinking,  a  judgment, 
a  purpose,  a  resolution,  a  senti- 
ment, a  determination,  an  opinion, 
a  view  of  things,  cotinsel  (a  plan 
of  action),  an  idea  (of  a  situation). 

—  Esp.,  an  opinion  expressed  (in 
a  deliberative  body). 

sentio,  sensi,  sensum,  sentire, 
[?],  4.  v.  a.,  perceive  (by  the 
senses),  hear,  feel,  see,  notice,  ob- 
serve. —  Also  by  the  mind,  per- 
ceive, be  conscious  of,  become  aware, 
know,  feel,  learn,  learn  to  know, 
find  out,  understand.  —  Esp.,  feel, 
experience,  come  to  feel,  endure,.  — 
Also,  think,  suppose,  judge. 

sentis,  -is,  [?],  m.,  a  thorn-bush,  a 
briar,  a  bramble. 

seiitus,  -a,  -Jim,  [akin  to  sentis], 
adj.,  rough,  overgrmun. 

sepelio,  sepelivi  (-ii),  sepultuiii, 
sepelire,  [?],  4.  v.  a.,  bury,  inter. 

—  sepultus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
buried ;  —  also  of  wine  and  sleep, 
overcome,  buried :  parce  sepulto 
(spare  one  in  his  grave)  ;   custode 
sepulto  (laid asleep}. 

sepes,  sepio  ;  see  saepes,  saepio. 

septem  [petrified  case-form,  akin  to 
€7TTa],  indecl.  num.  adj.,  seven. 

sept('in<j;eminus,-a,-um,[septem- 
geminus],  adj.,  sevenfold,  seven- 
mouthed :  Nilus. 

si'i)trmplex,-plicis,[septem-plex, 
cf.  duplex],  adj.,  seven-fold  (of 
seven  thicknesses). 

septeni,  -ae,  -a,  [stem  of  septem 
+  nus],  num.  adj.  plur.,  seven  each, 
seii en  at  a  time.  —  Also,  seven.  • 

septentrio,  -onis,  (also  separate), 
[septeni- triones],  m.,  Charles' 
ll'n in,  the  Great  and  Little  Bear. 
C  f.  trio. 

septimus, -a, -um,  [stem  of  septem 
+  mus,  cf.  primus],  num.  adj., 
seventh. 


250 


Vocabulary. 


septus,  -a,  -uiii ;  see  saepio. 

sepulcrum,  -I,  [sepel  (as  if  root  of 
sepelio)  +  crum],  n.,  a  tomb,  a 
burial-place. — Less  exactly,  burial. 

sepultus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  sepelio. 

sequax,  -acis,  [as  if  sequa-  (cf. 
sequor)  +  cus  (reduced),  cf.  ca- 
pax],  adj.,  following,  pursuing : 
caprae  (greedy,  pursuing  the  vine 
as  enemies) ;  fumi  ( penetrating, 
pursuing  the  bees);  Latium  (in 
pursuit) ;  undae  (as  if  chasing  a 
ship  to  sink  it). 

sequester,  -tra,  -trum,  [fsequit- 
(formed  like  comes,  cf.  sequor) 
+  ter  (cf.  magister)],  adj.,  de- 
positary, intermediate. — As  subst., 
a  mediator,  mediatress  :  pace  se- 
questra (reconciled by  the  truce}. 

sequor,  secutus,  sequi,  [Vse(l 
akin  to  tfOfuu],  3.  v.  dep.,  follow 
(lit.  and  fig.),  pursue,  chase  :  se- 
quendi  (traces  to  follow) ;  quern 
armenta ;  signa  sequantur  (keep 
the  ranks) ;  qui  me  casus ;  iussa 
(obey) ;  haec  exempla ;  secutae 
aera  (of  bees) .  —  Less  exactly, 
follow  (in  order),  come  next,  ensue, 
follow  (in  a  course  of  action),  do 
the  like  :  frumenta  (follow) ;  de 
cortice  sanguis ;  laetum  paeana 
(take  up,  continue) .  —  Also,  follow 
with,  follow  (in  company),  accom- 
pany, side  with  :  factum  fortuna 
{prosper);  me  fama  (attend}; 
manum  sagitta  {yield  to,  come 
away  with);  sequetur  facilis 
(come  away,oi  plucking  a  branch)  ; 
non  sequitur  vox  (does  not  come, 
follow  the  effort) ;  quam  fama 
secuta  est  (of  whom  the  story 
goes) .  —  Also,  follcnu  after,  aim  at, 
seek  :  Italiam ;  pennis  astra ; 
sidera  voce  (soar  to  heaven  with 
a  song) .  —  Also  of  the  route  passed 
over,  follow  out,  follmv,  pursue, 
trace,  pass  through,  go  over,  under- 
go :  saltus ;  quid  sequens  (fol- 
lowing what  course)  ;  maiora  (deal 
with) ;  fastigia  ;  sudor  membra 
(creep  over)  ;  fata  (accomplish) ; 
arma  (take  up);  bella  [engage 


in) ;  meliora  (a  higher  destiny) ; 
extrema  ferro  (seek  a  desperate 
remedy) .  —  Also,  overtake :  meli- 
ora miseros.  —  sequeiis,  -cut  is, 
p.  as  subst.  (esp.  plur.),  a  pursuer, 
those  behind,  the  next,  one  in  search, 
a  folloi.uer. 

sereno,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [fse- 
reno],  I.  v.  a.,  clear,  calm.  —  Po- 
etically :  spem  fronte  serenat 
(smooths  his  brow  with  hope). 

sore  mis,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  clear, 
fair,  cloudless,  calm,  placid :  nu- 
bes  (light,  dry);  vultus. — Neut., 
fair  weather. 

Seres,  -um,  [Gr.  27Jp«s],  m.,  plur., 
the  people  of  Eastern  Asia  (in- 
cluding prob.  the  Chinese),  where 
the  cotton-tree  grows. 

Serestus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  follower  of 
y£neas. 

Sergestus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  follower  of 
tineas. 

Sergius,  -a,-um,  [?],  adj.,  a  Roman 
gentile  name  :  domus  (the  Sergian 
house). 

series,  -el,  [-y/ser  (in  i.  sero)  + 
ies,  cf.  inluvies],  f.,  a  row,  a  line, 
a  succession,  a  chain,  n  train. 

serius,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  serious. 
—  Neut.  plur.  as  subst.,  serious 
business. 

scrum,  -onis,  [v/ser  (in  i.  sero) 
+  mo,  but  prob.  through  interme- 
diate stem,  cf.  homo],  m.,  dis- 
course, talk,  speech,  words  (spoken), 
common  talk,  rumor,  murmurs. — 
Also,  language,  tongue. 

1 .  sero,  perf.  not  found,  sertnm,  se- 
rere,  [  -y/ser,  akin  to  fyw,  elp<a~], 
3.  v.  a.,  join,  plait,  weave.  —  Fig. : 
multa  serebant  (talked much). 

2.  sero,  sevi,  satum,  serere,  [  y'sa 
(Eng.  sow),  reduplicated  (with  r 
for  s)],  3.  v.  a.,  sent',  plant.  —  Fig., 
scatter,  spread.  —  Poetically,  be  a 

farmer.  —  Also,  beget  (in  p.p.) .  — 
serens,  -entis,  p.  as  subst.,  a 
sower.  —  satus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as 
adj.,  sown,  planted,  growing;  — 
also,  sprung  from,  born,  descended 

from.  —  Masc.   and  fern.,   son  of, 


Vocabulary. 


251 


descendant  of,  daughter  of. — Neut. 
plur.,  sown  fields,  grooving  crops, 
tilled  fields. 

serpens,  -cntis,  [p.  of  serpo],  m., 
a  serpent,  a  snake. 

serpo,  serpsi,  serptuin,  serpcre, 
[y'serp,  akin  to  epTro>],  3.  v.  n., 
crawl,  creep.  —  Fig.,  glide,  tiuine, 
creep  on,  spread. 

serpylluiu,  -I,  [Gr.  tpiriMAoy],  n., 
wild  thyme. 

serra,  -ac,  [poss.  ^/sec  +  ra],  f.,  a 
saw. 

Serramis,  -I,  [akin  to  sarrio],  m. : 
I.  C.  Atilius  Regulus  Serranus,  a 
famous  Roman  whose  election  to 
the  consulship  was  announced  to 
him  while  ploughing;  2.  ARutulian. 

sort  n  111,  -I,  [n.  p.p.  of  I.  sero],  n., 
a  garland,  a  wreath. 

serum,  -I,  [  ?,  akin  to  apes'],  n.,  whey. 

serus,  -a,  -uni,  [?],  adj.,  late,  too 
late,  tardy,  latest :  vires  (too  far 
gone) ;  mea  sera  voluptas  (of  my 
age);  nepotes  (far  distant). — 
Neut.  as  adv.,  late. 

serva,  -ae,  [f.  of  servus],  f.,  a 
maid-servant. 

srrvatiis,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  servo. 

servio,  -ivi  (-il),  -Ituiu,  -Ire, 
[fservo-],  4.  v.  n.,  be  a  slave, 
serve.  —  Less  exactly,  obey,  be  sub- 
ject to. 

servitium,  -I  (-ii),  [fservo+tium, 
cf.  aiuicitia],  n.,  slavery,  servi- 
tude. — Less  exactly,  subjection  (of 
men  and  animals). 

servo,  -avl,  -atuin,  -are,[fserv6-], 
I.  v.  a.,  watch  over,  guard,  keep 
(from  harm),  look  out  for,  take  care 
of,  protect,  save  (by  protection), 
preserve,  keep  alive.  —  Hence,  re- 
tain, maintain,  hold,  keep,  save, 
stay  by,  continue  in,  stand  by,  re- 
serve, observe  (a  rite  or  occasion)  : 
fidein  (keep  one's  word  or  faith, 
the  regular  expression) .  —  Also, 
observe,  watch,  watch  for,  note, 
search,  trace,  gaze  on,  reach  (of 
the  eyesight).  —  servans,  -aiitis 
(superl.  servaiitissiiuus),  p.  as 
adj.,  observant. 


sescenti  (sex-),  -ae,  -a,  [sex-cen- 
tum], adj.,  six  hundred. 
sese,  see  sui. 
seta,  setiger,  setosus ;  see  saeta, 

etc.,  the  approved  spelling. 

seu,  see  sive. 

severus,  -a,  -um,  [?,  poss.  akin  to 
fff&opat,  revere],  adj.,  strict,  stern, 
severe,  austere. —  Poetically,  cruel, 
awful :  amnis  Cocyti,  Eumeni- 
dum. 

Severus,  -I,  [see  severus],  m.,  a 
mountain  in  the  Sabine  territory, 
on  the  borders  of  Picenum. 

sex  [?,  akin  to  |{],  indecl.  num. 
adj.,  six. 

sexcentf,  see  sescenti. 

si  [prob.  loc.  of  pron.-y/ra  (or  ^/sa), 
in  that  case  (cf.  sic)],  conj.,  if,  in 
case,  in  conditions.  —  Also,  where 
the  condition  is  a  mere  form,  if(\i 
is  true  that),  since,  as,  when,  when- 
ever. —  Esp. :  si  quidem,  if .  .  . 
really,  since,  seeing  that.  —  In 
wishes  :  si,  O  si,  if  only,  oh  if,  oh 
that,  would  that.  —  With  indef. 
pron.  and  adverbs :  si  quis,  etc., 
if  any  otie,&c.,  whoever,  whenever, 
&c.  — In  a  proviso,  if,  in  case, pro- 
vided. —  Esp. :  si  modo,  if  only, 
provided  that.  —  Also :  quam  si, 
in  comparisons,  than  if,  tJian  when, 
as  if,  as  when.  —  In  apparent  in- 
direct questions,  in  case,  if,  whether. 

—  Concessive,  even  if,  though.  — 
In  asseverations,  if,  as  sure  as. 

sibild,  -avi,  -ut  um,  -are,  [fsi,bi- 

16-],  I.  v.  n.,  hiss. 
sibil us,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  hissing, 

—  Less  exactly,  whispering,  rus- 
tling.— Masc.,  a  rustle,  a  murmur. 

Sibylla,  -ae,  [Gr.  S^SvAAa],  f.,  a 
Sibyl,  a  female  seer.  A  large  num- 
ber of  such  personages  are  men- 
tioned, of  which  one  of  the  most 
famous  is  the  Cum;iean,  who  was 
visited  by  .Kneas,  and  by  whom  he 
was  conducted  to  the  world  below. 
The  idea  of  such  persons  seems  to 
have  been  of  foreign  origin  (prob- 
ably Hebrew),  though  their  func- 
tions were  closely  connected  with 


252 


Vocabulary. 


the  worship  of  Apollo,  the  Greek 
and  Latin  god  of  divination. 

sic  [si-ce,  cf.  si  and  hie],  adv.,  so, 
thus,  in  this  ivay.  —  Of  a  proviso, 
so  (and  so  only),  thus  (and  not 
otherwise) . 

Sicanius,  -a,  -um,  [fSicano-  (re- 
duced) +  ius],  adj.,  of  the  Sicani, 
Sicanian. — Less  exactly,  Sicilian, 
of  Sicily.  —  Fern.,  Sicily. 

Sir  si  n  i  is,  -a,  -um,  [fSico- (reduced, 
cf.  Siculus)  +  anus],  adj.,  of  the 
Sicani  (an  ancient  race  of  Central 
Italy,  supposed  to  have  colonized 
Sicily),  Sicanian.  —  Masc.  plur., 
the  Sicani. — Less  exactly,  Sicilian. 

slcco,  -avl,  nl  urn,  -are,  [fsicco-], 
I  .v.a.,  dry,  drain:  cmore&(stanch). 

siccus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  dry,  dried 
up,  thirsty,  parched.  —  Neut.,  the 
dry  land. 

Sicelis,  -idis,  [Gr.  2wceA.fs],  f.  adj., 
Sicilian,  a  Sicilian  woman. 

Sichaeus,  see  Sychaeus. 

sicubi  [supposed  to  be  si-fcubi  (old 
form  of  ubi),  but  cf.  sic  and  ubi], 
adv.,  if  anywhere,  wherever,  where. 

Siculus,  -a,  -um,  [fSico-  (cf.  Si- 
canus)  +  Ius,  akin  to  2iKeA.<ta], 
adj.,  Sicilian,  of  Sicily. 

sicut  [sic-ut] ,  adv.,  so  as,  just  as,  as. 

Sicyonius,  -a,  -um,[Gr.  Si/cuaSvios], 
adj.,  of  Sicyon  (a  city  of  Pelopon- 
nesus famous  for  its  olives),  Sicy- 
onian. 

sldcreus,  -a,  -um,  [fsider  +  eus], 
adj.,  starry,  star-like:  clipeus 
(orb- like). 

Sid  i<-i  n  us,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  of  the 
Siclicini  (a  people  of  Campania). 

sido,  sidi,  no  sup.,  sidcrc,  [-y/sed, 
reduplicated],  3.  v.  n.,  sit  down. — 
Less  exactly,  alight. 

SIdon,  -onis,  [Gr.  2j5e6/|,  f.,  an 
ancient  city  of  Plucnicia,  from 
which  Tyre  was  colonized. 

Sidonius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  SiScowos, 
-oi/ios],  adj.,  of  Sidon,  Sidonian. 
Less  exactly,  Tyrian,  Phoenician  : 
urbs  (of  Tyre). 

sidus,  -eris,  [poss.  aid  (as  root  of 
sido)  +  us,  position  ?,  as  a  nauti- 


cal, augural,  or  astrological  word], 
n.,  a  constellation,  a  i/tiarter  of 
the  sky.  —  Less  exactly,  <t  heavenly 
orb  (including  the  sun  and  moon}, 
a  star :  sidera  emensae  {starry 
regions).  —  Also,  mostly  plur.,  the 
heavens,  Heaven,  the  stars  of  f  fear- 
en,  the  skies,  the  sky  :  ad  sidera 
(to  the  skies,  aloft). —  Poetically,  a 
season,  a  storm  :  mutato  sidere 
(at  the  change  of  seasons). 

SIgeus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  ~2.iytiov~\, 
adj.,  of  Sigeum,  a  promontory  of 
the  Troad) .  —  Neut.,  Sigeum,  the 
promontory. 

significo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [as  if 
fsignific-,  cf.  artifex],  i.  v.  a. 
and  n.,  make  a  sign,  signal,  beckon. 

signo,  -avl,-atum,  -are,[tsigno-], 
I.  v.  a.,  mark,  distinguish  (by 
marking),  mark  out.  —  Of  the  ef- 
fect, draw,  trace.  —  Also,  discern, 
mark,  notice,  fix  the  eye  on :  se 
signari  oculis  (that  all  eyes  are 
turned  upon  him).  —  Also,  honor, 
distinguish,  mark :  nomen  ossa. 
—  Poetically :  ora  puer  iuventa 
(show  marks  of  youth  in  his  face). 

signum,  -1,  [unc.  root  +  num,  n.  of 
-nus,  cf.  magnus],  n.,  a  mark,  <i 
sign,  an  indication,  a  trace  (as  a 
mark),  a  track,  a  signal,  a  watch- 
word. —  Esp.,  an  image,  a  figure, 
a  representation,  a  carving  (poss. 
the  orig.  meaning,  cf.  seco),  a 
relief,  embroidery, —  Also,  a  con- 
stellation, a  star,  a  sign  (of  the 
Zodiac,  plur.  the  Zodiac).  —  Also 
(in  plur.),  the  standards  (of  an 
army,  as  a  rallying-point  or  as  a 
trqphy  of  victory)  :  referens  (of 
Camillus)  ;  reposcereParthos(of 
the  standards  taken  by  the  Par- 
thians  from  Crassus);  ferre  {bear, 
serve  in  the  ranks)  ;  sequi  (keep 
the  ranks)  ;  conferre  (Join  battle, 
charge) ;  collatis  signis  (in  close 
combat);  movere  (break  camp, 
advance);  vellere  (pluck  up  the 
standards,  set  in  the  ground,  break 
Cii nip,  advance). 

Sila,  -ac,  [  ?],  f.,  a  forest  in  Bruttium. 


Vocabulary. 


253 


Silarus,-!,  [Gr.  2/A.apis],  ra.,  a  river 
between  Lucania  and  Campania, 
around  which  were  extensive  pas- 
ture-grounds. It  flows  into  the 
sea  neai1  Paestum. 

sileiitium,  -i  (-il),[fsilent+ium], 
n.,  silence,  stillness,  quiet. — Also, 
secrecy. 

Silenus,  -I,  [Gr.  SfiAr/Ws],  m.,  an 
old  Satyr,  the  chief  attendant  of 
Bacchus.  He  is  represented  as  a 
fa£  old  man,  generally  intoxicated. 

sileo,  -ui,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [  ?],  2.  v.  n., 
be  silent,  keep  silence,  be  mute,  be 
dumb,  be  still,  be  noiseless.  —  Poet- 
ically, act.,  leave  unsung.  —  si- 
lens,  -entis,  p.  as  adj.,  silent, 
still,  mute,  in  silence,  voiceless, 
soundless.  —  Masc.  plur.,  the  silent 
shades,  the  voiceless  ghosts. 

slier,  -eris,  [?],  n.,  a  willow  (of  a 
particular  kind,  perh.  Salix  vitu- 
lina),  osier. 

silesco,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -escere, 
[fsile-  (of  sileo)  +  sco],  3.  v.  n. 
incept.,  be  silent,  be  hushed. 

silex,  -icis,  [?],  m.  and  f.,  a  flint, 
a  pebble,  flint,  pebbles,  a  stone.  — 
Less  exactly,  rock  (in  position),  a 
cliff. 

slliqua,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  pod,  a  husk 
(of  grain). 

silva,  -ae,  [akin  to  SATJ],  f.,  a  wood, 
a  forest,  woodland :  iuga  silva- 
runi  (wooded  heights) .  —  Also,  of 
other  thick  growths,  a  thicket,  a 
thick  growth,  a  growth.  —  Poetical- 
ly, of  darts  in  a  shield.  —  Less  ex- 
actly (esp.  in  plur.),  trees,  woods,  a 
growth  of  trees,  wood,  fruit-trees, 
orchards,  pastures  (wooded).  — 
Esp.,  the  woods  (as  opposed  to 
cities  or  villages). 

Siivanus,  -I,  [fsilva  -f  nus,  cf. 
Portunus],  m.,  an  Italian  wood- 
land deity,  presiding  over  woods, 
tillage,  and  cattle.  He  is  repre- 
sented with  a  garland  of  flowers 
and  reeds,  carrying  a  tree-trunk, 
and  is  often  associated  with  Pan 
and  the  Nymphs. 

silvestris,  -e,  [stem  akin  to  silva 


+  tris,  cf.  equestris],  adj.,  wood- 
land (adj.),  forest  (adj.),  woody, 
wild,  of  the  woods  :  Hiera  (dwell- 
ing in  the  woods') .  —  Fig.,  rustic, 
woodland. 

Silvia,  -ae,  [f.  of  Silvius],  f.,  a 
Latin  maid  whose  pet  stag  was 
killed  by  lulus. 

silvicola,  -ae,  [fsilva-  (weakened) 
-cola,  cf.  incola],  m.,  dwelling  in 
the  woods,  woodland  (adj.). 

Silvius,  -I  (-11),  [fsilva-  (reduced) 
-f  ius],  m.,  a  name  of  several  kings 
of  Alba,  esp.  the  supposed  son  of 
./Eneas  and  founder  of  the  line, 
and  Silvi us  sEneas,  a  later  offshoot 
of  the  stock. 

similis,  -e,  [fsimo-  (cf.  '6/j.os,  sim- 
plex) +  lis],  adj.,  like,  resembling, 
of  the  same  kind,  similar,  the  same. 

Siniois,  -entos,  [Gr.  2iyuoefs],  m., 
a  river  of  the  Troad. 

simplex,  -icis,  [fsimo-  (reduced, 
cf.  similis)  -plex,  cf.  duplex], 
adj.,  single,  simple,  pure,  untaint- 
ed:  herba  (plain). — With  nega- 
tives, not  uniform,  manifold :  sim- 
plex nec  modus  inserere  (and 
the  method  &c.  is  not  uniform,  is 
manifold). 

simul  [n.  of  similis  (cf.  facul- 
tas)],  adv.,  at  the  same  time ;  — 
repeated,  at  once  .  .  .  and,  and  at 
the  same  time,  no  sooner  .  .  .  than. 

—  simul  atque  (ac),  as  soon  as. 

—  Without  atque,  in  same  sense. 
—  Also,  at  once,   immediately,  to- 
gether :  arma  simul  iacere  vina 
simul  (all  together) . — Rarely  (with 
abl.   without  prep.),   at  the  same 
time  with  (as)  :  his  dictis  (with 
these  words).  —  With  a  participle, 
while  :  simul  hoc  dicens. 

simulacrum,  -I,  [fsimula-  (of  si- 
inulo)  +  crum],  n.,  an  image,  a 
statue,  a  spectre,  a  ghost,  a  phan- 
tom.—  a  mimicry,  an  imitation. 

simulatus, -a, -um,  p.p.ofsimulo. 

simulo,  -avi,  -Stum,  -are,  [fsimili- 
(cf.  simul)],  I.  v.  a.,  make  like, 
counterfeit,  imitate.  —  Also,  make 
a  pretence,  pretend,  feign  :  simu- 


254 


Vocabulary. 


lans  multa  {making  many  pre- 
tences).—  si  inn  hit  us,  -a,  -um, 
p.p.,  made  like,  counterfeit,  pre- 
tended, false :  simulata  mente 
(with  deceitful  purpose} ;  verba 
(assumed}  ;  magnis  Pergama, 
(imitating,  &c.) ;  simulate  nu- 
mine  Bacchi  {pretending  an  in- 
spiration, &c.). 

slums,  -a,  -um,  [?,  cf.  aip.6s},  adj., 
flat- nosed. 

sin  [si-ne,  if  not"],  conj.,  but  if,  if 
however,  if  on  the  other  hand. 

sine  [?,  akin  to  sed,  cf.  pone], 
prep.,  without.  —  With  abl.  in  adj. 
or  adv.  phrase  :  tenuem  sine  viri- 
bus  umbram ;  sine  fine  furens ; 
sine  more  furit  {ungovernably) ; 
raptae  sine  more  Sabinae  (law- 
lessly)^ 

singulto,  no  perf.,  -atuiii,  -are, 
[fsingultu-],  I .  v.  n.,  hiccough, sob: 
singultantem  sanguine  trnncum 
{spouting  jets  of  blood} . 

singultus,  -us,  [fsingulo-  (re- 
duced) +  tus,  as  if  fr.  stem  of  lost 
verb,  cf.  singultim],  m.,  gasping, 
panting,  a  gasp. 

(si n <•  u I  us,  -a,  -um,  archaic),  Plur. 
singuli,  -ae,  -a,  [akin  to  siimil  ], 
adj.,  one  at  a  time,  one  by  one,  each 
in  detail,  singly  (in  adv.  force) : 
nee  singula  corpora  {and  not 
single  creatures  merely} ;  inter 
singula  verba  {with  every  word} . 
—  Neut.  (as  subst.),  each  thing, 
every  detail,  everything,  every 
point,  every  object. 

sinister,  -tra,  -truin,  [unc.  stem 
+ter,cf.  minister],  adj.,  left  hand, 
left,  on  the  left.  —  From  auspices, 
ill-boding,  inauspicious,  mischifi'- 
ous,  hurtful  (but  also,  favorable, 
from  a  different  doctrine  of  au- 
gury).— Fern.  (sc.  manus),///<?  left 
hand. 

sino,  slvi,  situm,  sinere,  [*\/&i, 
of  unc.  kin.],  3.  v.  a.,  {place, put), 
leave  (cf.  pono),  (rarely  exc.  in 
comp.  and  p.p.) :  sinite  arma 
viris. — Fig.  (cf.  Eng.  "leave"), 
permit,  allow,  let,  suffer,  let  be  : 


non  perterrita  sinit  agmina 
{suffer  to  be,  &c.).  —  Also  (perh. 
imitation  of  Greek,  cf.  tdca},  spare, 
forbear,  leave  off,  desist :  hanc 
animam  ;  nunc  sinite.  —  situs, 
-a,  -um,  p.p.,  situated. 

Sinon,  -onis,  [?],  m.,  the  spy  who 
induced  the  Trojans  to  admit  the 
wooden  horse  within  their  walls. 

siniiiii,  -I,  [akin  to  sinus],  n.,  a 
bowl  (for  drinking). 

sinuo,  -avi,  -atiun,  -are,  [fsinu-], 
I.  v.  a.,  bend,  fold, twist  (infolds). 

simiosus,  -a,  -um  [fsinu+  osus], 
adj.,  in  folds,  winding,  coiled,  tor- 
tuous, sinuous. 

sinus,  -us,  [?],  m.,  a  bend,  a  hollow 
surface,  a  fold  (of  a  garment),  a 
coil  (of  a  serpent),  a  curve,  a  bel- 
lying (swelling)  sail,  the  hollow 
(of  a  wave)  :  sinus  extremi  or- 
bis  {the  farthest  curve  of  the  c.  ;•- 
cle  of  the  world} ;  vasto  sinu  {in 
its  mighty  embrace,  of  a  wave)  , 
sinum  trahit  fluctus  {the  s~u<el' 
rolls  on} ;  Cocytus  sinu  labens 
{in  its  winding  course}. —  Esp.,  the 
bosom  (where  the  folds  of  the  gar- 
ment cross),  the  lap,  the  breast,  an 
embrace.  —  Hence,  poetically,  of 
things  half  personified  (cf.  "  the 
lap  of  earth  "),  bosom,  lap  :  laxant 
arva  sinus  (At  Earth  opens  her 
bosom,  at  the  coming  of  Spring) ; 
Nilum  pandentem  sinum  {open- 
ing her  arms}.  —  Also,  a  bay,  a 
gulf,  a  cove  ;  a  slit. 

si  qua,  siquando,  siquis;  see  si, 
quis,  etc. 

Siren,  -enis,  [Gr.  2e<p^j/],  f.,  mostly 
plur.,  the  Sirens.  Monsters  with 
women's  heads  and  the  bodies  of 
birds,  who  enticed  mariners  to  the 
shore.  Their  abode  was  (accord- 
ing to  one  story),  upon  three  isl- 
ands off  the  bay  of  Naples,  which 
were  hence  called  Sirenum  sc-.i- 
puli. 

Sirius,  -i  (-ii),  [Gr.  2ei'pios],  m., 
Sirius,  the  Dog-star,  which  rose 
with  the  sun  (at  the  period  when 
the  popular  astronomy  began), 


Vocabulary. 


255 


about  the  middle  of  July.  Hence 
the  star  is  associated  with  extreme 
heat. — Also  in  appos.  as  adj.: 
Sirius  ardor  (the  heat  of  (he  Dog- 
st(ij-) . 

sisto,  stitl  (steti),  statuni,  sis- 
tere,  [  ^/sta  reduplicated,  cf.  '/(TTTJ- 
^j],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.  Act.  (causa- 
tive), (cause  to  stand),  set,  place, 
bring,  fetch.  —  Also,  stop,  stay, 
rein  in  (of  horses),  cause  to  stand 
still.  —  Also,  set  up,  reinstate,  re- 
store, be  the  stay  of.  —  With  reflex- 
ive, place  one's  self,  stand.  —  In- 
trans.,  stand  still,  stop,  stay,  settle, 
strike  (of  a  missile)  :  sistere  con- 
tra (make  a  stand  against,  with- 
stand, resist). 

sistrum,  -I,  [Gr.  ati<npov\ ,  n.,  a 
sistrum,  a  metallic  musical  instru- 
ment of  rods  playing  in  a  frame, 
which  produced  a  rattling  sound 
when  shaken.  It  belonged  par- 
ticularly to  the  Egyptians,  and  was 
used  in  the  worship  of  Isis  and  ap- 
parently also  in  war. 

Sithonius,  -a,  -urn,  [Gr.  ~2.iQ<l>vioi], 
adj.,  of  the  Sithonii  (a  Thracian 
tribe),  Sithonian,  Thracian. 

sit  io,  -Ivi  (-11)  ,no  sup.,  -Ire,  [  fsiti-] , 
4.  v.  n.  and  a.,  thirsl,  be  thirsty,  be 
parched,  be  dry.  —  sitiens,  -entis, 
p.  as  adj.,  thirsty,  parched,  greedy. 

sitis,  -is,  [?],  f.,  thirst.  —  Fig., 
drought,  parching  heat:  ignea  si- 
tis (burning  fever). 

situs,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  sino. 

situs,  -us,  [-y/si  (of  sino)  +  tus], 
m.,  (a  placing,  a  leaving),  neglect, 
lying  fallow,  want  of  care,  inactiv- 
ity: victa  situ  senectus  (rust,  as 
of  one's  dotage) . — Also,  a  position. 

sive  (sen),  [si-ve],  conj.,  or  if. — 
Repeated,  if  either  .  .  .  or,  whether 
. . .  or,  if. . .  or  if,  if. . .  or  if  on  the 
other  hand,  cither  . . .  or  (where  the 
force  of  si  is  lost  in  Eng.). —  So  in 
other  combinations  with  samesense. 

soboles,  see  suboies. 

socer,  -eri,  [?,  cf.  «upJs],  m.,  a 
father-in-law.  —  Plur., 'parents-in- 
law. 


soeiatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  socio. 
socio, -avl, -atuni,  -are,  [fsocio-], 

1.  v.  a.,  ally,  attach,  unite,  join, 
associate :  urbe  domo  nos  (adopt 
us  &.C.,  share  with  us  &c.). —  Esp. 
by  the  bond  of  marriage. 

socius,  -a,  -um,  [  y'sec^in  sequor) 
+  ius],  adj.,  accompanying,  allied, 
associated,  friendly  :  agmina  (al- 
lied, of  friends)  ;  arma  (alliance 
in  arms)  ;  agmen  (band  of  allies)  ; 
rates  (allied,  of  his  countrymen}  ; 
Penates  (kindred).  —  Masc.  and 
fern,  (as  subst.),  a  companion,  an 
ally,  a  follower,  a  friend,  an  asso- 
ciate, an  abettor,  an  assistant :  8O- 
cii  comitentur  ovantes  (friends 
and  neighbors') ;  O  socii  (com- 
rades, companions). 

sodalis,  -is,  [?],  comm.,  a  comrade 
(intimate  friend). 

sol,  soils,  [?,  cf.  f}Aios],  m.,f/if  sun, 
conceived  as  driving  in  a  char- 
iot from  ocean  to  ocean,  and  more 
or  less  identified  with  Apollo  the 
sun-god.  —  Less  exactly,  sunshine, 
the  heat  of  the  sun  (as  in  Eng.), 
the  light  of  the  sun  :  alio  sub  sole 
(in  another  clime) ;  sol  cadens 
(the  west,  the  setting  sun,  also  the 
region  of  sunset) .  —  Plur.  (each 
day  having  its  own  sun),  the  sun, 
days  of  sunshine,  days,  sunshine  : 
soles  condere  (see  the  sun  to  rest, 
close  the  day). 

solarium  (solat-),  -i  (-11),  [fso- 
lac-  (cf.  ferocia)  or  solato-  (cf. 
initium)  +  ium] ,  n.,  solace,  con- 
solation. —  Plur. :  tua  (the  solace 
you  afford);  nostri  (my  solace); 
luctus  (of  a  grief). 

sola  men,  -inis,  [fsola-  (of  solor) 
-|-  men],  n.,  solace,  comfort,  allevi- 
ation, relief,  consolation. 

solatium,  see  solarium. 

so  I  at  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  solor. 

solemnis,  see  sollemnis. 

soleo,  solitus   sum,  solere,  [?], 

2.  v.  n.,  be  wont,  be  accustomed,  use. 
—  solitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
wonted,     customary,     accustomed, 
usual. 


256 


Vocabulary. 


solers,  see  sellers. 
sol ido,  -avl,  -atum,  -arc,  [fsoli- 
do-],  I.  v.  a.,  make  solid,  harden. 
solidus,-a,-uni,[tsolo- (of  solum) 
+  dus],  adj.,  solid,  firm,  stout, 
strong.  —  Also  (without  the  idea  of 
strength),  solid,  entire.  —  Fig.,  un- 
impaired, vigorous.  —  Neut.,  the 
solid  ground,  firm  ground,  solid 
•wood.  —  Fig. :  in  solido  (on  firm 
ground,  on  a  firm  footing) . 

solium,  -I  (-11),  [poss.  fsolo-  (re- 
duced) +  ium],  n.,  a  seat,  a  throne. 

sollemnis,  -e,  [  ?,  fsollo-annus  (re- 
duced and  declined  as  adj.)],  adj., 
yearly,  annual, stated,  appointed. — 
From  association  with  sacred  rites, 
solemn,  sacred, festival,  customary, 
•wonted:  imperium(d.r  before,  time- 
honored"). —  Neut.,  a  sacred  rite, 
funeral  rites  (plur.). 

sellers,  -ertis,  [fsollo-ars,  decl.  as 
adj.],  adj.,  skilful,  expert,  •well- 
skilled^ 

sollicito  (sol-),  -avi,  -alum,  -are, 
[fsollicito-],  I.  v.  a.,  stir  up,  stir, 
agitate:  telum  (work  back  and 
forth).  —  Fig.,  disturb,  trouble, 
agitate,  worry,  harass,  provoke, 
stimulate. 

sol  I  irit  us  (sol-),  -a,  -um,  [fsollo- 
citus],  adj.,  violently  agitated: 
mare  (troubled).  —  Fig.,  agitated, 
troubled,  anxious,  in  anxiety,  in 
suspense:  araores  (unhappy). 

solor,  -situs,  -ari,  [  ?,  poss.  fs616-(cf. 
In  solido)],  i.  v.  dep. (of  persons), 
console,  relieve,  comfort,  cheer,  en- 
courage.—  Of  evils,  &c.,  alleviale, 
relieve,  lighten  :  metum  (calm); 
amorem  (solace,  lighten  the  pains 
of);  solan  do  lenire  (relieve  by 
consolation) . 

solsf  itiuni,  -i,  (-11),  [fsol-stitium, 
cf.  i  us(  i  tin  in  | ,  n.,  the  summer 
solstice  (cf.  brunia,  the  winter 
solstice),  the  summer,  the  summer 
heat. 

solum,  -i,  [cf.  solidus],  n.,  the 
ground,  the  land,  the  earth,  t/ie 
soil,  earth,  land,  a  site  :  subtra- 
hitur  solum  (the  surf,i,e  /lies  be- 


neath them)  ;  quocunque  solo  ex- 
is  (spot  of  earth)  ;  tremefacta 
solo  ie\\Q.s(beneath)  ;  urbs  Etrus- 
ca  solo  (in  situation) ;  nostrum 
solum  (our  land);  aequo  crede 
solo  (on  an  equal  footing) ;  Cere- 
ale  solum  (support,  receptacle) . 
solum,  see  solus, 
solus,  -a,  -um,  gen.  -ius,  [perh. 
akin  to  sollus  with  different  suffix], 
adj.,  alone,  single,  only,  the  only, 
in  solitude:  lumen  quod  solum 
(his  only  one).  —  Also,  lonely,  sol- 
itary, deserted. 

solutus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  solvo. 
solvo,  solvl,  solutum,  solvere, 
[prob.  se-  2.  luo,  cf.  Aueo],  3.  v.  a. 
Of  a  bond,  unbind,  untie,  unloose, 
cast  off,  break  dcnvn  :  funes ;  nexus 
solvuntur  (are  relaxed) ;  cra- 
tes ;  iuga  tauris ;  vittas.  —  So 
fig.,  loosen,  dismiss  :  corde  metum 
(cf.  corda  metu)  pudorem  (do 
away  with);  foedus  (break). — 
Also  of  the  thing  bound,  release, 
set  free,  let  loose,  loosen  (from  its 
hold),  detach,  let  go,  unloose,  un- 
furl, break  up,  open  ottt,  extend, 
break,  destroy  :  equum  colla  (free 
from  the  yoke)  ;  crines  (unbind)  ; 
agmina  caudae  solvuntur  (are 
unwound,  cf.  manipll  soluti) ; 
se  luctu  (throw  off)  ;  puppis  sol- 
vitur  (is  broken  up, goes  to  pieces)  ; 
agmina  (break  up,  divide) ;  ocu- 
los  (close,  relax)  ;  solutae  Iliades 
crinem  (with  flowing  hair)  ;  cae- 
lum  in  Tartara  (confound Heaven 
and  Hell) .  —  Esp., paralyze,  relax, 
enervate,  dissolve,  thaw;  mem- 
bra ;  latera  solvuntur  (become 
fiabby)  ;  viscera;  solvitur  in  som- 
nos  (sinks).  —  Also,  pay  (unbind 
an  obligation),  discharge, perform 
(a  due).  —  solutus,  -a,  -um,  p.p. 
as  adj.,  unbound,  loose,  relaxed, 
free,  opened,  extended,  unre- 
strained:  ite  solutae;  manipli 
(open,  extended);  risus  (unre- 
strained) ;  somno  vinoque  solu- 
ti (buried). 
somnifor,  -era,  -erum,  [fsomno- 


Vocabulary. 


257 


fer  (^/fer+us)],  adj.,  soporific : 
cantus  (that  lull  to  sleep*) . 

sum niuni,  -I  (-11),  [fsomno-  (re- 
duced) +  ium],  n.,  a  dream.  — 
Personified,  a  Dream. 

so 1 11  ii  us,  -I,  [y'sop+nus,  cf.  fori/os], 
m.,  sleep,  slumber  :  somno  iacens 
(lying  asleep} .  —  Also,  a  dream,  a 
•vision.  —  Also,  night.  —  Personi- 
fied, Sleep. 

sonipes,  -edis,  [fsono-pes],  m., 
the  prancing  steed,  the  horse  with 
ringing  hoof. 

sonitus,  -us,  [fsoni-  (weaker  stem 
of  sono)  +  tns],  m.,  a  sound,  a 
noise,  a  din,  a  rattle,  a  ring,  a 
clang,  a  roar,  a  hiwn,  a  ringing, 
clanging,  clashing,  or  crackling 
noise :  pedum  (tramp}. 

sono,  -ul,  -Itnm,  -are,  [fsono-], 
I.  v.  n.,  give  forth  a  sound,  sound, 
resound,  sing  noisily,  ring,  roar, 
echo,  rattle,  twang  (of  a  bow,  &c.), 
whiz,  thunder:  magno  ore  (sotind 
the  loudest  tones') ;  gradibus  so- 
nant (plant  their  ringing  hoofs}. 
—  With  cogn.  ace.,  resound  with, 
speak  noisily :  atavos  (loudly 
boast}  ;  sonans  acerba  (harsh 
sounding) ;  nee  mortale  sonans 
(with  no  mortal  voice};  classica; 
nee  vox  hominem  sonat  (sound 
human}.  —  soimns,  -antis,  p.  as 
adj.,  sounding,  resounding,  roar- 
ing, murmuring,  rattling,  twang- 
ing, noisy,  screaming. 

sonor,  -oris,  [y'son  (in  sonus)  + 
or],  m.,  a  sound,  a  noise,  a  roar, 
a  ring. 

sonorus,  -a,  -um,  [perh.  fsonor  + 
us,  but  cf.  decorus],  adj.,  sound- 
ing, noisy,  roaring,  rattling,  ring- 
_ing. 

sons,  soiitis,  [?],  adj.,  guilty. — 
Masc.  plur.,  the  guilty. 

sonus,  -I,  [^/son  (cf.  sonor)  +  us], 
m.,  a  sound,  a  ring,  a  nntrmur,  a 
din,  an  uproar  :  fit  sonus  (tliei'e 
is  a  crash}. 

Sophocleus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  2o<£o- 
x\tios~],  adj.,  of  Sophocles,  the  great 


master  of  tragic  poetry.  —  Also 
(almost  reduced  to),  tragic. 

sopio, -Ivi  (-ii),  -Itum,  -Ire,[ ^/sop 
(cf.  sopor),  perh.  through  adj.- 
stem],  4.  v.  a.,  lull  to  sleep.  —  so- 
pitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  put 
to  sleep  :  sopitus  somno  (buried 
in  sleep) .  —  So,  fig. :  arae  ,  ignes 
(half  extinguished} ;  sensus  (slum- 
bering') . 

sopitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  sopio. 

sopor,  -oris,  [VSOP  (cf-  sopio)  _f_ 
or],  m..,  sleep. — Personified,  Sleep. 

soporatus,  -a,  -um,  [p.p.  of  so- 
poro],  adj.,  soporific,  endued  with 
sleep. 

soporifer,  -era,  -erum,  [fsopor- 
(as  if  fsopori)  -fer  (^/fer-t-  us)], 
adj.,  sleep-inducing,  drowsy. 

soporus,  -a,  -um,  [perh.  fsopor-f 
us,  but  cf.  decorus],  adj.,  drowsy. 

Soracte,  -is,  [?],  n.,  a  high  moun- 
tain in  Etruria,  a  few  miles  from 
Rome.  On  its  top  was  a  temple 
of  Apollo,  where  a  festival  was  held 
in  his  honor  with  peculiar  rites. 
(Mt.^St.  Oreste.} 

sorbeo,  -m,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [perh. 
akin  to  ^o^e'w],  2.  v.  a.,  suck  in, 
swallow  up. 

sorbum,  -I,  [?],  n.,  the  sorbus,  a 
berry,  prob.  the  service  berry,  Sor- 
bus domestica. 

sordeo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  sordere, 
[fsordi-  (of  sordes)],  2.  v.  n.,  be 
foul.  —  Fig.,  be  worthless. 

sordid  us,  -a,  -um,  [fsordi-f  dus], 
adj.,  foul,  filthy,  squalid :  rura 
(the  humble  country). 

soror,  -oris,  [?,  akin  to  Eng.«5/^r], 
f.,  a  sister.  —  Plur.,  of  the  Muses, 
lite  Sisters  ;  of  the  Nymphs,  as  of 
kin,  sister  nymphs,  sisters. 

sors,  sortis,  [unc.  root  (cf.  2.  sero, 
-f  tis)],  f.,  a  lot,  an  assigned  por- 
tion, a  division,  a  part. — -Also,  a 
lot  (cast),  fate,  destiny,  fortune, 
an  allotment :  pugnae,  Martis 
(fortune  of  war}  ;  ultra  sortem 
senectae  (beyond  the  common  lot, 
&c.)  ;  sorte  (by  lot,  by  fate,  by 
allotment} ;  sine  sorte  (without 


258 


Vocabulary. 


lots,  by  which  the  judges  were 
chosen).  —  Also  (from  the  Italian 
divination  by  lots),  generally  plur., 
an  oracle,  oracles,  responses,  pro- 
phetic words. 

sortior,  -Itus,  -fri,  [fsorti-],  4.  v. 
dep.,  allot,  choose  by  lot,  take  by 
lot,  take  (what  is  assigned  by  lot), 
divide  by  lot :  remos  (choose  the 
oarsmen  by  lot} ;  fata  (decide) . 
—  Less  exactly,  choose,  select :  sor- 
titus  fortunam  oculis  (choosing 
his  opportunity). 

sortitus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  sortior. 

sortitus,  -us,  [fsorti-  (of  sortior) 
+  tus],  m.,  an  assignment,  an  al- 
lotment. 

sospes,  -itis,  [?],  adj.,  safe,  saved, 
alive. 

spadix,  -Icis,  [Gr.  oTnf5i{],  adj.,  bay, 
brown. 

spargo,  sparsi,  sparsum,  spar- 
gere,  [-v/8ParS>  °f  unc-  kin.], 
3.  v.  a.,  slre-M,  scatter,  sprinkle, 
fling  around,  hurl,  cast,  spatter  : 
sparsa  per  orbem  (dispersed).  — 
Fig.,  spread,  diffuse,  scatter,  fling 
out.  —  With  change  of  point  of 
view,  bestrew,  strew,  sprinkle,  cover 
far  and  near  (here  and  there), 
spot:  sparsis  pellibus  albo  (their 
skins  spotted  with  ivhile) . 

sparsus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  spargo. 

Sparta,  -ae,  [Gr.  'S.Trapriii],  f.,  also 
called  Lacedccmon,  the  capital  of 
Laconia. 

Spartanus,  -a,  -um,  [fSparta  -f 
nus],  adj.,  Spartan. 

sparus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  bill-hook  (a 
rustic  weapon  of  some  kind),  a 
hunting-spear  (?). 

spatior,  -iitus,  -ari,  [fspatio-], 
I.  v.  dep.,  walk  back  and  forth. 

spatiuinr-,~i',  (:>-  [?,  cf.  ^Eol.  aird- 
Stov,  -rf^luTOj1,  n.  (often  plur.),  a 
space,  a  ^stance,  an  interval,  a 
stretch  (of  distance  or  extent), 
room,  bounds  (enclosing  space), 
a  course,  an  extent:  corripiiint 
spatia  (fly  over  the  course)  ;  ad- 
dunt  se  in  spatia  (leave  the  course 
behind  them,  see  addo)  ;  spatia 


in  sua  (within  their  bounds)  ; 
curvatis  spatiis  (in  circular 
course,  enclosing  circles)  ;  spatiis 
propioribus  (nearer  in  its  course). 

—  Fig.,  time,  room. 

species,  -ei,  [^/spec  (in  specie) 
+  ies],  f.,  an  appearance,  a  sight : 
specie  movetur  (by  appearances) . 

—  Also,  a  form,  a  shape,  a  phase, 
a  kind :  species  animornm  (the 
moods,  of  living  creatures). 

specimen,  -inis,  [fspeci-  (stem  of 
specio)  +  men],  n.,  a  mark,  a 
token,  an  emblem,  an  example,  an 
instance,  a  test,  a  proof. 

spectaculum,  -i,  [fspecta-  (of 
specto) +  culum],  n.,  a  spectacle, 
a  sight,  a  display,  an  exhibition. 

spectator,  -oris,  [fspecta-  (of 
specto)  +  tor],  m.,  a  spectator. 

spectatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  specto. 

specto,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fspec- 
to-  (cf.  specio)],  I.  v.  a.,  gaze 
upon,  gaze  at,  behold,  see,  watch, 
look  on  (absolutely)  :  ad  vitulam 
(have  an  eye  on).  —  Fig.,  view, 
consider,  regard. —  spectfitus,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.,  tried,  tested,  proved. 

specula,  -ae,  [fspeco-  (^spec-f- 
us)  -f  la,  cf.  speculum  and  VK 6- 
ireAoj],  f.,  a  watch-tower,  a  look- 
out, a  height. 

speculator,  -oris,  [fspecula-  (of 
speculor)  -f  tor],  m.,  a  spy. 

speculatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  spe- 
culor. 

speculor,  -atus,  -ari,  [fspecula-], 
I.  v.  dep.,  watch,  reconnoitre, 
search,  examine,  look  on  (abso- 
lutely), spy  out,  take  sight  at,  aim 
at,  espy,  catch  sight  of. 

specus,  -us,  [?],  m.,  f.,  and  n.,  a 
cave,  a  cavern,  a  chasm.  —  Less 
exactly,  a  cavity  (of  a  wound,  a 
gash). 

spelaeum,  -i,  [Gr.  <TiHjAatov],  n.,  a 
cave,  a  cavern,  a  den. 

spelunca,  -ae,  [Gr.  trnTJAiryl],  f.,  a 
chasm,  a  cavern,  a  cave,  a  cleft  (in 
a  rock) ,  a  grotto. 

Sperchiiis  (-eus),  -I,  [Gr.  2irepxf"- 
os],  m.,  a  noted  river  of  Thessaly 


Vocabulary. 


259 


flowing  from  Mt.  Pindus  to  the 
Maliac  Gulf.  It  was  celebrated  in 
Greek  poetry. 

speriio,  sprevi,  spretum,  sper- 
nere,  [?,  ^/sper],  3.  v.  a.,  remove 
(prob.  orig.  with  violence),  spurn. 
— Fig.,  spurn,  scorn,  reject,  despise, 
disdain :  spreta  forma  (slighted}. 

spero,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [orig. 
stem  of  spes,  or  kindred  stem], 
I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  hope.  —  Less  com- 
monly, expect,  look  for,  wait  for, 
fear. 

spes,  spei,  (old  nom.  plur.  speres), 
[  ?] ,  f.,  hope,  expectation.  —  Also, 
a  hope  (i.e.  an  object  on  which 
hope  is  founded)  :  spemque  gre- 
gemque  (the  flock  and  its  future 
hopes) . 

spiceus,  -a,  -um,  [fspica-  (re- 
duced) +  eus],  adj.,  bearded. 

spiculum,  -I,  [fspica-  (weakened) 
-f  lum  (n.  of  -lus)],  n.,  a  dart  (a 
light  missile  weapon),  a  javelin, 
an  arrow,  the  sting  (of  a  bee). 

spin  a,  -ae,  [perh.  akin  to  spica], 
f .,  a  thorn.  —  Also,  the  back-bone, 
the  spine. 

spinetum,  -i,  [fspina-  (reduced) 
+  etum,  cf.  dumetum],  n.,  a 
thorn  brake,  a  thicket  of  thorns. 

spimis,  -I,  [cf.  spina],  f.,  a  thorn 
bush,  a  sloe  tree. 

Spin,  -us,  [Gr.  2ireio>],  f.,  a  sea- 
nymph  or  nereid. 

spira,  -ae,  [Gr.  o-irfipa],  f.,  a  coil,  a 
fold. 

spirabilis,  -e,  [fspira  (of  spiro) 
+  bills],  adj.,  respirable  :  spira- 
bile  lumen  (light  and  air). 

spiraculum,  -i,  [fspira-  (of  spiro) 
+  culum,  cf.  miraculum],  n., 
breathing-place,  vent-hole. 

spiramentum,  -I,  [fspira-  (of 
spiro)  +  mentum],  n.,  an  air- 
hole, a  pore,  a  chink  :  spiramen- 
ta  animae  (the  air-passages,  the 
lungs). 

spiritus,  -us,  [fspiri-  (as  if  stem 
of  spiro)  +  tus],  m.,  the  breath,  a 
blast,  the  breath  of  life,  life,  inspi- 
ration.—  Also,  high  spirit,  cour- 


age. —  Also,  a  celestial  soul  (the 
divine  ether). 

spiro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [  ?],  I .  v.  n. 
and  a.,  breathe,  blow,  puff,  exhale. 

—  Fig.,  breathe  from,  be  diffused 
from.  —  With    cog.    ace.,    breathe 
forth,  breathe,  shed.  —  Also,  bubble, 
effervesce,  boil:  freta  (seethe) .  — 
spirans,  -antis,  p. :  spirans  gra- 
viter   thyma    (of  heavy    odor}  • 
aera     (breathing,    alive)  ;     exta 
(palpitating}. 

spissus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  thick 
(opposed to  rams),  close, crcnvded: 
ager  (compact  soil)  ;  arena  (close- 
packed}. 

splendeo,  -ui,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [?, 
fsplendo-  (cf.  splendidus)],  2. 
v.  n.,  shine,  be  bright,  glisten. 

splendesco,-dni,nosup.,-descere, 
[fsplende-  (of  splendeo)  +  sco], 
3.  v.  n.,  shine. 

splendidus,  -a,  -um,  [fsplendo- 
(cf.  splendeo) +dus],  adj.,  bright. 

—  Fig.,  magnificent,  stately. 
spoliatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  spolio. 
spolio,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fspo- 

116-],  i.  v.  a.,  strip,  despoil,  spoil. 

—  Fig.,  deprive,  bereave,  rob. 
spolium,    -i  (-ii),  [VsPo1  (?>  cf- 

ffKv\\(a)  +  iurn,  perh.  through  in- 
termediate stem,  cf.  ffKvXov},  n., 
spoil,  spoils.  —  Poetically  of  other 
advantages,  cf.  "  conquest,"  as  in 
English. 

sponda,  -ae,  [  ?],  f.,  a  bed,  a  couch. 

spondeo,  spopondi,  sponsum, 
spondere,  [^/spond, /^z<r  (liba- 
tions), through  noun-stem,  cf.  ffirov- 
5ai,  a  truce~\,  2.  v.  a.  and  n.,  prom- 
ise, agree,  promise  one's  self,  be  as- 
sured of. —  sponsus,  -a,  -um,  p.p. 
as  subst.  Masc.,  a  betrothed  bride- 
groom. —  Fern.,  a  betrothed  bride, 
one's  betrothed. 

sponsa,  see  spondeo. 

sponte  [abl.  of  lost  spoils,  of  unc. 
kin.],  f.,  of  one's  own  accord, 
voluntarily,  bv  one's  own  wishes, 
by  one's  own  will,  spontaneously  : 
sponte  sua  (spontaneously,  of  it- 


26O 


Vocabulary. 


self,  of  themselves,  without  one's 
agency}  ;  sponte  mea  componere 
curas  (in  my  own  way,  by  »iy  own 
will);  non  sponte  {not  of  his  own 
will}. 

spretus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  spemo. 

spnma,  -ae,  [-y/spu  (of  spuo)  + 
ma],  f.,  froth,  foam:  argenti 
{scum  of  silver,  litharge). 

spumous,  -a,  -um,  [fspuma-  (re- 
duced) +  eus],  adj.,  foamy,  foam- 
ing, foam-wreathed,  foam-covered. 

spiimo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fspu- 
ma-],  i.  v.  n.,  foam,  froth,  be  cov- 
ered with  foam.  —  spumans,  -aii- 
tis,  p.  as  adj.,  foaming,  foamy, 
frothing,  frothy:  spumantes  rates 
{foam  -  tossing)  ;  ensis  cruore 
(reeking). 

spumosus,  -a,  -um,  [fspuma-  (re- 
duced) +  osus],adj.,  foamy,  foam- 
ing. 

spuo,     spui,     sputum,     spuere, 


spit,  spit  out. 

squaleo,  -ui,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [fsqua- 
16-  (perh.  of  squalus,  y'squa  + 
lus?,  dogfish,  cf.  also  squalidus)], 
2.  v.  n.,  be  rough  :  squalentes  in- 
fode  conchas  {rough).  —  Of  lands, 
be  ill  tilled,  be  rough,  lie  waste.  — 
squalens,  -entis,  p.  as  adj.,  rough, 
rugged,  scaly,  unkempt,  embroi- 
dered (cf.  asper),  embossed. 

squalor,  -oris,  [  -^squal  (as  root  of 
squaleo)  +  or],  m.,  {roughness), 
foulness,  rustiness,filthiness. 

squama,  -ae,  [perh.  -y/squa  (cf. 
s<|ii;ilus,  squaleo)  +  ma],  f.,  a 
scale,  a  plate  (in  armor). 

squameus,  -a,  -um,  [fsquama- 
(reduced)  +  eus],  adj.,  scaly. 

squainosus,  -a,  -um,  [fsquama- 
(reduced)  +  osus],  adj.,  scaly. 

stahilis,  -e,  [-y/sta  (of  sto)  +  bi- 
lls], adj.,  stable,  firm.  —  Fig.,  last- 
ing, unchitiigiiig. 

stabulo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -are, 
[fstabulo-],  i.  v.  n.  <  )f  animals, 
have  a  stable,  be  kepi.  —  Of  the 
Centaurs,  live,  dwell,  have  their 
stalls. 


stabulum,  -i,  [  ^sta  (of  sto)  -f 
bulum],  n.,  a  stall,  a  stable,  a  fold, 
a  hive  (of  bees).  —  Less  exactly, 
a  herd,  an  abode  (of  wild  beasts), 
a  dwelling-place,  a  cover,  a  den,  a 
shepherd's  hut. 

stagiio,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fstag- 
no-],  I.  v.  n.,  stagnate.  —  staj;- 
naiis,  -antls,  p.  as  adj.,  stagnant, 
standing  in  pools,  standing. 

stagnum,  -I,  [  ?,  unc.  root  -f  num,  n. 
of  -nus,  cf.  magnus],  n.,  a  pool, 
a  pond,  standing  water,  a  cistern 
(open, in  a  house),  a  lake,  a  stream 
(flowing  slowly),  deep  -waters,  the 
dcptlis  (of  the  sea  where  the  water 
is  still),  the  deep  water,  a  sluggish 
stream,  sluggish  waters. 

statio,  -onis,  [as  if  ^/sta+tio,  prob. 
through  intermediate  stem,  cf.  sta- 
tim],  f.,  a  standing.  —  Concretely, 
a  position,  a  situation,  a  station,  a 
stopping-place,  a  resting-place,  a 
harbor,  a  landing-place,  a  road- 
stead, a  home,  an  abode.  —  In  mili- 
tary sense,  a  post. 

stat  mi,  -ul,  -ut  n  i  n,  -uere,  [fsta- 
tu-] ,  3.  v.  a.,  set  tip,  set  in  position, 
place,  build,  found,  throw  up  (a 
mound) .  —  Esp.,  set  up  (as  an  offer- 
ing), offer.  —  In  battle  (with  loco, 
cf.  cedere  loco),  stay,  rally.  — 
Fig.,  establish,  ordain,  determine, 
resolve. 

status,  -us,  [ysta  (in  sto)  +  tus], 
m.,  {a  standing),  a  position,  a  con- 
dition, a  state. 

stella,  -ae,  [prob.  fstera-  (^/ster 
+  a)  -f  la],  f.,  a  star,  a  planet,  a 
shooting-star,  a  meteor  (prob.  not 
distinguished  as  such).  —  Less  ex- 
actly, a  constellation. 

stellans,  -antls,  [as  if  (perh.  really) 
p.  of  stello  (fr.  fstella-)],  adj., 
starry. 

stellatus,  -a,  -um,  [p.p.,  cf.  stel- 
lans], adj.,  studdi-d  with  stars, 
studded  (as  with  stars) . 

stellio,  -onis,  [fstella-  (reduced) 
-f  io],  m.,  {spotted),  a  newt,  a  liz- 
ard. 

sterllis,    -e,    [fstero-  (cf.  0"re/>e<fc, 


Vocabulary. 


261 


(-lus)J,  adj.,  barren, 
sterile,  unfruitful. 

sternax,  -acis,  [stern  (as  if  root 
of  sterno)  +  ax,  cf.  capax],  adj., 
thro-wing  its  rider  (of  a  horse), 
stum  I' ling,  floundering, 

sternO,  stravl,  stratum,  sternere, 
[y'ster,  cf.  <TTopfvw/ju~\,  3.  v.  a., 
spread  out,  lay  flat,  throw  on  the 
ground,  strew.  —  Esp.  of  violent 
overthrow,  lay  low,  lay  prostrate, 
fell,  strike  down,  bring  down,  slay, 
kill,  lay  waste,  siueep  away,  mow 
down,  overwhelm,  overthrow ;  — 
pass.,/?//,  lie  strewn  :  sternamur 
campis  (rue  may  lie  dead  on  the 
plains) ;  so,  artus  sternit  humi 
moriens  (  falls  with  his  limbs  &c.) . 
—  In  pass,  or  with  reflexive,  throw 
one's  self,  lie  down.  —  Also,  level, 
smoothe. — Fig.,  crush,  depress,  cast 
down:  mortalia  corda.  —  With 
change  of  point  of  view,  bestrew, 
cover  with,  strei.v  with.  — stratus, 
-a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  outspread, 
scattered,  slain,  strewn,  calm  (of 
the  sea).  — Neut.,  bedding,  a  bed, 
a  couch,  a  pavement:  stratum 
ostrum  (  a  purple  couch). 

Steropes,  -is,  [Gr.  ^rtpoirris'],  m., 
one  of  Vulcan's  smiths. 

Sthenelus, -I,  [Gr.  20eVeAos] ,  m. : 
I.  A  Grecian  warrior,  the  charioteer 
of  Diomede ;  2.  A  Trojan  warrior 
slain  by  Turnus.  See  also  Sthe- 
nius. 

Sthenius,  -I  (-II),  [Gr.  20eVios],  m., 
a  Rutulian  slain  by  Pallas  (some- 
times read  Stheuelus  and  Helc- 
iius). 

Stimichou  (-ontis),[Gr. prop. name 
(not  found)],  m.,  a  shepherd. 

st imiilo,  -avi,  -atum,  -arc,  [fsti- 
mulo-],  I.  v.  a.,  spur  on,  goad. — 
Fig.,  goad  to  frenzy,  stimulate,  <M- 
cite,  iirge,  incite. 

stimulus,  -I,  [fstimo-  (-y/stig,  in 
stinguo,  +  nus,  cf.  o-ny^s)  + 
lus],  m.,  a  goad,  a  spur.  —  Fig., 
an  excitement,  a  stimulus,  a  spztr 
(with  the  same  lig.  in  English)  : 
stimuli  Bacchi  (the  frenzy  of 


Bacchus) ;  stimuli  amari  {cruel 
sting). 

stipatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  stipo. 

stipes,  -itis,  (also  stips),  [fstipi- 
(^/stip+  i,  akin  to  stipo,  stips, 
cf.  <rT«i'£a>)  +  tus  or  -tis  (reduced)], 
m.,  (the  solid  trunk?),  a  trunk,  a 
tree-trunk,  a  stub  (a  tree  with  the 
branches  lopped). 

stipo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fstip- 
(cf.  stipes,  stips)],  I.  v.  a.,  cram, 
crowd,  pack :  carinis  argentum 
(sto7i',  load) .  —  Also,  accompany, 
escort,  attend  upon. —  stipatus, 
-a,  -um,  p.p.,  crowded,  dense, 
thronging;  —  escorted. 

stipula,  -ae,  [fstip-  (as  if  stipo-) 
+  la],  f.,  (a  little  trutik),  a  stalk, 
straw,  stubble  :  viridis  (the  blade, 
before  the  ear  forms). 

stlria,  -ae,  [akin  to  stilla],  f.,  an 
icicle. 

stirps,  stirpis,  [  ?,  apparently  akin 
to  stipes],  f.  and  m.,  a  stock,  a 
stem,  a  trunk,  a  root  (with  the 
stock,  cf.  radix,  root  alone),  a 
stump  :  nova  stirps  (a  new  stock, 
a  growth  for  propagation,  cf.  be- 
low).—  Fig.,  a  stock,  a  race,  a 
lineage,  a  family. — Of  individuals, 
a  scion,  the  progeny.  —  ab  stirpe, 
at  the  lower  end,  at  the  root,  by 
race,  from  the  root.  —  cum  stirpe 
(stirpibus  imis),  proverbial,  root 
andbranch. 

stlva,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  plough-handle. 

sto,  steti,  statum,  stare,  [-yfeta, 
cf.  fcrTTjytu],  I .  v.  n.,  stand  (upright) . 
—  In  descriptions  (often  with  a 
qualifying  word),  stand,  stand  by, 
stand  there,  be.  —  Less  exactly,  of 
things,  stand,  stand  erect,  standout, 
stand  firm,  be  built,  be  ;  also,(come 
and)  stand.  —  So,  fig.,  stand  fast, 
stand  firm,  rest  on,  depend  on,  re- 
main standing,  remain.  —  So  :  ra- 
tis,aud  the  like(//V,rt«<r//<>r, /<?;/</); 
lapides  (of  statues) ;  stabis  de 
marmore  (of  a  divinity) ;  stet  du- 
ra silex  {stand  carved  from  &c.,or 
literally)  ;  stat  gravis  Entellus ; 
mare  placidum  (lie)  ;  vires  so- 


262 


Vocabulary. 


lidae ;  cura  (centre  in) ;  res  Ilia ; 
spes  (rest  on)  ;  regno  incolumis 
(stand  unharmed  in  his  power) ; 
bene  stat  gratia  (gratitude  re- 
mains) ;  comae  (stand  on  end) ; 
lumina flamma  (standout}  ;  ferri 
acies ;  stetit  ante  pedes.  —  Esp. 
of  fighting  and  the  like :  acie ; 
lupiter  hac  stat  (is  on  this  side} ; 
stare  contra  (withstand,  be  op- 
posed}. —  Also,  stop,  stay,  halt,  be 
checked.  —  Of  weapons,  stand  fast, 
stick,  stay,  be  jixed.  —  Esp.,  cost. — 
Also,  be  jixed,  be  determined,  one 
is  resolved.  —  Phrases :  stare  loco, 
remain  in  position,  stand  firm  ; 
stant  causae  belli,  seeds  of  war 
are  sown;  caelum  pulvere,  the 
air  hangs  thick  with  dust. 

stomachus,  -I,  [Gr.  .ortJ/taxos],  m., 
the  stomach. 

strages,  -Is,  [-y/ster,  stra  (in 
sterno)  +  unc.  term.],  f.,  devasta- 
tion.—  Esp.  in  battle,  slaughter, 
havoc,  carnage :  confusae  stragis 
acervus(«  confused  heap  of  slain). 

stramen,  -iuis,  [  -y/ster,  stra  (in 
sterno)  +  men],  n.,  straw,  leaves 
(spread  for  bedding). 

si  rat  urn,  see  sterno. 

stratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  sterno. 

strepito,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -are, 
[fstrepito-  (p.p.  of  strepo)], 
I.  v.  n.,  make  a  noise,  clamor. 

strepitus,  -us,  [  fstrepi-  (of  strepo) 
+  tus),  m.,  a  noise,  a  din,  a  sound 
(loud  and  confused),  a  roar,  a 
busy  hum  (of  a  city),  a  murmur. 

strepo,  -ui,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [?], 
3.  v.  n.,  make  a  confused  noise, 
ring,  clash,  clang,  sound,  rattle, 
be  noisy,  resound.  —  Of  animals, 
cackle,  scream. 

strictiira,  -ae,  [^/strig  (in  strin- 
go)  +  tura,  but  cf.  pictura],  f., 
a  pressure.  —  a  wrought  bar  (or 
mass  of  iron) . 

strictus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  stringo. 

strideo,  stridi,  no  sup.,  stridere, 
[fstrido-  (  ^strid  +  us,  cf.  stri- 
dulus  and  stride)],  2.v.n.,gralei 
creak,  rattle,  roar,  hiss,  whiz, 


twang,  buzz,  hunt :  vulnus  (hiss) ; 
procella  (ho-wl). 

strido,  stridi,  no  sup.,  stridere, 
[^/strid-,  of  unc.  kin.],  3.  v.  n., 
same  senses  as  strideo. 

stridor,  -oris,  [  -y/strid  (in  strido) 
+  or],  m.,  a  harsh  noise,  a  creak- 
ing, a  grating,  a  clanking,  a  roar, 
a  'whizzing,  a  buzzing,  a  humming: 
acuunt  stridoribus  iras  (with 
noisy  hum). 

stridulus,  -a,  -um,  [fstrido- 
(whence  strideo)  +  lus],  adj., 
grating,  harsh  sounding,  whizzing. 

stringo,  strinxi,  strictum,  strln- 
gere,  [Vstrig  (cf.  or/mry*  £«)  ] » 
3.  v.  a.,  (orig.  sense  unc.,  poss. 
squeeze},  bind,  compress.  —  Esp.  of 
weapons,  bare,  draw,  unsheath.  — 
A.\so,  graze,  wound  slightly :  mag- 
no  strinxit  de  cor  pore  Turni  (cut 
away  a  bit}.  —  So,  fig.,  touch  (the 
heart)  :  ripas  (of  a  river,  wash, 
wear  away) .  —  Also,  strip,  gather, 
trim,  cut  away. 

Stropnades,  -um,  [Gr.  2rpo<^a5ej], 
f.  plur.,  two  islands  off  the  Ionian 
Sea  south  of  Zacynthus.  To  these 
islands  the  sons  of  Boreas  pursued 
the  Harpies. 

structus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  struo. 

struo,  struxi,  structum,  stru- 
ere,  [-y/stru,  remotely  akin  to 
sterno],  3.  v.  a.,  pile,  heap  up.  — 
Hence,  build,  erect,  raise.  —  Also, 
dispose,  arrange,  prepare  :  penum 
(set  forth).  —  Esp.  of  war,  draw 
out,  array.  —  Fig.,  arrange,  plot, 
design,  purpose,  aim  at,  accom- 
plish. —  With  changed  point  of 
view,  heap  up  with  :  altaria  do- 
nis  (pile,  load). 

Strymon,  -on is,  [Gr.  ~S,rpvfn<av~\,  m., 
a  river  of  Macedonia,  near  Thrace, 
famous  for  its  cranes. 

Strymonius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  'S.rpv- 
ftovios'],  adj.,  of  the  Strymon,  Slry- 
monian. 

Strymonius,  -i,  [same  word  as  pre- 
ceding], m.,  a  Trojan. 

stud  in  in,  -i,  (-ii),  [?,  y^ux!  (in 
studeo)  +  ium],  n.,  zeal,  eager- 


Vocabulary. 


263 


ness,  diligence,  care,  earnestness, 
interest,  desire,  a  favorite  pursuit, 
a  pursuit,  a  taste,  fondness,  curi- 
osity (desire  to  see),  an  employ- 
ment. — Also  (in  reference  to  some 
object),  party  spirit,  favor,  enthu- 
siasm (for  one  side  or  the  other), 
applause  (expression  of  interest)  : 
studia  contraria  (different  par- 
ties'). 

stultus,  -a,  -uin,  [y'stol  (in  sto- 
lidus,  of  unc.  kin.)  -f  tus],  adj., 
foolish.  —  Masc.  as  subst.,  a  sim- 
pleton, a  blockhead. 

stupa,  see^stuppa. 

stupefacio,  -feel,  -factuin,  -fa- 
cere,  [fstupe  (akin  to  stupeo) 
-facio,  cf .  labefacio] ,  3-v.  a.,  stun, 
daze,  stupefy,  astonish,  overwhelm 
(with  surprise). 

stupefactus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  stu- 
pefacio. 

stupeo,  -ul,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [fstupo- 
(  y/stup  +us,  akin  to  stipes,  etc.), 
cf.  ffrinros,  stupidus],  2.  v.  n.,  be 
amazed,  be  dazzled,  be  dazed,  be 
thunderstruck,  be  astonished,  be 
charmed,  marvel,  wonder,  gaze 
with  wonder. -laic,  stupet  attonitus 
rostris  (is  dazzled  and  amazed) ; 
stupet  in  Turno  (look  with  amaze- 
ment upon*). 

stupor,  -oris,  [  y/stup  (in  stupeo) 
+  or],  m.,  amazement.  —  Also, 
dullness,  deadness. 

stuppa  (stnp-),  -ae,  [Gr.  O-TI/TTTTTJ], 
f.,  tow,  hemp. 

stuppeus,  -a,  -uin,  [fstuppa-  (re- 
duced) +  eus],  adj.,  of  tow,  hemp- 
en :  flamma  (burning  tow,  used 
as  a  means  of  warfare) . 

Stygius,  -a,  -uni,  [Gr.  2Viryios], 
adj.,  of  the  Styx,  Stygian.  —  Also, 
of  the  Lower  world,  of  /fades  : 
luppiter,  rex  (Pluto) ;  vi  sopo- 
ratum  Stygia  (from  the  world 
below) . 

Styx,  -ygis,  [Gr.  2-ri^],  f.,  the 
river  that  surrounded  the  world 
below.  —  Less  exactly,  the  world 
below,  Hades. 

suadeo,  suasi,  suasum,  suadere, 


[fsuado-  (  v  suad  +  us,  cf.  male- 
suada),  akin  to  TJSo/toi],  2.  v.  n. 
and  a.,  advise,  counsel,  persuade, 
invite,  suggest,  prompt,  impel :  tibi 
haec  litora  Delius  (warned  you 
to  seek*). 

siiudiis,  see  malesuada. 

suit  vis,  -e,  [  ^/suad  (in  suadeo)  + 
us,  with  added  i,  cf.  in  gravis, 
cf.  r)$vs,  Sk.  svadu],  adj.,  sweet, 
fragrant.  —  Neut.  as  adv.,  s^oeetly. 

sub  (old  subs,  cf.  obs  and  sus- 
pendo),  [mutilated  case-form,  cf. 
super,  akin  to  {nt6~\,  prep,  with 
abl.,  underneath,  below,  under,  be- 
neath. —  In  various  connections 
where  the  English  conception  is 
different,  near  (a  high  object),  close 
to,  just  at,  just  behind,  in  (a  low- 
er place  or  of  light  and  night  con- 
ceived as  above) ;  hence,  during, 
on  (a  particular  night),  in  (an 
army,  under  arms),  under  the  pro- 
tection of,  at  (of  the  breast)  :  sub 
falsa  prodjtione  (under  a  false 
charge  of  treason)  ;  sub  sole  (in 
the  sunlight,  under  the  light  of  the 
sun) ;  sub  arina  (in  arms,  under 
arms*).  —  With  ace.  in  same  senses, 
also  to  the  position  indicated  by 
the  prep.,  under,  beneath,  down, 
towards,  up  to  (up  under),  about  : 
sub  haec  (upon  this,  in  reply*); 
subora  (before  the  face,  cf.  "  under 
the  eyes ") ;  sub  auras  (to  the 
light  of  day,  up,  forth*)  ;  sub  noc- 
tem  (towards  night*).  —  In  comp., 
as  adv.,  under,  also  up  (cf.  sub 
auras),  in  the  place  of  (coming  up 
to  take  a  place),  slightly  (not  the 
highest  degree),  by  stealth,  towards, 
after. 

subactus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  subigo. 

siihdit  us,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  subdo. 

subdo,  -didi,  -ditum,  -dere,  [sub- 
do,  puf\,  3.  v.  a.,  put  under,  put 
!>cnealh,  thrust  down,  apply  :  sub- 
dita  flamma  (kindled  in,  pene- 
trating to*) . 

subducu,  -daxi,  -ductum,  du- 
cere,  [sub-duco],  3.  v.  a.,  draw 
up  :  naves  (beach,  technical) .  — 


264 


Vocabulary. 


Also,  take  from  under,  take  away, 
withdraw,  rescue.  —  Also,  steal, 
deprive  one  of  (changing  the  con- 
struction).—  Also  (cf.  sub)  :  sub- 
ducere  se  colles  (slope  down,  draw 
themselves  down) ;  subducta  unda 
(slipping from  beneath) . 

subductus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  sub- 
dueo. 

subeo,  -Ivi  (-11),  -itum,  -Ire,  [sub- 
eo],  irr.  v.  n.  and  a.,  go  under,  go 
beneath,  take  up,  support,  bear  ; 
fig.,  undergo.  —  Also  (lit.  and  fig.), 
come  up,  spring  up,  come  forth, 
succeed,  take  the  place  of,  come  af- 
ter, come  next,  follow,  go  near,  go 
by,  approach,  enter,  come  to,  come, 
come  upon,  come  to  one's  aid :  su- 
bibat  nox  (was  climbing);  mu- 
cronem  (meet,  fall  upon).  —  Fig., 
occur,  come  to  one's  mind,  suggest 
itself:  subit  ira  (the  angry  desire 
comes  over  &c.,  anger  prompts  &c.) . 
—  subitus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  as  adj., 
(coming stealthily),  sudden,  unex- 
pected.— Abl.  subito,  as  adv.,  sud- 
denly, unexpectedly,  of  a  sudden, 
all  at  once. 

suber,  -eris,  [?],  n.,  a  cork-tree. — 
Less  exactly,  cork. 

subfcro,  see  suffero. 

subioio(subiicio),-iecl,-iectum, 
-icere,  [sub-iacio],  3.  v.  a.,  throw 
under,  place  under,  place  beneath, 
put  under  ;  — hence,  set  (of  fire), 
kindle :  caudam  utero  (hang  his 
tail,  of  a  dog) ;  cui  rubor  ignem 
(spread  like  fire  in  her  cheeks') .  — 
Also,  throw  up  :  se  alnus  (spring 
up) ;  corpora  saltu  in  equos 
(spring  upon) .  —  Also,  throw  in  : 
pauca  furenti  (throw  in  a  few 
words  amid  her  ravings}.  —  sub- 
iectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  lying 
beneath,  —  rising,  shooting  up.  — 
Masc.  plur.,  subjects,  the  conquered. 

siibiecto,  -avi,  -at  um,  -are,  [sub- 
iacto,  cf.  subicio],  i.  v.  a.,  throw 
up,  cast  up. 

subiectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  siib- 
leio. 

subig8,-egi,  -actum,  -igerc,[sub- 


ago],  3.  v.  a.,  (force  up  or  under), 
impel,  shove.  —  Also,  subdue,  bring 
under  cultivation,  till;  —  compel, 
force,  constrain.  —  Esp. :  in  cote 
secures  (sharpen,  work  down)  : 
scrobes  subactae  (sunken,  dug 
down) . 

subito,  see  subeo. 

subitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  subeo. 

subi mid  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  sub- 
iungo.^ 

subiungo,-iunxi,  -iunctum,-iun- 
gere,  [sub-iungo],  3.  v.  a.,  yoke. 

—  Less  exactly,  attach  ;  —  hence, 
adorn,   furnish.  —  Also,    subdue, 
control,  subject. 

sublabor,  -lapsus,  -lain,  [sub- 
labor],  3.  v.  dep.,  fall  dffwn,  fall 
back,  fail,  deteriorate.  —  Also  (cf. 
sub),  glide  stealthily,  creep  on, 
slip  away  (of  time). 

sublapsus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  sub- 
labor. 

sublatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  suffero. 

sublego,  -legl,  -lectuin,  -legere, 
[sub-lego],  3.  v.  a.,  pick  up  by 
stealth,  catch  (secretly). 

sublevo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [sub- 
levo],  I.  v.  a.,  raise  up,  lift  up. 

subligo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [sub- 
ligo],  I.  v.  a.,  bind  beneath,  bind 
on,  fit  on  (of  a  shield). 

sublime  [abl.  of  sublimus,  collat. 
with  siibiimis  ],  adv.,  on  high, 
aloft,  borne  aloft. 

subllmen  [sub-limen],  adv.,  read 
by  many  for  sublime,  siiblimis, 
which  see  (Geor.  i.  242). 

siiblimis,  -e,  [sub-limis  (akin  to 
limrii,  wh.  see)],  adj.,  high,  lofty. 

—  Esp.,  raised  high,  borne  aloft, 
on    high,    mounted.  —  Fig.,   dale, 
exultant.  —  Often  like  most  adjec- 
tives in  adv.  sense. 

sublueeo,  no  perf.  no  sup.,  -ere, 
[sub-luceo],  2.  v.  n.,  shine  dimly, 
glimmer, 

siiblustris,  -e,  [sub-lustris  (unc. 
stein  akin  to  lux  +  tris),  cf.  in- 
lustris],  adj.,  dim,  glimmering, 
dimly-lighted. 

subinergo(9umm-),-mer8l,-mei> 


Vocabtdary. 


>65 


sum,  -mergere,  [sub-mergo], 
3.  v.  a.,  drown,  ovmoJiftnt,  sink  : 
submersae  puppes  (foundered). 

submersus  (summ-),  -a,  -um,  p.p. 
of  submerge. 

submissus  (summ-), -a,  -um,  p.p. 
of  submitto. 

submitto  (summ-),  -misl,  -mis- 
sum,  -mittere,  [sub-mitto],  3. 
v.  a.,  (send  under),  put  under,  let 
down  :  submissi  petimus  terram 
(on  our  knees).  —  Fig.,  subdue, 
repress,  subject:  animos  amori 
(sacrifice). — Technical  (in  breed- 
ing), grmv  up,  raise,  keep. 

submotus  (summ-),  -a,  -um,  p.p. 
of  submoveo. 

submoveo  (summ-),  -movf,  -mo- 
tuiii,  -movere,  [sub-moveo],  2. 
v.  a.,  raise  up,  raise  high.  — Also, 
move  away,  remove,  clear  away  : 
si  quern  tellus,  etc.  (keep  afar) ; 
submota  spelunca  (hollowed  out, 
with  the  inside  cleared  away). 

subnecto,  -nexul,  -nexum,  -nec- 
tere,  [sub-necto],  3.  v.  a.,  bind 
beneath,  tie  beneath,  bind  under, 
bind  around,  fasten,  bind,  confine  : 
mentum  mitra  crinemque  sub- 
nexus  (binding  under  his  chin 
and  confining  his  locks'). 

subnexus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  sub- 
necto. 

subnixus,  -a,  -um,  [sub-nixus], 
adj.,  supported  by,  resting  on. 

suboles  (sob-),  -is,  [sub-foles,  cf. 
indoles],  f.,  (succeeding  genera- 
tion, in  place  of  the  old),  a  new 
race,  a  new  stock,  offspring,  prog- 
eny, increase  (of  flocks),  a  stock, 
a  breed,  a  child,  an  infant. 

subremigo  (surr-),  no  perf.,  no 
sup.,  -are,  [sub-remigo],  i.v.  n., 
ro^o  quietly  along. 

subrideo  (surr-),  -risl,  no  sup., 
-ridere,[sub-rideo],2.v.  n.,smile. 

subrigo  (surr-),  see  surgo. 

subsidium,  -I  (-il),  [fsubsid6-(or 
fsubsid)  -fium,  cf.  praesidiuiu], 
n.,  (sitting  in  reserve},  a  reserve. 
—  Hence,  reinforcement,  a  rein- 
forcement, aid,  assistance. 


subsido,  -sedl,  -sessum,  -sidere, 

[sub-sido],  3.  v.  n.  and  a.,  sink 
dnvn,  crouch  down.  —  Of  things, 
sink,  settle  :  Teucri  (be  absorbed, 
be  lost) ;  Acestes  galea  (remain 
at  the  bottom). —  Fig.,  subside, 
abate :  undae.  —  Act.,  lie  in  wait 
for,  waylay. 

subsisto,  -stiti,  no  sup.,  -sistere, 
[sub-sisto],  3.  v.  a.,  stop  behind, 
stay  behind,  stop,  halt,  stand  still, 
resist,  hold  out,  stand  fast,  stand 
in  reserve  :  aper  (stand  at  bay)  ; 
Tibris  (stay  /its  course) . 

subsum,no  perf.,-esse,  [sub-sum], 
irr.  v.  n.,  be  under,  be  behind,  un- 
derlie :  suberunt  vestigia  frau- 
dis  (there  will  remain  some  lurk- 
ing traces,  &c.)  ;  subest  solo 
natura  (there  is  a  secret  power  in 
the  soil). 

subtemen,  -inis,  [subtex  (as  if 
root  of  subtexo)  +  men],  n.,  the 
woof,  the  filling,  thread. 

subter[sub  +  ter  (cf.  inter)],  adv., 
beneath,  below,  underneath. — Prep, 
(with  ace.  or  abl.),  under,  beneath. 

subterlabor,  -lapsus,  -lain,  (or 
separate),  [subter-labor],  3.  v. 
dep.,  £#</«.•  beneath,  floru  under, flo-M 
below. 

subtexO,  -texui,  -textum,  -texe- 
re,  [sub-texo],  3.  v.  a.,  weave  un- 
derneath.—  With  change  of  point 
of  view,  (iinderweave),  line,  cover 
'with  a  veil,  veil. 

subtraho,  -traxi,  -tractum,  -tra- 
here,  [sub-traho],  3.  v.  a.,  with- 
draw :  subtrahitur  solum  (the 
sea  fties  behind  them). 

subulcus,  -I,  [akin  to  sus,  cf.  bu- 
bulcus],  m.,  a  swineherd. 

suburgeo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -urge- 
re,  [sub-urgeo],  2.  v.  a..,  force  up 
to,  force_  towards,  drive  close  to. 

subvecto,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [sub- 
vecto,  cf.  subveho],  i.v.a.,  carry 
up,  bring  up. — Less  exactly,  trans- 
port, ferry  over  (by  a  regular  con- 
veyance) . 

subvectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  sub- 
veho. 


266 


Vocabulary. 


subveho,  -vexi,  -vectum,  -ve- 
here,  [sub-veho],  3.  v.  a.,  carry 
up,  bring  up.  —  Pass.,  be  borne 
up,  ride  up,  sail  up :  nox  bigis 
subvecta  (driving  her  two-Jwrse 
chariot}. 

subvenio,  -veni,  -ventum,  -ve- 
nire, [sub-venio],  4.  v.  n.,  come 
to  one's  relief  (cf.  subsidium), 
aid,  help,  relieve. 

subvolvo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -vol- 
vere,  [sub-volvo],  3.  v.  a.,  roll  up. 

succedo,  -cessi,  -cessum,  -ce- 
dere,  [sub-cedo],  3.  v.  n.  and  a., 
go  beneath,  pass  beneath,  go  down, 
come  under,  enter  (beneath) .  — 
Also,  go  under  (a  burden),  take 
up,  bear,  draw  (of  a  chariot  drawn 
by  a  yoke).  —  Also,  go  up,  come 
up,  go  aloft  to,  rise  to  :  hue  succe- 
dunt  (go  to  the  top  of  this}. — Also, 
go  to,  come  to,  repair  to,  go  into, 
approach,  enter  (into),  reach. — 
Also,  come  up  (instead  of),  take 
the  place  of,  succeed  (to),  take  up 
(in  place  of  another),  go  instead 
of,  come  in  (after  something  else) : 
succedunt  illi  servant  qui  vices 
(come  up,  in  place  of  the  others)  ; 
cura  patrum  cadere  et  succe- 
dere  matrum  (take  its  place} ;  pro 
me  hostili  succedere  dextrae 
(expose  himself  for  me,  &c.). — 
Also,  prosper,  succeed. 

succendo,  -ccndi,  -censum,  -cen- 
dere,  [sub-fcando,  cf.incendo], 
3.  v.  a.,  set  onjire  beneath.  —  Fig., 
fire,  inflame. 

succensus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  suc- 
cendo. 

successus,  -us,  [sub-cessus,  cf. 
incessus  and  succedo],  m.,  ad- 
vance, career.  —  Also,  success. 

succido,  -cidl,  no  sup.,  -cidere, 
[sub-cado],  3.  v.  n.,  fall  down, 
sink,  sink  down. 

succido,  -cidi,  -cisum,  -cldere, 
[sub-caedo],  3.  v.  a.,  cut  beneath  : 
succiso  poplite  (cutting  the  liam- 
st rings,  back  of  the  knee)  ;  succi- 
sus  flos  aratro  (cut  off  at  the  root} . 


succinctus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  suc- 
cingo^ 

succingo,  -cinxi,  -cinctuiii,  -cin- 
gere,  [sub-cingo],  3.  v.  a.,  bind 
under,  gird  about.  — Also  of  things 
put  on  by  girding,  clothe,  surround, 
equip.  —  Poetically,  of  Scylla :  suc- 
cinctalatrantibus  monstris  (girt 
about) . 

succisus,  ja,  -um,  p.p.  of  succido. 

succumbo,  -cubni,  -cubitum, 
-cumbere,  [sub-cumbo],  3.  v.  n., 
fall  under.  —  Fig.,  yield  to,  give 
way  to.^ 

succurro,  -curri,  -cursum,  -cur- 
rere,  [sub-curro],  3.  v.  n.,  run 
to  aid  (cf.  subsidium),  come  to 
the  rescue  of,  go  to  save,  rescue, 
save,  help,  relieve,  succor.  —  Alsi  >, 
occur  (to  one's  mind)  :  succurrit 
pulchrum  mori  in  armis  (the 
thought  occurs  to  me,  &c.). 

Sucro,  -onis,  [?],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 

sums  (succus),  -i,  [ -^suc  (sug?) 
+  us,  cf.  sugo],  m.,  juice,  vital 
moisture,  sap. —  Less  exactly,  juice 
(as  cause  of  flavor),  flavor.  —  Fig., 
strength,  vigor. 

fsudis,  -is,  [  ?] ,  f.,  a  slake. 

sudo,  -sivi,  -atum,  -are,  [-^sud 
(prob.  through  adj. -stem  fsudo-), 
akin  to  75os,  ISpc&s,  Eng.  siveaf], 
i.  v.  n.  and  a.,  sweat :  aera  (con- 
ceived as  sweating). — Less  ex- 
actly, distil,  flo-M  with,  be  wet  with. 
—  Also,  exude  from.  —  Fig.,  reek 
with :  sanguine. 

sudor,  -oris,  [-v/sracl  (in  sudo)  + 
or],  m.,  sweat,  perspiration. — 
Also,  toil. 

sud us,  -a,  -nm,  [prob.  se-udus], 
adj.,  dry,  clear,  fair :  per  sudum 
(in  fair  weather). 

suesco,  suevl,  suetum,  suescere, 
[fsue-  (of  sueo)  +  sco],  3.  v.  n. 
and  a.,  be  wont,  be  accustomed,  be 
used.  —  suetus,  -a,  -um,  p.p., 
accustomed,  used,  wont. 

suetus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  suesco. 

suffectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  sudleio. 

suffcro,  sustuli,  sublatum,  suf- 
ferre,  [sub  (subs)  -fero],  irr.  v.  a., 


V^ocabulary. 


267 


bear  up.  —  Fig.,  -withstand,  hold 
out,  resist.  —  In  other  senses  the 
perf.  tenses  and  p.p.  are  referred 
to  tollo,  to  which  their  simple 
forms  belong. 

sullicid,  -feel,  -fectum,  -ficere, 
[sub-facio],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  dip 
in,  dye. — Also:  suffectus  san- 
guine et  igne  (suffused  &c.,  blood- 
shot and  fiery) .  —  Also,  substitute, 
produce  in  place  of  another,  supply 
(one  after  another),  choose  (anew)  : 
ipsae  regera  (of  bees,  choose  kings 
in  succession). — -Hence,  supply 
(from  time  to  time),  yield,  afford, 
furnish,  produce.  —  Intrans.,  (sup- 
ply itself},  be  sufficient,  suffice,  be 
adequate,  hold  out,  be  able. 

sullio,  -ivi  (-ii),  -itum,  -Ire,  [sub- 
fio,  lost  verb  akin  to  fumus], 
4.  v.  a.,  fumigate. 

suffodio,  -f  odi,  -fossuin,  -fodere, 
[sub-fodio],  3.  v.  a.,  slab  beneath, 
stab  (from  beneath)  :  suffosso 
equo  (some  read  suffuso). 

suftbssus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  suffodio. 

suffuiulo,  -fudi,  -fusum,  -fuii- 
dere,  [suMldfcdo],  3.  v.  a.,  pour 
in  or  on  (supply  by  pouring) .  — 
Fig.,  spread  over,  diffiise. — suf- 
fiisiis,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  (cf.  spargo), 
suffused,  filled,  overflowing. 

suffusus, -a, -um,  p.p.  of  suffundo. 

suggero  (sub-)>  -gessi,  -gestum, 
-gerere,  [sub-gero],  3.  v.  a..,place 
nnticr,  heap  beneath.  —  Also,  fur- 
nish (cf.  sufflcio),  supply,  supply 
one  u'ith  (changing  construction). 

sui,  gen.  (nom.  wanting),  [pron. 
A/sva],  reflex,  pron.  3d  pers.,  re- 
ferring to  the  subject,  himself,  her- 
self, itself,  themselves  ;  —  also  re- 
ciprocal, one  another,  each  other, 
one  the  other.  —  Often  translated  in 
Eng.  by  a  pers.  pron.,  unless  con- 
nected immediately  with  a  verb, 
him,  her,  it,  them :  silvas  invol- 
vens  secum  (rolling  in  woods 
with  it}  ;  Teucrqs  ad  sese  voca- 
vit  (called to  hi ni)  ;  inter  se  (with, 
from,  l>v,  &c.,  each  other} .  — -  Often 
lost  in  Eng.  (the  corresponding 


verb  being  intrans.),  or  absorbed 
in  another  phrase.  —  Often  in 
subordinate  clauses  referring  to 
the  main  subject,  but  it  may  also 
refer  to  the  subordinate  subject, 
whence  it  is  sometimes  ambiguous. 

—  Often    referring    to    an    active 
agent  not  the  grammatical  subject. 

—  Reduplicated, sese,  without  dif- 
ference of  meaning. 

sulco,  -avi,  at  um,  -are,  [fsulco-], 
i .  v.  a.,  plough. — Poetically,  plough 
(the  sea). 

sulcus,  -I,  [akin  to  o\K6s,  e\K<a], 
in.,  a  furrow.  —  Less  exactly,  a 
trench,  a  r0w(where  the  vines  were 
originally  planted  in  a  furrow),  a 
train  (of  a  meteor) .  —  Also,  of  the 
path  of  a  vessel,  where  the  same 
figure  may  be  kept;  — also,  fig.  of 
generation. 

Sul mo,  -onis,  [a  town  in  Italy], 
m.,  a  Rutulian. 

sulphur  (sulf-),  -uris,  [?],  n.,  sul- 
phur. 

sulphurous  (sulf-),-a,-um,  [fsul- 
phur  +  eus],  adj.,  sulphurous. 

sum,  ful,  f uturus,  esse,  [  -^/es  and 
Y/bhu,  cf.  elut  and  <f>v<a],  irr.  v.  n., 
be,  exist,  live.  —  Also,  happen,  take 
place,  there  is,  &c. :  erunt  altera 
bella ;  forte  fait  tumulus. — Esp., 
in  perf.  tenses,  has  been  (is  no 
more,  is  past}  :  sed  fortuna  fuit. 

—  Less  definitely,  be  (in  a  place)  : 
hinc   adeo  media  est  via  (just 
here  is  the  middle  of  our  way).  — 
Esp.  with  indef.  subj.  followed  by 
a  relative,  there  are  those  who,  &c. : 
semper   erunt   quarurn   mutari 
corpora  malis.  —  So  :   est  quod, 
there  is  reason  why,  one  has  reason 
to.  —  With  dat.,  there  is  with  one, 
there  is  on  one's  part,  there  is  for 
one,  one  has.  —  Esp. :    esto,  be  it  so 
(expression  of  assent),  what  then. 

—  Impers.,  it  is  possible,   it  is  al- 
lowed, one  can,  one  may.  —  Fading 
away  to  a  mere  copula,  be.  —  So 
with  nouns,  adjectives,  adverbs,  and 
phrases.  —  Esp.,  with  yen.,  be,  re- 
quire, cost,  belong  to,  be  the  part  of, 


268 


Vocabulary. 


be  the  duty  of. — With  clat.,  be,  cause, 
work,  bring:  mox  erat  hocipsum 
exitio  {was  their  destruction). — 
Also,  in  inf.,  by  a  Greek  usage,  to 
be,  as ;  esse  dederat  monumen- 
tum  sui.  —  f  mit ,  old  subjunctive 
instead  of  sit. — forem,etc.,equiv- 
alejt  to  essem. — fore,  equivalent 
to  futurus,  etc.,  essc. — futurus, 
-a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  future,  com- 
ing.—  Neut.,  the  future. 

summ-,  in  words  compounded  with 
sub,  see  subin-. 

summu,  -ae,  [f.  of  suiiimiis,  see 
superus],  f.,  the  main  thing,  the 
chief  point,  the  conclusion  of  the 
whole,  the  main  point :  belli  (the 
issue,  the  chief  command) ;  haec 
summa  est  (the  substance  of  the 
•whole). 

smiimus,  -a,  -inn,  superl.  of  su- 
perus. 

sumo,  suinpsi,  suinptiiin,  su- 
mere,  [sub-emo,  take],  3.  v.  a., 
take,  take  up,  bear,  put  on,  wear. 
—  Fig.,  take  on,  assume,  take  up, 
adopt.  —  Esp.  with  words  of  pun- 
ishment (cf.  poena),  exact  (the 
penalty),  inflict,  satisfy '(the  debt  of 
vengeance  due)  :  poenas  inimico 
a  sanguine  sumit  (satisfy  with 
hostile  blood  the  vengeance  due,  as  if 
the  blood  were  taken  in  payment). 

sumptus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  sumo. 

suo,  sui,  sutum,  suere,  [  ^/sn,  cf. 
Kaffffvw,  Eng.  sew'],  3.  v.  a.,  sew, 
stitch,  stitch  together.  —  Neut.  plur. 
of  p.p.,  suta,  -orum,  a  corslet, 
a  breastplate  (orig.  made  by  stitch- 
ing)- 

supellex,  supcllcctilis,  [probably 
super-flectis  (akin  to  lego)  and 
fsupellecti  +  lis],  f.,  household 
furniture,  furniture.  —  Also,  im- 
plements (of  farming),  utensils. 

super  [mutilated  case-form  of  su- 
perus, cf.  vTtfp],  adv.  and  prep. 
Adv.,  above,  over,  over  all,  upon 
or  above  (something  expressed  in 
the  context),  on  the  top.  —  Also, 
over  and  above,  remaining,  left, 
besides,  further,  furthermore,  and 


then  (in  addition  to  something 
done). — A\so,from  above.  —  As  if 
connected  with  verbs  in  half-com- 
position (sometimes  considered  as 
compounded  and  sometimes  not). 

—  Prep,  (with  ace.),  upon  (oftener 
of  motion   to,  real   or  conceived, 
cf.  in),  on  the  top  of,  above,  over  : 
quos  super   (over  whose  heads). 
— Also,  more  than,  besides,  beyond : 
super  omnia  (above  all,  especial- 
ly) ;     (with    abl.),   on,    upon   (of 
rest).  —  Also,  on  (fig.),  concern- 
ing, about,  for  (he  sake  of,  for,  in 
regard  to,   as   to.  —  Also  :    nocte 
super  media  {about'). 

superadditus,  see  super. 

superaddo,  see  super. 

superadsto,  -stiti,  no  sup.,  -stare, 
[super-adsto] ,  i .  v.  a.,  light  upon. 

superbia,  -ae,  [fsuperbo-  (re- 
duced) +  la],  L,  pride,  arrogance, 
insolence,  lawlessness,  wantonness. 

superbus,  -a,  -um,  [super  (as 
stem)  +  bus,  cf.  niorbus  and  fart p- 
)3tos],  adj.,  overweening,  overbear- 
ing, proud,  haughty,  arrogant,  in- 
solent, wanton,  lawless :  gentes 
{fierce,  lawless) ;  nece  spoliisque 
superbus  {exultant,  /lushed)  ; 
bello  superbus  (as  much  as  fero- 
cious, unrestrained  by  the  rights  of 
others). — Also, of  things  connect- 
ed with  persons,  as  in  Eng. :  verba 
(arrogant)  ;  vox  (insolent,  taunt- 
ing) ;  fastidia ;  lussa ;  animi ; 
bellum  (as  much  as  unprovoked); 
rates.  —  Transferred,  of  things  to 
be  proud  of,  proud,  splendid,  mag- 
nificent, superb,  glorious,  ;/<>/>/<•, 
high,  lofty,  stately  :  genus ;  con- 
iugium  {high  alliance)  ;  postes. 
The  last  two  divisions  constantly 
run  into  each  other,  as  is  the  case 
with  all  transferred  adjectives,  cf. 
auro  spoliisque  postes;  fores 
superbae  {the  doors  of  the  n <>!>!••. 
and  at  the  same  time  noble  doors). 

—  Also,  in  a  good  sense,  proud, 
lofty,  high-minded :  anima  Bruti. 

—  Of  a  horse:    superbi  gressus 
{proud,  high-stepping) . 


Vocabulary, 


269 


supereilium,  -f  (-ii),  [super-fci- 
lium  (over  the  eyelids}],  n.,  the 
eyebrow.  —  Transferred,  a  brow  (of 
a  hill). 

superemineo,  no  perf.,  no  sup., 
-ere,  [super-emineo],  2.  v.  a., 
tower  above,  rise  above. 

superiacio,  -ieci,  -iectum,  -lace- 
re,  [super-iacio],  3.  v.  a.,  throw 
over. — By  change  of  point  of  view, 
cover:  scopulos  unda  (drench). 

superimmineo,  no  perf.,  no  sup., 
-ere,  [super-immineo],  2.  v.  n., 
overhang,  stand  high  above :  pas- 
torem  ense  sequens  (lean  threat- 
eningly over). 

superimpono,  see  super. 

siiperinic'io,  see  super. 

superintono,  no  perf.,  no  sup., 
-are,  [super-intono,  but  see  su- 
per], i.v.  n.,  rattle  above  :  ingens 
clipeum  (fall  crashing  above,  of 
a  falling  warrior).  The  passage, 
,Fn.  ix.  709,  is  sometimes  other- 
wise explained. 

superng  [abl.  of  supernus,  cf.  in- 
ferne],  adv.,  from  above,  above, 
in  tlic  world  above  (on  earth). 

supero,  -avi,  -atniii,  -are,  [fsu- 
pero-J,  i.  v.  a.  and  n.  Intrans., 
rise  above,  be  above,  go  over. —  Fig., 
surpass,  be  lofty,  be  elated :  supe- 
rans  animis;  super  ante  forma. 
—  Also,  be  over  and  above,  be  left, 
be  left  alone,  remain,  survive,  be 
safe,  be  spared :  quo  non  carior 
alter  (no  one  alive  is  more  dear, 
&c.). —  Hence,  abound,  be  in  ex- 
cess, be  abundant:  gregibus  iu- 
ventus  (is  exuberant)  ;  fetus.  — 
Act.,  rise  above,  ascend,  go  over, 
pass  beyond,  pass  :  limen  (cross)  ; 
Gyan  ( pass  by) ;  saltu  viam 
(bound  over) .  —  Fig.,  overcome, 
conquer,  vanquish,  prevail  over, 
prevail  upon,  surmount,  over- 
power, outvie.  —  Absolutely  (with 
obj.  implied),  gain  the  mastery, 
win  (of  a  race) ;  —  hence,  with 
cogn.  ace.,  gain,  win  :  locum  pri- 
orem. 

superstes,  -itis,  [super-fates  (y'sta 


-f  tis,  reduced)],  adj.,  standing  by. 

—  Also    (cf.    super),    surviving, 
alive,  a  survivor. 

superstitio,  -onis,  [super-static, 
cf.  supersto,  a  standing  by,  cf. 
superstes  (first  meaning)],  f., 
superstition,  dread.  — Transferred, 
an  object  of  dread. 

supersto,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -stare, 
[super-sto],  i.v.  n.  and  a.,  stana 
over. 

supersum,  -f  ui,  -esse,  (also  sepa- 
rate), [super-sum],  irr.  v.  n.,  (be 
over  and  above),  remain,  survive, 
still  remain,  be  left,  last,  continue  ; 

—  hence,   suffice,    be    sufficient. — 
Also,  abound,  be  in  excess :  sem- 
per   tibi    erunt    (there    will    be 
enough,  you  will  have   enough) ; 
superest  deducere   terram  (the 
earth   is  still  to  be,  &c.).  —  Esp. : 
quod    superest,    what  alone    re- 
mains, as  to  the  rest  (so  much  for 
that,  now,  &c.),  furthermore,  now. 

superus,  -a,  -uni,  [fsupo-  (wh. 
sub,  cf.  v-iro)  +  rus,  cf.  inferus], 
adj.  (mostly  plur.),  being  above, 
upper,  above,  on  high,  high  :  regna 
(of  heaven,  opposed  to  earth) ; 
orae  (the  upper  world,  opposed  to 
the  earth  beneath);  caelicolum 
rex  (high)  ;  convexa  (the  concave 
skies). —  Masc.  plur.  as  subst.,  the 
gods  above  (opposed  to  Inferi), 
Heaven,  the  world  above,  men  on 
earth  (opposed  to  Hades). —  Neut. 
plur.  as  subst.,  the  world  above, 
the  heavens,  the  sky,  Heaven. — 
Compar.superior,-oris. — Superl. 
supremus,  -a,  -urn,  [unc.  form 
of  fsupero+mus,  cf.  extremus], 
highest,  very  high,  lofty,  noble. — 
Also,  last,  extreme,  last  degree  of, 
supreme  :  salus  (last  hope  of  safe- 
ty) ;  macies  ;  lumen  (fading) ; 
ad  supremum  (to  the  end). — 
Xeut.  plur.  as  subst.,  the  last  offices, 
the  last  sad  rites,  funeral  rites.  — 
Neut.  sing,  as  subst.,  the  last  time, 
for  the  last  time  :  supremum  con- 
gemuit  (groaned his  last) . — sum- 
iiius,  -a,  -urn,  [sub  (sup)  +  mus, 


2/O 


Vocabulary. 


cf.  iinus],  highest,  the  top  of,  up- 
permost, topmost,  the  highest  part 
of,  upper,  the  surface  of,  the  end  of, 
the  head  of,  the  tip  of,  the  edge  of, 
outmost,  outer,  high,  lofty :  fasti- 
gia  rerum  {principal  points,  but 
the  Latin  keeps  the  figure,  salient 
points');  summa  tempora  (the 
forehead}  — Fig.,  highest,  supreme, 
most  important,  chief,  main,  ut- 
most, greatest,  extreme :  summa 
res  (cf.  summa,  the  main  strug- 
gle, the  welfare  of  the  state,  the 
issue  of  a  conflict)  ;  summae  res 
{momentous,  the  highest  interests, 
the  welfare)  ;  dies  {final,  supreme 
moment).  —  Neut.  sing,  and  plur., 
the  top,  the  summit. 

supervenio,  -veni,  -ventum,  -ve- 
nire, [super- venio],  4.  v.  n.,  come 
upon,  comejup,arrive,happen  Tipon. 

supervolito,  -avi,  no  sup.,  -are, 
[super- volito],  i.  v.  a.  and  \\.,fly 
over,flit^about. 

supervolo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -are, 
[super -volo],  i.  v.  a.  and  n.,  fly 
over. 

su pi  nal  us,  -a,  -inn,  p.p.  of  supino. 

s  n  pi  no,  -avi,  -atuin,  -are,  [fsu- 
pino-],  i.  v.  a.,  bend  back,  lay 
on  the  back :  supinatae  glebae 
(turned  up,  laid  over,  in  plough- 
ing)- 

supmus,  -a,  -um,  [fsupo-  (wh. 
sub  and  super,  lengthened)  + 
nus],  adj.,  laid  on  the  back,  face 
uppermost.  —  Esp.  of  the  hands, 
upturned  (in  supplication) ,  suppli- 
ant.—  Also,  sloping  (as  if  bent 
back) . 

suppleo,  -plevi,  -pletum,  -plere, 
[sub-pleo],  2.  v.  a.,  supply  (from 
time  to  time,  cf.  sub),  Jill  up, 
make  good. 

supplcx,  -plicis,  [sub-plex,  cf. 
duplex],  adj.,  (kneeling),  sup- 
pliant, as  a  suppliant,  entreating, 
on  one's  knees  (fig.),  in  supplica- 
tion, in  suppliant  guise.  —  Of 
things,  as  in  Eng.  —  Often  as  a 
subst.,  a  suppliant. 

suppliclter  [fsupplic-  (as  if  -plici-) 


+  ter,  prob.  n.  of  -terns  (reduced), 
cf.  uter],  adv.,  as  a  suppliant,  in 
suppliant  guise. 

sup  plici  n  m,  -i  (-ii),  [fsupplic-f 
ium],  n.,  (a  kneeling),  supplica- 
tion. —  Also,  punishment.  —  Less 
exactly,  a  penalty  (like  poena)  : 
dira  tegens  supplicia  {traces  of 
punishment,  wounds). 

suppono,  -posui,  -positum  (-pos- 
tnm),ponere,[sub-pono],3.v.a., 
place  beneath,  put  under,  set  (of 
fire  placed  under),  apply  (of  a 
sickle  cutting  below  the  head)  : 
cultros  {apply  to  the  throat,  the 
head  of  the  victim  being  drawn 
down). — Also  (cf.  sub),  place 
secretly,  substitute :  mater  sup- 
posita  {spurious). 

suppositus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  sup- 
pono. 

suppostus,-a,  -inn  ;  see  suppono. 

supra  [prob.  abl.  of  superus,  cf. 
extra],  adv.  and  prep.  Adv., 
above,  over,  on  the  tipper  si v 
it  {him,  them,  &c.)  :  vertice  supra 
est  {is  higher,  taller).  —  Prep., 
above,  over. — Fig.,  beyond,  superior 
to,  contrary  to  :  morem ;  modum ; 
omnia  {above  everything). 

supremus,  -a,  -um ;  see  superus. 

sura,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  the  calf  of  the  leg, 
the  ankle,  the  leg. 

sure  n  lus,  -i,  [?],  m.,  a  shoot,  a 
sprout,  a  scion :  nee  surculus  idem 
Crustumiis  Syriisque  (shoots  — 
mode  of  growth). 

surdus,  -a,  -um,  [  -^sur  {heavy  ?, 
cf.  Sk.  svaras)  -f  dus],  adj.,  ttcuf: 
surdis  non  canimus  auris  (pro- 
verbial) . 

surgo  (rarely  subrigo,  surr-), 
subrexi,  subrectum,  suri>crc, 
[sub-rego1],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.  Act., 
raise,  erect.  —  Intrans.,  raise  one's 
self,  rise,  arise  (in  most  English 
senses). — Of  heavenly  bodies. — 
Of  growth  or  increase  or  coming 
into  being,  of  the  winds,  of  rivers, 
of  sounds,  of  tall  objects,  of  waves, 
of  excitement:  animo  sententia 
{occur  to)  ;  limina  gradibus 


Vocabulary. 


271 


(stand  high) ;  oleaster  (spring 
up) ;  in  dies  Tisiphone  (come 
forth) ;  surgens  in  cornua  cer- 
vus  (with  towering  horns} ;  irae 
ductori  (J>e  aroused). 

sus,  suis,  [prob.  y'su,  produce, 
strengthened,  as  stem,  cf.  Is,  Eng. 
sow,  swine~\,  comm.,  a  swine,  a 
boar,  a  sow,  a  pig. 

susccptus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  sus- 
cipio. 

suscipio  (succ-),-cepi,  -ceptum, 
-cipere,[subs-capio],  3.  v.  a.,  take 
up,  raise  up,  catch.  —  Esp.,  bear, 
beget.  —  Fig.,  begin,  take  up. 

suscito,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [subs- 
cito],  I .  v.  a.,  shake  up,  stir  up.  — 
Less  exactly  and  fig.,  rouse,  stir, 
provoke,  awake,  instigate,  urge, 
kindle,  inflame:  caedem  (make 
havoc) ;  poenas  (reawakens  ven- 
geance quieted  by  lapse  of  time). 

suspectus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  sus- 
plclo. 

suspectus,  -us,  [subs-spectus,  cf. 
suspicio],  m.,  a  look  upward, 
height  (measured  by  the  eye  look- 
ing up),  distance  (upward). 

suspeiido,-pendi,-pensum,-pen- 
dere,  [subs-pendo],  3.  v.  a.,  hang 
up,  hang,  suspend :  votas  vestes 
(as  a  votive  offering  after  any 
great  danger)  ;  arma  (as  an  offer- 
ing) ;  ceras  (fasten  up,  of  bees 
building  from  above).  —  Less  ex- 
actly, raise,  lift:  sulco  (of  the 
earth,  plough).  —  suspensus,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.,  hung  up,  suspended, 
floating  (of  Camilla),  perched  up- 
on, hung  in  air. —  Fig.,  anxious, 
in  suspense,  in  alarm  :  multo 
suspensum  numine  (awed). 

suspensus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  sus- 
pendo. 

suspicio,  -spexi,  -spectum,  -spi- 
cere,  [subs-specio],  3.  v.  a.  and 
n.,  look  up  at,  look  up,  look  (at 
anything  high) .  —  Less  exactly, 
gaze  at,  behold,  St\-,  notice,  observe. 
—  suspoctus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as 
adj.,  suspected,  an  object  of  sus- 
picion, districted,  in  suspicion. 


susplro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [sub- 
spiro][,  I.  v.  n.,  sigh. 

sustento,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [subs- 
tentus,  cf.  sustineo],  i.  v.  a.,  hold 
up,  support :  sustentata  diu  (of 
a  ship  on  a  rock,  kept  afloat,  kept 
above  the  waves)  ;  aciem  (hold  the 
line,  maintain  the  fight).  —  Also, 
hold  out  against,  keep  in  check.  — 
Fig.,  support,  sustain,  keep  up. 

sustineo,  -tiiiui,  -tentum,  -ti- 
nere,  [subs-teneo],  2.  v.  a.  and 
n.,  hold  up,  support,  bear  up,  bear, 
carry,  hold.  —  Also,  withstand, 
keep  in  check,  keep  off,  hold  out, 
bear  a  shock. — Also,  support,  sus- 
tain, feed. 

sustuli,  see  tollo. 

susurro,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -are, 
[fsusurro-],  i.v.  n.,  hum,  buzz, 
murmur. 

susurrus,  -i,  [redupl.  root  (perh. 
from  the  sound)  +  us],  m.,  a  whis- 
per, a  murmur. 

sata,  -orum;  see  suo. 

sutilis,  -e,  [fsuto-  (of  sutus)  + 
lis],  adj.,  sewn,  sewed:  cymba 
(patched,  either  of  hides  or  papy- 
rus, bark  ca noe ?) ;  balteus (leather, 
stitched) . 

sutus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  suo. 

suus,  -a,  -um,  [pron.  -^SVA  +  YAS 
(or  -us),  cf.  Ids],  poss.  pron.  (of 
3d  pers.  reflex.) ,  his,  her,  its,  their. 
—  Often  emphatic,  his  own,  &c.  — 
Masc.  plur.,  his  &c.  friends,  fol- 
lowers,companions,  fellow-citizens, 
men,  race,  &c.  —  Neut,  his  &c. 
affairs,  properly,  interests,  &c. — 
Also  (not  necessarily  referring  to 
subject),  one's  mun,  favoring,  pro- 
pitious, favorable,  suitable,  appro- 
priate, fitting.  —  With  quisque 
(best  rendered  by  a  change  of 
construction),  every  man's,  each 
one's :  trahit  sua  quemque  vo- 
luptas  (each  one's  &c.  draws 
him). 

Sybaris,  -is,  [Gr.  2u£apis],  m.,  a 
Trojan. 

Sychaeus  (Si-),  -I,  m.,  the  husband 
of  Dido. 


272 


Vocabulary. 


Sy'maethiiis,  -a,  -um,  [fSymae- 
tho-  (reduced)  +  ius,  cf.  2u/xaj0os], 
adj.,  of  ike  Synucthus  (a  river  at 
the  east  end  of  Sicily),  Symcclhiaii. 

Syracosius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  ~S.vpa.Ko- 
o-jos],  adj.,  Syracusan,  of  Syracuse 
(the  chief  city  of  Sicily). 

Syrius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Svpios],  adj., 
of  Syria  (the  country  at  the  east- 
ern end  of  the  Mediterranean,  used 
loosely  for  all  that  region),  Syrian, 
Assyrian.  From  this  region  came 


many   fruits,   spices,  and    fragrant 
herbs  and  gums. 

Syrtis,  -is,  [Gr.  2uprjs],  f.,  Maior 
(Gulf  of  Sidra)  and  Minor  (Gulf 
of  Cabes),  the  name  of  two  shal- 
low bays  on  the  northern  coast  of 
Libya,  held  to  be  most  dangerous 
for  mariners,  prob.  on  account  of 
violent  seas  in  shallow  waters  as 
well  as  of  shifting  sands.  —  Flur., 
the  Syrtes,  used  loosely  of  the  sand- 
banks imd  bars  of  all  that  region. 


T. 


tabeo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [ftabi 
(or  -e,  in  tabes)],  2.  v.  n.,  waste 
away,  melt  away :  tabentes  artus 
{dripping,  as  if  melting  away) ;  ta- 
bentes genae  (wasted,  with  care). 

tabes,  -is,  [prob.  ^/ta  (cf.  T^KO>) 
+  bes  (or  -bis),  cf.  plebes],  f., 
a  wasting,  pining. 

tabidus,  -a,  -um,  [ftabi-  (in  ta- 
bes, cf.  tabeo)  +  dus],  adj., 
wasting. 

tabula,  -ae,  [unc.  stem  (wh.  also 
taberna)  +  la  (f.  of  -Ius)],  f.,  a 
plank,  a  board. 

tabularius,  -a,  -um,  [ftabulari- 
( tabula  +  ris)-f  us],  adj.,  (of  rec- 
ords, tabula). —  Neut.  as  subst., 
archives,  record  office,  registry. 

tabulatus,  -a,  -um,  [ftabula  + 
tus,  cf.  armatus],  adj.,  boarded, 
floored.  —  Neut.  as  subst.,  a  floor, 
a  story,  an  upper  story:  iuncturas 
tabulata  dabant  (as  one  story 
was  built  upon  another) .  —  Also, 
of  trees,  a  rmu,  a  tier,  a  layer. 

tabum,  -i,  [ta  +  bum  (n.  of  -bus), 
cf.  tabes],  n.,  matter,  moisture 
(of  putrefaction) ,  gore. — Also,  pu- 
trefaction, corruption  :  ora  tristi 
pallida  tabo ;  infecit  pabula 
tabo. 

Taburnus,  -I,  [?J,  m.,  a  mountain 
between  Samnium  and  Campania, 
south  of  the  Caudine  pass.  The 
southern  slope  of  it  was  famous  for 
its  fertility,  and  the  mountain  was 
one  of  the  great  pasture-grounds. 


taceo,  -ul,  -itum,  -ere,  [prob.  adj.- 
stem  ftaco-  of  uncertain  kin.], 
2.  v.  n.  and  a.,  be  silent,  keep  si- 
lence. —  Of  things,  be  silent,  /v 
noiseless,  be  still. — Act.,  pass  in 
silence,  leave  unsung :  tacitam  se 
prodit  (without  any  words) .  — 
lac  it  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj., 
silent.  —  Often  transferred,  silent : 
lumina  (silent  glance).  —  Often 
equal  to  adv.,  silently. —  Of  things, 
still,  noiseless,  quiet,  silent :  Amy- 
clae  (deserted").  —  Also,  secret, 
unseen,  unnoticed. — per  taciturn, 
in  silence,  quietly. 

tacitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  taceo. 

tactus,  -us,  [-v/tag  (in  tango)  + 
tus],  m.,  a  touch,  contact :  absti- 
nuit  tactu  (refused  to  touch,  the 
gates  in  the  context). 

tactus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  tango, 

taeda,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  pine  tree. — 
Less  exactly,  pine  wood,  a  pine 
torch,  a  torch.  —  Poetically  (from 
the  use  of  torches  at  weddings), 
marriage. 

taedet,  -uit,  (taesum,  pertacsum 
est),taedere,  [?],  2.v.  impers.,  it 
wearies,  it  disgusts,  one  is  weary 
(disgztsted),  one  loathes.  —  With 
the  object  of  the  feeling  in  the 
genitive  or  an  inf.  clause. 

taedium,  -I  (-11),  [ftaedo-  (wh. 
taedet  and  taedulus)  -f  ium], 
n.,  weariness,  disgust. 

Taenurlus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Taivopios], 
adj.,  of  Tuna r us  (a  promontory 


Vocabulary. 


273 


at  the  southern  extremity  of  Laco- 
nia,  with  a  cave  fabled  to  he  an 
entrance  to  the  world  below). — 
Hence,  of  Hades. 

tin- nia,  -ae,  [Gr.  ratvia],  f.,  a  rib- 
bon, a  fillet :  taenia  vittae  {the 
band  of  the  fillet,  the  material  of 
the  ornament). 

taeter  (te-),  -tra,  -trum,  [perh. 
akin  to  tacdet],  adj.,  foul,  loath- 
some, disgusting. 

taetricus,  -a,  -uni,  [ftaetro+cus], 
adj.,  (repulsive),  harsh,  fin-bid- 
ding. See  alsoTetrica. 

Tagus,  -i,  [a  river  of  Lusitania],  m., 
a  Latin  hero. 

•calaris,  -e,  [ftalo-  (reduced)  + 
aris],  adj.,  of  the  heel. — Neut. 
plur.,  the  talaria,  the  winged  san- 
dals of  Mercury. 

(a lent  ii in,  -I,  [Gr.  ra.\avrov"},  n., 
a  talent,  a  Greek  weight  varying 
from  about  sixty  to  about  one  hun- 
dred pounds.  Used  indefinitely 
for  masses  and  quantities,  as  in 
Eng.  "  tons,"  weight,  mass. 

tails,  -c,  [pron.  -y/ta  (cf.  tain,  TO) 
-f  alis],  pron.  adj.,  such  (with 
correlative  as),  in  suck  guise,  so 
(equal  to  an  adv.). —  Often  (with- 
out correlative),  of  what  follows 
or  goes  before,  such,  like  this,  this 
{that,  these,  &c.). —  Esp.  in  neut. 
plur.  talia,  like  this,  words  like 
these,  such  -words  as  these,  such 
things  as  these,  such  as  this,  thus, 
in  such  wise :  tali  ore  locutus 
{these  words).  — Or,  as  is  indicated 
by  the  context,  such,  this  {these, 
&c.),//7v  this,  in  this  guise. — Esp. 
with  emphasis,  such  as  this  &c.,  so 
great,  so  important,  thus  or  so  (with 
adj.  to  be  supplied  from  the  con- 
text) :  non  Achilles  talis  in 
hoste  fuit  {not  thus  cruel,  as 
you) ;  nunquam  animam  talem 
amities  {so  mean  a  life  as  yours). 

Talos,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 

talpa,  -ae,  [?],  f.  and  m.,  a  mole. 

talus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  the  ankle-bone, 
the  ankle. 

tain  [unc.  case-form  of  pron. 


cf.  nam],  adv.,  so,  so  much  (with 
correl.  as),  as  (demonstrative),  as 
in  nfh,  to  such  a  degree.  —  Without 
correl.,  so  (as  is  indicated  by  the 
context,  cf.  talis). — -With  com- 
paratives (and  superlatives  in  same 
sense),  the  .  .  .  the.  —  Esp.:  tarn 
.  .  .  quam,  as  well .  .  .  as,  no  less 
.  .  .  than.  —  Often  with  an  adj. 
where  in  Eng.  such  is  used  to  mod- 
ify the  whole  idea :  tarn  dira  cu- 
pido  {such  dread  desire) . 

taincn  [unc.  form.  fr.  pron.  y'ta], 
adv.  (opposed  to  a  concession), 
yet,  still,  however,  nevertheless, 
none  the  less,  after  all,  just  as  well. 
Often  the  concession  is  only  im- 
plied in  the  context. 

Tanager,  -gri,  [?],  m.,  a  river  of 
Lucania,  in  a  grazing  region. 

Tanais,  -is,  [Gr.  Total's],  m. :  I.  A 
river  of  Scythia  {the  Don) ;  2.  A 
Trojan  in  /Eneas'  expedition. 

tandem  [tam-dem,  cf.  idem],  adv. 
(orig.  sense  unc.),  at  length,  at 
last,  finally.  —  With  interrogative 
and  imperative  clauses  indicating 
impatience,  pray,  I  pray,  tell  me  : 
huc^ tandem  concede  (/  entreat) . 

tango,  tetigi,  tactum,  tangerc, 
[  -y/tag,  cf.  reTa-yci^],  3.  v.  a.,  touch, 
take  hold  of,  reach,  attain  :  dex- 
tram  {grasp) ;  cubile  eri  {share 
the  couch).  —  Hence,  have  to  do 
with,  be  involved  in.  —  Fig.,  move, 
touch,  affect,  come  home  to  one.  — 
tactns,  -a,  -um,  p.p.,  touched.  — 
Esp. :  de  caelo,  struck  by  lightning. 

tan  quam  (tarn-),  [tarn -quam], 
adv.,  as  much  as.  —  With  si,  Just 
as  if.  —  Also,  v.  ithout  si,  just  as  if, 
as  if.  —  Often  with  irony,  as  if  for- 
sooth. 

t  a  n  f  us,  -a,  -um,  [for  tavantus, 
pron.  -y/ta  +  vant  (cf.  -osus)  + 
us],  pron.  adj.,  so  great,  so  much, 
such  (in  size,  &c.,  with  correl.  as), 
^(demonstrative)  great,  suchgreat. 
—  Often  without  correl.,  so  great 
(as  is  indicated  by  the  context,  cf. 
talis),  so  much,  such,  like  this,  this 
great,  that  great :  tantae  moli? 


274 


Vocabulary. 


erat  (so  much  as  appears  in  the 
context).  —  Also,  introducing  a 
clause  almost  causal,  so  great,  &c. 
(that  it  accounts  for  the  preceding 
statement) :  obstupuere  animi 
tantorum  terga  bourn  rigebant 
(they  were  thunderstruck,  and  the 
hides  of  such  huge,  &c.,  as  those 
they  saw,  accounted  for  their  amaze- 
ment) .  —  tanto,  abl.,  with  com- 
paratives and  the  like,  so  tmich  the 
more  .  .  .  (as),  (the  more)  .  .  .  the 
more.  —  tan  t  i,  gen.,  with  sum, 
it  is  worth  the  price,  it  is  worth 
•while.  —  tantum,  ace.  as  adv.,  so 
much,  in  such  a  degree,  as  much 
.  .  .  (as),  no  more  .  .  .  (than),  thus 
far,  so  long ;  —  also,  so  much  (and 
no  more),  only,  merely. — -With 
modo,  doubling  the  words  without 
change  of  sense.  —  Neut.  assubst., 
so  much,  &c. ;  —  with  partitive  gen., 
so  much  (of,  as  adj.  in  Eng.),  so 
great  (and  similar  expressions  of 
degree  according  to  the  context). 

tapete,  -is,  (ace.  plur.  tapetas,  abl. 
tapetfs),[Gr.  TCMTTJS],  n.(andm.), 
hangings,  coverings,  drapery.  — 
Also,  housings  (of  horses). 

Tarchetius,  -I,  [?],m.,  a  Rutulian. 

Tarcho  (-on),-ontis  (-onis),  [an 
Etruscan  word],  m.,  an  Etrurian 
ally  of  ^Eneas. 

tardatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  tardo. 

tarde  [abl.  of  tardus],  adv.,  slowly: 
crescens  (slow-growing) . 

tardo, -avi,'-atum, -are,  [ftardo-], 
I.  v.  a.,  retard,  keep  back,  impede, 
hamper,  embarrass,  enfeeble,  dull, 
make  sluggish.  — tardans,  -antls, 
p.  as  adj., sluggish  (creeping slow)  : 
senectus. 

tardus,  -a,  -um,  [perh.  akin  to 
traho],  adj.,  slow,  sluggish,  tardy, 
slow-moving,  lazy,  inactive,  dull, 
impeded,  lingering,  late. 

Tarentum, -I,[Gr.Tapascorrupted], 
n.,  a  city  of  Apulia  at  the  north- 
east corner  of  the  great  gulf  which 
indents  the  southern  extremity  of 
Italy.  Its  territory  was  one  of  the 
most  fertile  districts  of  Italy. 


Tarpeins,  -a,  -um,  [fTarpa  +  ius, 
of  unc.  kin.],  adj.,  a  Roman  gen- 
tile name,  in  some  unknown  man- 
ner connected  with  the  rock  of  the 
Capitol.  —  arx,  the  Capitol  of 
Rome.  —  sedes,  the  Tarpeian  rock. 

—  Fern.  Tarpeia  :   I  .    The  maiden 
who   betrayed  the    Capitol  to  the 
Sabines;    2.   The  name  given  by 
Virgil  to  an  attendant  of  Camilla. 

Tarquinius,  -a,  -um,  [Etruscan 
word  (akin  to  Tarohon)  Latin- 
ized], adj.,  a  Roman  gentile  name. 

—  Esp.,  Tarquinius  Superbus,  Tar- 
quin,   the  last  king  of   Rome.  — 
Plur.,  the    Tar  quins,  the   dynasty 
who  were  supposed  to  have  come 
from  Tarquinii,  and  reigned  many 
years  at  Rome.    Also  as  adj.,  Tar- 
quinian. 

Tarquitus,  -I,  [akin  to  Tarqui- 
nius],  m.,  a  Latin  hero,  slain  by 


Tartareus,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Taprd- 
peios],  adj.,  of  Tartarus,  Tartare- 
an, infernal,  hellish  (as  in  Eng.). 

Tartarus,  -I,  (plur.  -a,  -orum), 
[Gr.  Tdprapos,  -a],  m.  (n.),  (a  deep 
abyss  below  the  infernal  world)  .  — 
Hence,  Tartarus,  the  abode  of 
the  damned,  the  lower  world  (gen- 
erally) . 

Tat  ins,  -I  (-11),  [an  adj.  of  unc.  kin. 
(tata?)],m.,  Titus  Tatius,  a  king 
of  the  Sabines,  with  whom  Romu- 
lus was  supposed  to  have  shared 
his  kingdom. 

taureus,  -a,  -um,  [ftauro-  (re- 
duced) +  eus],  adj.,  of  a  bull  : 
terga  ({mils'1  hides). 

lau  riii  i  is,  -a,  -um,  [ftauro-  (re- 
duced) -f  inus],  adj.,  of  a  bull: 
vultus  (bulVs  face)  .  —  Less  ex- 
actly, ofbulfs  hide,  leathern. 

taurus,  -I,  [prob.  for  STAURUS,  cf. 
ravpos,  Eng.  steer~\,m.,  a  bull.— 
Also,  a  buWs  hide.  —  Also,  the 
Bull,  Taurus  (the  constellation). 

tax  us,  -i,  [?],  f.,  a  yew  tree,  a'  yew. 

Taysote,  -es,  [Gr.  Tavyerr{],  f.,  one 
of  the  Pleiades  (used  for  the  con- 
stellation). 


Vocabulary. 


275 


Taygetus,  -I,  also  -a,  -orum,  [Gr. 
Tavyerov],  m.  and  n.,  a  mountain- 
range  of  Laconia,  noted  for  its 
hunting-grounds  and  its  baccha- 
nalian festivities. 

tectum,  see  tego. 

tectus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  tego. 

tecum,  see  tu. 

TV<?»'aeus(-eus),-a,-inn,  [borrowed 
or  imitated  fr.  Gr.  Teyta  (as  if  Te- 
7«a?os)],  adj.,  of  Tegea  (a  town  of 
Arcadia). —  Less  exactly,  Arcadi- 
an.—  Masc.  (perh.  adj.),  god  of 
Arcadia  (epithet  of  Pan,  whose  fa- 
vorite haunts  were  in  that  country) . 

tegmen(tegu-,  tegi-),-inis,[  -^teg 
(in  tego)  +  men],  n.,  a  covering, 
a  garb,  clothing,  a  defence  (means 
of  defence),  a  protection,  armor, 
a  shield.  —  Also,  shade,  a  skin 
(used  as  clothing). 

tego,  texi,  tectum, 

akin  to  (Treyai],  3.  v.  a.,  cover,  con- 
ceal, protect,  shelter,  surround ;  — 
esp.  of  escort,  surround  (attend}. 
—  Also,  clothe,  defend,  deck,  adorn, 
veil  (for  sacred  purposes) .  —  Also, 
plant,  sow,  bury  (the  dead),  close 
(the  eyes),  shut  one's  self  in. — 
Fig.,  cover,  hide,  conceal.  —  tec- 
tus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.,  covered,  con- 
cealed, hidden,  protected,  decked, 
caparisoned,  keeping  silence,  dis- 
simulating (in  mid.  sense,  conceal- 
ing one's  self} .  —  Neut.  (sing,  and 
plur.),  a  roof,  a  ceiling,  a  house,  a 
hall,  an  abode,' a  home  (of  men  or 
beasts),  a  palace,  a  hiding-place, 
battlements  (the  top  of  a  wall)  : 
acies  (covered  column,  the  tes- 
tudo). 

tegiimen,  see  tegmen. 

tela,  -ae,  [prob.  ^/tex  (in  texo)  + 
la],  f.,  a  web  (in  the  loom),  the 
warp  (perh.  the  orig.  sense),  weav- 
ing (cf.  "  the  loom  "),  a  loom:  tela 
curas  solabar  aniles  (the  loom). 

Teleboae,  -arum,  [Gr.  TrjAe/Mai], 
m.  plur.,  some  islands  on  the  Leu- 
cadian  coast,  -whence  the  settlers 
of  Capri  were  supposed  to  have 
come. 


tellus,  -uris,  [?],  f.,  the  earth. — 
Esp.,  the  soil,  land,  the  ground, 
earth  (as  material).  —  Personified, 
Earth. —  Also,  a  land,  a  region, 
a  country. 

Telon,  -onis(?),  [?],  rn.,  a  hero  of 
Capri,  father  of  CEbalus. 

telum,  -I,  [?],  n.,  a  weapon  (mis- 
sile), a  missile,  a  javelin,  a  dart, 
an  arrmv,  a  shaft.  —  Less  exactly, 
a  weapon  (of  any  kind,  the  cestus, 
the  beam  of  Ulysses  with  which  he 
bored  out  the  Cyclops'  eye). 

temeratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  temero. 

temere  [abl.  of  ftemero,  wh.  te- 
mero], adv.,  heedlessly,  carelessly, 
at  random,  in  confusion,  without 
thought,  without  design,  without 
reason.  —  non  (baud)  temere, 
not  without  a  'meaning,  no  acci- 
dent.^ 

temero,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [tte- 
mero-],  I.  v.  a.,  (treat  as  of  no 
consequence  ?),  profane,  pollute, 
desecrate. 

temiio,  perf.  and  sup.  not  found, 
temnere,  [y'tem,  cut,  cf.  Ttfivw], 
3.  v.  a.,  despise,  scorn,  defy,  treat 
with  contempt,  be  disdainful :  pars 
belli  baud  temnenda  (no  despic- 
able, no  insignificant}. 

temo,  -onis,  [perh.  akin  to  telum], 
m.,  a  pole  (of  a  chariot,  &c.),  the 
beam  (of  a  plough). 

Tempe,  indecl.,  [Gr.  n.  plur.  TS'/UTTJ], 
n.  plur.,  a  valley  in  Thessaly,  fa- 
mous for  its  beauty.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, a  charming  valley. 

tempero  ,-avi,-atum,-are,[ttem- 
per-  (of  tempus,  in  orig.  sense 
of  portion)~\,  I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  mix 
(in  due  proportion).  —  Hence, 
qualify,  temper  (change  or  dilute 
by  mixing)  :  aera  vesper  (cool); 
scatebris  arentia  arva  (refresh, 
reduce  the  parching  heat) ;  aequor 
(calm)  ;  —  so  :  iras  (appease).  — 
Also  (act  in  due  proportion),  re- 
strain one's  self,  refrain,  spare  : 
male  sibi  unda  carinis  (hardly 
suffer  the  ships  to  live,  keep  its 
hands  off  them). 


2/6 


Vocabulary. 


tempestas,  -atis,  [ftempos-  (of 
teiupus,  prob.  as  adj.)  +  tas],  f., 
a  space  of  time,  a  season.  —  Less 
exactly,  the  -weather,  weather  (at 
a  particular  moment),  state  of  the 
•weather.  —  Esp.,  bad  weather,  a 
storm,  a  tempest,  a  gale.  —  Fig. 
(as  in  Eng.),  storm,  tempest,  blast, 
shower,  hail ;  —  also,  where  the  fig. 
is  not  used  in  Eng.,  calamity,  mis- 
fortune. 

tempest!  vus,  -a,  -iim,[ttempest6- 
(cf.  intempestus)  +  ivus,  cf. 
captus,  captivus],  adj.,  season- 
able, timely,  in  its  season. 

templum,  -I,  [proh.  ftemo-  (  ^/tern, 

Cf.  Te/XI/CO  +  US)  +  him,  Cf.  TflJ.fi/3s}, 

n.,  (in  augury)  a  consecrated  spot 
(marked  off  by  the  augur's  wand), 
a  quarter  (of  the  sky),  a  space. 
—  From  consecration,  a  temple,  a 
tomb  (as  a  temple  of  the  manes). 

temptamentum  (tenta-),  -I, 
[ftempta-  (of  tempto)  +  men- 
tum],  n.,  an  attempt,  a  solicitation. 

temptt),  -a  vi,  -atmn,  -are,  [ftento- 
(of  p.p.  of  tendo)],  i.  v.  a.,  try 
(the  strength  of,  lit.  and  fig.),  at- 
tack, assail,  disturb,  trouble,  injure: 
pabula  fetas ;  oves  scabies ;  pe- 
des  (of  wine,  trip  up)  ; —  attempt, 
try  (a  thing  experimentally),  ven- 
ture on,  tempt,  solicit,  search,  ex- 
amine (try  to  see)  :  praelia  (try 
the  issue  of) ;  auxilium  (seek)  ; 
se(lry  one's  powers);  temptantum 
ora  (those  who  try  it ) ;  vestes 
(try  on,  try  to  wear) ;  animum 
precando(/ry,  test) .  —  Hence,  use, 
employ,  practise :  patrias  artes.— 
With  inf.,  try,  endeavor,  attempt. 

( cinpiis,  -oris,  [  -y/tem  (cf.  rf^vta) 
+  us],  n.,  (a  section),  a  time,  a 
point  of  lime,  an  interval,  a  season 
(of  the  year),  a  period,  a  moment, 
lime  (as  continuous).  —  Esp.,  ///<• 
time  (the  right  time),  the  best  time, 
time  (with  esse),  high  time,  an 
occasion  (as  fitting),  an  opportu- 
nity. —  Also,  the  limes,  circum- 
stances, state  (of  affairs),  <in  or- 
igency,  an  occasion  :  pro  tempore 


(for  the  occasion,  according  to 
one's  circumstances).  —  Also,  (the 
right  spot,  cf.  tempi  n  in,  ///,•  fatal 
spot,  usually  plur.),  the  temple,  the 
temples  ;  —  the  face,  the  head. 

tenax,  -acis,  [^/ten  +  ax,  cf.  ca- 
pax],adj.,  tenacious,  clinging  (to 
something), greedy, grasping:  vin- 
cla  (confining)  ;  Fama  ficti  (per- 
sistent in) . — Also,  holding  together, 
clinging  (together),  sticky,  firm  : 
flos  (persistent,  not  dropping  off). 

tendo,  tetendi,  tentum  (ten- 
sum),  tendere,  [y'tend,  further 
formation  of  -y/ten  (in  teneo)], 
3.  v.  a.,  stretch,  stretch  out,  e.\t,-nd, 
hold  out,  offer :  bracchia  hue  il- 
luc ;  dextram ;  munera ;  caelo 
manus  cum  voce  (stretched  out 
his  hands  and  raised  his  voice) ; 
ramos  (spread) ;  ilia  (strain) ; 
—  intrans.,  extend.  — Esp.,  spread 
(a  tent),  encamp.  —  Also,  distend, 
strain,  fill  (of  sails),  hold  tight, 
draw  in  (of  reins),  bend  (a  bow)  : 
ubera ;  vela  ;  retinacula ;  vim 
et  vincula  capto  (hold  fast  the 
captive  with,  &c.).  —  Also,  aim, 
aim  at,  direct;  spicula  cornu  (fit, 
aim);  quo  tendant  ferrum. — 
With  gressus  Iter,  etc.,  (or  in- 
trans. without),  make  one's  way, 
hold  one's  course,  turn  one's  steps, 
make  headway,  proceed,  advance, 
come,  go,  lead  (of  a  path)  :  contra 
(reply) . —  Hence,  with  inf.,  intend, 
strive,  struggle. 

tenebrae,  -arum,  [?],  f.  plur., 
darkness,  night,  gloom.  —  Esp.,  the 
Shades,  the  dim  shades,  (he  world 
belmu. 

tenebrosus,  -a,  -um,  [ftenebra- 
(reduced)  +  osus],  adj.,  dark, 
darkened,  dim,  gloomy. 

Tenedos,  -i,  [Gr.  TeWSor],  f.,  an 
island  in  the  /Egean,  off  theTroad. 

teiieo,  tenui,  tentum,  tenere, 
[-y/ten-  (in  tendo)],  2.  v.  a.  and 
n.,  hold,  hold(\n  the  hand),  carry, 
bear,  cling  to,  grasp  :  tela  (bear 
arms,  as  in  Eng.) ;  arbos  poma 
(bear) ;  tenenti  similis  (as  if  he 


Vocabulary. 


had  him  in  his  grasp) ;  in  media 
morte  tenetur(zV  in  the  very  grasp 
of  death) . — Hence,  occupy,  inhabit, 
possess,  hold  possession  of,  control, 
hold  bound,  guard,  rule,  have,  be 
in  (a  place),  fell  (merely  being 
there),  reach  (and  so,  hold)  :  al- 
tum  (be  oii) ;  polum  (cover) ; 
auros  (sail  through)  ;  prima 
(hold  the  first  place)  ;  metum 
(gain) ;  muros  (reach) ;  peste 
teneri  (be  overcome) .  —  Fig.,  pos- 
sess (of  a  passion,  &c.),  fill :  vo- 
luptas  silvas. —  Also,  hold  (fast), 
maintain,  retain,  keep,  remem- 
ber :  se  rupes  (holdfast)  •  vesti- 
gia (keep  one's  feet,  plant  firmly)  ; 
morem  hunc  sacrorum.  —  Also, 
hold  (hack),  bind,  detain,  delay, 
hold  (bound),  confine,  restrain, 
keep  in,  keep  out,  surround  (with 
siege),  encompass:  nox  lunam 
in  nube  (hide)  ;  quo  te  cunque 
lacus  fonte.  —  Fig.,  detain,  en- 
tice, allure,  attract. —  So  (in  any 
position),  keep  (this  way  or  that), 
direct,  turn :  immota  lumina  ; 
intenti  ora  (held  their  faces  in 
eager  attention)  ;  veteris  Dei  se 
more  tenens  (living,  &c.). — Also, 
of  a  course,  keep,  hold:  iter;  fu- 
gam  (pursue  one's  fiighf) ;  medi- 
um iter.  —  Absolutely  (with  im- 
plied object)  :  tenent  Danai  qua 
deficit  ignis  (possess  whatever, 
&c.). 

tener,  -era,  -eruin,  [ftene  ( y/ten 
with  stem-vowel)  +  rus],  adj.,  deli- 
cate, fender,  soft,  frail,  plastic  : 
orbs  mundi  (fluid,  plastic,  not 
yet  hardened);  umor  (permeat- 
ing), young,  youthful,  tender,  deli- 
cate (from  youth).  —  Masc.  plur., 
the  young,  young  shoots :  a  teneris 
(from  the  earliest  age). 

tenor,  -oris,  [-^ten  (in  teneo)  + 
or],m.,  a  course  (cf.  tenere  iter, 
etc.),  a  character. 

tento,  see  tempto. 

tentorium,  -I  (-11),  [ftento-  (p.p. 
of  temlo,  reduced)  +  orium,  n. 
of  adj.],  n.,  (place  of  tents),  a  tent. 


tennis,  -c,  [^/ten  (in  tendo,  te- 
neo) +  us,  cf.  gravis  and  Sk. 

tan  us"},  adj.,  thin  (of  texture  or 
consistency),  fine,  delicate,  slen- 
der, fragile,  light,  airy,  sttbsta use- 
less,yielding,  shallow  (of  a  burrow), 
narrow,  slight,  light  (of  soil),  per- 
meating, subtle,  heady  (of  wine): 
aurum  (thread  of) ;  spiramenta 
(fine,  minute).  — •  Fig.,  humble, 
feeble,  slight,  unimportant,  poor  : 
in  tenui  labor  (in  a  trifling 
matter). 

tenuo,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [ftenui-] , 
I.  v.  a.,  make  thin,  waste  away, 
cause  to  waste  away,  reduce. 

teiius  [y'ten  (in  teneo)  +  us,  n. 
ace.],  prep.,  as  far  as,  up  to. 

tepefacio,  -feel,  -faetuin,  -face- 
re,  [stem  akin  to  tepeo-facio], 
cf.  calefacio],  3.  v.  a.,  warm,  heat 
(moderately) .  —  tepefactus,  -a, 
-am,  p.p.,  wanned,  heated :  terra 
(reeking)  ;  hasta  (steeped) . 

tepefactus,  -a,  -iim,  p.p.  of  tepe- 
facio. 

tepeo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [  ^/tep 
(akin  to  Sk.  -y/tap,  burn),  prob. 
through  adj.-stem  ftepo-,  cf.  te- 
pldus],  2.  v.  n.,  be  warm  :  caede 
humus  (reek). 

tepesco,  tepul,  no  sup.,  tepescere, 
[ftepe-  (of  tepeo)],  3.  v.  n.,  be- 
come warm  :  ferrum  in  pulmone 
(be  steeped). 

tepidus,  -a,  -um,  [as  if  (or  really) 
ftepo-  (wh.  tepeo)  +  dus],  adj., 
warm,  heated,  simmering,  reek- 
ing, still  warm  (of  a  body),  not 
yet  cold. 

ter[petrifiedform  of  tres],  adv.,  three 
times,  thrice.  —  There  was  often  a 
superstition  connected  with  this 
number.  —  ter  centum,  thrice  a 
hundred,  three  hundred. —  terque 
quaterque,  thrice  and  again,  in- 
definitely for  three  or  four  times. 
—  terque  quaterque  beati,  thrice 
and  four  times  blest  (of  degree). 

terebinthus,  -I,  [Gr.  Tfpf@iv6os], 
f.,  a  turpentine  tree,  turpentine 
•wood. 


278 


Vocabulary. 


terebro,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [fte- 
rebra-],  I.  v.  a.,  bore,  bore  into, 
bore  out. 

teres,  -etis,  [ftere-  (of  tero)  +  tis 

(reduced)],  z&}.,smooth  andround 
(cylindrical),  round,  smooth,  well 
rounded :  habena  (well  rolled  ?, 
well  twisted?,  not  left  flat,  but 
worked  into  a  round  cord  like  a 
shoe-string) . 

Tereus,  -el,  (acc.-ea),  [Gr.Trjpevs], 
m.:  I.  A  king  of  Thrace  whose 
wife  Progne  along  with  her  sister 
Philomela  served  up  his  son  Itys  at 
his  table.  All  three  were  changed 
into  birds  ;  2.  A  Trojan. 
tergeminus  (tri-),  -a,  -urn,  adj., 
having  three  todies,  threefold,  triple. 
tergeo,  tersl,  tersum,  tergere 
(also  -o,  -ere),  [?],  2.  (3.)  v.  a., 
clean,  polish. 

tergum,  -I,  (Vterg  +  um,  poss. 
akin  to  tergeo,  orig.  hideT\,  n., 
the  back  (of  men  and  animals)  : 
terga  resolvit  (body,  of  Cerberus). 
—  Less  exactly,  a  ridge  (of  a  fur- 
row), a  furrow?,  the  side  (of  a  tree, 
as  if  it  faced  the  south),  the  upper 
part  of  the  body  (of  a  serpent).  — 
Also  (see  above),  a  hide,  esp.  a 
bull's  hide,  hence  a  shield,  a  layer 
(of  a  shield  no  longer  made  of 
hide) .  —  a  tergo,  from  behind,  in 
the  rear,  behind.  —  in  tergum, 
backward. 

tergus,  -oris,  [  V^erg  (cf.  tergum) 
+  us],  n.,  the  back  (only  of  ani- 
mals)^— Also  (cf.  tergum),  a  hide. 
termino,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fter- 
mino-],  I.  v.  &.,  fix  bounds  to,  limit. 
terminus,  -I,  [y/ter  (in  trans)  + 
minus,  cf.  -^tvoi\,  m.,  a  bound,  a 
limit.  —  Fig.,  a  fixed  bound,  a  des- 
tined end. 

ternus,  -a,  -um,  usually  plur.,  [ftri 
+  mis],  adj.,  threefold,  three  at  a 
time,  three  each.  —  Less  exactly, 
three.  —  Regularly :  terna  arma, 
three  sets  of  arms ;  terna  hiberna, 
three  winters. 

tero,  tri vi,  tritum,  terere,  [y'ter, 
cf.  Tfipw  (for  Tejyw)],  3.  v.  a.,  rub, 


crush,  wear,  chafe,  wear  smooth 
(by  constant  use)  :  iter  (wear  a 
path,  of  the  ant)  ;  calcem  calce 
Diores  {tread  on  the  heels')  •  labo- 
re  manum  {callous,  chafe). —  Esp., 
thresh,  press  (of  olives).  —  Also, 
polish,  turn. — Also,  wear  away 
(of  time) ,  waste,  pass  :  otia  (waste 
the  time  in  idleness).  —  In  pass,  by 
a  change  of  idiom,  rub  against: 
alvo  balteus  (lit.,  is  rubbed  by). 

terra,  -ae,  [prob.  for  tersa,  -y/tors 
(in  torreo)  +  a,  cf.  -ripata,  Eng. 
thirst],  f.,  dry  land  (as  opposed 
to  sea),  the  earth,  the  land.  —  Also, 
the  earth  (in  all  relations),  land, 
soil,  the  ground:  semina  terra- 
rum  (earth,  as  an  element). — 
Personified,  Earth.  — Also,  a  land, 
a  country.  —  terra  marique,  by 
land  and  sea;  orbis  terrarum, 
the  circle  (according  to  earlier  no- 
tions) of  the  lands,  the  whole  world, 
the  world. 

terrenus,  -a,  -um,  [fterra-  (with 
unc.  change  of  stem)  +  nus],  adj., 
earthy,  of  earth  :  artus  (of  earthy 
materials)  rv 

terreo,  -ui,  -it inn,  -ere,  [?,  prob. 
fr.  adj. -stem],  2.  v.  a.,  frighten, 
alarm,  affright,  scare,  terrify  ;  — 
frighten  away,  scare  away ;  — • 
drive  in  terror,  httnt,  pursue  :  me 
patris  imago  (haunt);  terruit 
Auster  euntes  (equal  to  deter, 
though  the  orig.  fig.  is  kept) ;  frus- 
tra  terrebere  nimbis  (needlessly 
fear). 

terrens,  -a,  -um,[tterra- (reduced) 
+  eus],  adj.,  of  earth. — Also,  earth- 
born?  (according  to  a  doubtful 
reading) . 

terribilis,  -e,  [as  if  (or  really)  fter- 
ro-  (wh.  terreo)  +  bilis],  adj., 
causing  terror,  dreadful,  dread, 
terrible. 

terrifico,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -are, 
[fterrifico-],  i.  v.  a.,  frighten, 
alarm,  terrify. 

terrificus,  -a,  -um,  [fterro-  (wh. 
terreo)  -ficus  (yfac  +  us,  cf. 
magnificus)],  adj.,  awe-inspir- 


Vocabulary. 


279 


in^,  terrible,  dread,  dreadful, 
frightful. 

territo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -are,[fter- 
rito-  (cf.  terreo)],  I.  v. a.,  alarm, 
frighten,  affright :  quos  bello 
(equal  to  fur  site,  menace). 

territus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  terreo. 

terror,  -oris,  [  -^ter  (in  terreo)  + 
or],  m.,  terror,  alarm;  —  also  in 
pi.,  alarm,  terror,  terrors,  alarms, 
signs  of  terror.  —  Concretely,  a 
terror,  a  dreadftil  sight  (omen, 
event,  &c.). 

tertius,  -a,  -um,  [fterto-  (ftri-f- 
tus  reduced,  cf.  rpir6s~}  +  ius], 
adj.,  third. 

tessera,  -ae,  [Gr.  reWopes  Latin- 
ized], f.,  a  square  (cf.  quadra). 
—  Esp/,  a  square  tablet  on  which 
the  watchword  was  inscribed  and 
passed  through  the  ranks,  a  watch- 
word. 

testa,  -ae,  [  ^/tors  (in  torreo)  + 
ta  (f.  of  tus)],  f.  (perh.  subst. 
omitted),  baked  clay,  a  tile,  pot- 
sherds.—  Also,  a  piece  of  pottery 
{ajar,  a  lamp}. 

testatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  tester. 

testis,  -is,  [  ?,  but  cf.  antistes  and 
superstes],  comm.,  a  witness  (of 
an  action,  a  vow,  a  promise,  &c.). 

tester,  -atus,  -Sri,  [ftesti-  (of 
testis)],  I.  v.  dep.,  call  to  witness, 
swear  by,  protest  before  :  deos  et 
sidera.  —  Also,  declare  (calling 
something  to  witness),  swear,  pro- 
test, bear  witness,  assert,  assever- 
ate; — give  warning  (approve  by 
testimony  a  course  of  conduct), 
exhort,  bear  witness  to  a  thing,  tes- 
tify to  (as  a  souvenir), be  a  witness 
of.  —  Also,  entreat  (calling  some- 
thing to  witness)  :  accipe,testor. 

testudo,  -inis,  [ftestu-  (akin  to 
testa)  +  do],  f.,  a  tortoise  (so 
called  from  its  resemblance  to  a 
pot- lid,  testu). —  Less  exactly, 
tortoise-shell.  —  From  its  supposed 
origin,  a  lyre,  "shell." — Also,  the 
testudo,  a  column  of  attack  in 
which  the  shields  were  overlapped 
like  shingles,  forming  a  continuous 


roof  like  the  plates  of  the  tor- 
toise. 

tete,  see  tu. 

teter,  see  taeter,  the  better  spelling. 

Tethys,  -yos,  [Gr.  Trjflus],  f.,  a  sea- 
goddess,  the  nurse  of  Juno  and 
wife  of  Oceanus.  She  was  held  to 
be  the  most  ancient  of  the  sea  di- 
vinities and  mother  of  all  waters. 

Tetrica  (Tae-),  -ae,  [?,  perh.  ftae- 
tro  +  ca],  f.,  a  mountain  or  cliff 
in  the  Sabine  territory. 

Teucer  (-crus),  -cri,  [Gr.  Tempos 
Latinized],  m. :  I.  A  son  of  Tela- 
mon  king  of  Salamis,  and  half- 
brother  of  Ajax.  He  fled  from 
home  because  he  came  back  with- 
out his  brother,  and  settled  in  Crete, 
founding  a  new  Salamis;  2.  A  son 
of  Scamander  (said  by  some  tradi- 
tions to  be  a  Cretan)  and  the  nymph 
Idsea.  He  figures  as  the  great 
founder  of  the  Trojan  line  through 
his  daughter  Batea,  who  married 
Dardanus.  Their  genealogy  ac- 
cording to  received  traditions : 


SCAMANDER   ID.«A 


?( JUPITER)   ?(£LECTRA) 

DARDANUS 
I 


ILUS 


ERICHTHONIUS 
TROS 


ILUS 

LAOMEDON 
PRIAM 


ASSARACUS 

CAPYS 

I 
ANCHISES 


Teucria, -ae,  [  f.  of  adj .  f r .  fTeucro- ] , 
f.,  the  land  of  Teucer,  the  Trojan 
land,  Troy. 

Teucrus,  -a,  -um,  [same  word  as 
Teucer,  decl.  as  adj.],  adj.,  Tro- 
jan. —  Plur.,  Teucri,  -orum,  the 
Trojans. 

Teuthras,  -antis,  [Gr.  Tempos], 
m.,  a  Trojan. 

Teutonic  us,  -a,  -um,  [fTeutono 
+  cus],  adj.,  of  the  Teutones  (a  tribe 
of  Germany) .  —  Less  exactly,  Ger- 


280 


Vocabulary. 


texo,    texul,     textum,     texerc, 

[•y/tex  (akin  to  re'/crem/)],  3.  v.  a., 
weave, plait.  —  Less  exactly  (perh. 
poetic,  perh.  in  earlier  sense),  />«//</, 
frame.  —  Poetic  :  fugas  et  prae- 
lia  (of  dolphins,  weave  a  tangled 
•web  in  flight  and  conflict} .  —  tex- 
tuin, -1,  p.p.  neut.,  a  fabric. 

textilis,  -e,  [ftexto-  (of  p.p.  of 
texo)  +  ills],  adj.,  woven,  of  wo- 
ven stuff's. 

textus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  texo. 

Thaemon,  -ontis,  [  ?],  m.,  a  Trojan. 

thalaniiis,  -I,  [Gr.  9d\a/j.os~],  m.,  a 
chamber,  a  room.  —  Poetic,  of  bees, 
a  cell. — Esp.,  a  chamber  (lot  sleep- 
ing).—  Fig.,  marriage,  wedlock. 

Thalia,  -ae,  [Gr.  0aA.«a],  f. :  I.  One 
of  the  Muses,  regularly  assigned 
to  comedy ;  2.  A  sea-nymph. 

Thamyrus  (-is),  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  Tro- 
jan. 

Thapsus,  -i,  [Gr.  0ctyos],  f.,  a  city 
on  a  promontory  of  the  same  name, 
on  the  eastern  coast  of  Sicily. 

Thasius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  ©cunos], 
adj.,  of  jfViasos  (an  island  off  the 
coast  of  Thrace,  famous  for  its 
wine),  Thasian. 

Thaumantlas,  -adis,  [Gr.  &av- 
fifu>Tuis~\,  f.  adj.,  daughter  of  Thau- 
mas,  Iris. 

Theano,  -us,  [Gr.  0e(w£],f.,  a  Tro- 
jan woman. 

theatrum,  -I,  [Gr.  Otarpov],  n.,  a 
theatre  (proper) .  —  Less  exactly, 
a  place  for  games,  a  theatre. 

Thebae,  -arum,  [Gr.  ©ij/Scu],  f-> 
Thebes,  a  famous  city  of  Boeotia. 

Thebanus,  -a,  -um,  [fTheba-(- 
nus],  adj.:  i.  Of  Thebes  (m.  Bcc- 
otia),  Theban  ;  2.  Also,  of  Thebe 
(a  city  in  Mysia,  whence  came 
Andromache) . 

Themillas,  -ae,  [?J,  m.,  a  Trojan 
warrior. 

Thermodon,  -ontls,  [Gr.  Qfpftd- 
Soif],  m.,  a  river  of  Pontus,  famous 
as  being  in  the  region  of  the  Ama- 
zons. 

Theron,  -onis,  [Gr.  @i\piov],  m.,  a 
Latin. 


Thersilochus,  -i,  [Gr.  ©f/xr/Aoxos], 
m.,  the  name  of  two  different  Tro- 
jans in  Hades. 

thesaurus  (thens-),  -I,  [Gr.  Orjffav- 
posj,  m.,  a  hoard,  a  treasure.  — 
Also,  a  storehouse,  a  treasure- 
house.  —  Poetic,  of  a  hive. 

Theseus,  -el  (-cos),  [Gr.  0rj<reus], 
m.,  a  king  of  Athens,  slayer  of  the 
Minotaur.  He  assisted  Pirithotts 
in  carrying  off  Proserpine  from  the 
infernal  regions,  for  which  impiety 
he  was  forced  to  sit  upon  a  rock 
forever.  He  was  honored  as  a 
special  divinity  by  the  Athenians, 
and  is  sometimes  treated  as  the 
founder  of  their  race. 

ThesIdes,-ae,[Gr.07j<rej8^sJ,m.,.w« 
(descendant)  of  Theseus. —  Poetic, 
in  plur.,  Athenians,  sons  of  J^hcseus. 

Thessandrus,  -I,  [Greek],  in.,  a 
Greek  hero. 

Thestylis,  -is,  [Gr.  ©tort/A./*],  f.,  a 
rustic  woman,  wife  or  slave  of  a 
shepherd. 

Thetis,  -idis,  [Gr.  0*'™],  f.,  a  sea- 
nymph,  one  of  the  Nereids,  mother 
of  Achilles  by  Peleus.  —  Also  (cf. 
Ceres),  the  sea. 

thiasus,  -I,  [Gr.  fli'curos],  m.,  the  tlii- 
asus,  a  festive  dance  in  honor  of 
Bacchus. 

Thoas,  -antis,  [Gr.  ©cfas],  m. :  I.  A 
Greek  in  the  wooden  horse;  2.  A 
Trojan. 

1  IK  >  I  us,  -I,  [Gr.  06\os],  m.,  a  dome. 
—  Esp.,  a  sacred  dome,  in  a  temple 
where  gifts  were  hung  up. 

thorax,  -acis,  [Gr.  dtt>pa£],  m.,  a 
breastplate,  a  corselet. 

Thraoa  (Thrae-),  -as,[Gr.  0pa'ic7j], 
f.  (of  adj.,  cf.  Thrax),  Thrace. 

Thracius  (Thrae-),  -a,  -um,  [Gr. 
&pd.Kioi\,  adj.,  Thracian,  of  Thrace. 

ThrSx(Thraex),  -acis,[Gr.  0paf], 
m.,  a  Thracian. 

Threicius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  ©PTJ/KJOS], 
adj.,  of  Thrace,  Thracian.  —  Fem. 
plur.,  the  Thracian  women,  the 
women  of  Thrace. 

Threlssa,  -ae,  [Gr.  epdnrcra,  f.  adj.], 
f.,  a  Thracian(\\'<jma.n),  Thracian. 


Vocabulary. 


281 


Thronius,  -I,  [?],m.,  a  Trojan. 

Thule  (-yle),  -es,  [Gr.  0ovA7j],  f., 
a  supposed  island  at  the  north- 
eastern extremity  of  Europe,  be- 
yond Britain,  discovered  by  the 
navigator  Pytheas.  Its  position  is 
doubtful. 

thureus,  see  tureus. 

thuricremus,  see  1  uri  . 

thurifer,  see  turi-. 

thus,  see  tus. 

Thybrinus,  see  Tiberinus. 

Thybris  (Ty-),  -is,  [?],  m.:  I.  A 
hero  in  the  Trojan  ranks  ;  2.  See 
Tiberis. 

Thyias  (Thyas),-adis,[Gr.  ©uias], 
f.,  a  Bacchante,  a  Manad,  one  of 
the  women  who  joined  in  the  fren- 
zied rites  of  Bacchus.  They  are 
often  represented  in  works  of  art. 

Thymber,  -bri,  [?],  m.,  a  Rutulian 
(Ribbeck). 

Thymbra,  -ae,  [Gr.  ©u^jSpj],  f.,  a 
city  near  Troy  famous  for  its  tem- 
ple of  Apollo. 

thymbra,  -ae,  [Gr.  ®vp.&pa],  f.,  a 
fragrant  herb,  savory^  ?),  {Satureia 
thymbra) . 

Thymbraeus,  -a,  -mil,  [Gr.  Qv/j.- 
&pdios~\,  adj.,  of  Thymbra,  Thynt- 
braan. —  Masc.  as  subst. :  I.  The 
god  of  Thymbra  (Apollo) ;  2.  Name 
of  a  Trojan. 

Thymbris,  -Is,  [Gr.  name  of  the 
Tiber],  m.,  a  Trojan. 

Thymoetes,  -ae,  [Gr.  ©u/uofrTjr], 
m.,  a  Trojan  at  the  siege  of  Troy. 
—  Also  one  in  /Eneas'  expedition. 

t  liymiim  (-us),  -I,  [Gr.  fly^ov],  n., 
thyme  (a  fragrant  herb  whose  blos- 
soms are  loved  by  bees). 

Thyrsls,  -idis,  [Gr.  0u/><n's],  m.,  a 
shepherd. 

thyrsus,  -I,  [Gr.  Ouperds],  m.,  a 
Plant-stalk.  —  Esp.,  the  thvrsus 
(prob.  originally  a  stalk),  or  wand 
of  Bacchus,  wreathed  with  ivy  and 
vine  leaves  or  other  plants,  and 
borne  in  the  festival  rites  of  the 
god. 

tiara  (-as),  -ae,  [Gr.  ridpa  (-as)], 
f.  (or  m.),  a  regal  cap  (a  head- 


dress used  by  Eastern  nations),  a 
head-dress  (equal   to  initra,  \vh. 
see). 
Tiberinus  (Tibr-,  Thy-),  -a,  -um, 

[Tiber!  +  nus],  adj.,  of  the  Tiber. 
—  Masc.  as  subst.,  Tiber  (the  river- 
god)  . —  the  7'/7w(half  personified). 

Tiberis  (Tibr-,  Thy-),  -is  (-idis), 
[?],  m. :  I.  The  Tiber,  the  great 
river  of  Rome ;  2.  The  ancient 
Italian  hero  from  whom  the  river 
was  supposed  to  have  been  named. 

tibia,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  the  leg-bone. — 
Also,  a  pipe,  the  special  instrument 
of  shepherds,  and  in  its  larger  forms 
of  frenzied  religious  worship.  It  was 
blown  at  the  end  (the  flute  form 
being  rare),  and  often  two  of  dif- 
ferent pitch  were  put  together  and 
blown  at  the  same  time. 

Tibur,  -uris,  [?],  n.,  an  old  and  fa- 
mous town  of  Latium  on  the  Anio, 
twenty  miles  north-east  of  Rome, 
situated  on  a  rocky  hill.  It  long 
defended  itself  against  the  Roman 
power. 

Tiburtus,  -i,  [fTibur  + tus],  m., 
one  of  the  mythic  founders  of  Ti- 
bur, to  which  he  was  supposed  to 
have  given  its  name.  (Now  Tivoli, 
still  famous  for  its  waterfall.) 

Tiburs,  -urtis,  [fTibur  +  tis,  cf. 
Quiris],  adj.,  of  Tiber.  —  Masc. 
plur.,  the  inhabitants  of  Tiber,  the 
Tiburtines. 

tignum,  -i,  [unc.  root  +  num,  cf. 
magiius],  n.,  a  beam,  a  rafter. 

tigris,  -is  (-idis),  [Gr.  -ri-ypis],  m. 
and  f.,  a  tiger,  a  tigress.  —  Als< >, 
the  Tiger,  a  name  of  a  ship. 

Tigris,  -idis  (-is),  [Gr.  Tiypts],  m., 
the  river  in  Asia  flowing  between 
Mesopotamia  and  Assyria,  and 
joining  with  the  Euphrates  in  the 
Persijin  Gulf. 

tilia,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  the  linden,  the 
lime  (corresponding  to  the  Ameri- 
can basswood). 

Timavus,  -i,  [?],  m.,  a  river  be- 
tween Istria  and  Yenetia,  flowing 
from  seven  rocky  sources  (between 
Aquileia  andTrieste),  makes  a  short 


282 


Vocabulary. 


course  as  a  wide  river  into  the 
Adriatic. 

timeo,  -ul,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [as  if 
ftimo  (cf.  tiinidus)],  2.  v.  a.  and 
n.,  fear,  dread.  —  Intransitive,  be 
alarmed,  be  in  fear.  —  Also,  shcnv 
one's  fear. — timens,  -entis,  p.  as 
ad}., fearful,  alarmed,  in  one's  fear, 
in  fear. 

tiinidus,  -a,  -urn,  [ftimo  (wh. 
timeo) +dus],  adj., fearful,  timid, 
frightened. 

timor,  -oris,  [  -^/iim  (in  timeo)  + 
OT~\,m.,fear,  dread,  alarm. — Per- 
sonified, Fear. 

tinea,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  worm  (moth 
or  the  like)._ 

tingo  (tinguo),  tinxi,  tinctum, 
tingere,  [-^ting,  cf.  reyyoi] ,  3-v.a., 
wet,  dip  (in  water),  bathe,  plunge. 
—  Also,  of  the  wetting  substance, 
wash,  bathe. 

tinnitus,  -us,  [ftinni-  (stem  of 
tinnio)  +  tus],  m.,  a  rattling 
noise,  a  ring,  a  jingle. 

Tiphys,  -yos,  [Gr.  Tt^>us],  m.,  the 
pilot  of  the  Argo. 

Tirynthius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Tipvv- 
610 j],  adj.,  of  Tiryns,  an  ancient 
town  of  Argolis,  where  Hercules 
was  educated.  —  Masc.  as  subst., 
Hercules. 

TIsiphone,  -es,  [Gr.  Tiffi<p6trrf\,  f., 
one  of  the  Furies. 

Titan,  -anis,[Gr.  Tirdv],  m.,  a  name 
of  the  sun-god  as  in  some  way  con- 
founded with  the  Titans.  See  Ti- 
tanius. 

Titunius,  -a,  -um,  [Gr.  Trnfows], 
adj.,  of  the  Titans  (a  mysterious 
race  of  giants,  sons  of  Heaven  and 
Earth,  who  warred  against  Zeus), 
Titanian.  One  of  the  Titans  was 
Hyperion,  the  father  of  the  Sun 
and  the  Moon  according  to  the 
confused  myths,  and  these  latter 
are  called  Titans  also. 

Tfthonius,  -a,  -um,  [fTithono  + 
ius],  adj.,  of  Tithonus. 

Tithonus,  -i,  [Gr.  Ti0&Wj],  in.,  a 
son  of  Laomedon  who  married 
Aurora  and  became  the  father  of 


Mcmnon.  He  was  changed  into 
a  locust  (cicada)  at  his  wife's  re- 
quest, since  endowed  with  immor- 
tality he  had  not  received  eternal 
youth. 

tit  n  bat  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  titubo. 

tit  n  !><i,  -avi,  -atiiin,  -are,  [?], 
I.  v.  n.  and  a.,  stumble,  reel,  totter. 
—  titubatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  in 
act.  sense,  stumbling,  tottering. 

Tltyrus,  -I,  [Gr.  Tirvpos,  Dor.  form 
of  Sctrupoj],  m.,  a  shepherd's  name 
in  bucolic  poetry. 

Tityus  (-os),  -i,  [Gr.  Tirt/rfs],  m.,  a 
giant  of  Euboea  who  offered  vio- 
lence to  Latona  (or  to  Diana). 
He  was  punished  in  Tartarus, 
stretched  out  on  the  ground  and 
having  his  liver  torn  by  vultures. 

Tmarins,  -a,  -um,  [fTmaro-fius], 
adj.,  of  Tmaros  (see  following 
word) .  —  Also,  of  Epirus. 

Tmarus,  -I,  [Gr.  T^apos  (l>apos), 
a  mountain  in  Epirus],  m.,  a  Ru- 
tulian. 

Tmolius,  -a,  -um,  [fTmolo+ius], 
adj.,  Tmolian,  of  Tmolus.  —  Masc. 
as  subst.,  Tmolian  wine  (half  per- 
sonified). 

Tmolus,  -I,  [Gr.  T^uwAos],  m.,  a 
mountain  in  Lydia  famous  for  its 
wines. 

tofus  (toph-),  -i,  [?],  m.,  tufa. 

togatus,  -a,  -um,  [ftoga  +  tus,  cf. 
armatus],  adj.,  clad  in  the  toga, 
of  the  toga  (wearing  it). 

tolerabills,  -e,  [ftolera-  (of  to- 
lero) -f  bills],  adj.,  tolerable,  en- 
durable: non  (unendurable). 

tolero,  -avi,  -Stum,  -are,  [  ftoler- 
(  -y/tol,  in  tollo,  +  us),  cf.  onus, 
onero],  I.  v.  a.,  bear,  support. — 
Fig.,  endure :  vitam  (sustain,  get 
a  subsistence). 

tollo,  sustuli,  sublatum,  tol- 
lere,  [V^0^  Perf-  nnc^  SUP-  ^orr. 
fr.  suflfero,  see  fero],  3.  v.  a., 
lift,  raise  (in  all  Eng.  senses)  : 
aulaea  (draw  up,  but  closing  in- 
stead of  opening  the  scene) ;  sax- 
urn  (lake  «/);  me  humo  (raise 
up}  ;  bracchia  (put  ///)  ;  rates 


Vocabulary. 


283 


(take  up  to  launch) ;  caeli  sidera 
(bear  up,  of  Atlas)  ;  in  astra  ne- 
potes  (raise  to  heaven,  as  gods) ; 
fluctus  (throw  up,  stir  up) ;  un- 
dam  de  flumine  {dip  up,  take 
up}  ;  sublato  pectore  {with  lofty 
neck);  sublatus  ensis  {uplifted 
sword). —  With  reflexive  or  in 
passive,  raise  one's  self,  rise,  spring 
up,  £o  up  :  se  ab  soho ;  se  adrec- 
tum;  nimbus  arenae  tollitur; 
quae  se  tollunt  (spring  up,  of 
trees) ;  —  so,  fig. :  se  clamor  (go 
up,  arise,  see  below) .  —  Also,  fig., 
raise  (and  the  like)  :  vocem  {send 
up,  send  forth) ;  clamores ;  gemi- 
tum  (titter) ;  sublata  rebus  se- 
cundis  (elated,  puffed  up) ;  vos 
in  tantum  spe  (raise  your  hopes 
so  high,  be  inspired  with  so  much 
hope);  animos  {encourage,  exalt, 
cheer,  revive,  be  inspirited)  ;  prae- 
lia  venti  {stir  up) ;  ad  astra 
Daphnim  {extol,  immortalize) ; 
tollent  animos  sata ;  minas  (of 
a  snake,  ri se  menacingly) .  —  Also 
(where  raise  is  not  used  in  Eng.), 
take  up  and  carry  away,  take 
away,  carry  off,  bear  away,  bear 
off,  remove,  put  away,  put  an  end 
to,  extirpate,  destroy,  cease,  for- 
bear :  tollite  me  Teucri ;  dona  ; 
certamina ;  sive  est  virtus  et 
gloria  tollat  {carry  it  off,  have 
it)  ;  de  caespite  silvam ;  minas ; 
sublatis  dolis  {without  longer 
concealment). — In  a  special  sense, 
take  up  (of  a  new-born  child), 
hence,  rear,  bring  up. 

Toliimiiiiis,  -I  (-ii),  [?],  m.,  an 
augur  of  the  Rutuli. 

tondeo,  totoiidi,  tonsum,  ton- 
dere,  [?],  2.  v.  a.,  shear  (of  the 
thing  sheared  and  the  product), 
clip,  crop,  trim,  strip,  pluck  : 
bracchia  (for  oars). — Esp.,  MOT;', 
reap.  —  Of  animals,  crop,  browse, 
graze  on,  feed  on  :  campum  equi  ; 
iecur  (of  vultures).  —  tonsus,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  trimmed,  mown, 
cropped,  clipped,  sheared,  shorn  : 
tonsae  valles  (grazing  valleys); 


tonsa  oliva  (olive  leaves,  stripped 
off) ;  —  so :  tonsa  corona  {leafy 
garland). —  Fein,  as  subst.,  an 
oar  (cf.  tondere  bracchia). 

tonitrus,  -us,  [ftoni-  (weaker  stem 
of  tono)  -f  trus,  cf.  Quinqua- 
trus],  m.,  thunder,  a  clap  of 
thunder. 

tono,  tonui,  toniturn,  touare, 
[?],  I.  v.  n.,  thunder.  —  Of  other 
noises  as  in  Eng. :  eloquio  (of  an 
orator)  ;  antra  Aetnaea ;  axis 
(of  a  chariot) ;  tonat  ter  centum 
Decs  (calls  with  loud  voice  upon, 
thunders  the  names  of,  cogn.  ace.). 

tonsus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  tondeo. 

tophus,  see  tofus. 

tormentum,  -I,  [  y'torqu  +  men- 
turn],  n.,  an  engine  (for  hurling  mis- 
siles by  means  of  a  twisted  rope). 
—  Also,  torture,  pain,  torment. 

torn  us,  -i,  [Gr.  T^pvos],  m.,  a  lathe  : 
facilis  (chisel,  transferring,  to  ren- 
der facilis) . 

torpeo,  -ul,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [ftorpo- 
(cf.  torpidus)  of  unc.  kin.],  2.v.n., 
be  benumbed,  be  stiff.  —  Fig.,  be 
sluggish,  be  enfeebled,  be  inactive, 
be  idle. 

torpor,  -oris,  [  y/torp-  (in  torpeo) 
+  or],  m.,  torpor,  numbness,  pa- 
ralysis. 

Torquatus,  -I,  [ftorqui  +  tus  (cf. 
armatus)],  m.,  the  name  of  Titus 
Manlius  Torquatus,  given  him  for 
slaying  a  Gaul  in  single  combat. 

torqueo,  torsi,  tortum,  torque- 
re,  [^/torqu,  akin  to  TpeVo>], 
2.  v.  a.,  whirl,  twist,  twirl,  turn 
(with  some  violence  or  haste), 
bend :  ter  fluctus  (of  a  ship,  spin 
around)  •  amenta  (wind  up,  of 
the  thong  of  a  javelin) ;  verbera 
fundae  (twirl  around  the  head  to 
throw)  ;  axem  umero  (whirl,  of 
Atlas) ;  tegumen  leonis  {/ling 
around,  as  a  robe) ;  undam  (in 
a  whirling  cMv) ;  ora  (distort, 
pucker). —  From  the  spinning  mo- 
tion of  a  dart  (cf.  amenta  above), 
hurl,  throw,  /ling,  roll  (of  a  river)  : 
tres  Notus  in  saxa  (of  ships); 


284 


Vocabulary. 


aquosam  hiemem  (fling  down, 
let  fly}. —  Simply,  turn  (but  with 
a  poetic  conception)  :  currus  (al- 
most equals  twist);  vi  portam 
(wrench  around)  ;  cornua  (haul 
around};  vestigia; — so,  fig.: 
lumina  ;  oculos ;  aciem.  —  Poeti- 
cally, rule,  sway,  control :  sidera 
mundi  (almost  lit.) ;  caelum  et 
terras ;  bella. — tortus,  -a,  -um, 
pp.  as  adj.,  twisted,  bent,  tunned : 
cucumis  (crooked} ;  imber  (prob. 
hail ) ;  orbes  (-winding) ;  angues 
(writhing)  ;  quercus(« garland)  ; 
vortex  (whirling). 

torques  (-is),  -is,  [ -y/torqu  +  es 
(-is)],  m.  and  f.,  a  necklace  (twist- 
ed round  the  neck),  a  collar. — 
Also,  a  collar  (for  cattle) .  —  Also, 
a  wreath,  a  festoon. 

torrens,  see  torreo. 

torreo,  torrul,  tostum,  torrere, 
[ftorro-  (-y/ors+us,  cf.  terra  and 
torridus)],  2.  v.  a.,  roast,  parch 
(lit.  and  fig.).  —  torrens,  -entis, 
p.  as  adj.  (from  fire  or  boiling 
water),  boiling,  roaring,  raging. 
As  subst,  a  torrent. 

torridus,  -a,  -um,  [ftorro-  (\vh. 
torreo) +dus],  adj.,  burning,  hot, 
fiery. 

torris,  -Is,  [-^tors  (cf.  torreo)  + 
is],  m.,  a  firebrand. — Also,  a  stake 
(burnt  at  the  end  for  a  weapon). 

tortilis,  -e,  [ftorto-  (p.p.  of  tor- 
queo)  -f  lis],  adj.,  twisted,  encir- 
cling (twisted  around). 

tortus,  -a,  -inn,  p.p.  of  torquco. 

tortus,  -us,  [  y'torqu  (in  torqueo) 
+  tus],  m.,  a  coil,  a  writhing  mil 
(of  a  snake). 

torus,  -i,  [  ?,  y'star  (in  sterno)  + 
us],m.,  a  bulge;  plur.,  the  muscles 
(esp.  of  the  neck) ;  the  neck,  a 
cushion,  <i  bed  (perh.  orig.  sense'), 
a  couch  (for  sitting,  reclining  at 
meals,  or  laying  out  the  dead).  — 
Fig.,  of  natural  lying-places :  viri- 
dans  (gi'een  couch  of  turf)  ;  ripa- 
rum  (grassy  couches)  ;  arma  toro 
requirit  (equal  to  chamber,  where 
the  arms  were  hung  over  the  bed). 


torvus,  -a,  -um,  [ytor  (cf.  tcrc- 
bro)+vus,  cf.  ropAs],  adj.,  (pierc- 
ing only  of  the  expression),  pierc- 
ing (vi  eyes'), grim,  savage,  frown- 
ing, wild-eyed,  glaring.  — 
as  adv. :  torvum  clamat  (wildly, 
coupled  with  torquens  aciem) ; 
torva  tuens  (fiercely). 

tostus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  torreo. 

tot  [for  toti,  pron.  -y/ta  +  ti,  cf. 
quot],  indecl.  adj.,  so  many,  <is 
many  (demonstrative),  these  main', 
those  many. 

totidem  [toti  -f  dem,  cf.  idem], 
indecl.  adj.,  just  so  many,  just  as 
many,  as  many,  the  same  number, 
a  like  number. 

totiens  (-es),  [toti  as  stem  (re- 
duced)+iens,  cf.  noviens],  adv., 
so  many  times,  as  (cf.  tot)  many 
times,  so  often,  as  (cf.  tot)  often. 

totus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  ///<•  whole 
of  (a.  thing  collectively,  cf.  omnis, 
all,  every),  all,  the  whole,  entire. 
—  Often  (like  all  adjs.  of  quantity, 
order,  and  degree)  equal  to  an 
adv.,  entirely,  completely,  wholly, 
all  over,  all. 

trabalis,  -e,  [ftrabi-  (of  trahs, 
reduced)  -f  alis],  adj.,  of  a  beam. 
Also,  like  a  beam  :  telum. 

trabea,  -ae,  [ftrabi-  (reduced)  + 
ea,  f.  of-eua],  f.,  a  trabea,  a  robe, 
woven  in  stripes,  worn  by  magis- 
trates, &c. 

trabs  (trabes),  -is,  [?],f.,  a  beam 
(hewn),  a  timber.  —  Less  exactly, 
a  ship. 

tractabilis,  -e,  [tracta-  (of  (rac- 
to)  +  bilis],  adj.,  manageable.  — 
So,  of  the  weather,  fit  for  nai-ign- 
tion.  —  Of  persons,  yielding,  trac- 
table. 

tractim  [as  if  ace.  of  ftracti- 
(  N  trah  +  tis),  cf.  partim],  adv., 
draggingly,  .f/iw/r,  gradually,  con- 
tinuously. 

travto,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ftrac- 
to-  (of  tractus)],  I.  v.  *.,hnndle. 

Iractus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  <>f  traho. 

tractus,  -us,  [^/trah  (of  traho) 
+  tus],  in.,  a  drawing:  tractu 


Vocabulary. 


285 


gementem  ferre  rotam  (as  it 
mores) ;  tanto  tractu  se  conligit 
anguis  (so  wid,-  a  sweep).  —  Also 
(cf.  tr««.no,  trace),  a  streak,  a 
stretch  (cf.  Eng.  use),  a  quarter, 
a  region. 

trado,  -didi,  -ditiun,  -dere, 
[trans-do],  3.  v.  a.,  hand  over, 
give  over,  give  in  charge,  surren- 

traduco,   -dnxi,    -ductum,    -du- 

ccre,  [trans-duco],  ^.\.^.tdraw 
r,  transfer,  remove. 

trahea,  -ae,  [ftraha-  (reduced)  + 
ea,  f.  of  -eus],  f.,  a  drag,  a  sledge 
(used  also  for  threshing). 

tralio,  traxi,  tractum,  trahere, 
[  y'trah  (for  -gh),  akin  to  Tpe'x«]t 
3.  v.  a.,  drag  (with  violence,  or 
with  difficulty),  drag  on,  drag  along, 
drag  away,  bear  on  (of  rivers,  &c.), 
carry  with  it  (of  something  fall- 
ing, £c.),  carry  off  (AS,  captive): 
tractae  catenae  (dragging,  clank- 
ing chains)  ;  nubem  (drive) ;  ar- 
menta  cum  stabulis((wr  j'  away) ; 

fenua  aegra ;  sinus  ultimus  or- 
es (of  a  snake) ;  naves  in  saxa 
(of  Scylla). — Also  (without  vio- 
lence), draw,  draw  out,  draw  in, 
on  (slowly  or  continuously), 
trail,  lead  (of  children,  &c.),  draw 
(lots):  sinum  ex  alto  (roll); 
alvum  (trail,  as  hanging  low) ; 
vela  (take  in).  —  Fig.,  draw,  de- 
rive, entice,  attract,  trace,  pass.  l>e 
traced  (extend),  dissolve  (draw 
in),  litter  with  difficulty:  gyros 
(trace) ;  Iris  mille  colores  ;  a 
pectore  vocem  (utter  with  diffi- 
culty) .  —  So,  also,  drag  out,  per- 
form (slowly),  while  away,  waste 
(of  time),  dally,  delay:  moras  (cre- 
ate) ;  vitam ;  noctem  sermone ; 
— pass.,  draw  on  (of  future  time). 

—  Esp.,  absorb,  draw  in  :  per  ossa 
furorem. 

traicio  ( rriiusieio,  also  separate, 
traiic-,  transiic-),  -ieci,  -lec- 
tum,  -icere,  [trans-iacio],  3.  v.  a. 
and  n.,  throw  across,  throw  over. 

—  With  change  of  point  of  view, 


pierce,  transfix.  —  Intrans.,  pass 
across,  pass. 

traiectus  (trans-),  -a,  -um,  p.p. 
of  traiclo. 

trames,  -itis,  [-^/mi  (in  meo)  + 
tis  (reduced),  cf.  comes],  m.,  a 
cross-path,  a  by-way.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, a  path  (lit.  and  fig.),  a  course. 

traiio  (trans-),  -avi, -atum,  -are, 
[trans-no],  i.  v.  a.,  swim  across, 
cross  (of  rivers),  sail  through  or 
across  (of  birds).  —  Also,  of  Mer- 
cury as  a  winged  creature. 

trauquillus,  -a,  -uin,  [?],  adj., 
quiet,  calm,  still,  tranquil. — Neut. 
as  subst. :  tranquillo,  in  calm 
weather. 

trans  [unc.  form  -y/tra,  tar  (in  te- 
rebro)],  prep.,  across,  through, 
over.  —  Adv.,  in  comp.,  in  same 
sense. 

traiisabeo,  -if,  no  sup.,  -Ire,[trans- 
abeo],  irr.  v.  a.  and  n.,  pass  beyond. 

—  Also,    pierce,    penetrate,    pass 
through  (of  a  weapon,  &c.). 

triinsadigo,  -egl,  -actum,  -igere, 
[  trans -adigo],  3.  v.  a.,  thrust 
through  (with  tsvo  aces.).  —  Also, 
pierce  through,  penetrate. 

transcribe  (transs-),  -scrips!, 
-scriptum,  -scribere,  [trans- 
scribo],  3.  v.  a.,  transcribe. — Also, 
make  over  by  writing ;  —  hence, 
assign  over,  transfer,  make  over. 

—  Esp.,  enroll  (in  a  different  list, 
cf.  conscribo),  transfer. 

transcurro,  -cucurri  (-curri), 
no  sup.,  -currere,  [trans-curro], 
3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  run  across,  jly 
across,  shoot  across. 

traiiseo,    -ii  (-ivi),   -Itum,    -ire, 

[trans-eo],  irr.  v.  n.  and  a.,  pass 

.  cross,  pass  by,  pass,  outstrip. 

—  \\SQ,  pierce,  pass  through,  pen- 
etrate. —  Also,    pass   over   or    by 
(unmentioned). 

transfero,  -tuli,  -latuni,  -ferro, 
[trans-fero],  irr.  v.  a.,  carry  over, 
transfer. 

transf igu,  -fixi,  -fixuni,  -figere, 
[trans-figo] ,  3.  v.  a.,  thntst  through. 


286 


Vocabulary. 


—  Also,  pierce  through  (cf.  figo), 
transfix. 

trsinsf Ixns,-a,-uin,  p.p.  of  trans- 
figo. 

transfodio,  -fodi,  -fossum,  -fo- 
dere,  [trans-fodio],  3.  v.  a.,  pierce, 
transfix. 

transforms,  -avi,  -atum,  -are, 
[trans-formo],  i.  v.  a.,  transform, 
metamorphose  ;  —  with  reflexive, 
change. 

transfossus,  -a,  -inn,  p.p.of  trans- 
fodio^ 

1  ransilio  (transs-),  -ul  (-ivi),  no 
sup.,  -Ire,  [trans-salio],  3.  v.  a. 
and  n.,  leap  across,  fly  over.  —  Of 
things,  fly  through. 

triinsmissus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of 
1  rau-mitt  o. 

transmitto,-nusl,-missum,-mit- 
tere,  [trans-mitto],  3.  v.  a.  and  n., 
suffer  to  pass  across  (cf.  nritto, 
let  go). —  Fig.,  transmit,  assign 
over.  —  With  ace.  dep.  or  trans, 
pass  over  :  campos ;  cursum  (cross 
the  passage) . 

transports,  -avi,  -atum,  -are, 
[trans-porto],  i.  v.  a.,  bear  across, 
carry  across :  ripas  (carry  the 
shades  across  the  streani). 

transtrum,  -I,  [trans  +  trum],  n., 
a  cross-beam.  —  Esp.,  a  thwart,  a 
bench  (for  rowers  athwart  the  ship) . 

transverbero,  -avi,  -atum,  -are, 
[trans- verbero],  i.  v.  a.,  strike 
through,  pierce,  transfix. 

transversus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
transverto. 

transverto,  -verti,-versum,  -ver- 
tere,  [trans-verto],3.  v.  z..,turn 
athwart. — transversus,  -a,  -um, 
p.p.  as  adj.,  lying  across,  running' 
across.  —  Neut.  plur.  as  adv.,  as- 
kance, athwart  one's  course. 

trapetus,  -I,  [Gr.  rpair^r6s'\,  m.,au 
oil- mill. 

trecenti,  -ae,  -a,  [ftri-centum, 
decl.],  adj.,  three  hundred. 

tremebundus,  -a,  -inn,  [ftreme- 
(as  of  tremo,  hut  cf.  rubicun- 
dus)  +  bundus],  adj.,  Ire  milling, 
quivering. 


tremefacio,  -feel,  -factuin,  -fa- 
cere,  [unc.  stem  (akin  to  tremo) 
-facio],  3.  v.  a.,  make  tremble, 
shake.  —  tremefactus,  -a,  -um, 

p.p.,  shaken,  trembling,  quivering, 
shuddering. 

tremendus,  see  tremo. 

tremesco  (-isco),  no  perf.,  no  sup., 
-ere,  [ftreme-  (of  tremo)  +  sco], 
3.  v.  n.  and  a.  incept.,  tremble.— 
With  inf.  and  ace.,  as  in  Eng.(?), 
tremble,  shudder.  —  W7ith  obj., 
tremble  at,  shudder  at. 

tremo,  -ul,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [  Y/trem, 
cf.  Tpepw  (perh.  fr.  a  stein,  cf.  ter- 
reo)]>  3-  v-  a->  tremble,  quake, 
quake  with  fear,  shake,  quiver  : 
cristae  (nod,  flutter}.  —  Act., 
tremble  at,  shudder  at,  quake  with 
fear  at.  —  tremens,  -entls,  p.  as 
adj.,  trembling,  quivering,  fright- 
ened.—  tremendus,  -a,  -um,  p. 
ger.,  dreadful,  awful,  dread. 

tremor,  -oris,  [-^trem  -f  or],  in., 
a  trembling. 

tremulus,  -a,  -um,  [ftremo- 
(  y'trem  +  us)  +  lus],  adj.,  trem- 
ulous, quivering,  shimmering. 

trepido,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ftre- 
pido-],  I.  v.  n.  and  a.,  tremble, 
quake  with  fear,  flutter.  —  Also, 
hurry  to  and  fro,  bustle.  —  Act. 
(as  verb  of  fearing),  fear,  dread, 
shrink  from.  —  trepidans,  -an- 
tis,p.  as  z.&}.,frightened,  ina  panic, 
in  alarm. 

trepidus,  -a,  -um,[ttrepo-(-v/trep, 
of  unc.  kin.  +  us)  +  dus],  adj., 
trembling,  agitated,  shuddering, 
quaking,  bustling,  hurrying,  con- 
fused, in  confusion,  in  agitation  ; 
—  frightened,  fearful,  anxious, 
alarmed,  in  eager  haste. 

tres,  tria,  [ftri-,  of  unc.  kin.,  cf. 
rpeis,  Eng.  three],  num.  adj.  plur., 
three. 

tribulum,  -I,  [tri  (as  root  of  tero) 
-fbulum],  n.,  a  drag  (for  thresh- 
ing, with  teeth  beneath). 

tri  l>ii  I  us,  -I,  [Gr.  rp/jSoAoi],  m.,  a 
caltrop  (a  pointed  instrument  laid 
on  the  ground  as  a  defence  against 


Vocabulary. 


287 


cavalry).  —  Also,  a  caltrop. 

tribus,  -us,  f.,  a  tribe. 

tricorpor,  -oris,  [ftri-fcorpor- 
(decl.  as  adj.)],  adj.,  three-bodied. 

tridens,  -dentis,  [ftri-dens  (decl. 
as  adj.)],  adj.,  tkree-tootktJ,  three- 
pronged.  —  Masc.  as  subst.,  a  tri- 
dent, the  attribute  of  Neptune. 

trietericus,  -a,  -uin,  [Gr.  rpifTTipi- 
K Jy],  adj.,  biennial,  occurring  once 
in  three  years  according  to  the 
notions  of  the  ancients,  who  count- 
ed both  termini  of  a  period. 

trifaiix,  -faueis,  [ftri-faux,  decl. 
as  adj.],  adj.,  three-throated,  triple- 
jawed  :  trifauci  latratus  Cerbe- 
rus (with  ike  baying  of  his  three 
throats). 

trigiiita[tri-unc.  stem,  cf.  vigintl], 
indecl.  num.  adj.,  thirty. 

trilix,  -Hcis,  [ftri-lix,  cf.  bilix], 
adj.,  three-ply,  threefold  (of  three 
thicknesses). 

Triiiacrius,  -a,  -urn,  [Gr.  Tpivd- 
Kpios],  adj.,  of  Sicily  (called  Tri- 
nacria  from  its  three  promonto- 
ries), Sicilian.  —  Fem.  (cf.  Gr. 
TpivoKpia) ,  Sicily.  (This  word,  as 
is  the  case  with  most  names  of 
countries,  serves  as  adj.  of  its  own 
fern.). 

Triones,  -uin,  [?],  m.  plur.,  the 
Great  and  Little  Bears,  Ursa  Ma- 
jor and  Minor,  or  Charles'  Wain 
(see  also  septemtrio). 

triplex,  -Icis,  [ftri-plex,  cf.  du- 
plex], adj.,  threefold,  triple  :  gens 
(in  three  divisions). 

tripus,  -odis,  [Gr.  rpfirouj],  m.,  a 
tripod,  a  three-legged  stand  used 
by  the  ancients,  especially  for  cook- 
ing and  for  sacred  rites. — Esp., 
the  Tripod,  or  cauldron  on  a  tri- 
pod, at  Delphi,  on  which  the  priest- 
ess sat  when  delivering  the  oracle. 
—  Plur.,  referring  to  the  same,  but 
almost  in  sense  of  oracles. 

tristis,  -e,  [?,  perh.  y'ters  (in  ter- 
reo]  +  tis],  .adj.,  sad,  gloomy, 
mournful,  wretched,  sorrowful.  — 
Also  of  things  connected  with  per- 
sons in  the  same  sense.  —  Also,  as 


affecting  others,  grim,  gloomy,  sul- 
len, stern.  —  Transf.,  sad  (causing 
sadness),  bitter,  dreary,  mournful, 
melancholy,  ill-omened,  wretched, 
gloomy,  dreadful,  cruel,  harsh, 
noxious,  baneful :  tempus  (disas- 
trous} ;  Minervae  aidus(s/ormy); 
nihil  triste  (there  is  no  sorrow) . — 
Of  taste,  &c.,  bitter,  harsh.  —  Neut. 
as  subst.,  the  bane. 

trisulcus,  -a,  -urn,  [ftri-sulcus, 
decl.  as  adj.],  adj.,  three-forked. 

triticeus,  -a,  -urn,  [ftritico-  (of 
triticuni,  reduced)  +  eus],  adj., 
of 'wheat :  messis  (wheat-harvest}. 

Triton,  -onis,  [Gr.  Tpl-r<av~\t  m. : 
A  sea-god,  son  of  Neptune,  rep- 
resented as  blowing  a  conch-shell. 
—  Plur.,  sea-gods.  —  2.  A  name  of 
a  ship. 

Tritonia,  -ae,  [Gr.  Tpirwvios],  f.,  a 
name  or  appellation  of  Pallas  (Mi- 
nerva) of  uncertain  origin. 

Tritonis,  -idis,  [Gr.  Tpirwm],  f., 
same  as  Tritonia. 

tritura,  -ae,  [  v/tri  (in  tero)+tura, 
but  see  pictura],  f.,  threshing. 

tritus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  of  tero. 

triumphatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  tri- 
umpho. 

triumpho,  -avi,  -at  uni,  -are, 
[ftriumpho-],  I.  v.  n.  and  a.,  tri- 
umph (technically).  —  Act.,  enjoy 
a  triumph  over,  lead  in  triumph, 
conquer,  subdue. 

triuniphus,  -I,  [prob.  corr.  fr.  Gr. 
Opia./j.l3os,  a  hymn  to  Bacchus],  m., 
a  triumph  (in  the  Roman  techni- 
cal sense,  where  the  general  with 
his  army  went  in  procession  to  the 
Capitol  to  offer  a  sacrifice) .  —  Less 
exactly,  a  triumph  (generally),  a 
victory. 

Trivius,  -a,  -uni,  [ftri-fvia,  decl. 
as  adj.],  adj.,  of  three  ways. — Masc. 
and  fern.,  of  gods  whose  temples 
were  built  at  the  junction  of  three 
ways. — Fem.,  Trivia,  as  subst.;  — 
esp.,  Hecate  or  Diana,  on  account 
of  her  three  forms.  —  Neut.,  a 
square,  where  three  ways  met, 
corners. 


288 


Vocabulary. 


Troas,  -adis,  [Gr.  Tpoxfs],  f.  adj.,  a 
Trojan  woman. — Plur.,  the  7'rojan 
women. 

Troia,  see  Troius. 

Troianus,  -a,  -um,  [fTroia+nus], 
adj.,  Trojan. — As  subst., «  Trojan. 

Troilus,  -I,  [Gr.  TpoiiAos],  m.,  a  son 
of  Priam  killed  in  the  Trojan  war. 

Troiugena,  -ae,  [fTroiu-  (of  unc. 
form)  -gena  (cf.  indigena)], 
comm.,  born  in  Troy,  Trojan. — 
As  subst.,  a  Trojan. 

Troius,  -a,  -um,  [fTro-  (of  Tros) 
+ius] ,  adj. :  A.  Of  Tros.  —  Fern. : 
i.  Troy,  the  city  of  Tros;  2.  A 
city  of  the  same  name  in  Epirus  ; 
3.  The  game  or  exercise  of  the 
Trojan  youths  in  honor  of  Anchi- 
ses.  —  B.  Less  exactly  (as  with 
most  names  of  countries,  &c.),  of 
Troy,  Trojan.  —  Masc.,  a  Trojan. 

tropaeum  (-phaeum),  -I,  [Gr. 
rpoiraiov'],  n.,  a  trophy,  regularly 
a  trunk  of  a  tree  arrayed  in  arms 
and  left  standing  on  the  battle- 
field. —  Less  exactly,  a  trophy 
(generally),  a  -victory. 

Tros,  -ois,  [Gr.  Tpds],  m.,  a  king 
of  Phrygia  (see  Dardanus).— 
As  adj.,  Trojan.  —  As  subst.,  a 
Trojan.  —  Plur.,  the  Trojans,  said 
to  be  named  for  him. 

trucido,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [  ?, 
prob.  noun-stem  akin  to  trux,  and 
caedo],  i .  v.  a.,  cut  down,  slaugh- 
ter. 

trudis,  -is,  [y'trud  (in  trudo)  + 
is],  f.,  a  boat-hook,  a  pole  (for  boat- 
ing),said  to  have  a  crescent-shaped 
head,  cf.  contus. 

trudo,  trusi,  trOsum,  trudere, 
[?],  3.  v.  a.,  push,  push  on,  shove, 
thrust,  press  against,  struggle 
against.  —  Esp.,  put  forth  (of 
growth).  —  In  pass,  or  with  reflex- 
ive, sprout. 

trillions,  -a,  -inn,  [?J,  adj.,  lopped, 
stripped,  cut  off,  maimed,  muti- 
lated: pinus  (a  pine  trunk}  ; 
trunca  pedum  {destitute  of,  of 
maggots)  ;  tela  (/vWv;/,  jicrli. 
with  only  the  heads  off) .  —  Masc., 


a  trunk  (of  a  tree,  opposed  to  the 
branches),  a  stock,  a  main  shoot. 

—  Also,   a   headless   trunk   (of  a 
man). 

trux,  trucis  [  ?],  adj.,  savage,  grim, 
gloomy. 

tu,  tul,  [cf.  ffv,  Eng.  thou~\,  pers. 
pron.,  thou,  you  (according  to  Eng. 
idiom).  —  Plur.,  vos,  you  (of  sev- 
eral) ;  —  also  apparently  (never 
really)  of  one,  when  others  are  in- 
cluded. 

tuba,  -ae,  [f.  of  tubus],  f.,  a  trum- 
pet (straight,  cf.  cornu,  a  curved 
horn) . 

tueor,  f  n  it  us  (tutus),  tueri,  [?], 
2.  v.  dep.,  look  at,  gaze  at,  gaze 
upon,  look,  behold.  —  Also  (lit.  and 
f\g.},  protect,  defend. — tutus,  -a, 
-uin,p.p.  in  pass,  sense,  protected, 
safe  (as  regards  externals,  cf.  se- 
curus,  as  regards  one's  self),  se- 
cure, without  danger,  in  safety, 
undisturbed,  unharmed :  dare  tu- 
ta  vela  (sail  safely). — Fig. :  fides 
(secure,  trustworthy) .  —  Trans- 
ferred, safe  (protecting)  :  tegmina 
capitum.  —  Like  securus,  fear- 
less, in  security.  —  Neut.  sing,  or 
plur.,  safe  places  (i.e.  safety),  a 
safe  retreat,  a  safe  position,  &c., 
safety,  security.  —  Abl.  as  adv., 
safely,  with  impunity. 

tugurium,  -i  (-ii),  [-y/teg+unc. 
term.],  n.,  a  hut. 

Tulla,  -ae,  [f.  of  Tullus],  f.,  an 
attendant  of  Camilla. 

Tullus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  Roman  name. 

—  Esp.,  Tullus  Hostilius,  the  third 
king  of  Rome. 

turn  [n.  ace.  pron.  >/ta  (in  tarn, 
etc.),  cf.  diuii],  adv.  demonstra- 
tive, then,  at  that  time.  — With  cor- 
relative, at  the  time,  that  time,  then 
(sometimes  not  expressed  in  Eng. ), 
in  that  case,  now  (in  Eng.  sense 
of  past  time),  by  and  by,  »t<'<i>i- 
while,just  then. — Also,  thereupon, 
next,  then  again,  then,  lii'sitics, 
and  .  .  .  too.  —  Esp. :  quid  turn, 
w/tal  tlicn  (what  follows  logically 
from  the  preceding  ?),  what  next. 


Vocabulary. 


289 


—  turn  iam,  just  then  (but  con- 
founded with  iam  turn)  ;  iam 
t urn,  even  then,  just  then,  then 
already) ;  turn  vero,  emphatic, 
introducing  the  most  important 
point  of  a  narrative. 

tuineo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -ere, 
[ftumo-  (  y/tu  +  mus,  cf.  tumu- 
lus, rvAoj)],  2.  v.  n.,  swell,  be 
swollen. 

tume8co,tumui,no  sup.,-mescere, 
[ttume-(oftuineo)+sco],3.v.  n., 
swell,  rise  (of  the  sea  or  war,  &c.). 

tumidus,  -a,  -um,  [ftumo-  (wh. 
tumeo)  +  dus],  adj.,  swelling, 
sii'ollen,  rising,  huge. — Fig., puffed 
up,  swelling. 

tumor,  -oris,  [turn  (as  root  of 
tumeo)  +  or],  m.,  a  swelling. — 
Fig.,  linger^ 

tuiiuilf  us,  -us,  [ttumulo-  (of  tu- 
mulus in  earlier  meaning,  cf. 
tuineo,  reduced)  -f  tus],  m.,  an 
uproar,  a  tumult,  a  noise,  a  dis- 
turbance, a  commotion,  disorder, 
confusion.  —  Also,  of  the  mind, 
anxiety,  agitation,  excitement: 
laetitia  mixto  tumultu.  —  Esp., 
a  domestic  war,  a  war. 

tumulus,  -I,  [ftumo-  (whence  tu- 
moo)  +  lus],  m.,  a  mound,  a  hill. 
—  Esp.,  a  tomb. 

tune  [tum-ce,  cf.  hie],  adv.,  then 
(more  definite  than  turn,  hut  con- 
fused with  it),  at  that  time.  The 
readings  often  vary  between  turn 
and  tune. 

1  n  in  In,  I  nt  mil.  tunsum  (tusum), 
tundere,  [y/tud,  akin  to  Sk. 
Y/tud,  with  same  meaning],  3.  v.  a., 
strike,  beat,  bruise.  —  Esp.  of  beat- 
ing the  breasts  in  grief.  —  Also, 
pound,  bruise,  crush,  thresh.  — 
Less  exactly,  tear  (of  a  vulture), 
beat  (of  waves) ,  assail  (by  words) . 

tunica,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  tunic,  the 
ancient  undergarment,  a  sort  of 
shirt  or  frock.  —  Fig.,  a  coating 
(of  bark  or  the  like) . 

tunsus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  tundo. 

turba,  -ae,  [v'tur  (cf.  turma  and 
Oopv&os)  +  ba,  cf.  inorbus,  su- 


perbus,  and  -rvp&i)],  f.,  a  disturb- 
ance, a  tumult,  confusion. —  Esp., 
a  throng,  a  crorvd,  a  flock  (of 
birds),  a  multitude,  the  crowd  (as 
opposed  to  leaders,  &c.). 

turba  tus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  turbo. 

turbidus,  -a,  -um,  [fturba+dus], 
adj.,  confused,  agitated,  wild,  tur- 
bid, roily,  stormy,  eddying  (of 
dust),  whirling  (of  rain).  —  Of 
persons  (cf.  turba),  wild  (often 
equals  adv.  wildly),  agitated,  im- 
petuous, confused,  in  a  panic. 

turbo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [  fturba] , 
I.  v.  a.,  agitaft',  disturb,  throw  into 
confusion,  drive  in  a  panic,  fright- 
en (chase), scatter:  turbatur  (con- 
fusion reigns) ;  globum  (Jbreak, 
i.e.  the  order) ;  omnia  metu ;  la- 
tratu  apros  (rouse) ;  turbantur 
arenae  (tossed,  driven) .  —  Less 
exactly  and  fig.,  alarm,  trouble, 
disturb,  strike  with  a  panic,  break 
off  (s.if\ice), spread  alarm  (among, 
or  absolutely) .  —  turbatus,  -a, 
-um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  agitated,  disor- 
dered, in  a  panic,  broken,  panic- 
stricken,  in  confusion  (equal 
adv.),  frightened,  alarmed,  dis- 
turbed, disordered,  angry,  troubled, 
confused,  excited. 

turbo,  -inis,  [fturba-  (or  -o)  +  o 
(-in),  cf.  homo],  m.,  a  whirling; 
a  whirling  eddy:  quo  turbine 
adacta  (of  an  arrow,  simply  by 
whose  hurling)  ;  venti  (a  whirl- 
wind, see  next  division). —  Esp., 
a  whirlwind,  a  hurricane  :  nigro 
circumdata  turbine  (including 
the  cloud  that  often  accompanies 
the  vortex)  ;  ingentis  turbine 
saxi  (like  a  whirlwind,  making 
one  as  it  goes) ;  quo  turbine  tor- 
queat  hastam  (i.e.  force  like  a 
whirlwind). —  Also,  a  top  (perh. 
nearer  the  original  sense). 

tureus,  (thu-),  -a,  -um,  [ftur  + 
eus],  adj.,  of  incense. 

turgeo,  tursi,  no  sup.,  turgere, 
[?],  2.  v.  n.,  swell. 

turioremus,  -a,  -um,  [ftur-  (as  if 
turi-)  +  cremua  (cf.  cremo)], 


290 


Vocabulary. 


adj.,  incense  -  burning,  smoking 
"with  incense. 

tarifer,  -era,  -eruni,  [ftur-  (as  if 
turi-)  -fer  (^fer  +  us)],  adj., 
in  censc-bea  ring. 

turma,  -ae,  [-y/tur  (in  turba)  + 
ma],  f.,  a  troop  (of  horse,  techni- 
cally a  tenth  of  the  a/a  or  division 
of  about  300  men),  a  squadron. 

—  Also,  of  the  Trojan  boys  exer- 
cising as  cavalry.  —  Less  exactly, 
a  troop  (of  other  things),  a  throng, 
a  band. 

Turnus,  -I,  m.,  the  Rutulian  king 
who,  as  a  suitor  for  the  hand  of 
Lavinia,  resisted  the  settlement  of 
yEneas,  and  was  finally  slain  by 
him. 

turpis,  -e,  [?],  adj.,  unseemly,  un- 
sightly, foul,  ill-formed,  misshapen, 
ugly:  tabum;  racemi;  Egestas 
(squalid,  as  emaciated  and  in  rags) . 

—  Also,  in  a  moral  sense  (cf.  foul, 
&c.),  unseemly,  base,  dishonorable, 
•vile,  disgraceful. 

turriger,  -era,  -eruni,  [fturri-ger 
(^/ges,  in  gero,  +  us)],  adj., 
tower-bearing,  crowned  with  towers 
(as  cities  were  usually  represented 
allegorically). 

turris,  -is,  [prob.  borrowed,  cf.  Gr. 
Tvptris],  f.,  a  tower. —  Esp.,  a  mil- 
itary tower  for  siege,  advanced  to 
the  walls  on  wheels,  or  one  on  a 
wall  for  defence.  —  Loosely  used 
of  high  buildings. 

turritus,  -a,  -um,  [fturri  +  tus, 
cf.  armatus],  adj.,  armed  with 
towers,  crowned  with  towers  (as 
Cybele  was  represented) .  —  Less 
exactly,  towering,  pinnacled  (of 
cliffs). 

turtur,  -uris,  [?],  m.,  a  turtle-dove. 

tfis  (thus),  turis,  [Gr.  Gvoi\,  n., 
frankincense,  incense. 

Tuscus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  of  Etru- 
ria,  Etrurian,  7\iscan,  Etruscan. 

—  Plur.  as  subst.,  the  Etrurians. 
tussis,  -is,  [?],  f.,  a  cough. 
tiitamen,  -inis,  [ftuta-  (of  tutor) 

+  men],  n.,  a  protection,  a  defence. 
t  ut «-,  see  tu. 


tutela,  -ae,  [ftute-  (as  if  stem  of 
tutor)  +  la,  cf.  camlela],  f., 

guardian  sh  ip.  protection . 

tutor,  -situs,  -ari,  [ftuto-  (p.p.  of 
tueor)],  I.  v.  dep., protect,  defend, 
support. 

tutus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  tueor. 

tuus,  -a,  -um,  [pron.  Y/TVA  +  YAS], 
poss.  pron.,  thy,  your  (of  one  per- 
son, according  to  Eng.  idiom), 
thine,  yours. — Plur.  (less  common- 
ly sing.)  as  subst.,  your  (friends, 
men,  &c.,  affairs,  interests,  &c.). 

Tybris,  etc.;   see  Tiberis. 

Tydeus,  -el  (-eos),  [Gr.  TvSt6s~\, 
m.,  the  father  of  Diomede.  He 
fought  in  the  Theban  war. 

Tydides,  -ae,  [Gr.  patronymic],  m., 
son  of  Tydeus,  Diomedes. 

tympanum,  -I,  [Gr.  rv/tiracoy],  n., 
a  drum,  a  timbrel,  used  especially 
in  the  rites  of  Cybele. — Also,  a 
wheel  (not  with  spokes,  but  solid 
like  a  child's  truck,  cf.  rota,  one 
with  spokes). 

Tyndaris,  -idis,  [Gr.  TwSapls'],  f., 
daughter  of  Tyndarus,  Helen,  as 
daughter  of  Leda  his  wife. 

Typhoeus,-eI(-eos),[Gr.Tu(£a>6i$s], 
m.,  a  giant,  also  called  Typhon, 
the  hero  of  many  fables.  According 
to  one,  he  was  struck  by  lightning 
and  buried  under  /Etna  by  Jupiter. 
According  to  another,  it  was  under 
Ischia.  He  seems  to  have  been  a 
type  of  volcanoes  in  general. 

Typhoeiis,-a,  -um,[Gr.  adj.  fr.  pre- 
ceding], adj.,  of  Typhon  :  tela  (the 
bolts  of  Typhon,  by  which-  he  was 
slain). 

tyrannus,  -I,  [Gr.  rvpavvos'],  m.,  a 
king.  —  Esp.,  a  tyrant,  a  despot. 

Tyres,  -ae,  [?],  m.,  a  Trojan  (or 
Arcadian)  in  the  army  of  yEneas. 

Tyrius,  -a,  -um,  [fTyro-  (reduced) 
-f-ius],  adj.,  of  Tyre,  Tyrian. — 
Less  exactly,  of  Carthage,  Cartha- 
ginian. —  Plur.  masc.,  the  Tyriain, 
the  Carthaginians. 

Tyros  (-us),  -I,  [Gr.  Tvpos,  a  1'lm- 
nician  word],  f.,  Tyre,  the  giv;it 
city  of  Phoenicia,  from  which  came 


Vocabulary. 


291 


the  colony  of  Dido.     It  was  most 
famous  for  its  purple  dye. 
Tyrrhemis,  -a,  -um,[Gr.Tuppijj/o's], 
adj.,  Etruscan,  Etrurian,  Tuscan. 

—  Masc.  as  subst.,  an  Etrurian  ; 

—  plur.,  the  Etrurians,  the  Etrus- 
cans. 

Tyrrhenus,  -I,  [m.  of  preceding], 


m.,  an  Etrurian  among  /Eneas' 
allies. 

Tyrrheus  (Tyrrhus),  -el,  [?],m., 
the  herdsman  of  King  Latinus. 

Tyrrhidae,  -arum,  [Gr.  patrony- 
mic fr.  preceding],  m.  plur.,  the 
sons  of  Tyrrheus  :  pueri  {young 
sons  of,  &c.). 


U. 


1.  uber,   -eris,   [unc.  form  akin  to 
ovBap,  Eng.  udder,  perh.    also    to 
iivoo],  n.  (oftener  plur.),  an  ud- 
der, the    In-cast.  —  Fig.,  the  bosom 
(of  the  earth,    as   the  source    of 
nourishment),  soil  (as  fertile) ,  fer- 
tility :  (tellus)  vos  ubere  laeto 
accipiet  (in  her  fertile  bosom} ; 
rarum  (light  spongy  soil}  ;  ferti- 
lis  ubere  Giawpn»{in  production)  ; 
densum   (a    thick  planted  soil )  ; 
ubere    glebae    {fertility   of  the 
soil )  ;   divitis  uber  agri  {fertile 
soil  of  a  rich  land}. 

2.  uber,  -erls,  [same  word  as  prec. 
decl.  as  adj.,  cf.  n.  plur.  -a],  adj., 
fertile,  productive,  rich,  abundant, 
plentiful,  luxuriant. 

ubi  [held  to  be  pron.  ^/qa.o  +  bi, 
cf.  tibi,  and  Umbr.  pttfe~\,  adv.: 
i.  Interr.,  where  (almost  always 
with  strong  feeling,  in  despair  or 
irony) ;  2.  Rel.,  where  (with  ex- 
pressed or  implied  antecedent),  in 
a  place  where  (without  def.  ante- 
cedent), wherever. —  Also,  when, 
whenever,  after,  as  soon  as. 

tibique  [ubi-que,  cf.  qulsque], 
adv.,  everywhere,  on  all  sides,  all 

_  around. 

lYalojjjon,  -ontls,  [Gr.OwcaA.eyo"']) 
m.,  a  Trojan. 

uclus,  -a,  -urn,  [prob.  contr.  fr. 
uvidus,  or  formed  from  shorter 
stem],  adj.,  wet,  moist,  damp,  wa- 
tery :  udae  vocis  iter  (moist pass- 
age'"/ 'the voice}  ;  venenum^/rttt/t); 
liber  (juicy}. 

tlfens,  -entis,  [?],  m.:   i.  A  river 
in  Latium  ;   2.  The  same  word  used  j 
as  the  name  of  a  Rutulian. 


ulciscor,   ultus,   ulcisci, 

poss.  akin  to  &pKios~\,  3.  v.  dep., 
take  vengeance  on  or  for  (a  wrong- 
doer or  a  wrong) .  —  Also,  avenge 
(the  wronged). 

iilcus,  -oris,  [prob.  Gr.  f \KOS~],  n., 
a  sore,  an  ulcer. 

uligo,  -inis,  [  ?,  prob.  akin  to  nveo], 
f.,  moisture. 

Ulixes,  -I  (-el,  -Is),  [dialectic  form 
of  'OSiKro-evs],  m.,  a  Greek  hero  of 
the  Trojan  war  famed  for  his  cun- 
ning. His  wanderings  are  the 
theme  of  the  Odyssey. 

iillus,  -a,  -um,  -lus,  [funo-  (re- 
duced) +  lus],  pron.  adj.,  only  in 
real  or  limited  negatives,  cf.  quis- 
quam,  any,  anyone  :  dum  amnes 
ulli  rumpuntur  (so  long  as  any 
&c.,  until  they  do  not,  foil,  by  post- 
quam) . — With  negatives,  not  any, 
no,  none,  no  one. 

ul mus,  -I,  [?],  f.,  an  elm,  an  elm 
tree.  The  vines  of  the  ancients 
were  often  trained  upon  them. 

ulna,  -ae,  [?,  cf.  iAeVrj,  Eng.  elbow}, 
f.,  the  forearm,  the  elbow.  —  Also, 
an  ell  (perh.  the  distance  from  the 
hand  to  the  elbow,  but  used  also 
of  the  outstretched  arms,  hence 
the  length  is  unc.). 

ulter,  -tra,  -trum,  [pron.  -^ul  (of 
unc.  kin.,  cf.  uls)  +  ter  (coinp. 
suffix  akin  to  -rtpos},  cf.  alter], 
pron.  adj.,  (on  the  farther  side} .  — 
Comp.,  ulterior,  -us,  the  farther. 
—  Neut.  as  adv.,  farther,  further, 
any  more.  —  Superl.,  ultiimis, 
-a,  -inn,  [pron.  y'ul  +  timus,  cf. 
intimus],  farthest,  extreme,  ut- 
termost, at  the  end :  auctor  san- 


292 


Vocabulary. 


guinis  (original,  earliest,  farthest 
in  the  line).  —  Of  time,  last,  final. 

—  Of  degree,  last,  extreme :  iussa 
(niost  degrading,  most  arrogant}. 

—  Neut.  plur.,  the  end,  tlie  farthest 
point. 

ultcrius,  see  ulter. 

ultimus,  -a,  -um ;  see  ulter. 

ultor,  -oris,  [-^/ulc  (in  ulciscor) 
+  tor],  m.,  an  avenger. 

ultra  [prob.  abl.  of  ulter,  cf.  ex- 
tra], adv.  and  prep.  Adv.,  on  the 
other  side,  farther,  beyond.  —  Fig., 
further,  more,  besides.  For  ulte- 
rlus,  see  ulter.  —  Prep.,  beyond: 
ultra  placitum  (above  measure) . 

ultrlx,  -ids,  [^/ulc+  trix,  cf.  ul- 
tor], f.,  an  avenger  (female). — 
As  adj.,  avenging. 

ultro  [dat.  of  ulter],  adv.,  to  the 
farther  side.  —  Also,  beyond,  fur- 
ther more, in  addition,b£Stdes(ofae\\ 
of  something  not  to  be  expected, 
see  below).  — Also,  when  nothing 
is  expected  of  one,  or  called  for, 
(inore  than  is  required},  volunta- 
rily, of  one"1*  own  accord,  unpro- 
voked, unaddressed,  first  (without 
being  spoken  to). 

ii  It  us,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ulciscor. 

ulula,  -ae,  [akin  to  6\o\v£<a,  prob. 
an  old  word  made  from  the  sound, 
originally  a  wail,  cf.  for  the  form 
dAaAa],  f.,  a  screech-owl  (a  bird  of 
ill-omen). 

ululatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  uliilo. 

M  I  iibil  us,  -us,  [fulula-  (of  ululo) 
+  tus],  m.,  a  howl,  a  wail,  a  wail- 
ing, a  cry,  a  shriek,  a  wailing  cry. 

ululo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [ulula-, 
cf.  o\o\vfa  and  dAoAa],  I.  v.  n. 
and  a..,ahowl,a  wail,a  cry, a  shriek. 
— Poetic,  of  a  place,  resound  with 
waih,  &c.  —  ululatiis,  -a,  -um, 
p.p.  in  pass,  sense,  vmrskipped 
with  cries  (prop,  of  the  name,  cog. 
ace.,  uttered,  &c.) ;  — also,  echoing 
•with  cries  (where  the  object  would 
have  been  ace.  of  space). 

ulva,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  sedge,  coarse  grass. 

Ulysses,  see  Ullxes. 

Umber,  -bra,  -bruin,  [prob.  akin 


to  imber],  adj.,  of  the  Umbri  (a 
tribe  of  Northern  Italy  between  the 
Rubicon,  the  Nar,  and  the  Tiber). 

—  Masc.,  an  Umbrian  hound,  an 
"Umbrian"  (cf.  Newfoundland). 

u in l)o,  -on is,  [?,  akin  to  umbili- 
cus, and  &/j.0uv~\,  m.,  (prob.  any 
protuberance},  a  boss  (of  a  shield). 

—  Less  exactly,  a  shield. 
umbra,    -ae,    [?],   f.,   a    shad,-,   a 

s/iadow  ; —  hence,  darkness,  gloom. 

—  Esp.,  a  ghost  (of  a  dead  person, 
as  a  mere  shadow  ?,  but  confound- 
ed in  use  vnt\\  gloom),  a  shade,  an 
apparition  (of  any  kind),  a  vision, 
a  phantom. — Also,  plur.,  the  realm 
of  shades,  the  shades,  the  world  be- 
low. —  Poetic,  leaves  and  branches 
(which  serve  as  shade). 

umbraculum,  -I,  [as  if  fumbra- 
(of  umbro)+  culum],  n.,  a  bcnver, 
an  arbor. 

n  mhi-iit  us,  -a,  -um,p.p.of  umbro. 

umbrifer,  -era,  -erum,  [fumbra- 
(weakened)  -fer  (y/fer  +  us)], 
adj.,  bearing  shade,  shady. 

Umbro,  -onis,  [tUmbro+  o  (on)], 
m.,  an  ally  of  Turn  us. 

umbro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fum- 
bra-],  I.  v.  a.,  shade,  overshadow. 

umbrosus,  -a,  -um,  [fumbra-  (re- 
duced) -f  osus],  adj.,  shady  (both 
furnishing  shade  and  being  shaded). 

iimecto  (hum-),  -avi,  -atum, 
-are,  [fumecto-  (of  umeo)],  i. 
v.  a.,  moisten,  bedew,  bathe,  water. 

umeo(hum-),  noperf.,  nosup.,-ere, 
[fumo-  (-v/u  or  fuvi  +  mus),  cf. 
umifer],  2.  v.  n.,  be  moist,  be  wet. 
—Omens,  -entis,  p.  as  adj.,  moist, 
dump,  watery,  dewy:  umbra  (dewy 
shades) . 

iimerus  (hum-),  -I,  [?,  akin  to 
t&juos],  m.,  the  shoulder. 

umesco  (hum-),  no  perf.,  no  sup., 
-ere,  [fume-  (of  umeo)-fsco], 
3.  v.  n.,  be  moistened,  be  sprinkled, 
be  spattered. 

n iniiiiis,  -a,  -um,  [fumo-  (cf.  umi- 
fer) +  dus],  adj.,  moist,  damp, 
d<-,i'v.  —  Also,  wet,  rainy,  liquid, 
watery. 


Vocabulary. 


293 


uinor  (hum-),  -oris,  [um  (as  root 
of  umeo)  +  or],  m.,  moisture, 
juice,  fluid,  liquor:  gelidus  (i.e. 
snow);  Bacchi  (i.e.  wine). 

umquam,  see  unqiiam. 

una  [abl.  of  uiius,  cf.  ea],  adv.,  (by 
the  same  way) ,  together,  at  the  same 
time,  along  with,  at  once. 

iiiiaiiimus,  -a,  -um,  (also  -is,  -e), 
[funo- animus  (weakened  and 
decl.  as  adj.)],  adj.,  of  one  mind, 
liarmonious,  in  concert,  sympa- 
thizing. 

unctus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  ungo. 

ii  IK- us,  -a,  -um,  [vunc  (cf.  ancus, 
ijyicoi)  +  us],  adj.,  bent,  hooked, 
crooked :  manus  (clenched,  on  a 
rock). 

imda,  -ae,  [  ytind  +  a,  cf.  Sk.  -y/ud, 
Gr.  SStap,  and  Eng.  water\,  {.,  a 
wave,  a  billow,  a  sea.  —  Poetic,  of 
smoke,  an  eddy,  a  waving  column; 
— and  of  persons,  a  wave,  a  stream. 
—  Also,  the  sea,  water,  the  waters. 

undo  [held  to  be  quom-de,  cf.  ubi 
and  hide],  adv. :  I .  Interr.,  whence, 
from  what  place, from  whence,from 
what  source  :  unde  hominum  ge- 
nus (whence  comes,  what  is  the 
origin);  2.  Rel.,_/r0/«  whence. — 
Also,  from  whom,  from  which, 
whence. 

undecimus,  -a,  -um,  [undecim  + 
mus,  cf.  primus],  adj.,  eleventh  : 
alter  ab  undecimo  (twelfth). 

undique  [unde-que,  cf.  quisque], 
adv.,  from   all  sides,  from 
quarter,  on  all  sides  (cf.  hinej, 
everywhere,  all  around. 

undo,  -avi,  -atum,  -arc,[funda-], 
I.  v.  n.,  wave,  flo:o  in  waves,  roll 
in  waves :  volutus  ad  caelum 
undabat  vortex  (a  whirling  eddy 
rolled  to  heaven) . — undans,  -aii- 
tis,  p.  as  adj.,  surging,  seething, 
waving,  eddying,  streaming:  Cy- 
torus  buxo  (waving  with  woods 
of  box) ;  Nilus  bello  {swelling 
with  a  tide  of  war). 

un d os us,  -a,  -um,  [funda-  (re- 
duced) +  osus],  adj.,  boisterous, 
•wave-washed. 


ungo  (unguo),  unxi,  unctiim, 
ungere,  [\/ung>  akin  lo  ^k.  rf/</]> 
3.  v.  a.,  smear,  besmear,  anoint : 
tela  manu  (of  poisoned  arrows)  ; 
corpus  (for  burning).  —  unctus, 
-a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  smeared, 
greased,  greasy,  oily:  carina  (well- 
pitched). 

unguen,  -inis,  [as  if  -^/nng  (cf. 
ungo)  +  en  (prob.  really  fungi 
+  nus,  reduced)],  n.,  unctuous 
matter  (perh.  a  particular  kind, 
now  unknown). 

unguis,  -is,  [?,  cf.  poss.  <W|],  in., 
a  nail  (of  the  finger  or  toe) ;  — 
in  (ad)  unguem,  perfectly,  ex- 
actly (from  trying  a  work  with  the 
nail).  —  Also,  a  claiv  (of  a  bird  or 
beast),  a  talon. 

ungula,  -ac,  [fungui+la],  f.,  a 
claw,  a  hoof. 

n  M  qua  m  (umquam),  [held  to  be 
cum-quam,  cf.  ubi  and  quis- 
quam],  adv., ever  (with  negatives, 
see  ullus),  at  any  time.  —  With 
negatives,  never. 

Onus,  -a,  -um,  -ius,  [old  oinus, 
unc.  pron.  stem  +  nus,  cf.  olos  and 
Eng.  one"],  num.  adj.,  one,  the  same, 
a  like,  a  single,  alone,  only,  only 
one,  the  sole.  —  Esp.  :  baud  unus, 
more  than  one,  not  the  same  ;  ad 
unum,  to  a  man  ;  in  unum,  to  the 
same  place,  together,  into  one,  in 
one :  venturus  in  unum,  come 
faee  to  face  with.  —  Emphatic,  the 
one,  the  very  (with  superlatives), 
especially,  more  than  all  others.  — 
Also,  in  plur.,  one,  &c. 

upilio,  -onis,  [fovi-  unc.  stem],m., 
a  shepherd,  a  keeper  of  the  Jlock. 

urbs,  urbis»[?],  f.,  a  city  (only  of 
a  large  fortified  place,  the  capital 
or  chief  town  of  a  region).  —  Po- 
etic, of  the  citi/.ens.  —  Also,  of  a 
beehive,  colony,  city. 

urgeo  (-ued),  ursi,  no  sup.,  urge- 
re,  [-v/urg>  akin  to  efyyyv/uu], 
2.  v.  a.,  press  hard,  press  close  ;  — 
hence,  pursue,  attack,  overwhelm, 
drive,  drive  on,  force,  urge  on, 
stimulate,  hurry  on,  hasten  (a 


294 


Vocabulary. 


work),  bear  on  (of  a  crowd,  &c.), 
urge,  press  close  upon,  press  on  : 
amor  habendi  apes ;  vicinia  Per- 
sidis  (crowd  close  upon) ;  ad  li- 
tora  fluctus  (roll) ;  propius  ur- 
gente  caterva  {pressing  him 
closer) ;  urgens  egestas  {compel- 
ling need) ;  urgente  ruina  (borne 
on  by  the  flying  throng} ;  urgens 
fatum  (overwhelming) ;  pedem 
pede  {press  on  one's  heels}  ;  poe- 
nis  urgentur  {are  tormented}. — 
Also,  weigh  down,  press  upon,  keep 
down,  hem  in,  confine:  utrimque 
latus  nemoris ;  —  so,  fig.,  weigh 
doivn,  overcome,  worry,  pursue, 
annoy. 

urna,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  ajar,  an  urn. — 
Esp.  used  for  drawing  lots,  and  in 
choosing  the  judges  (jury)  in  crim- 
inal cases,  who  were  drawn  by  lot 
as  in  modern  times :  urnam  movet 
Minos  (i.e.  to  mix  up  the  names). 

uro,  ussi,  list  urn,  urere,  [-^/us, 
cf.  Gr.  0.601,  Sk.-y/MJ/fc],  3.  v.  a,  burn. 
—  Less  exactly,  of  land,  exhaust, 
dry  up,  poison.  —  Fig.,  esp.  of  the 
passions,  burn,  fire,  set  on  fire, 
excite,  worry,  disturb  :  me  amor  ; 
me  Daphnis ;  atrox  luno  (of 
Venus) ;  uritur  Dido  (burns  with 
love) . 

ursa,  -ae,  [f.  of  ursus],  f.,  a  she- 
bear. 

iirsus,  -I,  [?,  akin  to  Sp/croy],  m.,  a 
bear. 

urns,  -1,  [a  Gallic  word],  m.,  the 
urus.  —  Less  exactly,  a  wild  ox 
(the  Italian  buffalo). 

usquam  [held  to  be  unc.  case  (cf. 
cis,  uls)  of  pron.  fquo+quam,  cf. 
quisquam],  adv.,  anywhere  (in 
neg.  clauses,  cf.  ullus)  :  si  quid 
usquam  iustitia  est  (if  justice 
counts  for  something  anywhere,  as 
it  would  seem  not  to  have  thus 
far) ;  dubitem  haud  equidem  im- 
plorare  quod  usquam  est  (what 
power  there  is  anyoAtretwA  mine). 

usque  [unc.  stem  (same  as  in  us- 
quam)-}- que,  cf.  quisque],  adv., 
(in  every  place),  all  the  way,  even 


(to),  clear  (to),  as  far  as  :  usque 
sub  (quite  up  to,  quite  into) ;  ad 
usque  columnas  (to  the  far  col- 
umns) ;  usque  ab  (all  the  way 
from) ;  super  usque  (away  be- 
yond) ;  quo  usque  (how  far,  clear 
up  to  what  point,  how  long) .  — 
Also,  of  time  and  degree,  all  the 
time,  constantly,  ever,  even,  quiti- : 
iuvat  usque  morari ;  usque  dum 
(all  the  time  that,  always  while)  ; 
usque  adeo  (quite,  to  such  a  de- 
gree, so  very  much,  so  very)  ;  tur- 
batur  agris  (so  much  confusion, 
&c.)  ;  usque  adeone  mori  mise- 
rum  est  (so  very  hard  a  fate,  &c.). 

iisus,  -us,  [-^/ut  (or  stem  as  root) 
+  tus],  m.,  use,  employment,  enjoy- 
ment, experience  (continued  use)  : 
quos  \ndigei\i8ViS(need  requires); 
usus  medendi  (practice  of  medi- 
cine) ;  pervius  usus  tectorum  (a 
much-used  passage) ; — passing  into 
service,  purpose,  use  (purpose  or 
advantage  of  employment),  use- 
fulness, advantage,  profit :  neque 
erat  coriis  usus  (nor  could  any- 
thing be  done  with,  &c.) ;  ipsos  ad 
usus  (for  this  very  purpose). — 
—  Also,  activity  (changing  the 
point  of  view) .  —  Esp.  as  predi- 
cate with  esse,  (there  is  use  for), 
there  is  need  of,  something  is  re- 
quired. 

ut  (uti),  [held  to  be  case  of  pron. 
^/quo],  adv.  (conj.)  :  I.  Interr., 
how.  —  Esp.  in  indirect  questions : 
aspice  laetentur  ut  omnia  (how, 
the  beginner  should  beware  of 
that);  2.  Rel.,  as  (with  or  with- 
out correlative  so,  &c.),  just  as, — 
so  in  asseverations,  as  sure  as.  — 
Of  condition  or  state  (almost  of 
place)  passing  into  #5  of  time.  — 
Hence,  when,  as  soon  as,  no  sooner 
than,  as. — Also,  with  subj.,  that, 
in  order  that,  so  that,  to. 

utcumque  (-cunque),  [ut-cunque, 
cf.  quicunque],  adv.,  however,  in 
whatever  way. 

liter,  ut ris,  [  ?] ,  m.,  a  bag  (of  skin 
for  holding  wine),  a  skin. 


Vocabulary. 


295 


uterque,  utraque,  utriimque, 
utriusque,  [uter-que,  cf.  quis- 
quej,  pron.  adj.,  each  (of  two), 
both  ;  —  in  Eng.,  by  a  change  of 
point  of  view,  either. 

uterus,  i,  [?],  m.,  the  womb. — Less 
exactly,  the  belly. 

uti,  see  ut. 

ut ills,  -c,  [stem  akin  to  utor  +  Us], 
adj.,  advantageous,  useful,  adapted, 
serviceable  :  bis  pomis  utilis  ar- 
bos  (productive  in}. 

n(  ina in,  [uti-nam,  cf.  qulsiiam], 
conj.,  (how  pray),  oh  that,  would 

_  that.  _ 

utor,  iisus,  uti,  (old  oitor),  [?], 
3.  v.  dep.,  use,  enjoy,  take  advan- 
tage of,  employ,  show  (in  sense  of 
use,  changing  the  point  of  view 
according  to  Eng.  idiom). 


utrimque  [unc.  case  of  uterque, 
cf.  nine],  a.Av.,from  both  sides. — 
Also  (cf.  hinc),  on  each  side,  on 
both  sides. 

flva,  -ae,  [f.  of  fuvo-  (cf.  uvidus) 
+  a],  f.,  the  grape  (collectively,  of 
the  bunches  of  fruit  as  well  as  the 
entire  vine),  grapes,  the  vine. — 
Plur.,  grapes,  chisters  (bunches,  of 
grapes).  —  Poetically  (of  a  cluster 
of  bees),  a  grape-cluster. 

uvidus,  -a,  -urn,  [fuvo-  (real  or 
supposed,  wh.  uveo,  cf.  uva)  + 
dus,  prob.  -^/VG,  cf.  Sypos],  adj., 
soaked,  wet,  wet  through. 

uxor,  -oris,  [?],  f.,  a  wife. 

uxorius,  -a,  -urn,  [fuxor-t-  ius], 
adj .,  of  a  wife.  —  Also,  uxoriotts, 
devoted  to  one's  wife  (to  excess). 


V  (consonant). 


vacca,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  cow,  kine. 

vacelnium,  -i,  (-ii),  [?,  poss.  akin 
to  vacca],  n.,  a  whortle-berry 
(or  some  similar  berry).  — Also,  a 
flower  of  some  uncertain  kind. 

vaco,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fvaco- 
(cf.  vacuus,  Vacuna)],  i.  v.  n., 
be  empty,  be.  free  from,  be  unoccu- 
pied:  vacare  domos  hoste  (the 
dwellings  are  vacant,  deserted  by 
the  enemy}  ;  hie  solus  locus  (this 
only  means  is  open).  —  Fig.,  be  at 
leisure. —  Impersonal,  there  is  (one 
/las')  time  (for  a  thing),  there  is 
room  :  hactenus  indulsisse  vacat 
(thus  far  it  was  open  to  me,  &c.,  it 
was  permitted} . 

v  am  us,  -a,  -um,  [-^ac  (in  vaco) 
+  uus,  cf.  adsiduus],  adj.,  vacant, 
open,  unoccupied,  empty,  deserted, 
unobstructed,  clear:  aurae  (as  in 
Eng.)  ;  caelum  (free)  ;  orbis  (des- 
olate, without  inhabitants}  ;  saltus 
(open,  with  no  trees).  —  Fig.,  un- 
occupied, idle :  mentes. 

vado,  perf.  and  sup.  not  found,  va- 
dere,  [  ?,  -y/vad,  cf.  vadum  (poss. 
akin  to  /Satpoi)],  3.  v.  n.,  go,  walk, 
proceed,  go  on  :  vadit  discordia 


(stalks  abroad} ;  ille  ducem  va- 
dentetn  aequat  (as  he  walked, 
moved}.  —  Esp.:  vade  age  (like 
Homeric  /Sarr/c'  Wi),  come  go,  go  on 
now,  of  command,  encouragement, 
or  farewell. 

vadosus,  -a,  -urn,  [fvado-  (re- 
duced) +  osus],  adj.,  shallow. 

vadum,  -i,  [y'vad  (of  vado)  + 
um],  n.,  a  ford,  a  shoal,  a  shallow, 
a  sand-bank.  —  Also,  the  bottom  of 
the  sea,  the  depths.  —  Less  exactly, 
the  sea,  the  waters,  a  wave. 

vae  [?,  cf.  Gr.  ovaf],  inter].,  alas  ! 

vagina,  -ae,  [unc.  stem  +  na],  f., 
a  scabbard,  a  sheath. 

vagitus,  -us,  [fvagi-  (of  vagio)  + 
tus],  m.,  a  crying. 

vagor,  -situs,  -ari,  [fvago-  (of 
vagus)],  I.  v.  dep.,  move  to  and 
fro,  roam,  rove,  wander,  stray,  fly 
to  and  fro  (of  birds). — Fig.,  spread 
abroad:  fama. 

valeo,  -ui,  -itum,  -ere,  [fvalo- 
(v/val+  us,  cf.  validus  and  Sk. 
balas,  strength}},  2.  v.  n.;  be  strong, 
be  stout,  be  sturdy. — Esp.  of  health, 
be  well.  —  Fig.,  be  strong,  have 
power,  have  force,  avail,  have 


296 


Vocabulary. 


effect,  be  of  use,  serve,  be  worth,  be 
able,  can.  —  With  cogn.  ace.,  have 
ptnver  to  do,  can  do  :  quidquid 
sive  animis  sive  arte  vales  (what- 
ever resources  you  have,  &c.). — 
With  negatives,  not  serve  one,  be 
powerless,  be  useless,  fail :  non  lin- 
gua valet.  —  Esp.  in  imperat.,  be 
well,  farewell,  adieu. — valens, 
-entis,  p.  as  adj.,  strong,  stout, 
sturdy. 

Valerus,  -I,  [?],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 

validus,  -a,  -um,  [fvalo-  (wh.  va- 
leo)  +  dus],  adj.,  strong,  stout, 
sturdy,  stalwart,  vigorous. — Trans- 
ferred :  ictus  (heavy) ;  pondus 
(heavy).  —  Often  a  standing  epi- 
thet like  "good  sword." 

vallis  (-es),  -is,  [?],  f.,  a  valley. 

vallo, -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [fvallo-], 
I .  v.  a.,  entrench,  fortify.  —  Poeti- 
cal :  moenia  valiant,  they  en- 
trench themselves  with  walls. 

vallum,  -I,  [n.  of  vallus,  used  col- 
lectively], n.,  a  rampart  (of  stakes 
filled  with  earth,  the  regular  Ro- 
man entrenchment),  an  entrench- 
ment, a  wall,  a  fortification. 

vallus,  -i,  [  ?,  cf.  fjA.os,  a  nail'],  m., 
a  slake. 

van  mis,  -i,  [?,  perh.  akin  to  ven- 
tus],  f.,  a  basket  (broad  and  shal- 
low for  winnowing) .  —  Also,  the 
shallow  basket  employed  in  the 
rites  of  Bacchus,  the  meaning  of 
which  is  uncertain,  but  which  often 
appears  among  his  emblems.  Some- 
times it  serves  for  his  cradle. 

van  us,  -a,  -um,  [prob.  y'vac  (in 
vacuus)  +  nus],  adj.,  empty. — 
Esp.  of  phantoms,  dreams,  <S:c., 
empty,  bodiless,  idle.  —  Fig.,  base- 
less, empty,  vain,  idle,  groundless, 
without  foundation,  meaningless, 
ineffectual,  fruitless,  false,  deceit- 
ful:  veri  van  a  {destitute  of  truth, 
with  a  suspicion  of  the  lit.  sense)  ; 
ne  vana  putes  haec  fingere  som- 
num  (invents  these  idle  tales). — 
Neut.  plur.  as  adv.,  vainly. 

vapor,  -oris,  [^/vap  (of  unc.  kin., 


cf.    vapldus)  +  or],    m.,   steam, 
vapor.  —  Less  exactly,  heat,  fire. 

vaporo,  -avl,  -a turn,  -are,  [fva- 
por-],  I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  steam,  smoke. 
—  Act.,  Jill  with  vapor  or  smuk,-, 
fumigate :  templum  ture  (fill 
with  smoke  of  incense). 

vario,  -avl,  -atum,  -are,  [  fvario-] , 
I.  v.  a.  and  n.,  diversify,  variegate. 
— Also,  change:  vices  (change  their 
posts).  —  Intrans.,  change,  waver, 
fluctuate. 

varius,  -a,  -um,  [fvaro-  (varus, 
stretched  apart)  +  ius],  adj.,  of  two 
things  or  more,  diverse,  different, 
various,  different  sorts  of,  opposing, 
on  different  sides.  —  Also  (of  one 
thing  in  its  parts),  varying,  varied, 
changeable,  variable,  changeful, 
changing,  various,  manifold,  inol- 
ley,  variegated,  party-colored,  spot- 
ted:im.&gQT&c\U!n.(various  thoughts 
and  feelings')  ;  irarum  aestus  (eb- 
bing and  flowing,  fluctuating).  — 
Sometimes  in  the  sing,  to  be  ren- 
dered by  the  plur. :  vario  certa- 
mine  (in  the  various  rivalries) ; 
dissensu  vario  (in  many  alterca- 
tions) ;  fremor  (different  mur- 
murs) ;  vario  motu  (with  various 
emotions) . 

Varus, -i,  [varus,  bow-legged'],  m., 
a  Roman  name.  —  Esp.,  L.  Alfenns 
Varus,  who,  as  an  officer  of  Augus- 
tus, had  charge  of  the  confiscation 
of  the  lands  in  Virgil's  region.  1  le 
has  as  good  a  title  as  any  to  be 
considered  the  person  to  whom 
Virgil  dedicates  his  tenth  Eclogue. 

vastator,  -oris,  [fvasta-  (of  vas- 
to)  +  tor],  m.,  a  ravager. —  Less 
exactly,  a  destroyer. 

vasto,-avi,  -atum,-are,[tvasto-], 
I.  v.  a.,  dc7,'astate,  lay  waste,  make 
desolate,  ravage :  agros  cultori- 
bus  (despoil). 

vastus,  -a,  -um,  [?,  p.p.  of  lost 
verb],  adj.,  desolate,  laid  wast,-, 
di-si-rt.  —  Also  (by  an  unc.  connec- 
tion), huge,  enormous,  immense, 


//tea sure/ess. — Fig.,  mighty,  fright- 


Vocabulary. 


297 


fill,  tremendous,  deafening  (of 
noise) . 

vates,  -is,  [  ?],  comm.,  a  soothsayer, 
a  diviner,  a  seer,  a  prophet,  a 
prophetess.  —  Also,  an  inspired 
bard,  a  bard,  a  poet. 

-ve  [prob.  pron.  -y/VA,  cf.  Sk.  va], 
conj.  enclit.,  or  (not  exclusive,  cf. 
aut). —  Also  (as  the  regular  con- 
nective with  si  and  ne),  and  (in 
Eng.  taking  the  two  branches  to- 
gether where  the  Latin  takes  the 
two  separately,  see  sive  and  neve) . 

—  Also  with  questions,  where  Eng- 
lish admits  or. 

vectis,  -is,  [  y/veh.  (in  veho)  +  tis], 
m.,  a  pole  (for  carrying  or  lifting). 

—  From  similarity,  a  bar  (closing 
a  door). 

vect<5,  -avi,  at  um,  -are,  [fvecto- 
(cf.  veho)],  I.  v.  a.,  carry,  trans- 
port. 

vector,  -oris,  [  y'veh  (of  veho)  -f 
tor],  m.,  a  voyager  (cf.  vehor), 
a  traveller,  a  merchant  (as  a  sailor, 
according  to  ancient  usage). 

vcctiis,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  veho. 

veho,  vex!,  vectum,  vehere, 
[  y/veh  (I.-E.  VAGH),  cf.  oxos>  Eng. 
wagon~],  3.  v.  a.,  carry.  —  Esp.  (of 
sailing  and  riding),  bear,  convey, 
carry,  bring.  — Also,  pass,  (almost 
as  dep.,  cf.  vector),  be  borne,  ride, 
sail,  journey. — Less  exactly,  draw, 
lead,  conduct,  drive.  —  Poetic  (or 
proverbial)  :  quid  vesper  serus 
vehat  (brings  -with  if). 

vel  [prob.  imperat.  of  volo],  conj., 
or  (not  exclusive,  cf.  aut);  — re- 
peated (or  in  other  combinations), 
either  . . .  or.  — Also,  even.  —  Esp. 
with  superlatives,  even,  the  very 
(often  omitted  in  Eng.). 

velamen,  -inis,  [fvela-  (of  velo) 
+  men],  n.,  a  veil,  a  covering,  a 
garment,  clothing. 

velatus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  velo. 

Velinus,  -a,  -um,  [f  Velia  +  nus], 
adj.:  i.  Of  Velia  (a  town  of  Lu- 
cania  near  which  Palinurus  was 
drowned);  2.  Of  Velia,  another  (un- 
known) place  which  gave  its  name 


to  a  lake  in  the  Sabine  country.  — 
Masc.,  Velinus  (the  lake  itself). 

velivolus,  -a,  -um,  [fvelo-fvolus 
(^vol-f  us,  wh.  volo,y?/)],  adj., 
winged  with  sails :  mare  (i.e.  cov- 
ered with  sails  like  wings). 

vello,vulsi(volsl),vulsum  (vol- 
sum),  vellere,  [^/vel,  akin  to 
e'A.»ca>],  3.  v.  a.,  pull,  pluck  :  aurem 
(as  a  reminder).  —  Esp.,  pull  up, 
pull  out,  tear  out,  tear  up  ;  —  so 
of  the  standards  in  a  camp,  as  a 
sign  of  moving:  castfis  signa 
(break  tip  and  move  from  camp)  ; 
signa  (advance  the  standards').  — 
Also,  pull  down,  overthrow,  tear 
away,  tear  down. 

vellus,  -eris,  [?,  unc.  root  +  us, 
thought  to  be  ^/VAR,  cover  (poss. 
akin  to  vello,  as  plucking  is  no 
doubt  earlier  than  shearing)],  n.,  a 
Jleece  (on  or  off  the  sheep),  a  sheep- 
skin (fleece  and  all).  —  Used  also 
of  fleecy  clouds  and  of  cotton.  — 
Also,  a  lock  of  wool  (used  as  a  fes- 
toon). 

velo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fvelo-], 
I.  v.  a.,  cover  (esp.  of  the  head), 
veil,  crown,  adorn,  cover  (more 
generally),  clothe,  surround  (with 
a  garment,  &c.).  —  Pass,  (as  mid- 
dle), cover  &c.  one's  self.  —  velff- 
tus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.,  crowned,  veiled, 
covered,  wearing  (something);  — 
also  (cf.  armatus),  sail-clad  (of 
a  vessel's  yards) . 

velox,  -ocis,  [?],  adj.,  swift,  fleet. 

velum,  -I,  [referred  to  y/veh  (in 
veho)  +  lum,  which  suits  the  form, 
but  sail  can  hardly  be  the  orig. 
sense],  n.,  a  sail.  —  Also  (cf. 
velo),  a  cloth,  a  covering. 

velut  (-utl),  [vel-uti],  adv.,  just 
as,  as,  as  when,  like,  as  if,  as  it 
were,  as  though. 

vena,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  vein,  an  artery. 
—  Poetical :  in  venis  silicis  (sup- 
posed to  contain  fire).  —  Also  (as 
in  Eng.),  a  vein  (of  metal). — 
Also,  a  stream,  a  water-course. 

venabulum,  -i,[fvena-(of  venor) 
+  bulum],  n.,  a  hunting-spear. 


298 


Vocabulary. 


venutor,  -oris,  [fvena- (of  venor) 
+  tor],  m.,  a  hunter.- — In  npp. 
as  adj.,  hunting :  canis  (Jiound}. 

venatrix, -Ids,  [fvena- (of  venor) 
+  trix],  f.,  a  huntress. 

venatus,  -us,  [fvena-  (of  venor) 
+  tus],  m.,  hunting,  the  chase 
(ace.  as  supine  of  venor,  wh.  see). 

vendo,  -didi,  -ditum,  -dere,  [ve- 
num-  (ace.  of  unc.  kin.)  -do  (  put)  ] , 
3.  v.  a.,  sell. — Also  (as  in  Eng.), 
sell  (betray). 

venenum,  -I,  [?],n., poison,  venom 
(of  serpents,  &c.).  —  Less  exactly, 
a  potion  (perh.  orig.  sense),  a 
drtig,  a  magic  herb.  —  Poetic,  of 
dyes. 

venerabilis,  -e,  [fvenera  (of  ve- 
neror)  +  bills],  adj.,  venerable, 
venerated,  revered,  held  in  rever- 
ence. 

veneratus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  venero. 

venero,-avi,-atum,-are,[tVener- 
(of  Venus,  in  earlier  sense  of  grace 
or  the  like)],  I.  v.  a.,  worship,  rev- 
erence. —  Pass.,  veneror  as  dep., 
in  same  sense. — Also,  adore,  pray, 
supplicate,  offer  prayers  to  or  at.  — 
venerandus,  -a,  -uni,  p.  ger.  as 
adj.,  venerable,  adorable,  ivorlhy 
of  all  homage,  revered.  —  venera- 
tus, -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  reverend, 
revered. 

venia,  -ae,  [-y/ven  (cf.  Venus)  + 
ia,  prob.  through  adj. -stem,  cf. 
insidiae],  f.,  favor,  pardon,  in- 
dulgence, a  boon  (concretely) .  — 
—  Often  rendered  by  a  diff.  con- 
struction :  veniam  rogantes  cor- 
pora redderet  {asking  thai  Jic 
ivould  graciously,  &c.)  ;  veniam. 
precari  quern  finem  ferat  (gra- 
ciously to  make  known). 

Venilia,  -ae,  [prob.  akin  to  vcnio, 
cf.  the  use  of  the  word  as  wife  of 
Janus],  f.,  the  mother  of  Turnus. 

vf'iiio,  veni,  ventum,  venire, 
[^/ven,  cf.  $<uv<a,  Eng.  conic,  Sk. 
-y/gam],  4-v.  n.,  come(\.o  aplace), 
come  in,  arrive,  reach  ;  —  also  of 
states  or  conditions.  —  Fig-,  come 
in,  come  around,  return,  come ; 


arise,  rise  (of  heavenly  bodies), 
come  forth,  appear,  succeed  (come 
nexf),  possess  one  (of  passions, 
&c.),  come  upon  ;  —  spring  up, 
grcnu  :  segetes  (JlourisK).  —  Also, 
come  (from  a  place,  without  a  ter- 
minus) ,  spring  from.  —  veniens, 
-entls,  p.  as  adj.,  coming,  next, 
future.  —  venturus,  -a,  -um,  f.p. 
as  adj.,  to  come,  future  ;  neut.,  the 
future. 

venor,  at  us,  -ari,  [?],  i.  v.  dep., 
hunt  (with  ace.  or  absolutely  ),  pur- 
sue, chase. 

venter,  -trls,  [unc.  root,  prob.  akin 
to  7a<rrTjp],  m.,  the  belly.  —  Also, 
of  things  :  in  ventrem  cucamis 
cresceret  (Jill  its  paunch). 

ventosus,  -a,  -um,  {fvento-  (re- 


boisterous:  murmuris  aurae;  fol- 
les  (puffing).  —  Also,  as  in  EB&, 
windy,  empty,  vain  :  lingua  ;  glo- 
ria. —  Poetically  :  alae  (wings  of 
the  wind}.  0 

ventus,  -I,  [A/ven(akin  to  Sk.  va, 
blow)  +  tus],  m.,  wind.  —  Often 
of  a  particular  wind  ;  —  so  in  plur., 
•winds,  or  in  poetic  plur.,  wind. 

Venulus,  -i,  [cf.  Venilia],  m.,  a 
messenger  of  Turnus. 

Venus,  -erls,  [^/ven  (akin  to  Sk. 
•^/van)+  us,  cf.  genus],  f.,  grace, 
beauty.  —  Esp.,  Venus,  the  goddess 
of  love  and  beauty.  —  Also  (cf. 
Ceres,  corn),  love  (sexual);  —  so 
of  animals.  —  Concretely,  a  loved 
one. 

vepres  (-Is),  -is,  [?],  in.  (or  f.),  a 
bramble,  a  thorn-bush. 

ver,  veris,  [for  vasar,  cf.  £ap,  ^p], 
n.,  the  spring,  spring  weather, 
spring-time. 

verbena,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  plant,  ver- 
vain. —  Also,  in  pi.,  sacred  branch- 
es, borne  by  heralds,  and  used  for 
religious  and  magic  rites. 

•fverber  (not  found),  -eris,  [?],  n. 
(mostly  plur.),  a  lash,  a  whip  ;  — 
hence,  scourging,  a  blow.  —  Also, 
a  thong,  a  rein.  —  Less  exactly,  of 
other  things,  a  stroke,  flapping. 


Vocabulary. 


299 


verbero,  -avi,  -atiim,  -arc,  [fver- 
ber-j,  I.  v.  a.,  lank  (with  a  whip), 
scourge.  — Less  exactly,  beat,  strike, 
lush  (generally)  :  ictibus  auras ; 
aethera  alls  ;  imber  humum ; 
quadrupes  calcibus  auras  (paw 
ike  air). 

verbum,  -I,  [?,  perh.  y'ver  (cf. 
pr)/j.a  and  Eng.  word)  +  bum  (cf. 
morbus)  ],  n.,  a  word  (as  express- 
ing something),  words  (a  state- 
ment, a  prayer,  a  vow,  &c.)  :  in 
verbo  (at  the  word) ;  verba  inter 
singula(w///i  every  word). — Plur., 
•words,  languae^  discourse:  has  in- 
ter voces,media  inter  talia  ver- 
ba, amid  these  words  (as  sounds), 
amid  such  thoughts  (language)  as 
these ;  rerum  verborumque,  in 
word  and  deed ;  non  replenda 
est  curia  verbis  (as  opposed  to 
deeds) . 

vere,  [abl.  of  verus],  adv.,  truly 
(with  truth),  really. 

vereor,  veritus,  vererl,  [  -y/ver 
(cf.  bpita,  Eng.  ware),  through 
adj. -stem  (cf.  oSpos)],  2.  v.  dep. 
Absolutely,  feel  awed,  be  awed.  — 
Active,  fear,  dread ; — with  clause, 
be  afraid  (\ha.l),  fear,  be  alarmed ; 
—  with  indirect  question,  be  anx- 
ious, be  concerned ;  with  comple- 
mentary inf.,  be  afraid  (to  do  any- 
thing), shrink  (from  doing). — '• 
Less  strong  than  other  verbs  of 
fearing,  cf.  mot  uo,  tiineo. 

Vergilius  (the  proper  Latin  spell- 
in-,  not  Virg-),  -i  (-ii),  [?,  cf. 
Vergiliae],  m.,  a  Roman  gentile 
name.  —  Esp.,  Publius  Vergilius 
I\faro,  Virgil  (the  established  Eng. 
word,  cf.  Horace,  Livy,  Leghorn), 
the  poet. 

vergo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  vergere, 
[?],  3.  v.  a.  and  n.  Act.,  bend,  turn, 
incline.  • — •  Intrans.,  incline,  lie  (of 
places),  slope,  turn :  vineta  ad 
solem  cadentem  ;  quo  vergat 
pondere  letum  (which  scale  death 
should  turn,  by  which  weight  the 
balance  should  be  inclined). 

veritus,  -a;  -um,  p.p.  of  vereor. 


vero  [abl.  of  verus],  adv.,  trn'y 
(in  truth,  cf.  vere),  doubtless,  as- 
suredly. —  Often  ironical, forsc/o//i, 
indeed. — Adversative,  however,  but, 
yet.  —  turn  vero,  see  turn. 

verro,  verrl,  versum,  verrere, 
[?],  3.  v.  a.  (and  n.),  sweep  (for 
clearing).  —  Less  exactly  (as  in 
Eng.),  sweep,  sweep  over,  skim  : 
caerula  nautae  ;  vestigia  (of  an 
animal  with  its  tail) .  —  Without 
ace.,  sweep :  per  auras  (of  the 
winds). 

versicolor,  -oris,  [fverso-color, 
decl.  as  adj.],  adj.,  changeable, 
party-colored,  -variegated. 

verso  (vorso),  -avi,  -atuiu,  -siro, 
[fverso-  (cf.  verto)],  i.v.a.,/wr// 
(repeatedly  or  with  violence),  roll, 
toss,  wheel,  turn  over,  wield :  ter- 
rain ;  telum  dextera ;  serpens 
volumina  (roll,  wind)  ;  oves 
(drive, pasture);  currum;  se  in 
suo  vulnere  (welter,  writhe) .  — 
Less  exactly :  animos  in  pectore 
(bear) ;  animum  per  omnia ;  ig- 
nem  in  ossibus  (fire  the  frame 
with  heal).  — Also,  overturn,  over- 
throw, ruin  :  odiis  domos. — Fig., 
turn  over,  revolve,  ponder,  medi- 
tate :  omnia  secum ;  dolos. 

versus  (vorsus),  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of 
verto. 

versus,  -us,  [-^ert  (of  verto)  + 
tus],  m.,  a  turn,  a  turning. —  So, 
a  furrow  (once  across  a  field), 
a  line,  a  row,  and,  esp.,  a  verse 
(of  poetry,  beginning  the  rhythm 
anew),  poetry. 

vertex  (vortex),  -icis,  [fverti- 
(akin  to  verto,  cf.  verticula)  + 
cus  (reduced)],  m.,  a  whirl,  an 
eddy,  a  whirlpool,  a  vortex,  <i  whirl- 
wind, an  eddying  jlame. —  From 

•  the  peculiar  growth  of  hair,  the 
crown  (of  the  head),  the  head, — 
the  top,  tiie  summit:  caeli  (the 
heights).  —  Also,  the  pole  (of  the 
heavens) .  —  Phrase :  a  vertice, 
from  above,  overhead. 

verto  (vor-),  vertl,  vorsum,  ver- 
tere,  [  -^vert,  cf.  Sk.  ^/vrt,  turn, 


300 


Vocabulary. 


Eng.  worth~\,  3.  v.  a.  and  n.,  turn 
(lit.  and  fig.  in  various  relations) ; 

—  so,  turn   around,  reverse,  in- 
vert,— turn  towards,  direct, — turn 
away,  drive  off,  divert,  transfer, 

—  turn    up,    upturn,    turn    over, 
overturn,  overthrow. — So :  sidera 
retro ;  terga  (of  flight) ;  versis 
sagittis  (with  arrows  in  retreat, 
of  the  Parthians) ;  versis  fronti- 
bus  (changing  front,  of  the  revolv- 
ing scene) ;  arma  (reverse,  in  sign 
of  mourning) ;  aratrum  (to  plough 
across) ;  cardo  versus;  freta  (in 
rowing);    puppes  versas  (steer- 
ing);  spicula  infensa  (present, 
level);  vestigia;    iter ;    lumina 
(roll) ;  praedas  (drive  off) ;  sti- 
mulos   (ply) ;    in  viscera  vires 
(turn  against) ;   munera  in  Ae- 
nean  ;  crateras  (drain,  tip  up)  ; 
morsus  (use  the  teeth)  ;  procellae 
vocem  (bear  away) ;  domos  (over- 
throw, ruin) ;    versi   Aquilones 
(changing) . —  Esp.  of  battle,  turn, 
put   to  flight,   rout,  drive    back  : 
versi   hostes  (flying).  —  Often, 
change,  alter,  change  into,  trans- 
form :  nomen ;  vestes ;  fata  ver- 
sa (changing) .  —  Also,  of  thought, 
turn  (one's  mind),  change  (one's 
purpose) :     quae    te     sententia 
(what  purpose  changes  you);   va- 
rii  pectore  sensus  (alternate). — 
With  reflexive  (often  without)  and 
in  passive,  turn  one's  self,  turn, 
change,     be     changed,     transform 
one's  self,  revolve,  (urn  out,  tend  : 
hie  victoria  (hinge  on  this  point)  ; 
aestas  septima  (is  rolling  on) ; 
caelum   (revolve) ;    ordo    (moves 
on,  by   fate) ;    Turnus  vertitur 
(moves  to  and  fro)  ;  quo  se  ver- 
tant  hospitia ;  nee  bene  vertat 
(turn  out  ill).  —  In  special  uses  : 
omnia  sub  pedibus  verti  regique 
(be  controlled) ;  versum  fas  at- 
que  nefas  (confounded)  •  memet 
in  omnia  (try  every  resource). 

veru,  -us,  [  ?],  n.,  a  spit.  —  Also,  a 

dart. 
verum,  see  verus. 


verus,  -a,  -um,  [  ?],  adj.,  true,  real, 

—  Also,  right,  fitting,  appropriate  : 
nomen  (real,  appropriate) . — Xeut. 
(sing,  and  pi.)  as  subst,  the  truth, 
things  true. — Neut.  as  adv.,  truly 
(in  truth,  cf.  vere)  ;  —  also,  but, 
however,    yet,    still ;     often    in    a 
mere    transition    or    interruption, 
but:  verum  age.    See  also  vero. 

verutus,  -a,  -um,  [fveru  +  tus,  cf. 
auratus],  adj.,  armed  with  darts. 

vesanus,  -a,  -um,  [ve-sanus],  adj., 
insane,  crazy,  mad.  — Transferred, 
maddening,  mad,  furious. 

vescor,  no  p.p.,  vesci,  [  ?],  3.  v.  dep., 
feed  on,  eat,  subsist  on,  feast  on  : 
aura  (breathe  the  vital  air). 

vescus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  small, 
meagre,  thin.  (A  word  of  uncer- 
tain etymology  and  meaning.  In 
both  places  in  Virgil,  and  in  some 
other  passages,  it  seems  to  have 
the  meaning  of  meagre  food). 

Vesevus  (Vesuvius),  -I,  [?],  m., 
Vesuvius,  the  volcano  near  Naples  : 
iugum  (the  ridge  of  Vesuvius) . 

vesper,  -eri  and  -eris,  [  ?,  cf."E<nre- 
pos~\,  m.,  the  evening.  —  Also,  the 
evening  star  (perh.  orig.  sense). 

—  Poetically,  the  West. 

Vesta,  -ae,  [?,  cf.  (aria.,  poss.^/ves, 
dwell  1  (cf.  Sk.  -^vas  and  &O-TV, 
but  also  ver)  +  ta],  f.,  the  goddess 
of  household  fire  (cf.  Vulcan  nf 
fire  in  general,  esp.  destructive  or 
mechanical).  She  is  the  emblem 
of  household  purity  and  family 
life  (cana  Fides  et  Vesta).  Her 
effigy  and  her  fire  were  carried 
away  from  Troy  by  /Eneas,  as  a 
sacred  charge,  and  her  fire  was 
kept  constantly  burning  in  her 
temple  as  the  hearth  of  the  State 
considered  as  a  family.  She  is  often 
represented  sitting  with  covered 
head  and  holding  in  her  hand  a 
Palladium.  —  Also,  the  household 
fire,  the  hearth. 

vester,  -tra,  -trum,  [pron.  fvas  + 
ter,  cf.  alter],  pron.  adj.,  your, 
yours. 

vestlbulum,  -i,  [?],  n.,  a  porch,  a 


Vocabulary. 


301 


portico,  a  vestibule,  an  entrance. 
—  Fig.,  a  beginning,  an  open- 
in-. 

vestigium,  -i,  [?,  adj.-stem  wh. 
vcstigo],  n.,  a  track,  a  trace,  a 
footprint,  a  sign,  a  vestige,  a  token  : 
heaerae  pandunt  vestigia  (give 
indications) . — Less  exactly,  a  step, 
a  footstep  (of  walking,  as  in  Eng.), 
the  feet,  a  course  (on  foot,  or  even 
of  inanimate  things),  the  fetlocks 
(or  feet  of  a  horse) . 

vestlgo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [?, 
adj.-stem  wh.  vestigium],  i.  v.  a., 
track,  trace.  —  Less  exactly,  exam- 
ine, search  for. 

vestio,  -Ivi  (-ii),  -Itum,  -Ire, 
[fvesti-],  4.  v.  a.,  clothe.  —  Fig. 
(as  in  Eng.),  clothe,  cover,  invest, 
deck :  aether  campos  lumine 
(clothe, fill,  with  a  different  fig.). 

vestis,  -is,  [-y/ves  (cf.  eV07)$,  Sk. 
•^/vas,  clothe}  +  tis],  f.,  a  gar- 
ment, a  robe,  covering,  clothing.  — 
Also,  a  fabric  (generally),  stttffs, 
hangings,  cloth,  drapery,  hous- 
ings. 

Vesulus,  -i,  [?],  m.,  a  mountain  of 
Liguria. 

veternus,  -a,  -um,  [fveter-  (of 
vetus)  +  nus],  adj.,  old.  — Masc. 
as  subst.  (prob.  subst.  omitted), 
lethargy,  sluggishness,  heaviness, 
inactivity. 

vetitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  veto. 

veto,  -ui,  -ituni,  -are,  [prob.  rudely 
formed  from  vetus,  as  if  fveto-], 
I.  v.  a.,  (prob.  political,  keep  the 
old,  vote  against  the  \\w),  forbid, 
prohibit.  —  vetitus,  -a,  -um,  p.p. 
as  adj.,  forbidden,  unlawful.  — 
Neut.  as  subst.,  a  prohibition,  an 
order  (of  prohibition). 

vetus,  -eris,  [unc.  root  +  us  (cf. 
troy),  prob.  orig.  noun  (cf.  ace. 
plur.  in  -a)],  adj.,  of  long  standing 
(cf.  antiquus),  old,  aged,  ancient, 
former. — Masc.  plur.,  the  ancients. 

vetustas,  -atis,  [fvetus  (with  orig. 
s)  -f  tas],  f.,  age,  antiquity,  lapse 
of  time  :  aevi  (long  lapse  of 
lime) . 


vetustus,  -a,  -um,  [fvetus  (with 
orig.  s)  +  tus  (cf.  honestus)], 
adj.,  ancient  (cf.  vetus). 

vexatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  vexo. 

vexo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fvexo- 
(as  p.p.  of  veho)],  I.  v.  a.,  shake. 
—  Fig.,  harass,  worry. 

via,  -ae,  [  ^/veh  (of  veho)  +  a  (or 
-ia)],  f.,  a  road,  a  way,  a  path,  a 
street.  —  Less  exactly,  a  passage, 
a  course.  —  Fig.,  a  way,  a  means, 
a  mode,  a  fashion,  u  course.  —  Plur. 
QCpsaCv-,  journeys,  journey  ings,  wan- 
derings. —  Special :  quos  ipse  via 
sibi  repperit  usus,  in  course  of 
time,  by  practice. 

viator,  -oris,  [fvia-  (as  if  of  vio, 
perh.  really) -f  tor],  in.,  a  way- 
farer, a  traveller. 

vibratus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  vibro. 

vibro,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fvibro- 
(of  lost  adj.  of  unc.  kin.)],  I.  v.  a. 
and  n.,  agitate,  swing,  brandish.  — 
Intrans.,  quiver,  wave :  vibranti 
cuspis  transverberat  ictu  (quiv- 
ering with  the  blow,  the  force  was 
so  great).  —  vibratus,  -a,  -um, 
p.p.,  curled,  frizzled  (of  hair), 
forked  (quivering,  of  the  light- 
ning). 

viburnum,  -i,  [?,  poss.  akin  to  vi- 
bro?], n.,  the  viburnum  (a  low 
shrub  of  uncertain  identity). 

vice,  see  vicis. 

vicia,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  vetch  (a  kind  of 
leguminous  plant). 

vieinia,  -ae,  [fvicino-  (reduced)  + 
ia],  f.,  nearness,  close  proximity  : 
Persidis  (neighboring  Persia). 

vu-iuus,  -a,  -um,  [fvico-  (reduced) 
+  inus] ,  adj.,  (of  the  same  quarter) , 
near,  neighboring,  in  the  vicinity, 
close  by.  —  Masc.  as  subst.,  a  neigh- 
bor. 

vicis  (gen.,  no  nom.  found),  [?], 
f.,  (orig.  sense  unc.),  apparently, 
change,  interchange :  hac  vice 
sermonum ;  in  vicem  ( in  turn, 
alternately). — Also,  plur.,  changes, 
chances,  fortune.  —  Also,  a  post 
(perh.  as  held  by  soldiers  in  suc- 
cession), aplace,a  duty,  a  function. 


302 


Vocabulary. 


vicissim  [ace.  adv.,  same  root  as 
vicis],  adv.,  alternately,  in  turn. 

victinia,  -ac,  f.,  a  victim. 

victor,  -oris,  [  v/vic  (of  vinco)  + 
tor],  m.,  a  victor,  a  conqueror. — 
As  adj.,  victorious,  triumphant. 

victoria,  -ae,  [fvictor  +  iaj,  f., 
victory,  triumph,  success. 

victricia,  see  victrix. 

victrix,  -Icis,  [-v/v^c  (m  vinco) 
+  trix],  f.,  a  contjneror  (female). 
—  Also,  as  adj.  in  f.  and  n.,  victo- 
rious, conquering,  of  victory  ;  — 
also,  successful. 

victus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  vinco. 

victus,  -us,  [root  of  vivo  (wh.  see) 
+  tus],  m.,  a  living,  a  sustenance, 
support  (of  life),  food:  facilis 
victu  gens  {gaining  an  easy  sub- 
sistence) . 

vidfin',  see  video  and  ne. 

video,  vidijVisum,  videre,[fvid6- 
(cf.  providus)],  2.  v.  a.  and  n., 
see  (with  the  eye  or  mind). — Pass., 
be  seen,  seem,  appear;  —  esp.,  seem 
best,  seem  good,  be  determined.  — 
Also,  see  (experience),  live  to  see, 
meet.  —  videns,  -entis,  p.,  seeing, 
awake,  -with  the  eyes  open.  —  See 
also  visiiiu. 

viduatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  viduo. 

viduO,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [tviduo- 
(of  viduus)],  I.  v.  a.,  deprive, 
rob,  strip.  —  viduatus,  -a,  -um, 
p.p.  as  adj.,  destitute,  free  from. 

vigeo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  -ere,  [fvi- 
go-  (cf.  vigil)],  2.  v.  n.,  thrive, 
flourish,  be  in  vigor,  be  po^verful, 
gain  strength. 

vigil,  -ills,  [fvigo-  (wh.  vigeo)  + 
lis],  adj.,  wakeful,  awake,  watch- 
ful, sleepless,  unsleeping.  —  Fig., 
also  of  things.  —  As  subst.,  a 
•watchman,  a  sentinel,  a  guard : 
vigilum  excubiae  (posts  of  senti- 
nels} . 

vlgilantia,  -ae,  [ f vigilant  +  ia], 
f.,  watchfulness. 

vigilo,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [f vigil-], 
I.  v.  n.  and  a.,  be  awake,  wake, 
wake  up,  watch.  —  With  ace.,  look 
out  for,  watch  for. 


viginti  [tdvi  (of  duo)  +  unc.  form, 
cf.  triginta],  indecl.  adj.,  twenty. 

vigor,  -oris,  [Vvig  (in  vigeo)  + 
or],  m.,  activity,  vigor,  strength, 
force. 

vilis,  -e,  [?],  adj.,  cheap, poor. 

villa,  -ae,  [?],  f.,  a  farm-house. 

villosus,  -a,  -um,  [fvillo-  (re- 
duced) +  osus],  adj.,  shaggy,  hairy. 

villus,  -I,  [?,  cf.  vellus],  m.,  a 
coarse  hair,  hair  (of  animals),  ii 
fleece  (plur.),  wool  (coarse). 

vimen,  -inis,  [yvi  (in  vieo)  + 
men],  n.,  a  twig  (flexible),  osier. 

—  Also,  a  shoot. 

vimineus,  -a,  -um,[tvimin+  eus], 
adj.,  of  wicker,  plaited,  woven. 

vincio,  vinxi,  vinctum,  vincire, 
[prob.  akin  to  vinco  through  adj.- 
stem],  4.  v.  a.,  bind,  tie  up. — 
Esp.  of  garlands,  twine,  encircle. 

—  Fig.,  of  wine,  tie,  hamper  :  lin- 
guam. 

vinclum,  see  vlnculum. 

vinco,  vici,  victum,  vincerc, 
[y/vic,  of  unc.  kin.],  3.  v.  a.  and 
n.  Of  battle,  conquer,  defeat,  sub- 
due. —  Also,  of  rivalry,  surpass, 
outvie,  conquer,  excel,  gain  one's 
point,  beat,  prevail ;  —  so :  ea  vin- 
cam  verbis  (master) ;  fata  (out- 
live).—  Also,  of  things,  overcome, 
otitlast,  prevail  against,  wear  out, 
rise  above.  —  With  cogn.  ace. :  hoc 
vincite  (gain  this  victory'). — vic- 
tus, -a,  -um,  p.p.  as  adj.,  con- 
quered, broken,  shattered. 

vinctus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  vincio. 

vinculum,  -i,  [as  if  fvinco-  (akin 
to  vincio)  +  lam],  n.,  a  bond,  a 
fetter,  a  band,  a  shoe-lacing,  a  strap, 
a  thong.  —  Fig.,  a  bond,  an  obliga- 
tion, a  binding  force,  a  tie  (esp.  of 
marriage) . 

vindemia,  -ae,[tvino-tdemia(lost 
stem  akin  to  demo,  cf.  praemi- 
um)],  f.,  a  vintage. — Also,  con- 
cretely (as  in  Eng.),  the  vintage, 
crop  of  grapes,  grapes. 

vindico,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [fvin- 
dic-  (of  unc.  orig.)],  I.  v.  a.,  set 
free,  release. 


Vocabulary. 


303 


vlnetum,  -I,  [fvino-  (reduced)  + 
etum,  cf.  dumetuni],  n.,  a  vine- 
yard. 

viueus,  -a,  -11111,  [fvino-  (reduced) 
+ eus],  adj.,  of  vines. — Fern,  (some 
noun  omitted),  n  vineyard. 

vinitor,  -oris,  [fvino  +  tor,  cf. 
viator],  m.,  a  vine-dresser,  a  vine- 
pniner. 

vi niiiii,  -i,  [poss.  borrowed,  cf.  olvos, 
but  cf.  vltis  and  vieo],  n.,  wine. 

viola,  -ae,  [fvio-  (akin  to  ?oi>)  +  la], 
f.,  a  violet  (probably  several  kinds 
of  flowers  more  or  less  like  our 
violets) . 

violabllls,  -e,  [fviola-  (of  vlolo) 
+  bills],  adj.,  to  be  violated. 

violariuiii,  -l(-ii),  [fviola+arium 
(n.  of  -arius)],  n.,  a  bed  of  violets, 
a  violet-bed. 

vloleiitla,  -ae,  [fviolent-f  ia],  f., 
violence,  fury,  ferocity. 

vlolentus,  -a,  -um,  [?,  perh.  akin 
to  vis,  perh.  to  vlolo],  adj.,  vio- 
lent, ferocious,  boisterous,  rapid. 

vlolo,  -avi,  -at urn,  -are,  [  ?,  poss. 
akin  to  vis  (cf.  violentus),  poss. 
to  viola  (cf.  juiaivw,  and  see  be- 
low)], I.  v.  a.,  do  violence  to,  out- 
rage (lit.),  injure,  mar,  ravage.  — 
Also,  profane,  sully,  stain  (fig.), 
violate,  outrage  (fig.) . — Also,  stain 
(imitating  /ttou/w,  but  perh.  orig. 
sense) . 

vipera,  -ae,  [fvivo-  (or  stem  akin) 
-para  (akin  to  parlo),  cf.  puer- 
pera],  f.,  a  viper,  a  snake. 

vlpereus,  -a,  -um,  [fvipera-  (re- 
duced) +  eus],  adj.,  of  snakes, 
snaky  ;  — venomous,  poisonous. 

vlr,  viri,  [?,  cf.  Sk.  viras,  hero~\,  m., 
a  hero,  a  man  (opposed  to  woman), 
a  husband.  —  Also,  of  animals,  the 
male,  the  leader,  the  lord. 

virago,  -inis,  [fvir  (as  if  vira-,  cf. 
imago)  +  go],  f.,  a  masculine 
woman,  a  virago  :  luturna  (the 
"  Amazon  "  Juturna) . 

Vlrbius,  -i,  [?],  m.,  a  name  of 
Hippoly  tus.  — Also  of  his  son,  an 
ally  of  Turnus. 

vlrectuiu,  see  vlretum. 


vireo,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  virere, 
[fviro-  (cf.  vlrldis)],  2.  v.  n., 

be  green,  flourish,  grow,  put  forth 
leaves. 

viresco,  no  perf.,  no  sup.,  vires- 
cere,  [vire-  (of  vireo)  +  sco], 
3.  v.  n.,  grow  green,  be  green. 

viretum  (-ectum),  -i,  [n.  p.p.  of 
vireo],  n.,  a  grassy  spot,  a  green 
thicket. 

virga,  -ae,[  ?,  perh.  -y/vir  (in  vireo), 
perh.  Vvirg  (cf.  Sk.  v^rj)],  f., 
a  shoot,  a  twig,  a  sapling,  a  rod,  a 
iv  and. 

virgatus,  -a,  -um,  [fvirga  +  tus, 
cf.  auratus],  adj.,  striped. 

virgcus,  -a,  -um,  [fvirga-  (re- 
duced) +  eus],  adj.,  of  twigs,  of 
shoots,  osier. 

virgineus,-a,  -um,[tvirgin+eus], 
adj.,  of  a  maiden,  maiden,  mai- 
denly. 

virginitas,  -atis,  [fvirgin-  (as  if 
virgin!-)  -f  tasl,  f.,  maidenhood, 
virginity,  chastity. 

virgo,  -inis,  [stem  akin  to  virga 
+  o,  cf.  propago],  f.,  a  maiden, 
a  maid,  a  virgin.  —  Esp.,  the  Vir- 
gin, Astrtea,  or  Justice,  who  lived 
on  the  earth  in  the  golden  age,  but 
fled  to  heaven  in  the  more  corrupt 
ages. 

virgultum, -i,[fvirgula-  (reduced) 
+  turn  (cf.  salictum)],  n.,  a 
thicket. 

viridans,  -antis,  [p.  of  virido,  fr. 
fviridi-],  adj.,  green. 

viridis,  -e,  [fviro-  (wh.  vireo)  + 
dus  (weakened)],  adj.,  green  : 
Aegyptus  (clad  in  verdure,  flow- 
ery, blooming)  ;  litus  {grassy)  ; 
antrum  (mossy);  umbra  {leafy). 
—  Fig-,  green,  fresh,  vigorous. 

virilis,  -e,  [fviro-  (of  vlr)  +  ills], 
adj.,  manly,  masculine,  heroic, 
male. 

virosus,  -a,  -um,  [fviro-  (reduced) 
-f  osus],  adj.,  odorous,  fetid. 

virtiis,  -utis,  [fviro-  (reduced)  -f 
tus],  f.,  manliness,  manhood, brav- 
ery, heroism,  courage,virtue,  excel- 
lence.—  More  concretely,  a  virtue, 


304 


Vocabulary. 


a  good  quality :  mea  virtus  (con- 
sciousness of  virtue')  ;  socium  vir- 
tus omnis  (valiant  souls}. 

virus,  -1,  [unc.  root,  cf.  Sk.  vishas, 
16s,  perh.  akin  to  viola],  n.,  poi- 
son, venom  :  lentum  distillat  ab 
inguine  (an  excretion*). 

vis,  vis,  [?,  cf.  7s],  f.  sing.,  power, 
strength,  might,  virtue,  effective- 
ness.— A\so, force,  violence. — Plur., 
strength  (usually  active,  cf.  robur), 
power,  force,  energy,  might,  ability, 
vigor,  powers,  forces :  vim  viri- 
bus  exit  (escapes  violence  by  main 
force);  vires  occultae  (a  secret 
virtue). —  Also,  a  multitude,  a 
quantity. 

vlscum,  -i,  [  ?,  poss.  akin  to  virus, 
from  its  slimy,  sticky  nature],  n., 
mistletoe. 

viscus,  -eris,  (generally  plur.),  [?], 
n.,  the  flesh  (or  soft  parts  inside 
the  skin),  the  inwards,  the  body  (as 
opposed  to  the  skin  and  bones). 

—  Esp.,   the   viscera    (the    lungs, 
liver,  &c.,  used  for  divination),  the 
entrails.  —  Less  exactly  and  fig., 
as   in   Eng.,  bowels   (of  a  moun- 
tain), the  vitals  (of  one's  country). 

viso,  visi,  visuin,  visere,  [old  de- 
siderative  for  vividso,  from  y'vid 
(in  video),  reduplicated  with  -so, 
(akin  to  Gr.  fut.  ending)],  3.  v.  a., 
go  to  see,  visit.  —  Less  exactly,  ex- 
amine, see. 

visuin,  -i,  [n.  p.p.  of  video],  n.,  a 
sight,  a  spectacle,  a  portent,  aprod- 

*&• 

visus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  video. 

visus,  -us,  [yVicl  (of  video)  + 
tus],  m.,  the  sight  (power  or  act 
of  seeing,  cf.  visuin),  vision,  the 
gaze,  a  look.  —  Also,  a  sight,  an 
omen.  —  Also,  appearance,  aspect. 

—  Abl.  as  supine  of  video,  wh.  see. 
vita,  -ae,  [root  or  stem  of  vivo  + 

ta],  i.,life  (existence,  also  the  con- 
ditions of  life,  nature),  life  (the 
vital  principle),  the  breath  of  life, 
the  vital  spark  ;  —  hence,  the  soul, 
the  shade,  a  spirit.  —  Also,  a  mode 
of  life,  life  (course,  history  of  life). 


vitalis,  -e,  [fvita  +  lis],  adj.,  of 
life,  7<ital. 

viteus,  -a,  -uiu,  [fviti-  (reduced) 
+  eus],  adj.,  of  the  vine :  pocula 
(of -wine). 

vitiosfls,  -a,  -um,  [fvitio-  (re- 
duced) +  osus],  adj. ,/««//)',  blem- 
ished, unsound :  ilex  (decaying). 

vitis,  -is,  [Vvi  (°f  vieo)  +  tis], 
f.,  a  vine  (esp.  of  the  grape). — 
—  Less  exactly,  grapes. 

vitisator,  -oris,  [fviti-sator],  m., 
a  vine-planter. 

vitium,  -i  (-ii),  n.,  a  flaw,  a  blem- 
ish, a  defect.  —  Also,  an  injurious 
principle  (of  the  earth  or  air)  : 
terrae ;  aeris(^5v/). — vltio, abl., 
by  the  fault  of,  through  (he  influ- 
ence of,  caused  by. 

vito,  -avi,  -atum,  -are,  [?],  i.v.  a., 
avoid,  shun. 

vitreus,  -a,  -um,  [fvitro-  (re- 
duced) -f  eus],  adj.,  glassy,  sea- 
green  (the  color  of  glass) . 

vitta,  -ae,  [akin  to  vieo],  f.,  a  fil- 
let, a  band.  —  Esp.  as  worn  in 
sacred  observances,  and  by  sup- 
pliants, wound  around  sacred  ob- 
jects, and  hung  on  the  hands  or  on 
the  olive-branches  carried  as  signs 
of  supplication. 

vitula,  -ae,  [?,  f.  of  vitulus],  f.,  a 
heifer. 

vitulus,  -i,  [?,  akin  to  IVaAoy,  perh. 
to  yetus,  as  yearling,  cf.  «TOJ], 
m.,  a  bullock. 

vivax,  -acis,  [stem  of  vivo  (re- 
duced) +  ax,  cf.  capax],  adj., 
long-lived,  enduring. 

vividus,  -a,  -um,  [fvivo  (of  vi- 
vus)+  dus],  adj.,  lively,  vigorous, 
active. —  Also,  fig.  in  same  senses. 

vivo,  vixi,  vie  turn,  vivere,  [  y/viv 
(orig.  form  unc.,  but  with  a  g,  cf. 
quick,  and  Sk.  -y/jiv),  cf.  0«'os], 
3.  v.  n.,  live,  be  alive,  pass  one's 
life.  —  Also,  subsist,  live  (on  any- 
thing). —  Also,  of  things,  live,  re- 
main, grow,  keep  alive :  vitium 
tegendo  (thrive}  ;  sub  pectore 
vulnus ;  stuppa  (as  being  on 
fire) .  —  Esp.  in  imperat.,  may  you 


Vocabulary. 


305 


live,  fare-ivell,  I  wish  you  well, 
adieu, 

vivus,  -a,  -um,  [y'viv  (in  vivo) 
+  us,  cf.  quick'],  adj.,  alive,  liv- 
ing:  vivus  per  ora  feretur  (un- 
dying);  —  so  :  vultus  (living, 
made  like  life) .  —  Also,  of  plants, 
living,  growing.  —  Also,  of  things 
as  partaking  of  the  life  of  nature, 
living,  natural,  flowing,  perennial, 
solid  (of  rock)  :  sulphura  (na- 
tive).—  As  subst.,  the  living,  liv- 
ing creatures.  —  Phrase :  ad  vi- 
vum,  to  the  quick. 

vix  [?],  adv.,  with  difficulty,  hardly, 
scarcely.  —  Also,  of  time,  hardly, 
just,  no  sooner  (with  a  new  inci- 
dent immediately  following) . 

vocatus,  -a,  -um,  p.p.  of  voco. 

vocatus,  -us,  [fvoca-  (of  voco)  + 
tus],  m.,  a  call,  a  demand,  a  re- 
quest, an  invocation,  a  prayer. 

vociferor,  -atus,  -arl,  [lost  fvo- 
cifero-  fr.  fvoc,  of  vox  (as  if  voci-) 
•fer],  I.  v.  dep.,  cry  out,  shout,  cry, 
exclaim.  —  With  the  words  in  di- 
rect discourse. 

voco,  -avi,  -a tu  in,  -are,  [fvoco- 
(-^voc  +  us,  cf.  aequivocus)], 
I .  v.  a.  and  n.,  call  (in  every  shade 
of  invitation  and  command),  call 
to,  call  for,  pray  for,  call  upon, 
invoke,  pray  to,  invite,  summon, 
call  together,  rally,  call  by  name, 
speak  of,  proclaim,  direct:  ad 
poenam  (bring  to  justice)  ;  in 
artss  (of  trees,  try  to  turn,  de- 
mand of  them) ;  me  ad  fata  (ask 
to  share)  ;  pugnas  {proclaim}  ; 
cornix  pluviam  (as  if  the  bird 
had  power  to  bring  it) ;  ventis 
vocatia  (having  invoked  the  winds, 
but  also  of  Mercury,  summon) ; 
concilium  (convene) .  —  Also,  of 
things  more  or  less  personified, 
call,  summon,  challenge,  rival, 
lid  to  go,  direct,  demand,  await : 
Zephyxi;  Cithaeron;  ipsa  res 
(to/);  lux  ultima  (summon); 
aurae  vela  (invite) ;  cursus  vela 
(direct);  cursumventus  (guide). 
—  Esp.,  call  (by  name),  name. 


volaenia,  -ae,  [fvola-  (palm  of 
the  hand)],  f.,  name  of  a  large 
kind  of  pears. 

volatilis,  -e,  (fvolato-  (p.p.  of 
volo)  +  lis],  adj.,  flying,  winged. 

—  Poetically,  of  missiles. 
Volcens,  -entis,  [?],  m.,  a  Latin. 
volema,  see  volaema,  the  better 

authenticated  reading. 
volito,  -avi,  -arum,  -are,  [as  if 
fvolito-  (supposed  p.p.  of  volo), 
cf.  domito],   I.  v.  n.,  flit  about, 
fly  to  and  fro,  flit,  fly  abroad,  fly. 

—  Less  exactly,  rush  to  and  fro  : 
milite  Volsci  (scour  the  fields) ; 
victor  volitare  per  ora  (fly) .  — 

—  Qt  famgs,  float,  whir  I,  fly  :  tur- 
bo (spin). — volitans,  -antls,  p. 
as  subst.,  an  insect. 

volnus,  see  vulnus. 

volo,  volui,  no  sup.,  velle,  [ -y/vol, 
akin  to  j3ou\o/ia<  and  Sk.  v'vr], 
irr.  v.  a.  (with  obj.  implied),  wish, 
will,  be  willing,  consent,  allow, 
choose,  design :  hunc  laetum  di- 
em esse  velis  (graciously  make). 

—  Also,  (wish  for  one's  self),  in- 
tend, purpose,  have  in  view,  mean. 

—  With  ace.  and  inf.,  claim,  will 
have  it  that.  —  volens,  -entis,  p. 
as  adj.,  propitious,  gracious,  will- 
ing, cheerful,  glad. 

volo,  -avi,  -at u m,  -are,  [ ?],  I.  v.  n., 
fly,  fly  about,  flit.  —  Less  exactly 
and  fig.,  fly  (as  in  Eng.),  whirl 
along,  skim,  rush,  speed,  dart,  be 
hitrled,  be  flung,  wave,  shoot  (of 
stars),  roll  up  (of  smoke,  &c.). — 
volaiis,  -antis,  p.  as  subst.,y?x/«f 
creatures,  winged  creatures,  birds. 

Volscens,  see  Volcens. 

Volscus,  -a,  -um,  [?],  adj.,  of  the 
Volsci  (a  people  of  Latium,  be- 
tween the  Pomptine  marshes  and 
Campania,  who  waged  a  stubborn 
warfare  against  the  Romans,  but 
were  finally  conquered  about  B.C. 
325),  Volscian.  —  Plur.  as  subst., 
the  Volsci  (the  people  themselves), 
the  Vohcians. 

volubilis,  -e,  [fvolvi-  (of  volvo)  + 
bilis],  adj.,  whirling. 


306 


Vocabulary. 


volucer  (-crls),  -crls,  -ore,  [fvolo- 
(cf.  velivolus)  +  cris,  cf.  fludi- 
cro-],  &§-,  flying,  winged. —  Less 
exactly,  flying,  rapid, fleet,  winged 
(fig.) .  —  Also,  fleeting  :  Somnus. 

—  Fern,   (rarely   m.)  as   subs.,    a 
winged  creature,  a  bird. 

voliiinen,  -inis,  [fvolvi-  (of  vol- 
vo)  +  men],  n.,  a  roll,  a  coil,  a 
fold,  a  band  (wound  around). — 
Less  exactly,  a  joint  (the  folding 
of  the  legs). 

voluntas,  -atis,  [fvolent-  (earlier 
volont-,of  volens)+tas],f.,7fw/<, 
will,  desire,  pleasure  (desire). 

voluptas,  -atis,[fvolupi- (reduced, 
cf.  volup)  +  tas],  f.,  pleasure,  de- 
light, enjoyment, joy. —  Concretely, 
as  in  Eng.,  of  the  source  of  delight. 

Volusus,  -i,  [?],  m.,  a  Rutulian. 

volutabrum,  -I,  [fvoluta-  (of  vo- 
luto)  -f  bruin],  n.,  a  wallow,  a 
slough. 

voluto,  -avi,  -atiiin,  -are,  [t  vo- 
luto- (cf.  volvo)],  I.  v.  a.  and  n., 
roll.  —  Less  exactly,  rollback,  send 
echoing,  make  echo,  echo,  make  re- 
sound. —  Esp.  with  reflexive  (or 
without)  and  in  pass.,  roll,  writhe. 

—  Fig.,  revolve,  turn  over,  fonder, 
meditate. 

Irolutus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  volvo. 

Volvo,  volvl,  volutum,  volvere, 
[-y/volv,  cf.  A.i5o>],  3.  v.  a.  and  n. 
Act.,  roll.  —  Pass,  (as  middle),  be 
rolled,  roll:  volvitur  Euryalus 
leto  (writhe') ;  —  and  fig.,  turn 
over,  revolve  (in  the  mind),  pon- 
der :  sub  pectore  sortem.  —  lisp., 
of  the  eyes,  turn,  roll.  —  Also,  in 
pass.,  rarely  act.,  of  regular  revolu- 
tion, revolve,  run  round,  roll 
round:  volvitur  annus  (roll 
round} ;  volvenda  dies ;  volvun- 
tur  sidera  (are gliding  on};  ca- 
sus  (run  the  round  of} ;  vices 
(turn  on,  roll  on}  ;  saecula  (of  an 
oak,  live  the  round  of}.  —  Gener- 
ally with  motion  onwards,  roll  on, 
;•(<//  down  ;  —  pass.,  also,  pour, 
glide,  wind:  volvimur  undis  (are 
tossed}  ;  volvunt  ad  litora  fluctus 


(of  the  winds) ;  lacrimae  volvun- 
tur  inanes(  pour  down,  arc  shed}  ; 
incendia  aestus  (the  fire  rolling 
brings  the  heat,  &c.)  ;  lapis  volu- 
tus  (whirling)  ;  sic  volvere  Par- 
cas  (turn  the  wheel  of  destiny} ; 
rotam  volvere  per  annos  (run 
the  round}  ;  — esp.,  unroll  (of  a 
scroll)  :  arcana  ;  monimenta(«M- 
roll,  study}.  —  Also,  roll  up,  roll 
forth,  pour  forth,  send  forth,  send 
rolling  up  ;  —  pass,  as  mid. :  ignis 
ad  fastigia  volvitur ;  saxa  (of 
yEtna) ;  sub  naribus  ignem  equus 
(breathe  forth}  ;  volvitur  ater 
odor  tectis  (pour  through,  from 
the  fire).  —  Also,  roll  over,  throw 
headlong,  send  whirling,  throw 
rolling,  precipitate,  go  whirling 
(pass.). — Also,  intrans.,  roll,  re- 
volve. 

vomis  (vomer),  -eris,  [?],  m.,  a 
ploughshare. 

vomo,  -ui,  -itum,  -ere,  [-^/vom, 
akin  to  e'/mfoi,  Sk.  y'vam],  3.  v.  a. 
and  n.,  vomit,  vomit  forth,  belch 
forth,  throw  up,  send  forth, 
emit. 

vorago,  -inis,  [fvora-  (of  voro) 
+  go,  prob.  through  intermediate 
stem,  cf.  imago],  f.,  an  abyss,  a 
whirlpool,  a  vortex,  a  yawning 
chasm. 

voro,  -avi,  -atum,  -arc,  [fvoro- 
(cf.  omiiivorus) ,  akin  to  /8i£/>a>- 
tr/ca),  Sk.  -v/8ar]'  '•  v-  a->  devour. 

—  Fig.,  of  the   sea,   swallow   up, 
engulf. 

vortex,  see  vertex. 

vosmet,  see  tu. 

votuin,  see  voveo. 

votus,  -a,  -urn,  p.p.  of  voveo. 

voveo,  vovi,  votuin,  vovere,  [?], 
I.  v.  a.,  vow,  devote,  dedicate. — 
votus,  -a,  -uni,  p.p.  as  adj.,  vowed 
(promised  in  a  vow) ,  votive.  — 
Neut.  as  subst.,  a  vow,  a  prayer 
(usually  accompanied  by  a  vow). 

—  Also,    a    votive    offering   (the 
thing  vowed). 

vox,  vocls,  [  -^voc  (in  voco,  etc.) 
as  stem  (akin  to  ITTOS  and  Sk. 


Vocabulary. 


307 


,  f.,  a  voice  (as  sound,  cf. 
verbum),  the  voice:  nee  vox 
nee  verba  sequuntur  (articulate 
sound  nor  intelligible  words). — 
Less  exactly,  a  voice  (of  other  liv- 
ing things),  a  note,  a  tone,  a  sound, 
a  cry,  a  song :  septem  voces  (the 
scren  tones  of  the  scale).  —  Also, 
words,  language,  speech,  often  ren- 
dered voice  also  in  Eng. :  vox  ex- 
cidit  ore  (these  words,  Sac.) ;  voce 
magister  (in  song) ;  prodere  vo- 
ce sua  (by  his  words);  rumpit 
vocem  (utter  a  voice,  break  si- 
lence) ;  vocem  volutant  (roll their 
voices).  —  voce,  abl.,  may  often 
be  absorbed  in  some  other  word, 
or  rendered  lips,  or  aloud,  or  by 
some  similar  device :  compellat 
voce  Menoeten  (aloud);  sic 
voce  precatur  (with  these  words)  ; 
nostra  voce  (from  my  lips) ;  qua 
voce  (with  what  prayer);  voce 
lacessit  (with  taunting  words). 

Vulcanius  (Vol-), -a,  -um,  [fVul- 
cano-  (reduced)  +  ius],  adj.,  of 
Vulcan,  Vulcanian.  —  Less  ex- 
actly, of  fire. 

Vulcanus  (Vol-),  -I,  [?],  m.,  Vul- 
can, the  god  of  fire  in  its  destruc- 
tive and  mechanical  forms.  He 
was  fabled  to  have  a  forge  be- 
neath the  Lipari  islands,  where  he 
wrought  the  thunderbolts  of  Jupi- 
ter. —  F\g.,Jire. 

vulgatus,  -a,  -uin,  p.p.  of  vulgo. 

vulgo  (volgo),  [abl.  of  vulgus], 


adv.,  generally,  commonly,  every- 
where. 

vulgo  (vol-),  -avi,  -;il  um,  -arc, 
[fvulgo-],  (of  vulgus)],  i.  v.  a., 
spread  abroad,  publish,  make 
known,  make  common:  oinnia  vul- 
gata  (trite  t/iemes). 

vulgus,  -I,  [  -v/vulg(cf.Sk. vargas,  a 
crowd)  +  us],n.  (sts.m.),  the  popu- 
lace, the  common  mass, the  crowd,  the 
people  (generally) .  —  Also,  of  an- 
imals, the  mass,  the  flock,  the  swarm . 

vulnero  (vol-),  -avi,  -atum,  -are, 
[fvulner-  (of  vulnus)],  I.  v.  a., 
wound.  —  Also  fig.,  as  in  Eng. 

vulnificus  (vol-),  -a,  -uin,  [stem 
of  vulnus  (as  if  vulno-)  -ficus 
(  Y/fac  +  us)],  adj.,  wounding,  de- 
structive, cutting. 

vulnus  (vol-),  -erls,  [?],  n.,  a 
w0w«</(given  or  received), a  stroke, 
a  blow.  —  Less  exactly,  a  weapon 
(inflicting  a  wound). — -Also,  of 
the  mind,  a  wound,  a  blow,  a  pang, 
a  pain. 

vulpes  (vol-),  -is,  [?],  f.,  a  fox. 

vulsus(vol-),-a,-um,  p.p.  of  vello. 

vultur  (vol-),  -uris,  [?],  m.,  a  vul- 
ture. 

Vulturnus  (Vol-),  -I,  [fvultur-f 
nus],  m.,  a  river  of  Campania 
(  Volturno) . 

vultus  (vol-),  -us,  [-vA0!  (of  vo- 
lo)  +  tus],  m.,  an  expression  (of 
the  face),  the  countenance,  the  as- 
pect. —  Also,  of  things,  appear- 
ance, look,  aspect. 


Xantho,  -us,   [Gr.  Efw<M],  f.,  one 

of  the  Nereids. 
Xiiuthus,  -I,    [Gr.    Efu'flos],   m.,  a 

common  name  of  rivers :   i .  A  river 


of  the  Troad ;  2.  A  stream  in 
Epirus,  named  for  the  first;  3.  A 
river  in  Lycia,  a  favorite  haunt  of 
Apollo. 


Z. 


Zacynthus,  -i,  [Gr.  T.a.KwQos'],  f., 
an  island  in  the  Ionian  sea  (now 
Zante) . 

Zephyrus,    -I,    [Gr.   Ze'^upox],    m., 


Zephyr  us  (the  West  •wind'). — Less 
exactly,  wind  (from  any  quarter). 
y.ona,   -ae,  [Gr.  &t>i{],  f.,  a  belt. — 
Also,  a  zone  (of  the  earth) . 


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A    nnn  785 


Vn; 


